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Invasive Plants: Ecological Effects, Status, Management Challenges in Tanzania and the Way Forward
J. Bio. & Env. Sci. 2017 Journal of Biodiversity and Environmental Sciences (JBES) ISSN: 2220-6663 (Print) 2222-3045 (Online) Vol. 10, No. 3, p. 204-217, 2017 http://www.innspub.net REVIEW PAPER OPEN ACCESS Invasive plants: ecological effects, status, management challenges in Tanzania and the way forward Issakwisa B. Ngondya*, Anna C. Treydte, Patrick A. Ndakidemi, Linus K. Munishi 1Department of Sustainable Agriculture, Biodiversity and Ecosystem Management, School of Life Sciences and Bio-Engineering. The Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology, Arusha, Tanzania Article published on March 31, 2017 Key words: Competition, Allelopathy, Weeds, IPM, Mowing Abstract Over decades invasive plants have been exerting negative pressure on native vascular plant’s and hence devastating the stability and productivity of the receiving ecosystem. These effects are usually irreversible if appropriate strategies cannot be taken immediately after invasion, resulting in high cost of managing them both in rangelands and farmlands. With time, these non-edible plant species will result in a decreased grazing or browsing area and can lead to local extinction of native plants and animals due to decreased food availability. Management of invasive weeds has been challenging over years as a result of increasingly failure of chemical control as a method due to evolution of resistant weeds, higher cost of using chemical herbicide and their effects on the environment. While traditional methods such as timely uprooting and cutting presents an alternative for sustainable invasive weeds management they have been associated with promotion of germination of undesired weeds due to soil disturbance. The fact that chemical and traditional methods for invasive weed management are increasing failing nature based invasive plants management approaches such as competitive facilitation of the native plants and the use of other plant species with allelopathic effects can be an alternative management approach. -
Las Asteráceas (Compositae) Del Distrito De Laraos (Yauyos, Lima, Perú)
Revista peruana de biología 23(2): 195 - 220 (2016) Las Asteráceas deISSN-L Laraos, 1561-0837 Yauyos doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.15381/rpb.v23i2.12439 Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas UNMSM TRABAJOS ORIGINALES Las Asteráceas (Compositae) del distrito de Laraos (Yauyos, Lima, Perú) The Asteraceae (Compositae) from Laraos district (Yauyos, Lima, Peru) Hamilton Beltrán Museo de Historia Natural Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Av. Arenales 1254 Apartado 14-0434 Lima – Perú Email: [email protected] Resumen El distrito de Laraos registra 155 especies de Asteráceas agrupadas en 66 géneros, 12 tribus y 3 subfamilias. Senecio, Werneria y Baccharis son los géneros con mayor riqueza. Senecio larahuinensis y Conyza coronopi- folia son nuevos registros para la flora del Perú, siendo la primera como especie nueva; además 35 especies se reportan como nuevas para Lima. Se presentan claves dicotómicas para la determinación de las tribus, géneros y especies. Palabras clave: Vertientes occidentales; Asteraceae; endemismo; Perú. Abstract For the district Laraos 155 species of asteraceae grouped into 66 genus, 12 tribes and 3 subfamilies are recorded. Senecio, Baccharis and Werneria are genus more wealth. Senecio larahuinensis and Conyza coro- nopifolia are new records for the flora of Peru as the first new species; further 35 species are new reports for Lima. Dichotomous keys for the identification of tribes, genus and species present. Keywords: Western slopes; Asteraceae; endemic; Peru. Introducción Para Perú, con la publicación del catálogo de plantas con Las asteráceas son la familia de plantas con flores con mayor flores y gimnospermas (Brako & Zarucchi 1993) registraron número de especies, distribuidas en casi toda la superficie terres- 222 géneros y 1432 especies de asteráceas; posteriormente tre, a excepción de los mares y la Antártida, con aproximada- Beltrán y Baldeón (2001) actualizan el registro con 245 gé- mente 1600 géneros y 24000 especies (Bremer 1994, Kadereit neros y 1530 especies. -
About the Identity of Tagetes Pauciloba (Asteraceae, Tageteae)
Phytotaxa 362 (2): 200–210 ISSN 1179-3155 (print edition) http://www.mapress.com/j/pt/ PHYTOTAXA Copyright © 2018 Magnolia Press Article ISSN 1179-3163 (online edition) https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.362.2.6 About the identity of Tagetes pauciloba (Asteraceae, Tageteae) DARIO J. SCHIAVINATO1,2 & ADRIANA BARTOLI1 1 Cátedra de Botánica Sistemática, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Av. San Martín 4453, 1417, Buenos Aires, Argentina; e-mail: [email protected] (corresponding author), [email protected] 2 Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) Abstract Tagetes pauciloba, a species previously included in the synonymy of T. filifolia, is reinstated as a distinct species, and T. mendocina is placed in the synonymy of T. pauciloba. An epitype of T. pauciloba is designated. A revised morphological description of T. pauciloba is presented, including the presence of gemmiferous roots noted for the first time in Argentinian species of Tagetes. Distribution of T. pauciloba and T. filifolia in Argentina is mapped. A key to distinguish T. pauciloba from its Argentinian congeners with perennial habit is provided. Keywords: Asteraceae; Tageteae; Tagetes; Taxonomy Introduction Tagetes Linnaeus (1753: 887) is an American genus with a continuous distribution from southwestern United States to central Chile and northern Patagonia in Argentina (Neher 1966, Gutiérrez & Stampacchio 2015, Schiavinato et al. 2017). According to Soule (1996), its greatest species richness was recorded in Mexico; however, there is another diversity center in Argentina, were 12 species occur (Gutiérrez & Stampacchio 2015, Schiavinato et al. 2017). Tagetes filifolia Lagasca (1816: 28) was originally described as an annual herb from Mexico. -
Facultad De Ciencias Biológicas Escuela Profesional De Biología
UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DEL ALTIPLANO FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS BIOLÓGICAS ESCUELA PROFESIONAL DE BIOLOGÍA CAMBIOS MULTITEMPORALES EN ASOCIACIONES VEGETALES (VEGETACIÓN NATURAL Y ANTRÓPICA) EN LA ÉPOCA DE AVENIDA DEL DISTRITO DE CABANA-SAN ROMÁN-PUNO EN EL PERÍODO 2000-2016. TESIS PRESENTADA POR: Bach. IRENE YASMINA TAIPE HUAMAN PARA OPTAR EL TÍTULO PROFESIONAL DE: LICENCIADO EN BIOLOGÍA PUNO – PERÚ 2018 DEDICATORIA A Dios, por ser el inspirador y darme fuerza para continuar en este proceso de obtener uno de los anhelos más deseados. A mis queridos padres Felipe e Irene por su amor, trabajo y sacrificio en todos estos años, gracias a ustedes he logrado llegar hasta aquí y convertirme en lo que soy. A mis hermanos (as) por estar siempre presentes, acompañarme y por el apoyo moral, que me brindaron a lo largo de esta etapa de mi vida. Con inmenso amor a mi esposo Rod Henrry y a mi princesa Melanie Sofía siendo mi mejor motivación en mi vida encaminada al éxito, eres el ingrediente perfecto para poder alcanzar esta merecida victoria en la vida. A todas las personas que me han apoyado y han hecho que el trabajo se realice con éxito en especial a aquellos que me abrieron las puertas y compartieron sus conocimientos. AGRADECIMIENTO Un inmenso agradecimiento a la primera casa de estudios universitarios, Universidad Nacional del Altiplano de Puno y en especial a la Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, por ser el pilar de mi formación profesional, a los docentes y personal administrativo que impartieron sus conocimientos y contribuyeron con sus experiencias en mi formación profesional. Muy agradecida con mi Director, Blgo. -
Bioactive Properties of Tagetes Minuta L. (Asteraceae) Essential Oils
American Journal of Essential Oils and Natural Products 2016; 4(2): 27-36 ISSN: 2321 9114 AJEONP 2016; 4(2): 27-36 Bioactive properties of Tagetes minuta L. (Asteraceae) © 2016 AkiNik Publications essential oils: A review Received: 06-02-2016 Accepted: 07-03-2016 Martin Muthee Gakuubi Martin Muthee Gakuubi, Wycliffe Wanzala, John M Wagacha and (a) Department of Biology, Faculty Saifuddin F Dossaji of Science, Mwenge Catholic University, P.O. Box 1226, Moshi, Abstract Tanzania Mexican marigold (Tagetes minuta L.) and its accruing products have a long worldwide history of human (b) School of Biological Sciences, uses such as food, therapeutics and aromatherapy which are inherent in the plant’s unique chemical University of Nairobi, P.O. Box composition and bioactivities. In the recent past, T. minuta essential oils (EOs) have received great 30197-00100, Nairobi, Kenya attention in research, and their phytochemistry, bioactivities and uses remain the focus of considerable Wycliffe Wanzala scientific studies. The interest in EOs is largely due to increased demand by consumers for natural-based Department of Biological Sciences, products such as additives, drugs and pesticides, whose global acceptability and safety is highly regarded School of Science and Information compared to synthetic products. The purpose of this review is to document the existing value addition Sciences, Maasai Mara University, and evidence-based multipurpose potential and considerations of T. minuta as a new generation crop as P.O. Box 861-20500, Narok, Kenya. provided for by in-depth scientific studies of its EOs. Among the bioactivities and therapeutic properties attributed to T. minuta EOs include: antihelminthic, carminative, arthropod repellency, sedative, John M Wagacha weedicidal, antiseptic, diaphoretic, spasmolytic, germicides, stomachic, antispasmodic, antiprotozoal, School of Biological Sciences, bactericidal, emmenagogue, nematicidal, insecticidal, fungicidal, antiviral and other microbicidal University of Nairobi, P.O. -
Tagetes Spp. Essential Oils and Other Extracts: Chemical Characterization and Biological Activity
molecules Review Tagetes spp. Essential Oils and Other Extracts: Chemical Characterization and Biological Activity Bahare Salehi 1,2 , Marco Valussi 3, Maria Flaviana Bezerra Morais-Braga 4, Joara Nalyda Pereira Carneiro 4, Antonio Linkoln Alves Borges Leal 4, Henrique Douglas Melo Coutinho 4 , Sara Vitalini 5 , Dorota Kr˛egiel 6 , Hubert Antolak 6 , Mehdi Sharifi-Rad 7,*, Nathália Cristina Cirone Silva 8, Zubaida Yousaf 9, Miquel Martorell 10,* , Marcello Iriti 5 , Simone Carradori 11,* and Javad Sharifi-Rad 12,13,* 1 Medical Ethics and Law Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 88777539, Iran; [email protected] 2 Student Research Committee, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 22439789, Iran 3 European Herbal and Traditional Medicine Practitioners Association (EHTPA), 25 Lincoln Close, Tewkesbury GL20 5TY, UK; marco.offi[email protected] 4 Laboratory of Microbiology and Molecular Biology—LMBM, Regional University of Cariri—URCA, Crato, CE 63105-000, Brazil; fl[email protected] (M.F.B.M.-B.); [email protected] (J.N.P.C.); [email protected] (A.L.A.B.L.); [email protected] (H.D.M.C.) 5 Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Milan State University, via G. Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy; [email protected] (S.V.); [email protected] (M.I.) 6 Institute of Fermentation Technology and Microbiology, Lodz University of Technology, Wolczanska 171/173, 90-924 Lodz, Poland; [email protected] (D.K.); [email protected] (H.A.) -
ECORFAN Journal Chemical Compounds of Essential Oil Of
19 Article ECORFAN Journal December 2015 Vol.1 No.1 19-26 Chemical compounds of essential oil of Tagetes species of Ecuador ZAPATA-MALDONADO, Christian Iván´*†, SERRATO-CRUZ, Miguel Ángel´, IBARRA, Emmanuel´ and NARANJO-PUENTE, Blanca´´ Institute of Horticulture. Universidad Autónoma Chapingo. Km 38.5 Highway México-Texcoco. 56230. Chapingo, State of Mexico Laboratory of Phytochemistry. Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas ESPE.Av. Grl. Rumiñahui. Route of the Volcanoes. Sangolquí-Ecuador Received April 14, 2015; Accepted November 5, 2015 Abstract It has limited information on the chemical composition of Tagetes species distributed in Ecuador, which limits its use as a biopesticide, for that reason, to advance the characterization of this plant genetic resource, in this work the oil composition described essential obtained by hydrodistillation of five species in situ plants. Using a procedure GC / MS the following major compounds were determined: anethole (66,997%), estragole (31,685 &) and anis aldehyde (1.495%) in T. filifolia; trans- tagetone (52.76%), 4-ethyl-4-methyl-1-hexene (25.56%), verbenone (3.32%), 1-verbenone (3%), β- ocimene (8.62%), β-linalool ( 1.19%) and cis-tagetone (6.21%) in T. terniflora; trans-tagetone (33.97%), 4-ethyl-4-methyl-1-hexene (13.85%), cariofilene (3.18%), β-ocimene 16.96%), trans- ocimene (3.73%), cis-tagetone (9.1 %), 1-verbenone (11.69%) and verbenone (16.57%) in T. minuta; trans-tagetone (17.89%), trans-ocimene (3.73%), 1-verbenone (13.89%), verbenoana (24.34%), epoxy pinane 2.3 (0.44%) and 4-ethyl-4-methyl-1- hexene (39.69%) in T. zypaquirensis; and trans-tagetone (30.91% 9, trans-ocimene (25.66%) and valeric acid (43.43%) in T. -
Activity of Some Secondary Metabolites from Tagetes Patula L
17 Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research Al-Nahrain University College of Science Department of Biotechnology Activity Of Some Secondary Metabolites From Tagetes patula L. Flowers Against Microbial Infection A thesis Submitted to the College of Science, Al-Nahrain University In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Biotechnology By Farah Dawood Salim Al-Saadi B.Sc., Biotechnology, College of Science, 2006 Al-Nahrain University Supervised by Dr. Kadhim M. Ibrahim Dr. Munira Ch. Ismail Professor Professor November Zo-Alkada 2009 1430 18 Supervisor(s) certification Activity of Some Secondary ״ We, certify that this Thesis Metabolites from Tagetes patula L. Flowers against Microbial ״ Infection under our supervision at the ״ Farah Dawood Salim״ Was prepared by Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, Al-Nahrain University, as a partial requirement for the degree of Master of Science in Biotechnology. Signature: Signature: Name: Dr. Kadhim M. Ibrahim Name: Dr. Munira Ch. Ismail Scientific degree: Professor Scientific degree: Professor Date: Date: In view of the available recommendations, I forward this thesis for debate by the examining committee. Signature Name: Dr. Kadhim M. Ibrahim Scientific degree: Professor Title: Head of Biotechnology Department Date: 19 Committee Certification We, the examining committee certify that we have read this thesis Activity of Some Secondary Metabolites from Tagetes patula ״ entitled Farah״ and examined the student ״ L. Flowers against Microbial Infection in its contents and that in to our opinion, it is accepted ״ Dawood Salim as a thesis for the degree of Master of Science in Biotechnology. (Chairman) Signature: Name: Dr. -
Contribution to the Floristic Knowledge of the Sierra Mazateca of Oaxaca,Mexico
NUMBER 20 MUNN-ESTRADA: FLORA OF THE SIERRA MAZATECA OF OAXACA, MEXICO 25 CONTRIBUTION TO THE FLORISTIC KNOWLEDGE OF THE SIERRA MAZATECA OF OAXACA,MEXICO Diana Xochitl Munn-Estrada Harvard Museums of Science & Culture, 26 Oxford St., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138 Email: [email protected] Abstract: The Sierra Mazateca is located in the northern mountainous region of Oaxaca, Mexico, between the Valley of Tehuaca´n-Cuicatla´n and the Gulf Coastal Plains of Veracruz. It is part of the more extensive Sierra Madre de Oaxaca, a priority region for biological research and conservation efforts because of its high levels of biodiversity. A floristic study was conducted in the highlands of the Sierra Mazateca (at altitudes of ca. 1,000–2,750 m) between September 1999 and April 2002, with the objective of producing an inventory of the vascular plants found in this region. Cloud forests are the predominant vegetation type in the highland areas, but due to widespread changes in land use, these are found in different levels of succession. This contribution presents a general description of the sampled area and a checklist of the vascular flora collected during this study that includes 648 species distributed among 136 families and 389 genera. The five most species-rich angiosperm families found in the region are: Asteraceae, Orchidaceae, Rubiaceae, Melastomataceae, and Piperaceae, while the largest fern family is Polypodiaceae. Resumen: La Sierra Mazateca se ubica en el noreste de Oaxaca, Mexico,´ entre el Valle de Tehuaca´n-Cuicatla´n y la Planicie Costera del Golfo de Mexico.´ La region´ forma parte de una ma´s extensa, la Sierra Madre de Oaxaca, que por su alta biodiversidad es considerada como prioritaria para la investigacion´ biologica´ y la conservacion.´ Se realizo´ un estudio en la Sierra Mazateca (a alturas de ca. -
Volume 1 of 4
HERBS UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY WASHINGTON, D.C. 20460 OFFICE OF CHEMICAL SAFETY AND POLLUTION PREVENTION MEMORANDUM DATE: June 8, 2015, Updated March 21, 2017 SUBJECT: Crop Grouping – Part XVB: Analysis of the USDA IR-4 Petition to Amend the Crop Group Regulation 40 CFR § 180.41 (c) (26) and Commodity Definitions [40 CFR 180.1 (g)] Related to Crop Group 19 Herb and Spice Group. Emphasis on New Herb Crop Group 25. PC Code: NA DP Barcode: NA Decision No.: NA Registration No.: NA Petition No.: NA Regulatory Action: Crop Grouping Regulation Risk Assessment Type: None Case No.: NA TXR No.: NA CAS No.: NA MRID No.: MRID 474331-01 40 CFR: 180.41 (c) (26) and 180.1 (g) FROM: Bernard A. Schneider, Ph.D., Senior Plant Physiologist Chemistry and Exposure Branch Health Effects Division (7509P) TO: Pete Savoia, Chairperson, HED Chemistry Science Advisory Council (ChemSAC), Health Effects Division (7509P) and Members Jennifer Selwyn, and Monica Le, and Susan Wong, Health Canada, PMRA Alma Liliana Tovar Díaz, Deputy Director of Certification and Recognition Senasica-Sagarpa, Mexico Barbara Madden, Minor Use Officer, Minor Use and Emergency Response Branch (MUERB), Registration Division (7505P) Ramé Cromwell, Policy and Regulatory Services Branch (PRSB), Field and External Affairs Division cc: IR-4 Project, Bill Barney, Jerry Baron, Dan Kunkel, Debbie Carpenter, Van Starner ACTION REQUESTED: William P. Barney, Crop Grouping Project Coordinator, Tracey Switek, and Kathryn Homa, Assistant Coordinators, USDA Interregional Research Project -
Redalyc.LA FAMILIA ASTERACEAE EN EL PARQUE NACIONAL LOS
Acta Botánica Mexicana ISSN: 0187-7151 [email protected] Instituto de Ecología, A.C. México García-Sánchez, Carlos Alberto; Sánchez-González, Arturo; Villaseñor, José Luis LA FAMILIA ASTERACEAE EN EL PARQUE NACIONAL LOS MÁRMOLES, HIDALGO, MÉXICO Acta Botánica Mexicana, núm. 106, 2014, pp. 97-116 Instituto de Ecología, A.C. Pátzcuaro, México Disponible en: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=57429297005 Cómo citar el artículo Número completo Sistema de Información Científica Más información del artículo Red de Revistas Científicas de América Latina, el Caribe, España y Portugal Página de la revista en redalyc.org Proyecto académico sin fines de lucro, desarrollado bajo la iniciativa de acceso abierto Acta Botanica Mexicana 106: 97-116 (2014) LA FAMILIA ASTERACEAE EN EL PARQUE NACIONAL LOS MÁRMOLES, HIDALGO, MÉXICO CARLOS ALBERTO GARCÍA-SÁNCHEZ1, ARTURO SÁNCHEZ-GONZÁLEZ1,3 Y JOSÉ LUIS VILLASEÑOR2 1Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, (UAEH), Ciudad Universitaria; Carretera Pachuca-Tulancingo km. 4.5, 42184 Mineral de la Reforma, Hidalgo, México. 2Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Biología, Departamento de Botánica, Apdo. postal 70-233, 04510 México, D.F., México. 3Autor para la correspondencia: [email protected] RESUMEN Se realizó un inventario de las especies de la familia Asteraceae presentes en el Parque Nacional Los Mármoles (PNM), localizado en la porción noroeste del estado de Hidalgo. En el PNM se reconocen seis tipos de vegetación, predominando los bosques de Pinus-Quercus y de Quercus. Se encontraron 101 especies, distribuidas en 13 tribus y 51 géneros; dos de ellas naturalizadas (exóticas). Los miembros más numerosos son de las tribus Eupatorieae (26), Heliantheae (17), Astereae (11) y Coreopsideae (10). -
Essential Oil of Tagetes Filifolia Against the Flour Beetle Tribolium
AGRISCIENTIA, 2015, VOL. 32 (2): 113-121 Essential oil of Tagetes filifolia against the flour beetle Tribolium castaneum and its relation to acetylcholinesterase activity and lipid peroxidation Olmedo, R.; J.M. Herrera, E.I. Lucini, M.P. Zunino, R.P. Pizzolitto, J.S. Dambolena and J.A. Zygadlo SUMMARY The development of natural insecticides would help to decrease the negative impact of synthetic insecticides. Fumigant toxicity of essential oil of Tagetes filifolia Lag (Asterales: Asteraceae) and its major compounds were evaluated against Tribolium castaneum Herbst (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae). The essential oils were analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. The essential oil and (E)-anethole were the most toxic at 24 h against adult insects (CL50= 2.4 y 2.6 µL/mL water, respectively). Changes in the products of lipid peroxidation were evidenced by an increase in malondialdehyde content. Acetylcholinesterase activity in vitro, of T. castaneum adults, was also reported. (E)-anethole and estragole showed similar acetylcholinesterase inhibition (54 and 63%, respectively at 5 mM). The present study constitutes one of the first contributions to understanding the relationship between the insecticidal action of essential oil and oxidative stress. Keywords: fumigant toxicity, Tagetes filifolia, Tribolium castaneum, lipid peroxidation, acetylcholinesterase activity. Olmedo, R.; J.M. Herrera, E.I. Lucini, M.P. Zunino, R.P. Pizzolitto, J.S. Dambolena y J.A. Zygadlo, 2015. Aceite esencial de Tagetes filifolia contra Tribolium castaneum y su relación con la actividad acetilcoli- nesterasa y peroxidación de lípidos. Agriscientia 32 (2): 113-121 RESUMEN El desarrollo de insecticidas naturales podría ayudar a disminuir el impacto negativo de insecticidas sintéticos.