DOCSLIB.ORG

The Traveling Government

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Traveling Government TA’IF’S GOVERNMENTS BY POLITICAL AND CONFESSIONAL SHARES CATHOLIC PATRIARCHS July 2011 | BUYING CARS FOR THE GOVERNMENT: THE LAW ALLOWS 11 AND 2,000 WERE 108 PURCHASED! www.iimonthly.com # Published by Information International sal THE MONTHLY INTERVIEWS issue number LEA SEDNAOUI THE TRAVELING GOVERNMENT Lebanon 5,000LL | Saudi Arabia 15SR | UAE 15DHR | Jordan 2JD| Syria 75SYP | Iraq 3,500IQD | Kuwait 1.5KD | Qatar 15QR | Bahrain 2BD | Oman 2OR | Yemen 15YRI | Egypt 10EP | Europe 5Euros INDEX 4 LEADER: THE TRAVELING GOVERNMENT 14 TA’IF’S GOVERNMENTS BY POLITICAL AND CONFESSIONAL SHARES 16 BANKS IN LEBANON, MOST ARE FAMILY OWNED 19 CATHOLIC PATRIARCHS 20 HOW DOES ONE BECOME A MONK OR A PRIEST? 22 MINISTRY OF NATIONAL DEFENSE 24 BUYING CARS FOR THE GOVERNMENT: Page 34 Page 32 THE LAW ALLOWS 11 AND 2,000 WERE PURCHASED! 26 MILITARY IMMUNITY 27 SYNDICATE OF TRAVEL AND TOURISM AGENCIES 29 PERIPHERAL MANIFESTATIONS BY DR. HANNA SAADAH Page 16 30 BUDDHISTS, YOGIS AND THE TRIBE OF COGNITIVE AND BRAIN SCIENTISTS BY DR. SAMAR ZEBIAN 42 INDICTMENT AND FALSE WITNESSES 31 BOLD EXPERIMENTS IN THE DNA REVIVAL BY ANTOINE BOUTROS 43 MAY 2011 TIMELINE IN LEBANON 32 THE MONTHLY INTERVIEWS LEA SEDNAOUI 46 THE PALESTINE SECURITIES EXCHANGE: STILL SURVIVING! 34 THE GOETHE-INSTITUTE 47 REAL ESTATE INDEX IN LEBANON-MAY 2011 36 POPULAR CULTURE 48 FOOD PRICE INDEX - MAY 2011 37 MYTH #47: AGGRESSION AND VIOLENT VIDEO GAMES 50 DEPRESSION 38 MUST-READ BOOKS: THE BIBLE CAME FROM 50 BEIRUT RAFIC HARIRI INTERNATIONAL ARABIA AIRPORT - MAY 2011 39 MUST-READ CHILDREN’S BOOK: “MARTINE AT 51 LEBANON STATS THE PARK” 40 LEBANON FAMILIES: AAZOURI FAMILIES 41 DISCOVER LEBANON: QARAOUN 3 | EDITORIAL ADMA NASSIF TOPPLES THE CONFESSIONAL SYSTEM Perhaps she has seen it all: the Baghdad Pact and Gamal Abdel Nasser’s era, the blooming of new ideas in young Arab generations, the emergence of the tribes of Hashid, Bakil, Taghlib and Tamim, and Al Qardawi and Al Jazeera, the widening schism between the “Sunni” and the “Shia’a”, the division of Sudan and Yemen and Iraq and potentially Syria, the rise of Erdogan who is sitting on Iskenderun and more and Netanyahu who is sitting on Palestine and more, the bankruptcy of Egypt and splurging Qatar that is to spend $100 billion on a football game, to Abu Dhabi, who is oblivious to the rights of its migrant workers but is highly concerned about human rights in Syria, to the Ba’ath party’s tedious rhetoric since it gained power in Iraq in 1968 until 2003 and in Syria since 1963, to Ghazi Kanaan and Rustum Ghazaleh ruling with Lebanese Zua’ama who now curse them, to the dissipation of the SSNP that seems to be always fascinated by the genius of Kanaan and Ghazaleh and their heirs, to the proud confrontation with Israel in 2006, to the demise of Ben Ali and Mubarak, and until her last breath in May 2011, Adma Nassif succeeded in bringing down the confessional system. Adma Youssef Eliyya Nassif was born (Christian) in 1930 in Miqless, now Syria. She grew up in Mar Marita near Al Hosn fortress in Wadi Al Nasara. Had patriarch Howayek (who feared an Orthodox majority) agreed, General Gouraud would have managed to include the Wadi within Greater Lebanon and Mar Marita would have been, along with Homs, Tel Kelekh, Wadi Khaled and Trablous, in ”our glorious country of co-existence.” She was imprisoned in Mazzeh in Damascus and in Fayyadiyyeh and Al Mir Bachir in Beirut. But she was always free. Adma and Nehmeh Hamadeh (born Shia’a in Hermel, now Lebanon) “made a pact” to achieve a higher cause worthy of their existence. They dreamt of a nation and “generations that are yet to be born.” Nehmeh Hamadeh was a revolutionary in his society, confession and tribe and Adma was his partner even before they met. Adma Nassif toppled the confessional system without using Twitter or Facebook and she did it 4 [[ !"#"% %&[&#'*++/5& when she was told that Islam was the way to rest next to her husband who is buried in the Shia’a Hamadeh Cemetery in Hermel and she answered: Why not? Adma witnessed a time where accusations of heresy did not play a role, neither did dictatorship or oil. Then she lived to see destruction and oppression but she kept on dreaming of a renaissance. Adma Youssef Eliyya Nassif: Syrian, Lebanese, Christian, Muslim, Shia’a, a member of the SSNP said no to her party when it failed to meet her expectations and no to confessional institutions, and yes to Jesus and Mohammad, in her own way. From Miqless, the Eastern mountain of Wadi Al Hosn in Latikiyyah, to Hermel in the Beqa’a valley, &##&%'7[& partner and stand by him. Political parties, Arab regimes and tribes and new generations would do well to learn from Adma’s experience, who, for a free Palestine and a united region, crossed all traditional boundaries. issue 108 - July 2011 4 | LEADER THE TRAVELING GOVERNMENT THE TRAVELING GOVERNMENT n November 9, 2009, a new Lebanese government was formed presided by Saad Hariri, calling itself “the government of progress and development.” It promised a number of achievements, it did not last long Oand the resignation of one third of its ministers on January 13, 2011, lead to its dissolution. It did not last long and did not achieve much of what it had promised for a number of reasons including \%%&/<=>O% of progress and development” it should have been named “the traveling government.” It was a “traveling government” oblivious to the citizens’ needs. U&&#&VXX%#&* apologize in advance for the limited missing information concerning Sundays and holidays). Only a limited number of these trips were actually approved by the Cabinet. A large number were unnecessary and it would &#=&# known; perhaps they were for personal reasons or interests, as the Cabinet was often unaware of them and therefore did not approve them. It is not only ministers who traveled considerably but the PM did so as well. The ministers and the PM were often abroad thus deserving the title of “traveling government.” Following the government’s resignation, Saad Hariri traveled to +7<VVVX'*\!VX5=]& '=%+%&#&= PM Saad Hariri’s trips The Hariri government, which was formed on November 9, 2009, and resigned on January 13, 2011, had a lifespan &^V'=R"`''#'' amounting to a third of the time he spent as Prime Minister. +&#&#&& visited more than once. What is noteworthy about these trips is that they often fell short of advisers and only a few were accompanied by a ministerial delegation to discuss the Lebanese issues. The law stipulates that a PM or minister should have the permission of the Cabinet before he/she travels. This was not the case for Saad Hariri. Table 1 illustrates PM Saad Hariri’s trips throughout his mandate between November 9, 2009, and January 13, 2011. [#&%%&+7#|+}]"'= PM Hariri’s trips during his mandate Table 1 Departure Arrival Destination Purpose of travel First official visit abroad. He was welcomed by Saudi Minister of Culture and Dec 11, 2009 Dec 14, 2009 Saudi Arabia Information Abdel Aziz Khoja and he met with the King. Presided Lebanon’s delegation to the summit on global climate change. He Dec 15, 2009 Dec 18, 2009 Denmark was accompanied by a delegation of ministers Dec 19, 2009 Dec 20, 2001 Syria Talks with president Bashar Al Assad on his first visit to Syria Dec 24, 2009 Dec 27, 2009 France Private visit Dec 31, 2009 Jan 4, 2010 Saudi Arabia Private visit Jan 6, 2010 Jan 6, 2010 Jordan Official visit with advisers and met with the King Official visit with a delegation of ministers. It included the signature of a Jan 10, 2010 Jan 12, 2010 Turkey number of agreements Jan 17, 2010 Jan 18, 2010 UAE Official visit with advisers Official visit with a delegation of ministers. It included the signature of a Jan 20, 2010 Jan 22, 2010 France number of agreements issue 108 | The Monthly is published by Information International s.a.l. THE TRAVELING GOVERNMENT LEADER | 5 PM Hariri’s trips during his mandate Table 1 Departure Arrival Destination Purpose of travel Jan 27, 2010 Jan 28, 2010 Egypt Official visit with advisers and met with the president Feb 19, 2010 Feb 21, 2010 Vatican Official visit accompanied by his family and advisers to meet the Pope Feb 28, 2010 March 1, 2010 Qatar Official visit with advisers and met with the prince of Qatar March 7, 2010 March 7, 2010 Kuwait Official visit with advisers and met with the prince of Kuwait March 14, 2010 March 17, 2010 Germany Official visit with advisers March 29, March 28, 2010 Bulgaria Official visit with advisers and businessmen 2010 To offer his condolences following the death of Sheikh Ahmad Bin Zayed Al UAE / Saudi April 2, 2010 April 6, 2010 Nahyan, the brother of Sheikh Khalifa, the president of the UAE. He then went Arabia to Saudi Arabia on a private visit. April 7, 2010 April 9, 2010 Spain Official visit with a delegation of ministers and businessmen April 16, 2010 April 21, 2010 Italy Official visit accompanied by advisers Egypt (Sharm El April 27, 2010 April 27, 2010 Meeting with the Egyptian president Sheikh) May 7, 2010 May 8, 2010 Saudi Arabia To participate in the burial of his wife’s uncle, Bassel Al-Mathfer Al-Morelli May 16, 2010 May 17, 2010 Saudi Arabia Official visit to meet with the Saudi King May 18, 2010 May 18, 2010 Syria Meeting with the Syrian president May 21, 2010 May 21, 2010 Jordan Meeting with the Jordanian King May 22, 2010 May 22, 2010 Egypt Meeting with the Egyptian president May 22, 2010 May 22, 2010 Turkey Meeting with the Turkish prime minister USA To meet the American president with a delegation of ministers and give a May 23, 2010 May 27, 2010 (Washington and speech
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The State of Waste
    Lebanon: the state of waste A research piece for the Heinrich Boel Stiftung by Jacob Boswall Lebanon: the state of waste Contents Introduction……………………………………………………………………………… Page 2 You Stink! How 2015 became the year of the garbage crisis……....…………...… Page 3 Lebanon: the state of waste…………………………………....……....…………...…Page 12 2019: New faces, old patterns……………………….…………..…....…………...… Page 21 1 Lebanon: the state of waste Introduction A visitor to Beirut is likely to experience the foul stench of the Burj Hammoud landfill at least once. Residents living in a three kilometer radius of the site are exposed to more than three times the normal dose of the malodorous compound hydrogen sulfide, the American University of Beirut’s Nature Conservation Center demonstrated in February this year [Figure I].1 Prolonged low level exposure to the gas - which smells of rotten eggs - can lead to “eye inflammation, headache, fatigue, irritability, insomnia, digestive disturbances and weight loss.”2 The stench is one of the more superficial products of Lebanon’s seeming inability to sustainably treat its own waste, which has also resulted in a string of environmental and humanitarian violations including widespread waste burning in the country’s poorer regions. Lebanese residents are no longer able to ignore the waste around them. Sociologist John Scanlan has observed that below the ordered and familiar topography of the city exists a “shadow counterpart” which we rarely think about. This unwelcome shadow “resists our attempts to disconnect from it.”3 The garbage crisis of 2015 exposed this jarring disconnect between the two topographies and along with it, the failure of politicians to provide basic utilities including waste collection and treatment.
    [Show full text]
  • Aging Politicians of Lebanon Aging Politicians of Lebanon
    issue number 154 |May 2015 STATE EMPLOYMENT IN 2014: 69% MUSLIMS VS. 31% CHRISTIANS THE WOMEN OF LEBANON IN STATISTICS THE MONTHLY INTERVIEWS POET JOUMANA CHAHOUD NAJJAR www.monthlymagazine.com Published by Information International sal AGING POLITICIANS OF LEBANON FOUAD BOUTROS: 98 MICHEL EDDEH: 87 ABDUL LATIF ZEIN: 85 MICHEL EL-MURR: 84 Lebanon 5,000LL | Saudi Arabia 15SR | UAE 15DHR | Jordan 2JD| Syria 75SYP | Iraq 3,500IQD | Kuwait 1.5KD | Qatar 15QR | Bahrain 2BD | Oman 2OR | Yemen 15YRI | Egypt 10EP | Europe 5Euros May INDEX 2015 4 AGING POLITICIANS OF LEBANON 10 STATE EMPLOYMENT IN 2014: 69% MUSLIMS VS. 31% CHRISTIANS 12 45 VACANCIES ON BOARDS OF DIRECTORS 15 WHEN WILL MPS ATTEND SESSION ON ELECTIONS? 17 VICTIMS OF GUNFIRE ON OCCASIONS OF JOY OR SORROW 18 PORT OF BEIRUT: PUBLIC SECTOR RUN BY A PROVISIONAL COMMITTEE FOR 25 YEARS P: 30 P: 20 20 THE WOMEN OF LEBANON IN STATISTICS 24 THE NATIONAL ARCHIVES CENTER BUILDING 25 A STAR FROM MY COUNTRY AND WRITERS FROM MY COUNTRY 26 THE EXTENSION OF PARLIAMENT’S TERM SPREADS FROM LEBANON TO YEMEN 27 GEORGE FRAM (1934-2006) P: 18 29 ETHICS AND DEEDS: ANTOINE BOUTROS 30 INTERVIEW: POET JOUMANA CHAHOUD NAJJAR 32 ANERA 45 THIS MONTH IN HISTORY- LEBANON ISRAEL’S WARS ON LEBANON: OPERATION GRAPES 34 POPULAR CULTURE OF WRATH 35 DEBUNKING MYTH#92: WILL SWALLOWED GUM 46 THIS MONTH IN HISTORY- ARAB WORLD STAY IN YOUR SYSTEM FOR YEARS? EXECUTION OF ELI COHEN, THE MOST THREATENING DANGEROUS SPY PLANTED IN SYRIA BY ISRAEL 36 MUST-READ BOOKS: BEIRUT: IMAGES IN MY MEMORY 48 TERRORIST GROUPS PRETENDING TO PIERRE MAADANJIAN STAND FOR ISLAM (4) THE ARMED ISLAMIC GROUP IN ALGERIA 37 MUST-READ CHILDREN’S BOOK: ..WA YAJI’OU YAWMON AKHAR 49 REAL ESTATE PRICES - MARCH 2015 38 LEBANON FAMILIES: TABEEKH FAMILIES 50 DID YOU KNOW THAT?: TOP FIVE LOST TREASURES OF THE WORLD 39 DISCOVER LEBANON: HAZMIEH 50 RAFIC HARIRI INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT 40 DISCOVER THE WORLD: AUSTRIA TRAFFIC - MARCH 2015 41 MARCH 2015 HIGHLIGHTS 51 LEBANON’S STATS |EDITORIAL THE DAWN OF A NEW ERA IN SYRIA Excerpts from chapters 15 and 16 of Margaret Mc.
    [Show full text]
  • EXPATRIÉS: N O 11
    EXPATRIÉS: N o 11. O CTO BRE 19 9 6 So m m a i r e LIBYE: LERÉGIMEDELARIGUEUR34 D E VISU : VIVRE AU-DELÀ DU SIDA EN Ont contribué OU GANDA 38 LES FOU ILLES DE BEY- à ce n um éro ROUTH 62 EXPATRIÉS: LE BOU T DE LA Hanane Abboud, Ziad N. Abdelnour, Paul PISTE XTRÊ A H AMBRE INTROU VABLE Achkar, Jamal Asmar, 68 E - L C Médéa Azouri, Chris- 13-31 tophe Ayad, Fadi MES: D E JU RD ET Bacha, Nabih Badawi, LE SUD SOUS L’ÉTEIGNOIR L’AL- Ayman Bouchri, Irène D’EAU FRAÎCH E 76 Baraké, Nicolas CHIMIE DE LA BÉKAA LE COÛT DES Chammas, Nadine Chehadé, Sophie MIXED MEDIA:LE CAMPAGNES ÉLECTORALES V. F.: LE Dick, Jabbour Douayhi, Paulinho CIEL PAR DESSUS LES TEMPS DES INCERTITUDES D ES Gerere, Myriam OPPOSITIONS ET DE LEURS MÉTHODES Hoballah, Anthony TOITS 82 L’ÉMI- Karam, Houda Kas- RENOUVELLEMENT DES ÉLITES OU satly, Mazen Kerbaj, Charif Majdalani, GRATION LIBANAISE: RÉDUCTION: LE CAS ORTHODOXE Mona Mansour, Farouk Mardam-Bey, ONCE UPON A TIME Nada Moghayzel LE RETOUR DES H ÉROS Nasr, Nada Nassar 44-61 Chaoul, Georges Nas- IN AMERICA 90 sif, Reina Sarkis, N ASSERMANIA, PAS NASSÉRISME LE Farès Sassine, Fawaz H ISTOIRES: LE PAS Traboulsi, Michael RAÏS ENCORE ET TOUJOURS L’ÉTAT- Young DE DEUX DE L’ÉMIR DANS-L’ÉTAT DU CANAL ENTRE ABDEL-KADER ET DE CH E ET LOU PS U N CONSTRUCTEUR L’O RIENT-EXPRESS, D’ESPOIRS ERN EST O AVAN T LA IMM. MEDIA C ENTRE, YOUSSEF BEY KARAM ACCAOUI, LÉGENDE CH IAPAS: RÉVOLUTION B.P.
    [Show full text]
  • Small Decentralized Renewable Energy Power Generation
    United Nations Development Programme Country: Lebanon PROJECT DOCUMENT1 Project Title: Small Decentralized Renewable Energy Power Generation UNDAF Outcome(s): By 2014, improved accessibility and management of natural resources and enhanced response to national and global environmental challenges UNDP Strategic Plan Environment and Sustainable Development Primary Outcome: Increased effective response to climate change reflected in national programmes and external assistance programmes UNDP Strategic Plan Secondary Outcome: Environmental considerations are mainstreamed in sector and local‐level strategies and plans Expected CP Outcome(s): Climate change considerations mainstreamed in national priorities Expected CPAP Output (s):. National sustainable energy strategy developed and its implementation promoted Executing Entity/Implementing Partner: Ministry of Energy and Water Implementing Entity/Responsible Partners: United Nations Development Programme Brief Description The project will catalyze the development of the small, decentralized, grid‐connected renewable energy (RE) power generation market in Lebanon. The target is to facilitate the installation of at least 1.75 MW of new decentralized RE power generation capacity during the lifetime of the project, resulting in direct GHG reduction benefits of approximately 35,500 tonnes of CO2eq. Complementary indirect mitigation benefits are expected from the sustained market growth of decentralized RE power generation investments after the project and from paving the way for larger RE power plants – for example, by clarifying the technical and institutional aspects of connecting RE‐based intermittent power generation sources into the grid and leveraging financing for RE investments from new sources such as carbon and climate financing. This indirect GHG reduction impact of the project has been estimated to range from 317,000 tonnes to over 1.7 million tonnes of CO2eq depending on the assumptions made.
    [Show full text]
  • Hezbollah, the Hidden Side of the Coin the Untold Story of Hezbollah
    Hezbollah, the Hidden Side of the coin The untold Story of Hezbollah Written by : Massoud Mohamed Table of Contents: Research Question: ........................................................................................................................... 2 Is the Media hiding the truth or rather is it mediatizing a carefully crafted Hezbollah message? ............................................................................................................................................. 2 I. How did the Media present Hezbollah? ................................................................................ 2 II. To what extend is that true? And how Hezbollah managed to take over?.................. 2 The Story of Hezbollah which was never told: ........................................................................... 2 “Hezbollah” Significant Name: ........................................................................................... 3 The Islamic State (Shii vergin): ........................................................................................... 3 Why this specific name Hezbollah? .................................................................................. 3 Hezbollah Objectives: ........................................................................................................... 4 Our Objectives: ....................................................................................................................... 4 III. Promoting Hezbollah: ...........................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Political Economy of Education in Lebanon Research for Results Program
    Political Economy of Education in Lebanon Research for Results Program Husein Abdul-Hamid and Mohamed Yassine INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT IN FOCUS INTERNATIONAL INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT IN FOCUS Political Economy of Education in Lebanon Research for Results Program HUSEIN ABDUL-HAMID AND MOHAMED YASSINE © 2020 International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433 Telephone: 202-473-1000; Internet: www.worldbank.org Some rights reserved 1 2 3 4 23 22 21 20 Books in this series are published to communicate the results of Bank research, analysis, and operational experience with the least possible delay. The extent of language editing varies from book to book. This work is a product of the staff of The World Bank with external contributions. The findings, interpre- tations, and conclusions expressed in this work do not necessarily reflect the views of The World Bank, its Board of Executive Directors, or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. The boundaries, colors, denominations, and other infor- mation shown on any map in this work do not imply any judgment on the part of The World Bank con- cerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. Nothing herein shall constitute or be considered to be a limitation upon or waiver of the privileges and immunities of The World Bank, all of which are specifically reserved. Rights and Permissions This work is available under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 IGO license (CC BY 3.0 IGO) http:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo.
    [Show full text]
  • The Promise and Failure of the Zionist-Maronite Relationship, 1920-1948
    The Promise and Failure of the Zionist-Maronite Relationship, 1920-1948 Master’s Thesis Presented to The Faculty of Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Brandeis University Department of Near Eastern and Judaic Studies Ilan Troen, Graduate Advisor In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for Master’s Degree by Scott Abramson February 2012 Acknowledgements I cannot omit the expression of my deepest gratitude to my defense committee, the formidable triumvirate of Professors Troen, Makiya, and Salameh. To register my admiration for these scholars would be to court extravagance (and deplete a printer cartridge), so I shall have to limit myself to this brief tribute of heartfelt thanks. ii ABSTRACT The Promise and Failure of the Zionist-Maronite Relationship, 1920-1948 A thesis presented to the Department of Near Eastern and Judaic Studies Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Brandeis University Waltham, Massachusetts By Scott Abramson Much of the historiography on the intercourse between Palestinian Jews and Lebanese Maronites concerns only the two peoples’ relations in the seventies and eighties. This thesis, in contrast, attempts a departure from this scholarship, joining the handful of other works that chart the history of the Zionist-Maronite relationship in its earliest incarnation. From its inception to its abeyance beginning in 1948, this almost thirty-year relationship was marked by a search of a formal alliance. This thesis, by presenting a panoptical survey of early Zionist-Maronite relations, explores the many dimensions of this pursuit. It details the Zionists and Maronites’ numerous commonalities that made an alliance desirable and apparently possible; it profiles the specific elements among the Zionists and Maronites who sought an entente; it examines each of the measures the two peoples took to this end; and it analyzes why this protracted pursuit ultimately failed.
    [Show full text]
  • The Levant, Mount Lebanon, the Maronite Church
    1 The Levant, Mount Lebanon, the Maronite church The Levant is the term used in the past to designate the group of cities known for their commercial expertise and through which the Europeans paved their way to the east; From Istambul to Iskandariah, all the way through Izmir and Adana (Turkey) and Beirut (Lebanon). These cities were like a melting pot for various cultures where languages, traditions and religions fused together. The Middle East region has been known by different names along history; among which the term Levant, a term coined by the merchants of Pisa (Italy) immediately after the arrival of the Crusaders (in the end of the 11th century) and the term “Land of Syria” which was coined by the inhabitants of the Arabian Peninsula. As for the French, they coined the term Proche Orient meaning Near East; the term Le Levant meaning the Orient or the direction of the sunrise. The Levant has a longitude of about 600 Km going from Iskenderun in Turkey, all along the Mediterranean coast to Gaza in the south; and latitude of about 100 Km going from the geographical depth starting from the sea to the desert borders. Mount Lebanon Among the rise of great nation and empires in history, there lies a beautiful, small and majestic mountain on the coast of the Levant. This mountain known as Mount Lebanon extends along a distance of about 100Km and its highest peak reaches an altitude exceeding 3000m. The Lebanon Mountains belong to a mountain range extending from the south of Mount Taurus in Turkey all the way through the Alawiyin Mountains in Syria, reaching Jabal Amel in the south of Lebanon.
    [Show full text]
  • Durham E-Theses
    Durham E-Theses The making of Lebanese foreign policy: The case of the 2006 Hizballah-Israeli war WILKINS, HENRIETTA,CHARLOTTE How to cite: WILKINS, HENRIETTA,CHARLOTTE (2011) The making of Lebanese foreign policy: The case of the 2006 Hizballah-Israeli war , Durham theses, Durham University. Available at Durham E-Theses Online: http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/775/ Use policy The full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that: • a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in Durham E-Theses • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. Please consult the full Durham E-Theses policy for further details. Academic Support Oce, Durham University, University Oce, Old Elvet, Durham DH1 3HP e-mail: [email protected] Tel: +44 0191 334 6107 http://etheses.dur.ac.uk 2 The making of Lebanese foreign policy: The case of the 2006 Hizballah-Israeli war Henrietta Charlotte Wilkins The thesis is submitted for the degree of doctor of philosophy School of Government and International Affairs University of Durham January 2011 Abstract This thesis assesses the relevance of Waltz and Wendt’s systemic theories of international relations for understanding Lebanon’s international political behaviour during the 2006 war. It tests the hypothesis that substate factors, especially identity, are more important than systemic factors for affecting the conditions against which states make foreign policy-decisions.
    [Show full text]
  • Théorie Juridique Des Régimes Parlementaires Mixtes Constitution Libanaise Et Pacte National En Perspective Comparée
    Théorie juridique des régimes parlementaires mixtes Constitution libanaise et Pacte national en perspective comparée Antoine Nasri Messarra Théorie juridique des régimes parlementaires mixtes Constitution libanaise et Pacte national en perspective comparée Beyrouth Librairie Orientale 2009 3 Table Introduction Le Liban : mode d’emploi, 1. Les six articles de la Constitution libanaise qui classifient le régime constitutionnel libanais, 2. La Constitution libanaise dans la foire des classifications, Art. 9 et 10 de la Constitution 3. Principe de personnalité et principe de territorialité en fédéralisme comparé. Expérience du Liban et perspective pour demain au Proche-Orient, 4. Le fédéralisme en perspective comparée. Expérience du Liban dans le contexte moyen-oriental, 5. Retheoriser le fédéralisme, 6. La gouvernance du pluralisme communautaire. Approche comparative. Art. 49 de la Constitution 7. Le chef de l’Etat, gardien du principe de légalité, Art. 65 de la Constitution 8. Majorité qualifiée et processus de la décision dans le régime constitutionnel libanais, 9. Le principe majoritaire et ses variantes, 10. L’accord de Doha du 21 mai 2008 : Arrangement politique conjoncturel en situation de nécessité et sans changement constitutionnel, Art. 95 de la Constitution 11. Partage du pouvoir : Dilemme et perspectives d’évolution. Concilier partage du pouvoir et séparation des pouvoirs, 12. Académisme et confessionnalisme, 13. Comment étudier le confessionnalisme ? Conclusion Qui sont les libanologues ? Introduction 5 Introduction 7 Le Liban: Mode d’emploi* Quand on participe à des débats sur le régime constitutionnel libanais, dans des rencontres spécialisées ou dans des réunions de salon, on est pris de vertige si on essaie de cibler le débat, de lui donner un niveau minimal de cohérence et d’opérationnalité.
    [Show full text]
  • Approving a President: Hezbollah and the Lebanese Political System
    Approving a President: Hezbollah and the Lebanese Political System Maddie Jurden Research Assistant, ICT Summer 2015 This article examines the current presidential deadlock in Lebanon, and the important role Hezbollah has played. The ties between Syria, Iran, and Hezbollah influence the outcome of the election and have the potential of deep repercussions for stability in Lebanon and the region as a whole. In light of the growing instability attributed to the Syrian civil war, the Islamic State in Iraq and Syria, and the deterioration of political stability, it is vital that the Lebanese deadlock situation be rectified as soon as possible. This article outlines the possible economic, political and security effects of the ongoing presidential deadlock, and analyzes Hezbollah’s role. * The views expressed in this publication are solely those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the International Institute for Counter-Terrorism (ICT). 2 Table of Contents INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................. 4 BRIEF HISTORY OF LEBANON..................................................................... 5 Current Governmental Power Distribution ..................................................... 9 BRIEF HISTORY OF HEZBOLLAH ................................................................ 9 Lebanon's Historical ties to Syria and Iran .................................................... 12 Modern Day Hezbollah ................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Vins Du Liban
    V ins du L iba n: ars L e business en bo u t e il l e LMa v ie:, c ’esi extra SEPTEMBRE 1996, 5000 L.L. N o 10. sept embre 1996 So m m a i r e VOICE OF AMERIKA: U NE PRESSE À DEUX TEMPS 24 D E VISU : VIVIR LA MU ERTE 26 VINS DU LIBAN: LE BU SI- NESS EN BOUTEILLE 32 Q U AND LA Ont contribué VILLE DORT 38 à ce n um éro LA CH AMBRE INTROU VABLE EXTRÊMES: DABKÉ, 5-22 Hanane Abboud, Ziad N. Abdelnour, Paul MONT-LIBAN: LES MAILLES DU FILET Achkar, Jamal Asmar, SEXE, FOLKLORE ET Médéa Azouri, Chris- tophe Ayad, Nabih FANTAISIE 44 METN: COMMENT LAH OU D A TRA- Badawi, Nadine Che- hadé, Mona Daoud, MIXED MEDIA: L’OF- VERSÉ LE MURR N ORD: U N POTEN- Sophie Dick, Jabbour Douayhi, Patrick Hen- FENSIVE DE ÉLÉ nebelle, Vincent T - TIEL D’INATTENDU BEYROU TH : LES Homer, Anthony IBAN LGO Karam, Houda Kas- L 50 A - RATÉS DU ROULEAU COMPRESSEUR satly, Mazen Kerbaj, Charif Majdalani, RITHME: LA VIE, Farouk Mardam-Bey, ENJEUX ET SURPRISES: SUD, BÉKAA Marie Matar, Nada C EST EXTRA Moghayzel Nasr, ’ 54 Nada Nassar Chaoul, Reina Sarkis, Farès GH ASSAN FAWA Z : D ANS LES RECOINS Sassine, Michèle Standjovski, Jade D’UNE MÉMOIRE BLESSÉE 64 POÉSIE Tabet, Fawaz Tra- boulsi, Michael POUR GOURMETS 67 BIRUNI: L’INDE Young EN ARABESQUES 70 SAVEURS: D U RAISIN L’O RIENT-EXPRESS, IMM. MEDIA C ENTRE, 78 CARTE POSTALE: ALEP LA BLANCH E ACCAOUI, B.P.
    [Show full text]