DOCSLIB.ORG

Xu Et Al Palaeo-3 2014

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Xu Et Al Palaeo-3 2014 Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 395 (2014) 222–232 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/palaeo Cause of Upper Triassic climate crisis revealed by Re–Os geochemistry of Boreal black shales Guangping Xu a,b,⁎, Judith L. Hannah a,b,c,HollyJ.Steina,b,c, Atle Mørk d,e, Jorunn Os Vigran d, Bernard Bingen b, Derek L. Schutt f, Bjørn A. Lundschien g a AIRIE Program, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1482, USA b Geological Survey of Norway, 7491 Trondheim, Norway c CEED, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway d SINTEF Petroleum Research, NO-7465 Trondheim, Norway e Norwegian University of Sciences and Technology, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway f Department of Geosciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1482, USA g Norwegian Petroleum Directorate, NO-4003 Stavanger, Norway article info abstract Article history: The Triassic Period is bracketed by two of the ‘big five’ Phanerozoic mass extinctions. Though long viewed as a Received 2 April 2013 period of climatic stability, emerging data suggest multiple climatic swings and at least one severe ecological cri- Received in revised form 13 December 2013 sis. Linking these climatic instabilities with probable causes is hampered by poor age control within the Triassic Accepted 19 December 2013 time scale. Here we present new Re–Os ages for shale sections straddling Middle–Upper Triassic stage bound- Available online 29 December 2013 aries. Nominal Re–Os isochron ages of 236.6 and 239.3 Ma for the top and base of the Ladinian (upper Middle Triassic) bring absolute time into the contentious Triassic time scale, and place the beginning of the Late Triassic Keywords: 187 188 Triassic about 12 m.y. earlier than previously assigned. A marked decrease in initial Os/ Os in Upper Ladinian shale Ladinian–Carnian boundary records input from Wrangellian flood basalts — an instigator in the Carnian (Late Triassic) Pluvial Event and ac- Kong Karls Land companying radiation of key fossil groups (e.g., dinosaurs and calcareous nanoplankton). An absolute time scale Svalis Dome is proposed for the Anisian–Ladinian–Carnian boundaries based on Re–Os geochronology. Svalbard © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Re–Os geochemistry 1. Introduction a global climate and oceanographic perturbation (Furin et al., 2006; Dal Corso et al., 2012). Accurate age information is essential to interpret The Carnian Stage (Upper Triassic) is characterized by a major eco- processes underlying these biotic crises. logical crisis (Simms and Ruffell, 1989). The crisis began with a major The radiometric time scale for Late Triassic ties the magnetostratigraphy decrease in carbonate productivity in the early Carnian, followed by a of Tethyan marine sections to the cycle-scaled terrestrial Newark significant episode of very humid conditions known as the Carnian Plu- magnetic polarity chrons (Gradstein et al., 2004, 2012). Subsequent vial Event (CPE). The CPE spurred a marked turnover of faunal and floral intervals are scaled assuming equal duration of ammonoid subzones. assemblages in Late Julian (early Carnian). Subsequently, a major ma- Re–Os geochronology for black shales has been successful for rine extinction at the Julian–Tuvalian (Late Carnian) boundary impacted documenting depositional ages and paleoenvironmental changes many ammonoid and conodont taxa, even as some terrestrial groups in- (Cohen and Coe, 2002; Hannah et al., 2004). New Re–Os isochron ages creased in diversity with increasing humidity (Raup and Sepkoski, for stratigraphically well-constrained sedimentary rocks from Triassic 1982; Simms and Ruffell, 1989; Hornung et al., 2007; Dal Corso et al., sections in the Boreal realm are presented. The Ladinian–Carnian 2012). With the return to more arid conditions in the Late Carnian, stage boundary, as defined by palynology and ammonoid fossils, is many water-dependent terrestrial taxa died off, while other groups bracketed using the upper Ladinian Botneheia and lower Carnian (calcareous nanoplankton, scleractinian reef builders, and dinosaurs) Tschermakfjellet formations from east of Kong Karls Land in the north- expanded rapidly (Furin et al., 2006). The cause of the Carnian crisis is ern Barents Sea. These new ages, along with our recent age constraints not fully understood (Preto et al., 2010), but the prevailing explanation on the Anisian–Ladinian stage boundary (Xu et al., 2009), confirm re- is that volcanism related to the Wrangellian oceanic plateau, now ac- cent revisions proposed for the controversial Middle–Late Triassic creted to the Cordilleran margin of North America, could have triggered time scale (Ogg et al., 2008; Gradstein et al., 2012). In addition, the data define variations in the initial seawater 187Os/188Os ratio, a tracer for global changes in magmatism, continental weathering, and ⁎ Corresponding author at: AIRIE Program, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1482, USA. Tel.: +1 970 491 3816; fax: +1 970 491 6307. atmospheric chemistry (Cohen and Coe, 2002; Cohen et al., 2004; 187 188 E-mail address: [email protected] (G. Xu). Hannah et al., 2004). A sharp drop in initial Os/ Os ratios in the 0031-0182/$ – see front matter © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2013.12.027 G. Xu et al. / Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 395 (2014) 222–232 223 early–mid Carnian may reflect atmospheric and oceanic input from may be within the upper part of drill core 7831/02-U-01 or lower part of Wrangellian flood basalts, affirming their role as a trigger for the 7831/02-U-01 (Fig. 2, Table S1 and Vigran et al., in press). Carnian Pluvial Event and accompanying Carnian ecological crisis. The upper part of core 7831/02-U-01 (from 19 to 14 m depth) differs lithologically from core 7831/02-U-02; it belongs to Tschermakfjellet Formation which grades into the De Geerdalen Formation (Riis et al., 2. Description of samples and stratigraphy 2008)(Figs. 1b,c and 2). The Tschermakfjellet Formation consists of gray, non-bituminous shales in a coarsening-upwards sequence Shales from two shallow stratigraphic drillholes (7831/02-U-01 reflecting prodeltaic conditions. These shales have only moderate or- and 7831/02-U-02), cored by the Norwegian Petroleum Directorate ganic contents compared to the underlying core (Fig. 3) and are similar east of Kong Karls Land (Riis et al., 2008), were sampled for Re–Os to the Tschermakfjellet Formation as seen on Edgeøya (Lock et al., dating (Fig. 1). The 7831/02-U-02 core represents the Botneheia 1978), with sparse fossils and siderite beds, and abundant pyrite nod- Formation, which comprises organic-rich shale containing cherty hori- ules. The presence of the Aulisporites astigmosus Composite Assemblage zons and phosphate nodules. The units are markedly similar to expo- Zone in this interval indicates an early Carnian age (Table S1) (Vigran sures in eastern Svalbard (Krajewski, 2008; Riis et al., 2008) where the et al., in press). The gray shales in the lower part of the core 7831/02- Botneheia Formation is ca. 90–110 m thick and spans lower Anisian to U-01 (from 28 to 19 m depth) contain sparse phosphate nodules and upper Ladinian deposition. Its upper part, known as the Blanknuten cherty horizons, as observed more abundantly in the dark shales of Member, is a notably organic-rich, calcareous black shale with locally the Botneheia Formation in core 7831/02-U-02 and at Edgeøya abundant phosphate nodules. The formation was deposited in a re- (Krajewski, 2008). The lower part of core 7831/02-U-01 may represent gressive and mostly anoxic restricted shelf environment (Mørk et al., a gradual transition from the Botneheia to phosphate- and chert-free 1999; Krajewski, 2008). The lithology of core 7831/02-U-02 resembles Tschermakfjellet Formation. Palynological evidence at the base of core that of the Blanknuten Member on Edgeøya (Krajewski, 2008). Three 7831/02-U-01 as in the core below is equivocal, permitting either a 14–18 cm intervals of black shale from the Botneheia Formation were late Ladinian or early Carnian age (Table S1). The clear shift in sedimen- sampled from 7831/02-U-02 (Fig. 2). tary regime between the two cores resembles the stratigraphic succes- The recognition of the Echinitosporites iliacoides Composite sion on eastern Svalbard (Lock et al., 1978; Mørk et al., 1999; Krajewski, Assemblage Zone indicates that the lower part of core 7831/02-U-02, 2008). Two sampled intervals, 27 and 31 cm thick, in 7831/02-U-01 from 18.79 to 13.88 m, is Ladinian (Table S1) (Vigran et al., in press). were taken from the best laminated sections between 20.74 and The ammonoid ex gr. Nathorstites sp. Juv. was found in a phosphate 19.13 m (Fig. 2). nodule at 12.32–12.27 m of core 7831/02-U-02 (Fig. S1), which can be Riis et al. (2008) proposed that prodelta shales of the of late Ladinian (Nathorstites mclearni) or early Carnian age (Nathorstites Tschermakfjellet Formation prograded from SE to NW. Lithostratigra- lindstroemi and Nathorstites mcconnelli). Nathorstites specimens from phy and biostratigraphy together (Weitschat and Dagys, 1989) show core 7831/02-U-02 have globular internal whorls which indicate a late that the base of the Tschermakfjellet Formation and its equivalents, Ladinian age (Wolfgang Weitschat, personal communication, 2007). the Skuld and Snadd formations, are time-transgressive (Fig. 1c). The deposits from the upper part of the 7831/02-U-02 core (11.43 to The Global
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Conodonts and Foraminifers
    Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 108 (2015) 117–135 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Journal of Asian Earth Sciences journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/jseaes An integrated biostratigraphy (conodonts and foraminifers) and chronostratigraphy (paleomagnetic reversals, magnetic susceptibility, elemental chemistry, carbon isotopes and geochronology) for the Permian–Upper Triassic strata of Guandao section, Nanpanjiang Basin, south China ⇑ Daniel J. Lehrmann a, , Leanne Stepchinski a, Demir Altiner b, Michael J. Orchard c, Paul Montgomery d, Paul Enos e, Brooks B. Ellwood f, Samuel A. Bowring g, Jahandar Ramezani g, Hongmei Wang h, Jiayong Wei h, Meiyi Yu i, James D. Griffiths j, Marcello Minzoni k, Ellen K. Schaal l,1, Xiaowei Li l, Katja M. Meyer l,2, Jonathan L. Payne l a Geoscience Department, Trinity University, San Antonio, TX 78212, USA b Department of Geological Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Ankara 06531, Turkey c Natural Resources Canada-Geological Survey of Canada, Vancouver, British Columbia V6B 5J3, Canada d Chevron Upstream Europe, Aberdeen, Scotland, UK e Department of Geology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA f Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA g Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA h Guizhou Geological Survey, Bagongli, Guiyang 550011, Guizhou Province, China i College of Resource and Environment Engineering, Guizhou University, Caijiaguan, Guiyang 550003, Guizhou Province, China j Chemostrat Ltd., 2 Ravenscroft Court, Buttington Cross Enterprise Park, Welshpool, Powys SY21 8SL, UK k Shell International Exploration and Production, 200 N. Dairy Ashford, Houston, TX 77079, USA l Department of Geological and Environmental Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA article info abstract Article history: The chronostratigraphy of Guandao section has served as the foundation for numerous studies of the Received 13 October 2014 end-Permian extinction and biotic recovery in south China.
    [Show full text]
  • A New Archosauriform Reptile with Distinctive Teeth from the Middle Triassic (Ladinian) of Germany
    Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology ISSN: (Print) (Online) Journal homepage: https://www.tandfonline.com/loi/ujvp20 A new archosauriform reptile with distinctive teeth from the Middle Triassic (Ladinian) of Germany Hans-Dieter Sues , Rainer R. Schoch , Gabriela Sobral & Randall B. Irmis To cite this article: Hans-Dieter Sues , Rainer R. Schoch , Gabriela Sobral & Randall B. Irmis (2020) A new archosauriform reptile with distinctive teeth from the Middle Triassic (Ladinian) of Germany, Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 40:1, e1764968, DOI: 10.1080/02724634.2020.1764968 To link to this article: https://doi.org/10.1080/02724634.2020.1764968 View supplementary material Published online: 23 Jun 2020. Submit your article to this journal Article views: 200 View related articles View Crossmark data Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at https://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=ujvp20 Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology e1764968 (14 pages) The work of Hans–Dieter Sues was authored as part of his official duties as an Employee of the United States Government and is therefore a work of the United States Government. In accordance with 17 USC. 105, no copyright protection is available for such works under US Law. Rainer R. Schoch, Gabriela Sobral and Randall B. Irmis hereby waive their right to assert copyright, but not their right to be named as co–authors in the article. DOI: 10.1080/02724634.2020.1764968 ARTICLE A NEW ARCHOSAURIFORM REPTILE WITH DISTINCTIVE TEETH FROM THE MIDDLE TRIASSIC (LADINIAN) OF GERMANY HANS-DIETER SUES, *,1 RAINER R. SCHOCH, 2 GABRIELA SOBRAL, 2 and RANDALL B. IRMIS3 1Department of Paleobiology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, MRC 121, P.O.
    [Show full text]
  • Microbialite-Dominated Fossil Associations in Cipit Boulders from Alpe Di Specie and Misurina (St. Cassian Formation, Middle to Upper Triassic, Dolomites, NE Italy)
    PUBLICACIÓN CONTINUA ARTÍCULO ORIGINAL © 2019 Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). TIP Revista Especializada en Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, 22: 1-18, 2019. DOI: 10.22201/fesz.23958723e.2019.0.171 Microbialite-dominated fossil associations in Cipit Boulders from Alpe di Specie and Misurina (St. Cassian Formation, Middle to Upper Triassic, Dolomites, NE Italy) Francisco Sánchez-Beristain1* and Joachim Reitner2 1Museo de Paleontología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Circuito Exterior S/N. Ciudad Universitaria. Coyoacán 04510. Ciudad de México, México. 2Geowissenschaftliches Zentrum der Universität Göttingen, Abt. Geobiologie, Goldschmidtstraße 3. 37077 Göttingen, Germany. E-mail: *[email protected] Abstract In this paper we describe four new fossil associations of “reef” and “reef”-like environments of the St. Cassian Formation (Ladinian-Carnian, Dolomites, NE Italy), based on thirty thin sections from 10 “Cipit boulders” olistoliths, which slided from the Cassian platform into coeval basin sediments. The fossil associations were determined by means of microfacies analysis using point-counting and visual estimation, as well as with aid of statistical methods, based on all fractions with a biotic significance (biomorpha and microbialites). Cluster Analyses in Q-Mode were performed, coupling three algorithms and two indices. In all samples, the main components of the framework are microbialite (average of 75%), and macrofossils (average of 20%), whereas cements and allochtonous components, such as allomicrite, do not represent a significant fraction. Based on both microbialite and fossil content, Chaetetid–microencruster Association, Microbialite–microencruster Association, Dual-type Microbialite Association and Microbialite–Terebella Association, were differentiated.
    [Show full text]
  • How to Cite Complete Issue More Information About This Article
    TIP. Revista especializada en ciencias químico-biológicas ISSN: 1405-888X ISSN: 2395-8723 Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Facultad de Estudios Superiores, Plantel Zaragoza Sánchez-Beristain, Francisco; Reitner, Joachim Microbialite-dominated fossil associations in Cipit Boulders from Alpe di Specie and Misurina (St. Cassian Formation, Middle to Upper Triassic, Dolomites, NE Italy) TIP. Revista especializada en ciencias químico-biológicas, vol. 22, 2019 Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Facultad de Estudios Superiores, Plantel Zaragoza DOI: 10.22201/fesz.23958723e.2019.0.171 Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=43265210003 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System Redalyc More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America and the Caribbean, Spain and Journal's webpage in redalyc.org Portugal Project academic non-profit, developed under the open access initiative PUBLICACIÓN CONTINUA ARTÍCULO ORIGINAL © 2019 Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). TIP Revista Especializada en Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, 22: 1-18, 2019. DOI: 10.22201/fesz.23958723e.2019.0.171 Microbialite-dominated fossil associations in Cipit Boulders from Alpe di Specie and Misurina (St. Cassian Formation, Middle to Upper Triassic, Dolomites, NE Italy) Francisco Sánchez-Beristain1* and Joachim Reitner2 1Museo de Paleontología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Circuito Exterior S/N. Ciudad Universitaria. Coyoacán 04510. Ciudad de México, México. 2Geowissenschaftliches Zentrum der Universität Göttingen, Abt. Geobiologie, Goldschmidtstraße 3. 37077 Göttingen, Germany. E-mail: *[email protected] Abstract In this paper we describe four new fossil associations of “reef” and “reef”-like environments of the St.
    [Show full text]
  • Gondwana Vertebrate Faunas of India: Their Diversity and Intercontinental Relationships
    438 Article 438 by Saswati Bandyopadhyay1* and Sanghamitra Ray2 Gondwana Vertebrate Faunas of India: Their Diversity and Intercontinental Relationships 1Geological Studies Unit, Indian Statistical Institute, 203 B. T. Road, Kolkata 700108, India; email: [email protected] 2Department of Geology and Geophysics, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur 721302, India; email: [email protected] *Corresponding author (Received : 23/12/2018; Revised accepted : 11/09/2019) https://doi.org/10.18814/epiiugs/2020/020028 The twelve Gondwanan stratigraphic horizons of many extant lineages, producing highly diverse terrestrial vertebrates India have yielded varied vertebrate fossils. The oldest in the vacant niches created throughout the world due to the end- Permian extinction event. Diapsids diversified rapidly by the Middle fossil record is the Endothiodon-dominated multitaxic Triassic in to many communities of continental tetrapods, whereas Kundaram fauna, which correlates the Kundaram the non-mammalian synapsids became a minor components for the Formation with several other coeval Late Permian remainder of the Mesozoic Era. The Gondwana basins of peninsular horizons of South Africa, Zambia, Tanzania, India (Fig. 1A) aptly exemplify the diverse vertebrate faunas found Mozambique, Malawi, Madagascar and Brazil. The from the Late Palaeozoic and Mesozoic. During the last few decades much emphasis was given on explorations and excavations of Permian-Triassic transition in India is marked by vertebrate fossils in these basins which have yielded many new fossil distinct taxonomic shift and faunal characteristics and vertebrates, significant both in numbers and diversity of genera, and represented by small-sized holdover fauna of the providing information on their taphonomy, taxonomy, phylogeny, Early Triassic Panchet and Kamthi fauna.
    [Show full text]
  • Was a Global Carnian Pluvial Event Responsible for the Origin of the Dinosaurs?
    Geophysical Research Abstracts Vol. 21, EGU2019-13185, 2019 EGU General Assembly 2019 © Author(s) 2019. CC Attribution 4.0 license. Was a global Carnian Pluvial Event responsible for the origin of the dinosaurs? Randall Irmis (1), Adriana Mancuso (2), Cecilia Benavente (2), Jessica Whiteside (3), and Roland Mundil (4) (1) Natural History Museum of Utah and Department of Geology & Geophysics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84108-1214, USA ([email protected]), (2) Instituto Argentino de Nivología Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales (IANIGLA), CONICET, Mendoza, 5500, Argentina, (3) Ocean and Earth Science, National Oceanography Centre Southampton, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO14 3ZH, United Kingdom, (4) Berkeley Geochronology Center, Berkeley, CA 94709, USA The Late Triassic Period was a pivotal time in Earth history during a hothouse world with high atmospheric CO2, and included the origin of many animal groups that dominated ecosystems for the rest of the Mesozoic. One sud- den climate event during this time that has received renewed attention is the Carnian Pluvial Event (CPE) (or Humid Phase/Wet Intermezzo), which some recent authors suggest was responsible for the origin and early di- versification of dinosaurs. The CPE began during the middle Julian (>231 Ma), and is associated with warming, increased precipitation, perturbation of the carbon cycle, enhanced weathering, and disruption of the carbonate factory. Most of this evidence comes from marine sections in the Tethys region, so the global extent of the CPE is poorly supported. Furthermore, precise and accurate absolute age constraints for key CPE sections are lacking. To help rectify this situation, we present new multiproxy paleoenvironmental evidence from Carnian lacustrine strata in Argentina (∼45◦S paleolatitude) calibrated by a new high-precision U-Pb CA-TIMS zircon age from an interbedded tuff.
    [Show full text]
  • The Magnetobiostratigraphy of the Middle Triassic and the Latest Early Triassic from Spitsbergen, Arctic Norway Mark W
    Intercalibration of Boreal and Tethyan time scales: the magnetobiostratigraphy of the Middle Triassic and the latest Early Triassic from Spitsbergen, Arctic Norway Mark W. Hounslow,1 Mengyu Hu,1 Atle Mørk,2,6 Wolfgang Weitschat,3 Jorunn Os Vigran,2 Vassil Karloukovski1 & Michael J. Orchard5 1 Centre for Environmental Magnetism and Palaeomagnetism, Geography, Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Bailrigg, Lancaster, LA1 4YQ, UK 2 SINTEF Petroleum Research, NO-7465 Trondheim, Norway 3 Geological-Palaeontological Institute and Museum, University of Hamburg, Bundesstrasse 55, DE-20146 Hamburg, Germany 5 Geological Survey of Canada, 101-605 Robson Street, Vancouver, BC, V6B 5J3, Canada 6 Department of Geology and Mineral Resources Engineering, Norwegian University of Sciences and Technology, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway Keywords Abstract Ammonoid biostratigraphy; Boreal; conodonts; magnetostratigraphy; Middle An integrated biomagnetostratigraphic study of the latest Early Triassic to Triassic. the upper parts of the Middle Triassic, at Milne Edwardsfjellet in central Spitsbergen, Svalbard, allows a detailed correlation of Boreal and Tethyan Correspondence biostratigraphies. The biostratigraphy consists of ammonoid and palynomorph Mark W. Hounslow, Centre for Environmental zonations, supported by conodonts, through some 234 m of succession in two Magnetism and Palaeomagnetism, adjacent sections. The magnetostratigraphy consists of 10 substantive normal— Geography, Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Bailrigg, Lancaster, LA1 reverse polarity chrons, defined by sampling at 150 stratigraphic levels. The 4YQ, UK. E-mail: [email protected] magnetization is carried by magnetite and an unidentified magnetic sulphide, and is difficult to fully separate from a strong present-day-like magnetization. doi:10.1111/j.1751-8369.2008.00074.x The biomagnetostratigraphy from the late Olenekian (Vendomdalen Member) is supplemented by data from nearby Vikinghøgda.
    [Show full text]
  • Review Articlemiddle Triassic (Anisian-Ladinian) Tejra Red Beds
    Marine and Petroleum Geology 79 (2017) 222e256 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Marine and Petroleum Geology journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/marpetgeo Review article Middle Triassic (Anisian-Ladinian) Tejra red beds and Late Triassic (Carnian) carbonate sedimentary records of southern Tunisia, Saharan Platform: Biostratigraphy, sedimentology and implication on regional stratigraphic correlations * Mohamed Soussi a, , Grzegorz Niedzwiedzki b, Mateusz Tałanda c, Dawid Drozd_ z_ c, d, Tomasz Sulej d, Kamel Boukhalfa a, e, Janusz Mermer c,Błazej_ Błazejowski_ d a University of Tunis El Manar, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Geology, 2092 Tunis, Tunisia b Uppsala University, Department of Organismal Biology, Evolutionary Biology Center, Norbyvagen€ 18A, 752 36 Uppsala, Sweden c _ University of Warsaw, Faculty of Biology, Department of Paleobiology and Evolution, Biological and Chemical Research Centre, Zwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warszawa, Poland d Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Paleobiology, Twarda 51/55, 00-818 Warsaw, Poland e University of Gabes, Faculty of Sciences of Gabes, City Riadh, Zerig 6029, Gabes, Tunisia article info abstract Article history: The “red beds” of the Triassic succession outcropping at Tejra-Medenine (southern Tunisia, Saharan Received 10 July 2016 Platform) have yielded rich fossil assemblages of both freshwater and brackish-marine invertebrates and Received in revised form vertebrates. The new discovered fauna indicates an Anisian-Lower Ladinian age for the Tejra section. Its 11 October 2016 lowermost part is considered as equivalent of Ouled Chebbi Formation, while the medium and upper Accepted 20 October 2016 parts are considered as equivalent of the Kirchaou Formation. Both sedimentological characteristics and Available online 22 October 2016 fossil assemblages indicate the increasing marine influences within the middle part of the section and the migration of brackish and freshwater fauna into the lacustrine/playa environment at the top.
    [Show full text]
  • What Really Happened in the Late Triassic?
    Historical Biology, 1991, Vol. 5, pp. 263-278 © 1991 Harwood Academic Publishers, GmbH Reprints available directly from the publisher Printed in the United Kingdom Photocopying permitted by license only WHAT REALLY HAPPENED IN THE LATE TRIASSIC? MICHAEL J. BENTON Department of Geology, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1RJ, U.K. (Received January 7, 1991) Major extinctions occurred both in the sea and on land during the Late Triassic in two major phases, in the middle to late Carnian and, 12-17 Myr later, at the Triassic-Jurassic boundary. Many recent reports have discounted the role of the earlier event, suggesting that it is (1) an artefact of a subsequent gap in the record, (2) a complex turnover phenomenon, or (3) local to Europe. These three views are disputed, with evidence from both the marine and terrestrial realms. New data on terrestrial tetrapods suggests that the late Carnian event was more important than the end-Triassic event. For tetrapods, the end-Triassic extinction was a whimper that was followed by the radiation of five families of dinosaurs and mammal- like reptiles, while the late Carnian event saw the disappearance of nine diverse families, and subsequent radiation of 13 families of turtles, crocodilomorphs, pterosaurs, dinosaurs, lepidosaurs and mammals. Also, for many groups of marine animals, the Carnian event marked a more significant turning point in diversification than did the end-Triassic event. KEY WORDS: Triassic, mass extinction, tetrapod, dinosaur, macroevolution, fauna. INTRODUCTION Most studies of mass extinction identify a major event in the Late Triassic, usually placed at the Triassic-Jurassic boundary.
    [Show full text]
  • Università Degli Studi Di Milano
    1 UNIVERSITÀ DEGLI STUDI DI MILANO DOTTORATO DI RICERCA IN SCIENZE DELLA TERRA Ciclo XXXII DIPARTIMENTO DI SCIENZE DELLA TERRA TESI DI DOTTORATO DI RICERCA EARLY CARNIAN AMMONOIDS FROM NEVADA: REVISED TAXONOMY, EVOLUTIONARY TRENDS AND USEFULNESS FOR THE DEFINITION OF THE LATE TRIASSIC TIME SCALE RUBEN MARCHESI Matr. n. R11510 Tutore: Prof. MARCO BALINI Coordinatore: Prof. FERNANDO CAMARA ARTIGAS Anno Accademico 2018-2019 1 2 2 3 Abstract ................................................................................................................................................ 5 Introduction to the biochronostratigraphy of the Upper Ladinian and Lower Carnian ................ 7 1.1 - Basic concepts ............................................................................................................................. 7 1.2 - Evolution of the Tethyan and North American upper Ladinian – Lower Carnian chronostratigraphic scale ...................................................................................................................... 9 1.3 - Carnian Stage GSSP and open problems ................................................................................... 12 Studied localities: geological and structural setting.......................................................................... 15 2.1 - Regional geological and structural setting ................................................................................. 15 2.2 - South Canyon............................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • On the Causes of Mass Extinctions
    ÔØ ÅÒÙ×Ö ÔØ On the causes of mass extinctions David P.G. Bond, Stephen E. Grasby PII: S0031-0182(16)30691-5 DOI: doi: 10.1016/j.palaeo.2016.11.005 Reference: PALAEO 8040 To appear in: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology Received date: 16 August 2016 Revised date: 2 November 2016 Accepted date: 5 November 2016 Please cite this article as: Bond, David P.G., Grasby, Stephen E., On the causes of mass extinctions, Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology (2016), doi: 10.1016/j.palaeo.2016.11.005 This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT On the causes of mass extinctions David P.G. Bond1* and Stephen E. Grasby2, 3 1School of Environmental Sciences, University of Hull, Hull, HU6 7RX, United Kingdom 2Geological Survey of Canada, 3303 33rd St. N.W. Calgary AB Canada, T2L 2A7. 3Department of Geoscience, University of Calgary, Calgary AB Canada. *Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected] (D. Bond). ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT ABSTRACT The temporal link between large igneous province (LIP) eruptions and at least half of the major extinctions of the Phanerozoic implies that large scale volcanism is the main driver of mass extinction.
    [Show full text]
  • And Correlation to the Late Triassic Newark Astrochronological Polarity Time Scale
    Tethyan magnetostratigraphy from Pizzo Mondello (Sicily) and correlation to the Late Triassic Newark astrochronological polarity time scale Giovanni Muttoni† Department of Earth Sciences, University of Milan, Via Mangiagalli 34, I-20133 Milan, Italy Dennis V. Kent Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Palisades, New York 10964, USA and Department of Geological Sciences, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA Paul E. Olsen Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Palisades, New York 10964, USA Piero Di Stefano Department of Geology and Geodesy, University of Palermo, Corso Tukory 131, I-90134 Palermo, Italy William Lowrie Stefano M. Bernasconi Fátima Martín Hernández Departement Erdwissenschaften, ETH-Zentrum, CH-8092 Zürich, Switzerland ABSTRACT early part of the Newark APTS. We prefer marine stages, historically based on ammonoid option #2 in which the Carnian-Norian biostratigraphy, to continental successions. For We present the magnetostratigraphy and boundary based on conodonts, as well as the Late Triassic, an astrochronology anchored stable isotope stratigraphy from an expanded its closely associated positive δ13C shift, cor- to magnetostratigraphy and radiometric dates is (~430-m-thick) Upper Triassic marine lime- respond to Newark magnetozone E7 at ca. available from the Newark continental section stone section at Pizzo Mondello, Sicily, and 228–227 Ma (adopting Newark astrochronol- (Kent et al., 1995; Kent and Olsen, 1999; Olsen review published biostratigraphic informa- ogy), implying a long Norian with a duration and Kent, 1999), while magnetostratigraphy is tion that can be used to defi ne the location of ~20 m.y., and a Rhaetian of ~6 m.y. dura- thus far available in conjunction with marine of the conodont Carnian-Norian and Norian- tion.
    [Show full text]