DOCSLIB.ORG

Assessing Changes in Kagoro Forest, Kaduna State Nigeria Using Remote Sensing and Gis

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Assessing Changes in Kagoro Forest, Kaduna State Nigeria Using Remote Sensing and Gis Research Journal of Applied Sciences, Engineering and Technology 2(2): 121-132, 2010 ISSN: 2040-7467 © Maxwell Scientific Organization, 2010 Submitted Date: September 12, 2009 Accepted Date: November 18, 2009 Published Date: March 10, 2010 Assessing Changes in Kagoro Forest, Kaduna State Nigeria using Remote Sensing and Gis 1Ojonigu F. Ati, 1Tabitha Sheyin, 1Innocent Abbas and 2Seidu O. Mohammed 1Geography Department Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria 2National Centre for Remote Sensing, Jos National Space Research and Development Agency Ministry of Science and Technology Abstract: Already georeferenced satellite imageries for 1987, 1994 and 2005 were used to study the land cover changes in the Kagoro forest. The results of the study revealed that settlement and cultivated area increased between 1987 and 2005 by 72 and 17.77% respectively while undisturbed forest decreased 24.06%. This result shows a significant depletion of the Kagoro forest as a consequence of human activities particularly cultivation for agricultural purposes. At the present rate, the forest is in danger of being destroyed and laid bare in the nearest future. This trend has implication for global carbon dioxide loading and temperature. Key words: Land cover, forest, cultivation, carbon dioxide, temperature, settlement INTRODUCTION vegetation. The energy and the high cost of kerosene have caused recourse to firewood as an alternative source of Pressures on forest especially in the tropical world, to energy for domestic uses. A dimension is added by the provide economic resources have been increasing rapidly felling and burning of wood to produce charcoal and this as a consequence of burgeoning population in the region. is causing serious depletion of forest resources. According This has led to unabated deforestation, which has been to Oyebo (2006) Nigeria has a total of 1,160 constituted recognized as one of the major drivers of biodiversity loss forest reserves, covering a total land area of 10, 752,702 as well as a threat to the existence of the global ecological hectares, representing about 10% of the total land area. lung (Salami, 2006). According to FAO Forest Resource Most of the forests in Nigeria are man-made for the Assessment (2005) each year about 13 million hectares of purpose of timber exploitation, and in some cases for fuel the world's forests are lost due to deforestation, but the wood and furniture making industries. The total plantation rate of net forest loss is slowing down, thanks to new hectarage in Nigeria was estimated at 269,000 hectares in planting and natural expansion of existing forests. From 1988. They compose of 109,377 hectares of Gmelina 1990 to 2000, the net forest loss was 8.9 million hectares arborea and 159,623 hectares of others. The Free areas, per year. From 2000 to 2005, the net forest loss was 7.3 which are land use types located outside forest and games million hectares per year - an area the size of Sierra Leone reserves are 9,136,726 hectares. These have major forest or Panama and equivalent to 200 km2 per day. Primary types dominantly trees/woodlands/shrubs (5,611,392 ha), forests are lost or modified at a rate of 6 million hectares lowland rain forest (1,187,488 ha) and freshwater swamp per year through deforestation or selective logging. forest (1,430,175 ha) (Oyebo, 2006). Plantation forests are established at a rate of 2.8 million Forests are important in the maintenance of an hectares per year. The ten countries with the largest net attractive forest environment, provision of opportunity for forest loss per year between 2000 and 2005 (Brazil, relatively intense outdoor recreation, provision of habitat Indonesia, Sudan, Myanmar, Zambia, United Republic of for wildlife, watershed function, general conservation Tanzania, Nigeria, Democratic Republic of the Congo, including minimization of soil erosion and the production Zimbabwe, Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of)) had a of wood for various uses (Aweto, 1990). Forest also combined net forest loss of 8.2 million hectares per year. serves as effective sink for carbon dioxide and releases Thirty-seven countries and territories lost 1 percent or oxygen from its photosynthetic activity. more of their forest area each year between 2000 and The Kagoro forest is a natural rain forest type of 2005, while 20 countries gained more than 1 percent per vegetation within the savannah. This is because of the year due to natural expansion of forests and afforestation. location of the forest on the south-western slope of the In Nigeria, about 350,000 to 400,000 hectares of plateau. Kagoro is on the windward side of the plateau forest is being lost per annum (Oyebo, 2006). This thereby experiencing more rain than the surrounding situation is brought about by over exploitation due to the environment. The forest is located between 9º22 and 9º35 demand for food, energy and fodder and also through and 8º11 and 8º24 in Kagoro District of Kaura Local illegal logging and non-replacement of the natural Government Area of Kaduna state. The area is located in Corresponding Author: Ojonigu F. Ati, Department of Geography Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria 121 Res. J. Appl. Sci. Eng. Technol., 2(2): 121-132, 2010 the sudan savannah which characteristically experiences MATERIALS AND METHODS the tropical wet-dry climate with about seven months of rainfall between April and October and five months of dry Data: Data was acquired from Land sat TM (30m season from November to March. The vegetation is a resolution) imageries 1987 (Fig. 1). mosaic of savannah and forest with forest occurring SPOT XS (20m resolution) 1994 (Fig. 2) mainly in river and stream valleys, but also elsewhere due Land sat ETM (15m resolution) satellite 2005 (Fig. 3). to high annual precipitation of more than 1,550 mm (Ezealor, 2001, 2002). The district is recognized as one of Software: Earth Resource Data positioning System the centres for agriculture which provides raw materials (ERDAS) version 8.3.1, for industrial use and commerce especially in the southern Arc View 3.2a part of Kaduna state, and as such the area has been The imageries were already geo-referenced to UTM mode; this process involves relating the coordinates of the attracting an appreciable amount of developmental study area to that of the map (that is relating coordinates services. In response to this, several transformations have on map to those on the ground). The imageries came in taken place in such sectors. For instance, growing scenes, with one scene larger than the study area, in order industries require raw materials for their manufacturing to get the study area; the outline of the coordinates of the hence endangering the Kagoro forest; they also need to study area was used to subset the scene to get the outline site their industries close enough to their raw materials, on the imageries. The process of subset is getting the and housing quarters may also have to be built for such study area through the whole area. workers. Since such sectors have direct bearing with the land, it is expected that their developments would be Interpretation: Onscreen visual interpretation was done; associated with the land cover changes in the area. the process of digitization was automatically done The present state of the Kagoro forest hence has a lot together with the interpretation using Arc View 3.2a. First to do with the growing local industries especially there was a creation of sample map which indicated a carpentry where trees are felled and used to make domain, then impact data from the 1987, 1994 and 2005 furniture for offices, and homes and also for the building maps was done after which four basic categories were industry, because many people have left the interior classified. These categories include; cultivated area, rock villages to settle in Kagoro, Kafanchan and other outcrops, settlements, and the undisturbed forest, an neighbouring towns and want to build houses, build interpretation key was used to help in the identification of companies and industries, so the forest has been the features to be identified and interpreted (Fig. 4-6). continually tampered with. This is apart from the growing The first to be interpreted was the cultivated area as prices of fuel and fuel products leading to the cutting of it is also described and identified by the presence of trees for cooking and keeping warm during the cold dry regular patterns of defining light red colour indicating season. crops, at other times very light reflectance were observed The effects of deforestation manifests in the loss of indicating bare surfaces for harvested fields. Secondly, the biodiversity, loss of soil fertility through loss of nutrients, rock outcrops were identified and interpreted as desiccation of previously moist forest soil, dramatic irregularly shaped, exhibiting very fine texture. The increase in temperature extremes, more desertification, colour is greyish, and the reflectance could either be dark less carbon dioxide and nitrogen exchange, loss of or light depending on the mineral constituents of the rock. effective sink for carbon dioxide enhancing global Thirdly, the settlements were identified and also interpreted as mostly irregularly shaped and usually warming and climate change. linked by road networks. They are also identified by their In light of the potential negative effects of such bluish green colour, which is reflective of the roof top changes on land quantity, quality and productivity, materials. The fourth category to be identified and information on the nature and magnitude of such change interpreted was the undisturbed forest, with irregular is certainly needed. This study on the land use/land cover patterns and no signs of cultivation. It is very deep red in changes in the Kagoro forest though on a smaller scale colour, which is associated with the chlorophyll content will provide data on the rate at which forest resources are of fresh vegetation.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Measurement of Scale Efficiency in Ginger Farms in Kachia Local Government Area of Kaduna State, Nigeria: Non-Parametric Model Approach
    MEASUREMENT OF SCALE EFFICIENCY IN GINGER FARMS IN KACHIA LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF KADUNA STATE, NIGERIA: NON-PARAMETRIC MODEL APPROACH Umar1, H.S., Yahaya2, K. and Kachiro1, S. L 1Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, Faculty of Agriculture, Nasarawa State University Keffi, PMB 135, Shabu-Lafia Campus, Nigeria 2Department of agricultural Economics and Extension, Faculty of Agriculture, Kebbi State University of Science and Technology Aliero, PMB 1144, Nigeria Abstract The study was carried out to measure scale efficiency among ginger farmers in Kachia Local Government Area of Kaduna State. A two stage sampling techniques was used to select 99 ginger farmers from whom the data for the study were collected. Data were analyzed using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and descriptive statistics. Results show that the mean values of overall TE, Pure TE and scale efficiency were 0.718, 0.804 and 0.898 respectively. Only 14 % the farms were operating on the optimal scale. While about 86% of the farms were experiencing scale inefficiency (sub-optimal scale), consisting of 47% of the farms revealing increasing return to scale and 38% exhibiting decreasing returns to scale. Therefore, it is recommended that for realization of optimal production scale in the study area, farmers operating at inefficient production scale should be encouraged to either increase farm size to address scale inefficiency from IRS, or decrease farm size to remedy scale inefficiency due to DRS. Keywords: Ginger farms, scale efficiency and DEA Introduction Ginger (Zingiber officinale) is herbaceous perennial crop grown vegetative for its spicy underground rhizomes across many climates in the world. It requires a good soil tilled for production of well-shaped rhizomes (NAERLS, 2004).
    [Show full text]
  • Kaduna State in the North-West Zone, Nigeria Issue: Armed Attacks by Suspected Criminal Gangs Date: March, 2019
    NEWS SITUATION TRACKING - NIGERIA ARMED ATTACKS IN NORTH-WEST ZONE Vol. 4 Location: Kaduna State in the North-West Zone, Nigeria Issue: Armed Attacks by Suspected Criminal Gangs Date: March, 2019 COMMUNITY PROFILING CRITICAL STAKEHOLDERS INCIDENT PROFILING Population: Kaduna State has a population Direct Actors: For decades, Kaduna State has been embroiled in violent communal strife that of 6,113,503 people (2006 population census). Suspected militia gang and Fulani herders. has polarized the people alonG ethnic and reliGious lines. The frequency of violence within the State has resulted in humanitarian crisis and weakened Recent 2016 estimate projects a total socio-economic activities. Additionally, recurrent violence in the State population of 12,000,000. Affected Persons: Basic Demography and Geography continues to undermine democratic governance and its dividends. As Residents of RuGa BahaGo, RuGa Daku, hiGhliGhted in WANEP Quick NEWS Update on the violence in Kaduna State of Hotspots: RuGa Ori, RuGa Haruna, RuGa Yukka (October 2018), the prevailing insecurity in the State is an indicative of an The State shares borders with Zamfara, Abubakar, RuGa Duni Kadiri, RuGa existinG suspicion between ethnic and reliGious Groups that has overtime Katsina, Kano, Bauchi, Plateau, NiGer, Shewuka, RuGa Shuaibu Yau, UnGwar strained inter-group relations and deGenerated into violence2. Nassarawa and Abuja Fct. There are 23 Local Barde, Karamai, Sikiya, Gidan Gajere, Government Areas (LGAs) in Kaduna State. Gidan Auta, Chibiya communities in Data Generated by the Kaduna State Peace Commission 3 , which has the Ethnicity: Ethnic Groups in the State include; Kajuru and neiGhbouring areas of Kachia responsibility of promotinG peaceful co-existence within the State has revealed Hausa, Fulani, Bajju, Atyap, Jaba, Adara, LGAs a total of 35 crisis between 1980 and 20174.
    [Show full text]
  • Scottish Missionaries in Central Nigeria
    Chapter 12 Scottish Missionaries in Central Nigeria Musa A.B. Gaiya and Jordan S. Rengshwat In this study central Nigeria refers to the Christianised part of northern Nigeria—what was called the Middle Belt of Nigeria in the 1950s and is still referred to as such in present Nigeria’s socio-political rhetoric. The Middle Belt was created as a result of the Christian missionaries’ work in northern Nigeria, which began in the early 1900s. The area comprised of Adamawa, Southern Bauchi, Plateau,1 Southern Zaria,2 and Benue.3 This area was called the Bible Belt of the Northern Nigeria. This study focuses on Plateau and Southern Zaria. Missionary societies under consideration are the Sudan United Mission (sum), which worked in Plateau, and the Sudan Interior Mission (sim), which was dominant in the Southern Zaria area. Both missionary bodies had a number of Scottish missionaries. However, sim was a non-denominational mission, meaning that, once they were accepted into the mission, missionaries were expected to put aside their denominational convictions and apply themselves exclusively to evangelism. Since the nineteenth century, Africa has been a major recipient of Scottish missionaries. Notable are David Livingstone, the missionary explorer of Africa, a major exponent of the civilising impact of Christianity in Africa, and the implementer of Fowell Buxton’s theory that the slave trade in Africa would be extinguished through mission work and the introduction of free trade; Alexander Duff and James Chalmers, missionaries to India and New Guinea, respectively; Hope Waddell, of Calabar (South East of Nigeria), and Mary Slessor, who toiled in southern Nigeria as a missionary and a representative of the British government.
    [Show full text]
  • Evaluation of the Performance of Ginger (Zingiber Officinale Rosc.) Germplasm in Kaduna State, Nigeria
    Science World Journal Vol. 15(No 3) 2020 www.scienceworldjournal.org ISSN 1597-6343 Published by Faculty of Science, Kaduna State University https://doi.org/10.47514/swj/15.03.2020.019 EVALUATION OF THE PERFORMANCE OF GINGER (ZINGIBER OFFICINALE ROSC.) GERMPLASM IN KADUNA STATE, NIGERIA Sodangi, I. A. Full Length Research Article Department of Crop Science Kaduna State University *Corresponding Author’s Email Address: [email protected] ABSTRACT Although Nigeria is the largest producer and exporter of ginger in Studies were conducted in the wet season of 2018 to evaluate the Africa (FAO, 2008), the level of production is generally low performance of three ginger cultivars in five Local Government compared to other export crops. The yield is low but of high Areas of Kaduna State, Nigeria. The treatments consisted of three quality that has high demand in the world market. 80% of cultivars of ginger (UG1, UG2 and “China”) planted in five locations Nigeria’s ginger comes from the southern part of Kaduna State (Kafanchan in Jema’a LGA, Kagoro in Kaura LGA, Samaru in where, according to Momber (1942), it has been in production Zangon Kataf LGA, Kubatcha in Kagarko LGA and Kwoi in Jaba since 1927. Several farms in Southern Kaduna could only LGA).The results showed significant effects of location and produce about 2–5 t/ha and the average yield of ginger under cultivar on some of the parameters evaluated. The “China” farmer management conditions in Nigeria is reported to be about cultivar at Kafanchan, Kubatcha and Kwoi as well as UG1 at 2.5 - 5 t/ha which is far short of yield currently obtained in most Kubatcha produced statistically similar yields of ginger by dry parts of the world.
    [Show full text]
  • Geospatial Investigation of Groundwater Potential Zones in Kachia Local Government Area, Kaduna State, Nigeria
    GEOSPATIAL INVESTIGATION OF GROUNDWATER POTENTIAL ZONES IN KACHIA LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, KADUNA STATE, NIGERIA BY MARY EDWARDKUHIYOP DEPARTMENT OF GEOGRAPHY FACULTY OF SCIENCE AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY ZARIA, NIGERIA AUGUST, 2016 Title Page GEOSPATIAL INVESTIGATION OF GROUNDWATER POTENTIAL ZONES IN KACHIA LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, KADUNA STATE, NIGERIA BY Mary EdwardKUHIYOP B.Sc. Geology, UNIJOS (2009) M.SC./SCI/5862/2011-2012 A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE SCHOOL OF POSTGRADUATE STUDIES, AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF A MASTER DEGREE IN REMOTE SENSING AND GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM DEPARTMENT OF GEOGRAPHY FACULTY OF SCIENCE AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA NIGERIA AUGUST, 2016 i DECLARATION I declare that the work entitled “Geospatial Investigation of Groundwater Potential Zones in Kachia Local Government Area, Kaduna State, Nigeria”has been carried out by me in the Department of Geography.The information derived from the literature has been duly acknowledged in the text and list of references provided. No part of this dissertation was previously presented for another degree or diploma at any other Institution. Mary Kuhiyop EDWARD _________________ ______________ Signature Date ii CERTIFICATION This dissertation entitled “GEOSPATIAL INVESTIGATION OF GROUNDWATER POTENTIAL ZONES IN KACHIA LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, KADUNA STATE, NIGERIA” by Mary Kuhiyop Edward meets the regulations governing the award of the degree of Masters Degree in Remote Sensing and Geographic Information System of the Ahmadu Bello University, and is approved for its contribution to knowledge and literary presentation. Prof. E.O. Iguisi _______________ ______________ Chairman, Supervisory Committee (Signature) Date Dr. B. Akpu _______________ ______________ Member, Supervisory Committee (Signature) Date Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • Final Report
    -, FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF NIGERIA RURAL ACCESS AND MOBILITY PROJECT (RAMP) FINAL REPORT CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR STUDY TO PRIORITIZE INTERVENTION AREAS IN KADUNA STATE - 1AND TO SELECT THE INITIAL ROAD PROGRAM IN SUPPORT OF SUCH PRIORITIZED AREAS STATE COORDINATING OFFICE: - NATIONAL COORDINATING OFFICE: Federal Project Management Unit (FPMU) State Project Implementation Unit (SPIU) 'Federal Department of Rural Development C/O State Ministry of Works & Transport Kaduna. - NAIC House, Plot 590, Zone AO, Airport Road Central Area, Abuja. 3O Q5 L Tel: 234-09-2349134 Fax: 234-09-2340802 CONSULTANT:. -~L Ark Consult Ltd Ark Suites, 4th Floor, NIDB House 18 Muhammadu Buhari Way Kaduna.p +Q q Tel: 062-2 14868, 08033206358 E-mail: [email protected] TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Introduction 1 Scope and Procedures of the Study 1 Deliverables of the Study 1 Methodology 2 Outcome of the Study 2 Conclusion 5 CHAPTER 1: PREAMBLE 1.0 Introduction 6 1.1 About Ark Consult 6 1.2 The Rural Access and Mobility Project (RAMP) 7 1.3 Terms of Reference 10 1.3.1 Scope of Consultancy Services 10 1.3.2 Criteria for Prioritization of Intervention Areas 13 1.4 About the Report 13 CHAPTER 2: KADUNA STATE 2.0 Brief About Kaduna State 15 2.1 The Kaduna State Economic Empowerment and Development Strategy 34 (KADSEEDS) 2.1.1 Roads Development 35 2.1.2 Rural and Community Development 36 2.1.3 Administrative Structure for Roads Development & Maintenance 36 CHAPTER 3: IDENTIFICATION & PRIORITIZATION OF INTERVENTION AREAS 3.0 Introduction 40 3.1 Approach to Studies 40
    [Show full text]
  • State Action Plan Implementation and Coordination Framework
    KADUNA OPEN GOVERNMENT PARTNERSHIP 1 OPEN GOVERNMENT STATE PARTNERSHIP ACTION PLAN - 2018-2020 TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENT ..........................................................................................2 LIST OF ACRONYMS.............................................................................................4 FOREWORD............................................................................................................6 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT..........................................................................................8 Section 1- Introduction...........................................................................................9 Preparation of the Kaduna Action Plan..................................................................11 Section 2 – Kaduna Open Government Initiative..................................................13 Fiscal Transparency...............................................................................................14 Public Procurement Law:.......................................................................................15 Improving Tax Revenue Generation.......................................................................15 Ease of Doing Business:.........................................................................................16 Access to Information.............................................................................................16 Citizens Engagement..............................................................................................16
    [Show full text]
  • Report on Campaign Against Electoral Violence – 2007 Kaduna State
    Report on Campaign against Electoral Violence – 2007 Kaduna State With the collaboration of Interfaith Mediation Centre/Nehemiah Foundation International NARRATIVE REPORT OF THE CAMPAIGN AGAINST ELECTORAL VIOLENCE IN NIGERIA – CAEVIN UNDER THE AUSPICES OF OXFORD UNIVERSITY & ACTION AID INTERNATIONAL, NIGERIA IMPLEMENTING PARTNER INTERAFAITH MEDIATION CENTRE, 6TH FLOOR EAST WING, HAMZA ZAYYAD HOUSE, #4. MUHAMMADU BUHARI WAY, KADUNA REPORTED BY UMAR FAROUK MOHAMMED SUBMITTED TO ACTION AID INTERNATIONAL, NIGERIA ABUJA DECEMBER, 2007 - 2 - Table of content Page Number 1. Table of content 2 2. Introduction 3 3. Campaign site 4 4. Project location in Kaduna 5 5. Treatment location 10 6. Angwan fatika 10 7. Angwan magarta (John Kaura) 11 8. Control location 11 9. Strategic planning meeting 12 10. Field visit by Dr Pedro C. Vicente & Mr. Austin Emeanua 13 11. Campaign format 14 12. Rehearsal 14 13. Campaign description 15 14. Town hall meeting 17 15. Journaling 18 16. Recallable contention 20 17. Output 21 18. Outcome 21 19. Challenges 22 20. Lesson learned 23 21. Recommendations/conclusion 23 22. Appendix - 3 - THE CAMPAIGN AGAINST ELECTORAL VIOLENCE IN NIGERIA Introduction: Electoral history in Nigeria has proved that votes do not count. Violence is used as a medium to make free and fair elections unrealistic and impossible in order for rigging to happen and ultimately to ensure that the people’s mandate does not give out to a qualified person. Electoral violence has left in its wake, culture of might is right and winner takes all. Voter apathy is also a serious aftermath of citizens’ total dissatisfaction with the violence that meet with them at polling stations during elections.
    [Show full text]
  • World Bank Document
    KADUNA STATE Public Disclosure Authorized ECONOMIC EMPOWERMENT AND DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY (SEEDS) Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized FINAL DRAFT Public Disclosure Authorized TABLE OF CONTENT Fonvard xi Executive Summary xii An Overview 1 What are the Major Benefits of KADSEEDS over Previous Attempts 3 The Major Strategies for Achieving KADSEEDS Goal 7 Vision and Policy thrusts for the period 2005 - 2007 13 Reform Government and its Institutions 14 Social and Economic Empowenent 17 Provide Enabling Environment for Economic Actors to Thrive 20 Methodology 22 Structure of the Report 24 Chap:er One Framework for Understanding and Implementing the KADSEEDS 26 Accountabilrty Relationships 27 Promoting Accountability Relationships Among Four Actors 30 Chapter Two Poverty and Poverty Reduction 34 Poverty and Security 39 Tackling Poverty 41 Incentives for Civil Servant 1999 2004 45 Chapter Three Reforming Government and its Institutions 47 Public Sector Reform 48 Structural Reform 50 Institlrb;onal Reforms 53 Economic Planning, Cooperation and Coordination 57 Fiscal Policy and Operations 63 Administration of Justice and Human Right 68 Information, Communication, Advocacy and Participation 72 Chapter Four Infrastructure and Social Services 77 Education 79 Health 94 Water Supply 110 Roads, Transport and Housing 125 Rural and Community Development 129 Lands and Survey 134 Gender and Youth Development 138 Women Affairs and Sociai Development 142 Chapter Five Agriculture 146 Environment 164 Culture and Tourism 171 Science and Technology
    [Show full text]
  • Southern Kaduna: Democracy and the Struggle for Identity and Independence by Non-Muslim Communities in Northern Nigeria 1999- 2011
    Presented at the 34th AFSAAP Conference Flinders University 2011 M. D. Suleiman, History Department, Bayero University, Kano Southern Kaduna: Democracy and the struggle for identity and Independence by Non-Muslim Communities in Northern Nigeria 1999- 2011 ABSTRACT Many non- Muslim communities were compelled to live under Muslim administration in both the pre-colonial, colonial and post colonial era in Nigeria While colonialism brought with it Christianity and western education, both of which were employed by the non-Muslims in their struggle for a new identity and independence, the exigencies of colonial administration and post- independence struggle made it difficult for non-Muslim communities to fully assert their independence. However, Nigeria’s new democratic dispensation ( i.e. Nigeria’s third republic 1999-to 2011 ) provided great opportunities and marked a turning point in the fortune of Southern Kaduna: first, in his 2003-2007 tenure, Governor Makarfi created chiefdoms ( in Southern Kaduna) which are fully controlled by the non-Muslim communities themselves as a means of guaranteeing political independence and strengthening of social-political identity of the non-Muslim communities, and secondly, the death of President ‘Yar’adua led to the emergence and subsequent election of Governor Patrick Ibrahim Yakowa in April 2011 as the first non-Muslim civilian Governor of Kaduna State. How has democracy brought a radical change in the power equation of Kaduna state in 2011? INTRODUCTION In 1914, heterogeneous and culturally diverse people and regions were amalgamated and brought together into one nation known as Nigeria by the British colonial power. In the next three years or so therefore, i.e., in 2014, the Nigerian nation will be one hundred years old.
    [Show full text]
  • Kafachan Peace Declaration, the Southern Kaduna State Inter
    PREAMBLE We, the parties to this Declaration are: development/cultural associations, Traditional Councils, youth, women, religious and respected opinion leaders and elders brought together by the Centre for Humanitarian Dialogue (HD), with our consent, because of our history of Inter-communal, farmer and grazer and religious violence. Southern Kaduna has had a number of experiences of violent conflict that constitute a major threat to peace and security. Electoral disputes, farmer and grazer differences in particular, have caused violence, deaths, injuries, loss of property, trauma, widows and orphans, poverty and massive displacements. The stakeholders in this Declaration are convinced that a necessary condition for establishing lasting peace in our State is the resort to dialogue to resolve conflicts. This Declaration covers content from a multi- ethnic and farmer and grazer context of communities of five Local Government Areas (LGA’s) of Southern Kaduna; Sanga, Kachia, Kaura, Zangon Kataf and Jema’a. This Declaration records agreements arrived at as a first step towards achieving lasting peace. The Southern Kaduna State Inter-Communal Dialogue: Convinced that without peace, Kaduna State, cannot consolidate unity and promote democracy and development; Convinced that dialogue and the non-resort to violence can lead to a lasting solution for Kaduna State’s Inter-communal conflicts; Reaffirms that respect for human rights is indispensable for the maintenance of peace and security in Kaduna State and that it constitutes one of the fundamental blocks for sustainable development; Further reaffirms the principles enshrined in the 1999 Nigeria constitution as amended, in particular Chapter 4, section 33, subsection 1, which says “each person has a right to life, and no one shall be deprived intentionally of his life, save in execution of the sentence of the court in respect of a criminal offence of which he has been found guilty in Nigeria”.
    [Show full text]
  • Six Years of Existence of Tsangaya Schools in Kaduna State (2010-2016): an Assessment
    EAS Journal of Humanities and Cultural Studies Abbreviated Key Title: EAS J Humanit Cult Stud ISSN: 2663-0958 (Print) & ISSN: 2663-6743 (Online) Published By East African Scholars Publisher, Kenya Volume-3 | Issue-1| Jan-Feb 2021 | DOI: 10.36349/easjhcs.2021.v03i01.001 Research Article Six Years of Existence of Tsangaya Schools in Kaduna State (2010-2016): An Assessment Sulaiman Salisu Muhammad* Department of Nigerian Languages and Linguistics Kaduna State University Abstract: This research is an assessment of the six years of existence of “Tsangaya Article History Schools” in Kaduna state, Nigeria. The research centers on ascertaining the achievements Received: 21.12.2020 recorded since after the implementation of the tsangaya schools. Accordingly, the research Accepted: 06.01.2021 investigates the challenges facing the implementation processes. The methodology adopted Published: 09.01.2021 in the research is a direct interview. The tsangaya schools are visited to obtain primary data Journal homepage: on the implementation status as well as the nature of running the affairs of the schools. https://www.easpublisher.com Accordingly, statistical data about the school is obtained from Federal and State Ministries of Education. The research found that there are thirty-five Quranic schools under the Quick Response Code program across the state. Also, there has been an effort to integrate formal education in such schools. The research learned that, among others, problems surrounding the program include inadequate staffing, inadequate funding, and an unconducive learning environment. Keywords: Tsangaya Schools; Almajiri; Kaduna State; Implementation; Education. Copyright © 2021 The Author(s): This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0) which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium for non-commercial use provided the original author and source are credited.
    [Show full text]