Genealogical Queries

Swedish American Genealogist

Volume 10 Number 1 Article 7

3-1-1990

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Recommended Citation (1990) "Genealogical Queries," Swedish American Genealogist: Vol. 10 : No. 1 , Article 7. Available at: https://digitalcommons.augustana.edu/swensonsag/vol10/iss1/7

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Swedish ·American Genealo ist

A journal devoted to Swedish American biography, genealogy and personal history

CONTENTS

The 1693 Census of the Swedes on the Delaware. Part 3 1

David Edstrom, Swedish American Sculptor 17

Ancestral Tables 31

Carl Sandburg as a Political Candidate 40

Who Was Benjamin Suel? 42

Genealogical Queries 43

Vol. X March 1990 No. I Swedish American Genealogi~

Contributing Editors Glen E. Brolander. Augustana College, Rock Island, IL Peter Stebbins Craig, J.D'l Washington, DC Col. Erik T horell . Stockholm, Sweden Elisabeth Thorscll. Jarfalla, Sweden Erik Wi k en. Ph.D .. Uppsa la , Sweden

Contributio ns are welcome but the quarterly a nd its editors ass ume no responsibil ity for errors of fa ct or views expressed , nor for the accuracy of mate ria l presented in books reviewed . Queries are printed free of charge to subsc ribers onl y. Subscriptions a re $ 16 .00 per a nnum and run for the calendar year. Si ngle collies a re $5.00 each. In Sweden the su bscription price is 125. 00 Swedish kronor per yea r for su rface delivery, 175 .00 kronor lor a ,r del ivery. In Scand inavia the subscription fe e may be deposit ed in pos1g iro account No. 260 10-9, S 11 ·edish Amerirnn Ge 11 ealogis1, Box I 5222. 161 I 5 Bromma.

'I 11 rr;::' l°CAII' II ,, ~ FRAVEL CEll'TER 11 announces A HERITAGE TOUR OF SWEDEN I June 7-25, 1990 l.i Sponsored by

• Swedish-Ameri can Historical Society • Swedish American Genealogist • Swenson Swedish Immigration Research Center

Visi~ the areas from which the New Sweden colonists and later Swedish immigrants came via deluxe motor coach. Tour includes first class hotels and most meals, sightseeing and many extras. For further information, send for free brochure from Scan Travelcenter, 66 Edgewood Avenue, Larchmont, NY 10538, or call toll-free 1-800-759-7226. The 1693 Census of the Swedes on the Delaware By Peter Stebbins Craig* Chapter 3: The Wicaco Congregation ( Continued)

Identification of the families belonging to the Swedish church at Wicaco resumes with the listing of the remaining families residing between the Schuylkill River and Neshaminy Creek, on the Pennsylvania side of the Delaware, and in the area surrounding Pennsauken Creek in Burlington and Gloucester counties, New Jersey.

The Holstein Family #38. Matthias Claesson Holstein (Passyunk, £100) chose his surname from his place of origin. At the time of his burial, 9 April 1708, pastor Andreas Sandel reported that old Matthias Holstein was born in Dittmarschen in Holstein. Born in 1642, his name first appeared in Delaware River records in the census of 1671 as a resident of Passyunk. He was a faithful member of the Swedish church and both of his wives were undoubtedly Swedish. By his first marriage (name of wife unknown), he had four sons who survived him: Laurence (b. 15 Sep. 1677), Anders (b. 19 Jan. 1679), Matthias (b. !July 1681) and Frederick (b. 13 Jan. 1684). In 1688 he married Catharine (parents unknown), then only 15 years old, and had a fifth child, Peter (b. 16 Jan. 1691), by the time of the 1693 census. Matthias' second wife was named executrix of his will, signed 14 Dec. 1706. His descendants retained Holstein or Holston as the family -surname. 1

The Stille Family Olof Petersson Stille, of Penning by Manor and H umlo, in Lanna Parish, Uppsala lii.n, came to New Sweden in 1641 with his wife, his daughter Ella (then 7) and his son Anders (then I½) after two sentencings had brought him to economic ruin. He first settled on the north side of Ridley Creek, moving by 1664 to Moyamensing, where he died c. 1684. His daughter Ella married first the Swedish soldier Peter Jochimsson (see #35) and then the freeman Hans Mansson (see #54). Anders Stille moved by 1658 to New Castle County, where he died before 1693, leaving minor sons named Jacob and (probably) John.2

* Peter Stebbins Craig, J. D., 3406 Macomb Street. N. W ., Washington, DC 20016, contributed the t~o earlier chapters of his study in the March and Sept. issues of SAG 1989. At least two more chapters will follow. ©Copyright 1990 by Peter S. Craig. All rights reserved.

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#39. John Ollesson Stille (Moyamensing, £100): Born in New Sweden in 1646, John inherited his father's farm and married by 1683 Gertrude Skute (1664- 1744), youngest daughter of Captain Sven Skute and Anna Johansdotter (see #37). \ I By the time of this census, they had five children: Christina (b. 1684), Anna (b. 1685), Olof (b. 1687), Sarah (b. 1690), and John (b. 1692). Seven more were to follow. John Stille died at Moyamensing on 24 April 1722; his widow on 16 Jan. 1744. Both were buried at Gloria Dei. 3

The Swedish Wheeler Family Accompanying the Stille family to America in 1641 was the family of Mans Svensson Lorn, whose daughter Catharine Lorn married an Englishman named John Wheeler. Wheeler became a freeman in New Sweden and joined 21 other freemen in signing a 1653 protest against Governor Printz' allegedly harsh rule. He fled New Sweden, moving first to the Fort Casimir area (present New Castle). By 1658 he had moved to the Sassafras River in Cecil County, Maryland, with his wife Catharine and three minor children, Samuel, John and Anna. A third son, Anders, was born in Maryland. When granted denization by Maryland in 1661, John Wheeler was described as "Swedish." His wife died by I 67 I; John died c. 1677, leaving his "Roundstone" estate on the Elk River to his son Samuel and his "Wheeler's Point" estate on the Sassafras to his son John. Samuel Wheeler remained in Maryland where he was survived by three married daughters. 4 #40. Anders Johnsson Wheeler (Moyamensing, £80): The youngest son of John Wheeler and Catharine Lorn, Anders Wheeler and his brother John moved from Cecil County to the Philadelphia area c. 1678 to live on property acquired by their mother's stepfather, Lars Andersson Collinu. John Wheeler Jr. lived on the Schuylkill and died without issue. Anders Wheeler married Catharine, daughter of Anders Svensson (see #17), and inherited the Moyamensing estate of his step grandfather, Lars Andersson. They had two children by 1693, John (b. 1690) and Anders (b. 1692). Catharine died after 1697. Anders Wheeler's second wife, mother of most of his surviving children, was named Anna Maria, whom be married 23 Nov. 1704. Anders Wheeler died at Moyamensing in 1720; his wife died soon thereafter. 5

Mans Gustafsson (Justis) #41. Mans Gustafsson (Justis) (Wicaco, living with wife's family,# 17); The second son of Johan Gustafsson and Brita Mansdotter (see #20), Mans Gustafsson was born in 1658 and had recently married Christina, daughter of Anders Svensson, at the time this census was taken. They soon moved to a 215-acre tract in the Northern Liberties on the northeast bank of the Schuylkill which was granted to Anders Svensson 's heirs by William Penn in exchange for land surrendered for

I I '

2 The 1693 Census of New Sweden the City of Philadelphia. Generally know as Mounce Justice, Mans died in the Northern Liberties in 1749; his widow's will was proved in 1762.6

Nils Lycon #42. Nils Nilsson Lycon (Northern Liberties, £150): On 12 Jan. 1691, "Nicholas Neilson" asked the Board of Property to replace his meadow north of Philadelphia because it was being drowned by a new mill. Otherwise, however, he was known as Nils Lycon (by its many spellings), the eldest son of Peter Nilsson Lycon (see # 19). He lived on a tract adjoining Shackamaxon known as "Poor Island," granted to his father in I 680, surveyed in 1683, and conveyed to him before his father's death. By his wife Maria Gastenberg (see #49) he had nine known children, three of whom were born by the date of this census- probably John, Peter and Christina. Nils died at "Poor Island" on 4 Dec. 1721 at the age of 55, survived by his wife and six daughters. 7

The Mullica Family

Contrary to the Mullica geneaiogy8, Eric Mullica did not arrive in America in 1663 and Ingeborg Helm was not the mother of any of his children. He was of the second generation, the son of Pal Jonsson the Finn, also known as Pai Malich or "little Pai," who arrived in New Sweden as a freeman on the Eagle in 1654 with his wife Margaret and children. 9 By 1657, as "Paulus Jansen,"he became a sergeant for the Dutch and was rewarded by Governor Peter Stuyvesant who granted him a patent in 1661 for his land near Fort Altena (former Fort Christina, now Wilmington)_Io He emigrated to Maryland in 1661 with this wife and younger children (described as Anders, Annakin, Christian and Hendrick) and was granted denization on 29 July 1661 under the name of "Paule Johnson, Swedish, late of New Amstel." He died before 14 April 1664, when pastor Lars Lock drafted a deed of division of his property between Paul Jons' widow and her children. I I Pal Jonsson's widow was fined 100 guilders in the Long Finn Rebellion of 1669. Drawing a similar fine was his eldest son John Paulson, who appeared in the 1671 census as a householder at Moyamensing (as "Molickka") and on the 1684 pledge list of the Wicaco church (as "John Polsson").I 2 Anders Paisson, who accompanied his parents to Maryland in 1661, remained in Cecil County and was naturalized on 6 Nov. 1683 as "Andrew Poulson alias Mullock." He was still living on 7 July 1690 when he sold 100 acres of "Successor" (located at present Elkton, MD). 13 #43. Eric Palsson Mullica (Tacony, Oxford township, £50): Born in April 1636 in Mora, Delsbo Parish, Halsingland, Sweden, Eric Palsson alias Mullica had arrived in New Sweden with his parents on the Eagle in 1654. He married, by 1667, Ingeri, born c. 1646, who had arrived on the M ercurius in 1656 with her father, Olof Philipsson (see #7) from Letstigen, Visnum Parish, Varmland liin. In partnership with Christiern Thomasson (see #205) and Olle Nilsson Gastenberg (see #48-49),

3 Swedish American Genealogist

Eric Mullica settled on a 950-acre tract named Tacony, adjacent present Frankford Creek. This property was surveyed for them on 20 October 1675. Eric and Ingeri I' Mullica had eight children: Anna (b. 1668), Anders (b. 1670), Olof (b. 1673), Eric \ (b. 1675), John (b. 1677), Helena or Eleanor (b. 1680), Catherine (b. 1682) and Stephen (b. 30 Apr. 1684). By 1693 the household had been reduced to eight \ persons, the mother Ingeri having died and Anna having married Richard > Reynolds (English) of New Castle. Between 1693 and 1697, Eric Mullica remarried Ingeborg, the daughter of Israel Helm (see #65), and moved with his youngest children to "Takokan" near Little Egg Harbor, NJ, on a river that would soon be named after him-the Mullica River. Eric Mullica died before 29 Sept. 1704 when pastor Andreas Sandel preached a sermon at Little Egg Harbor for "Widow \ . Mollicka" and Eric's youngest children.14 The Keen Family Notwithstanding the contrary claim in Dr. Gregory Keen's classic genealogy, 15 the progenitor of this family wa.s not born in Sweden. Known as Jurgen Schneeweiss ("snow-white" in German) or as Jiirgen Kiihn ("bold" in German), Governor Printz' monthly account book shows quite plainly that he came from Saxony, Germany. 16 Northern Europe was a fertile recruiting ground for the Swedish army during the Thirty Years War (1618-1648). 17 The origins of the Swedish soldiers sent to New Sweden reflect this fact. Jurgen Schneeweiss (later Kuhn) arrived in New Sweden with Governor Printz in 1643. After the surrender of the colony to the Dutch, he established his residence at Upland (present Chester). On 4 August 1668, as "Juriaen Keen," he

was granted a patent for three lots at Upland then in his possession, containing 400 \ acres. He remained a resident of Upland until his death. The last reference to him i alive occurred in 1 Mar. 1687 / 8 when "Urine Keen"conveyed land in Chester town \ (former Upland) for a Quaker meeting house. 18 Jurgen Keen had two sons, Hans (see #95) and Jonas (#44). His only known daughter was Anna, who married c. 1668 James Sandelands, of Scotch origins. An English soldier, Sandelands obtained a patent at Upland for 200 acres on 6 August 1668 and received his discharge from the army in 1669. He died in Chester, 12 April 1692, and was survived by his wife, two married daughters (Eleanor, married to George Forman, and Catharine, married to Jasper Yeates) and five minor children (Christian, Mary, James, Jonas and Lydia). 19 #44. Jonas Jiirgensson Keen (residence uncertain): His name first appears in public records on 17 May 1675 when he was appointed ensign of the Upland militia. On 12 March 1677 /8 he acquired 200 acres at Upland from his brother Hans. Within a year, Jonas sold this land and acquired a share of a 500-acre tract in Burlington County with Hans Mansson (see #54) and Frederick King (#55). He acquired another 100 acres in his own name in 1682. His name last appears in Burlington County records on 20 Feb. 1693, as a grand juror. The next and last I \ \

4 The 1693 Census of New Sweden reference to him occurred on 2 March 1694/5 when the inventory of his estate (£55.15.0), under the name of "Jonas Skeen" of Cesarie River, was filed in the Salem County court. His widow, "Katherine Skeen," who administered his estate, thereafter married Samuel Hunter of Salem County on 31 October 1695. Of the children of Jonas and Catharine Keen, only two have been identified- Mans (Mounce) and Goran (George).20

#45. Matthias Hansson Keen (living with Harman Enochs, Tacony, £60): The eldest son of Hans and Willemka Keen (see #95), Matthias Keen was born in 1667. On 10 Apr. 1688, Michael Fredericks deeded to Eric Mullica an undivided half of two tracts at Tacony "now in the tenure and occupation of Mathias Keen." Mullica reconveyed this land to Matthias Keen on 5 June 1688. A contemporary map by Thomas Holme shows the properties owned by "Enock & Keene," although the deed for the other half to Harman Enochs' widow was not executed until I Sept. 1705. In 1693 Enochs paid taxes on the property. Matthias Keen married by 1691 Henrietta, the daughter of John Classon (see #51-53). Their household in May 1693 included their first child, Maria (b. 1692). Five more were to follow. Matthias was an active supporter of the church, serving as vestryman and chairman of the building committee for Gloria Dei. He also served in the Pennsylvania Assembly from October 1713 until his death at Tacony on 13 July 1714. His first wife predeceased him and he was married to Sarah (parents not identified) at the time of his death.2 1 #46. Bengt Andersson Begtsson (Moyamensing, £80): Bengt Bengtsson, often called Benjamin Bankson in civil records, was born in 1669, the eldest son of Anders Bengtsson (# 14) and Gertrude Rambo. He was married to Catharine Cock, also born in 1669, daughter of Peter Larsson Cock. The first of their four known children would not be born until 1694. Bengt Bengtsson served many years as a church warden and member of the council of Gloria Dei church, finally retiring in favor of his younger brother Jacob Bengtsson in 1744. He died at Moyamensing by 1748 when letters of administration were issued for his wife's estate.22 #47. Christiern Claesson (Tacony): His origins are unknown. His name first appears in Delaware River records in 1677 when he was listed among the taxables at Marcus Hook. On 11 Sept. 1677, the Upland Court granted "Christian Claesse" 100 acres at Tacony, bounded on both sides by the lands of Michael Fredericks. This tract, which he called "wee Lanasco," was surveyed 4 May 1680, and is shown on Holme's map of Philadelphia. On 12 Sept. 1682, his wife Margaret Clause sued Williamke Keen (see #95) for assault and lost her case. The five children of Christiern and Margaret Claes son, as of 1693, were Claes (b. 1683), Ann (b. 1685), Catharine (b. 1687), Christina (b. 1689) and John (b. 1691). Christiern pledged support for the Wicaco church in 1684 and signed the 1698 agreement to locate the new Gloria Dei church at Wicaco.23

5 Swedish American Genealogist

I I Olof Nilsson and His Gastenberg Family \ I Olof Nilsson, from Letstigen, Visnum Parish, Varmland liin , arrived in New \ Sweden on the Mercurius in 1656 accompanied by his wife. Under Dutch rule, i.e., I I before 1664, he and five associates were granted a 1,000-acre tract at Marcus Hook, l where he still resided in 1671. Soon after this tract was resurveyed by the English on ' 27 July 1675, Olle Nilsson joined Eric Mullica and Christiern Thomasson in their Tacony settlement, which was surveyed for 950 acres on 20 October 1675. By 1684 he had chosen the surname of Gastenberg (meaning "guest mountain" in Swedish), pronounced "Yestenberry" and spelled erratically in contemporary records. His two sons, Nils and Eric are shown below (#48-49). His three daughters, as named in Eric's will, were Christina, Maria and Brita, who in 1693 were married to Nils Jonasson (#23), Nils Lycon (#42) and Dirick Johnsson (#52). His wife Cecelia, born in 6rebro, Sweden (allegedly in 1619), was buried at Gloria Dei on 26 May 1703. 24 #48. Nils Nilsson Gastenberg (Pennypack, Dublin township, £64): Born in 1659 at Marcus Hook, Nils was frequently described as Nils Nilsson (his father's patronymic). He was so named in the 1693 tax record, although named Gastenberg in the church census. In 1680 he married Maria, born in 1663, the daughter of GustafDanielsson, who had arrived in New Sweden on the Eagle in 1654and died intestate at Upland in 1681. In 1693 Nils and Maria Gastenberg had five daughters: Ingeborg(b.1681), Anna(b. 1683), Helena(b. 1685), Maria(b. 18Jan. 1690) and Brigitta (b. 11 April I 691 ). 2s #49. Eric Nilsson Gastenberg (Pennypack, £100): Shown in the 1693 tax record as "Erick Neilson," Eric died as Eric Gastenberg 8 Jan. 1725 [ 1724 / 5) at the reported age of 65. His wife, variously named as Hasin, Hannah, Hanshe and l Hunshe, was a daughter of John Classon (see #51-53). After she died intestate in ) I 745, there was a scramble among collateral heirs to share in her estate of over £400. \ She and Eric had no children. In the 1693 census their household included Eric's \ aged mother. 26 The Boore Family Among the passengers arriving in New Sweden in 1641 was a sailor named Lars Thomasson from Veddige Parish, Halland liin, Sweden, who served many years on Governor Printz'sloop, became a freeman, married and in 1653 joined 21 other freemen in complaining about Printz' rule. As a freeman, Lars Thomasson adopted a surname which was generally written as "Boers" by contemporary scribes (perhaps from "boer," meaning "farmer" in Dutch).. But the name transition is clear, because throughout Lars Thomasson used a distinctive mark, an arrow pointing upward with an "x" in the middle.27 His wife, for many years a widow, was described in her old age as Swedish and the mother of Lars Bure. She gained some notoriety by the fact that she had been scalped by Indians in her youth and no hair 28 thereafter grew on her head. I i '

6 The 1693 Census of New Sweden

#50. Lars Larsson Boore (Pennypack, £124): Lars Larsson, son of Lars Thomasson, was born in New Sweden in August 1648. Until the mid-1680's he generally used the patronymic (Larsson, Laurenson, Lawson), although his name was entered as Laers Boers in the 1677 Upland Court tax list. The spelling of his chosen surname varied considerably (Bure, Buur, Boer, Boor, Bore, Boore), but became standardized as Boore in later generations. As Laurence Laurenson, he was one of the six original patentees of Karraconks (Carkoens) Hook in Kingsessing, surveyed on 19 June 1675 for 560 acres, "which they have long inhabited." With Olle Ollesson Kuckow (#188), Laers Laerson moved in 1680 to a 670-acre tract called "Pleasant Hill" between Poquessing and Pennypack creeks. He remained at this location until his death in 1708. His wife Elizabeth (parents not identified), born in February 1654, was named in his will of 27 Nov. 1708, but was deceased by the time it was proved, 7 Feb. 1708 / 9. In 1693 their household included five children, Lars (b. 1678), Gertrude, Elizabeth (b. 14 Mar. 1687), Maria (b. 7 Aug. 1689) and Anders (b. 20 Sep. 1691), and either Lars Boore's aged mother or a servant.29

John Classon and the Johnson Family John Classon, also called John "Paerde Cooper" (horse trader in Dutch), and his brother Peter Classon (father of Jacob Classon of the Crane Hook congrega tion, #136) shared the "Mill Dorpe" plantation on the Christina River in 1669- 1671.30 Both were probably sons of Clas Jansson, who was a passenger on the first voyage of the Kalmar Nyckelto New Sweden in 1637-38 and who is recorded as the first settler at the site later called "Mill Dorpe. "31 By 1677 John Classon owned land at Passyunk, property which he sold to Anders Bengtsson in 1681. On 11 Sept. 1677 the Upland Court granted him 300 acres on N eshaminy Creek. By a later grant from William Penn, this was expanded to 525 acres.32 John Claessen and his eldest son, Claes Jansson, each pledged 12 guilders to the Swedish church at Wicaco on IO August 1684. The father apparently died soon thereafter. In 1693, he was survived by three sons (#51-53) and six known daughters: Anna (then the widow of Francis Walker), Hasin or Hannah (wife of Eric Gastenberg, #49), Henrietta (wife of Matthias Keen, #45), Gertrude, Elizabeth (b. 1678) and Catharine (b. 1680).33 #51. Claes Johnsson (Neshaminy, Bensalem township, Bucks Co., £80): Born c. 1658, Claes Johnsson was married to Walburg, born c. 1661, the daughter of Matthias Bengtsson. Her father, possibly a brother of Anders Bengtsson (#14), had been deputy schout and court-messenger for the Upland court before his death on 9 Sept. 1662. Their children in 1693 were John (b. 1683), Lawrence (b. 1688), Derick (b. 1691) and probably a fourth one (b. c.1685) who died before 1697. Claes Johnson died in December 1723, "probably 65 years old," and his widow Walburg died in April 1732, "aged about 68 or 70 years. "34

7 \ I I Swedish American Genealogist

#52. Dirick Johnsson (late of Neshaminy): On the original of the 1693 census of the Swedes, the "5" opposite his name had a line drawn through it-an apparent recognition that he had just been executed for murder. Born c. 1660, Dirick married Brita Glisten berg, sister of Nils and Eric Glisten berg (#48-49). They had three children: John (b. 1690), Peter (b. 1691) and Brigitta (b. 1693). On 14 \ April 1693, the Bucks County grand jury indicted Derick Clawson, alias Jonson, ' for murdering an unidentified person whose body was found near the mouth of Neshaminy Creek on 8 May 1692. He was promptly tried, convicted and executed. His property was also ordered to be confiscated. A year later, on 24 May 1694, his widow Brita was granted relief by the Pennsylvania Provincial Council and allowed to retain Derick Johnson's former lands. She then married John Enochs, son of 35 Garret and Gertrude Enochs, and had additional children. \ - #53. John Johnsson (living with #51): The youngest of the three sons of I John Classon, John Johnsson had recently married Margaret Williamson when the ' 1693 census was taken. She was the daughter of Dunck Williams (Scotch) and his Swedish wife Walburg (parents not identified). John Johnson died in Bucks County in late 1721; his widow Margaret was still living in Bucks County in 1747.36

Other Philadelphia County Families #95. Hans Keen's widow (Tacony, £30): Hans Jtirgensson Keen was already a resident of Tacony on 12 March 1677 / 8 when he deeded his Upland property to his brother Jonas (#44). He died before 10 August 1684, when his widow Willamke Ktihn was listed as a contributor to the Wicaco church. Their eldest son, Matthias Keen (#45), was married and had started his own family in 1693. Still living at home were four children: Gertrude, Eric, Jonas and George. Soon after 1697, Williamke remarried the widower Caspar Fisck (#58). She also outlived her second husband and was described as Williamkie Kyhn when buried at the Raccoon church (Swedesboro NJ) in 1722.37 #203. Robert Longshore (Kingsessing, £200): An Englishman and deputy surveyor for William Penn, Robert Longshore became part of the Swedish community when he married Margaret Cock, born 1667, the daughter of Peter Larsson Cock. In 1693 their household of four included two children: Euclid and Alice (Elsa). Longshore died intestate and letters of administration were issued to his widow Margaret on 12 March 1694/ 5. In 1696 she married another Englishman, Thomas Jenner, a carpenter, by whom she had a third child, Maria, born in 1697. Margaret was agan a widow when she wrote her will, dated 5 October 1701 and proved 19 October 1701, leaving her Kingsessing plantation to her son Euclid Longshore and making provisions for her two daughters. 38 #204. Andreas Derricksson (City of Philadelphia, £800) was the only member of the Wicaco congregation living in the City of Philadelphia in 1693. Born in Sweden and describing himself as a gentleman, merchant and mariner, he was a recent immigrant and, by the end of 1693, had moved to the north side of Indian River in Somerset County, Maryland, where he settled, married and raised a family, dying in 1716.39

8 The 1693 Census of New Sweden

#205. Christiern Thomasson's widow (Tacony or Pennypack, not taxed): The name of this widow is unknown. Her husband, Christiern Thomasson, a Swede,joined Eric Mullica (#43) and Olle Nilsson Gastenberg (see #48-49) as the first settlers of Tacony, surveyed 25 Ott. 1675. He was naturalized by William Penn, I I Jan. I 682 / 3, and is last mentioned alive in I 689 when he sold his share of Tacony to Henry Mellows. The family's residence thereafter is unknown. In 1697, his four daughters were living with the family of Peter Rambo Jr. at Pennypack (#2). There were six known children living in 1693: Anna (b. 1674), Maria (b. 1676), lngabor, Thomas, Lars and Helena (b. 1687). In 1714, the four surviving children, as heirs of Christian Thompson, executed a deed to the widow Sarah Mellows for the land sold by their father in 1689.40 #206. Paul Johnsson Salung (Shackamaxon, Northern Liberties, head tax): The brothers Anders and Bengt Jonsson, Finns from Salungen, Mangskog Parish in the Josse Hundred of Varmland, arrived in New Sweden as young freemen on the Eagle in 1654 and first settled in the area between Fort Christina (Wilmington) and Fort Trinity (New Castle) later known as Crane Hook, but identified as "Salungen" or "Jos-Ante's land" by Lindestrom and Rising. After the area came under Dutch rule, the two brothers moved to Carkoens Hook, Kingsessing, which they had "long inhabited" by the time it was surveyed 19 June 1675. Both brothers alternated between use of Salung and Johnson as their surname. Bengt Johnsson Salung, born in 1633, married Anna Larsdotter (father not further identified), who in 1680 was accused of living in adultery with another man. Bengt's name disappears from records after 1683; he had no known children. By 1679 Anders Johnsson Salung had acquired 100 acres on Cohansink Creek, adjoining Shackamaxon, most of which he sold (as Andrew Johnson), 18 Oct. 1686. A year later, on 28 Oct. 1687, "Paul Johnson, son and heir of Andreas Johnson,"sold the remainder. In 1693 Pau!Johnson of the Northern Liberties was assessed a head-tax (adult, owning no land). The church census named him Paul Sahlunge. The other two persons in his household have not been identified.4 1

Hans Mansson and the Steelman Family It is appropriate that the first New Jersey entry on the 1693 census (#54) is the household of Hans Mansson's widow, Ella Steelman. Hans Mansson was the first settler on Pennsauken Creek at "Senamensing" (now Cinnaminson NJ). Born in Skara, Skaraborg liin, Sweden, in 1612, he was sent to New Sweden as a laborer in 1641 and became a freeman after 1644, settling at Aronameck in Kingsessing. After the death of Peter Jochimsson in 1654 (see #35), Hans married Peter's widow, Ella Olofsdotter Stille, and became the father of six sons, who initially took the surname of Hansson: John (#142), Jons or James (#57), Charles (see #55), as well as Peter, Christiern and Eric (see #54). On 14 May 1669, Hans Mansson was granted an English patent for his Aronameck plantation, over 1100 acres, extending from the Schuylkill River to Cobbs Creek in Kingsessing. Having moved to New Jersey, he sold this tract in 1681 to his stepson,

9 \ I Swedish American Genealogist

Peter Petersson Yocum (#35). His 500-acre New Jersey tract, based on a permit issued in February 1674, was located on the north side of Pennsauken Creek, and shared with Jonas Keen (#44) and Frederick Fredericksson Konig or King (#55), when a patent was finally issued 23 Feb. 1683 / 4. Hans acquired another 100 acres on IO Apr. 1688. He probably died c. 1691. On IO May 1692 his property was taxed to "Widow Hance." Thereafter his widow and sons adopted Steelman (Stille + Mans) as their surname.42 #54. Peter Hansson Steelman (Senamensing, Chester township, Burlington Co.): In 1693 the widow Ella Steelman, born in Sweden in 1634, resided with her J three youngest sons, Peter (b. in Senamensing c. 1674), Christiern (b. 1679) and Eric (b. 1681). Soon after the 1693 census Peter Steelman married Gertrude, the daughter of Hans and Williamke Keen (see#95). By 1697 they had two children and resided at Great Egg Harbor (Atlantic City). Christiern Steelman moved to New Castle, where he married Mary (of Quaker birth), widow of James Claypoole Jr. and daughter of John and Mary Cann who arrived in New Jersey on the Griffin in 1675. Eric Steelman married Brita (parents not identified) and moved to Gloucester County, where he died of smallpox IO May 1731. Old Ella Steelman was buried I 0 Jan. 1718 in Gloucester County.43

The Konig or King Family #55. Frederick Fredericksson King (Senamensing): The 1693 church census names him "Friedrich Konig," the name also assigned to him when he pledged support of the Wicaco church in 1684, suggesting that Frederick was of German origins. In Delaware River records, he was also called Frederick Frederickson and, finally, Frederick King. Born in September 1659, he was present in Burlington County as early as 1680 when he was shown as sharing 500 acres on Pennsauken \ Creek with Captain Hans Mansson (#54) and Jonas Keen (#44). He also bought I 200 adjoining acres with John Hansson Steelman(# 142). In 1693, Frederick King was married to Christina, daughter of Jonas Nilsson (#22) and had a son Elias (b. May 1690). Others in the household of six included his wife's sister Brigitta, her brother Peter Jonasson and Charles Steelman. Frederick King was chosen constable of Chester township on 21 Feb. 1697 / 8, but drowned in the Delaware River 24 Sept. 1698, leaving a widow and five children.44

The Toy Family #56. Elias Toy (Senamensing): The father and national origin of Elias Toy ("Tay" in Wicaco church records) have not yet been discovered. Born in October 1664, Elias Toy is first mentioned in Delaware River records on IO Aug. 1684 when he pledge 12 guilders to support the Wicaco church. On 20 April 1689 he purchased 139 acres at Senamensing from Frederick King (#55). With him at that time were his mother Christina and his sister Susannah (see #57). In February 1690 Elias married Gertrude, born 1671, daughter of Anthony Nilsson (#64). By the time of

10 The 1693 Census of New Sweden the 1693 census their household included two children, Frederick (b. 30 July 1690) and Margaret (b. 14 Dec. 1691). Elias Toy died in Senamensing before 22 Feb. 1719/ 20 when the inventory of his estate, endorsed by his widow, was filed in the Gloucester County Court.45 #57. Jons Hansson Steelman (Senamensing): In 1693 Elias Toy's sister Susannah was living with her husband, Jons Harisson Steelman, their son Anders (b. 1691), and Susannah's mother Christina. Jons (called James in English records) was the second son of Hans Mansson and Ella Steelman (see #54). On 10 Nov. 1695 James Steelman acquired 500 acres near Great Egg Harbor (Atlantic City area), to which he later added further lands. As one of its first residents, he was chosen l June 1696 to lay out a road between Great Egg Harbor and Gloucester. The will of James Steelman of Great Egg Harbor, dated 2 Aug. 1734, proved 10 Jan. 1734/ 5, named eight children, the youngest of whom was born by his second wife, Catharine Ouster, whom he married 13 June 1730. 46

The Fish Family #58. Caspar Fisk (Fish) (Putshack, Pennsauken Creek, Gloucester County): Although not born in Sweden, he consistently signed his name as Caspar Fisck (the Swedish word for "fish"), and probably was the son of Johan Fisk, who came to New Sweden on the Swan in 1648. 47 Caspar was born 4 Feb. 1651, presumably in New Sweden. On 17 April 1675 he married Margaret, born 1656, daughter of Gustaf Danielsson of Upland. In 1676, in partnership with Peter Petersson Yocum (#35), Fisk was granted 500 acres called "Pimmepaka" (Pennypack), where he lived briefly before moving to West Jersey. On 7 Aug. 1682, both he and Marcus Lawrence, his wife's brother-in-law, obtained 100 acre tracts on the south side of Pennsauken Creek, where he lived until his death in 1708. Caspar Fisk was a Wicaco church warden in 1684 and 1693. In the latter year his household included six children, Johan (b. 15 Sep. 1677), Gustaf (b. 10 Dec. 1678), Elias (b. 16 June 1681), Caspar (b. 9 Feb. 1684), Susannah (b. 11 Jan. 1688) and Maria (b. 15 May 1693), plus two orphaned children of Marcus Lawrence (see #59). His eldest daughter Anna had left home and was living with her husband, Peter Petersson Stake (#29). After Caspar's first wife Margaret died in childbirth 14 Nov. 1697, Caspar Fisck married Williamke, the widow of Hans Keen (#95). In civil records Caspar's name was invariably written as Casper Fish, and Fish became the family surname.48

Marcus Lawrence and the Huling Family Marcus Lawrence (to use the English spelling) was a Holsteiner, first found in Delaware River records in 1669 when he drew a nominal fine for involvement in the Long Finn Rebellion. By 1675 he had joined Olle Fransson (#159) and Nils Nilsson alias Repot (#168) on a 700 acre plantation at Verdrietige Hook in present New Castle County, north of Christina (Wilmington). He had two known wives, the first

11 \ \ Swedish American Genealogist \ \ \ of whom was a daughter of Gustaf Danielsson of Upland. On 7 Aug. 1682 he and Caspar Fisck each acquired 100 acres at Putshack on Pennsauken Creek. Marcus Lawrence later added another 100 acres to his holding. He had three children: Laurence (#207), Regina and Marcus (b. 1684). His first known wife died at Putshack and Marcus next married a widow (name also unknown) who had her own son. On 4 May 1689, Marcus Lawrence, on his death bed, named three Englishmen to manage his estate. In 1693 his two youngest children were residing I with their uncle, Caspar Fisck (#58). Later, as of 1697, they resided with their I Gastenberg relatives (#48-49). Both of Marcus's sons adopted the surname of .I Hulings, a name associated with their father only posthumously. 49 #207. Laurence Marcusson Hulings (Putshack): Laurence Hulings was the eldest son of the late Marcus Lawrence. Before 1697 he married Catharine, daughter of Michael Lycon (# 18), and had one son, also named Laurence. On 30 March 1700 he signed a receipt for his 100 acres at Putshack, inherited from his father, and a lease for the other I00 acres controlled by the surviving guardian of his brother Marcus Hulings. The will of Lorens Hollins, dated 21 Aug. 1700, witnessed by pastor Andreas Rudman, Michael Laicon and Caspar Fisk and proved in the Gloucester County court on I March 1700/01, granted his entire estate to his wife. She was still living when her father wrote his will on 17 Aug. 1703. 50

Notes

1Subscqucnt children: Henry (b. 29 Mar. 1694) and Catharine (b. 10 Jan. 1697). PMHB, 2:227, 342: Kalm. 219: N YH M. 21: 104: Suclerluncl. 215; PA 3d. I :41-42: VCR. 57. 78. I 13-14; will of Manhias Holstein. proved 24 May 1708. Phila. wills. C:97. Anna M. Holstein. S\l'eclish Hu/steins in Americaji'um /644 ru 1892 (Norristown PA 1892) erroneously claims that Matthias Holstein was born in 1644 in America of parents who arrived on the Kalmar Nyckel in 1638 and married, as his first wife, Brita Gastenberg(see#52.) Her genealogy traced descendants of Matthias Holstein Jr. ( 1681-1737), who married Brigina Gunnarsdoller Rambo (see #5); other lines were not followed . 'Sri/le, passim; Aberg, 25-26. -'Subsequent children: Brigitta (b. 1693), Barbara (b. 1697), Peter (b . 11 April 1699), Gertrude (b. 18 March 1701), Morton (b. Feb. 1704). Helena (b. 27 Oct. 1705), Allemisha (b. Dec. 1709). PM H B. 2:227, 341-42: John Stille will of 24 Apr. 1722, proved I Sept. 1722, Phila. wills D:327; Gertrude Stille will of 3 Jan. 1743 / 4. proved 18 Jan. 1743/ 4, Phila. wills G:85; Stille. 151-55. 4Sec Stille. 143. 146. 155-56. n. 90, 123. 136. 137. ' Subsequent children by first wife: Lawrence (b. 1693), Anna (b. 1696). Anna was the only child by the first marriage to marry and have issue. Children by second wife: Mary, John (b. c. 1713), Samuel (b. 30 Sep. 1715). PMHB. 2:227. 342; Stille. 175 n. 137; Mary Pitz. The Wheeler Family ( 1985), MS, American Swedish Historical Museum. Philadelphia: Andrew Wheeler will of 17 March 1719 / 20. proved 26 March 1719 / 20, Phila. will book D: Phila. Orphans Court records, 1734. Peter Kalm. writing about 1750. reported that "Anders Whiler [Wheeler) who is counted among the Swedes. was an Englishman on his father's side but a Swede on his mother's." Bemun. 731-32. 'Subsequent children: John (b. 1695). Anders (b. 1697). Peter (b. c. 1699), Brita[Bridget), Mans[Mauricc) (b. 13 Dec. 1703). Anna [Ann). Gunnar and Christina [Christiana) (b. 1710). PM HB. 2:226, 342. 38:437-42: Sv,krluncl. 213: Penna. patents. AA-6: 177: Phila. deeds. H4:358: Maurice [Mounce] Justice will of 12 Feb. 1743 / 4 &codicil of 18 Sep. 1749, proved 2 Nov. 1749. and Christiana Justice will of 7 Dec. 1750, proved 30 Apr. 1762, Phi la. wills I: 190 and M:287: Lon and Mary Justice Dunbar Bible. HSP. 'Subsequent children: Gertrude (b. c. 1693), Maria (b. c. 1695). Anna (b. c. 1697), Elizabeth (b. c. 1699), Brita (b. c. 1701) and Susa nnah (b. c. 1703). PM H B. 2:226. 342: Keen . 37: will of Neeles La icon of 3 December 1721. proved 17 Jan. 1721 / 2. Phila. wills D:206: VCR. 160: Old Warrants & Surveys. Harrisburg, D87:26. Both sons and the daughter Gertrude were not named in the will.

12 The 1693 Census of New Sweden

' Charles J. Werner, Eric Mullica and His Descendants (New Gretna NJ, 1930), 41-45. ' Johnson, 719. In 1655, "the children of Paul Malich, the Little Pole" received aid from Governor Rising's charity fund. Johnson, 547. This led one writerto conclude that he was Polish, an error further compounded by confusing him with one "PaulJoransson"who had arrived in New Sweden in 1641. Floyd Mulkey, "The Mullica Family of New Sweden," PGM, 14:3 (1944). In fact, the 1641 Pal Joransson was another immigrant named Pal Jonsson, fromJamtland, who was hired in 1641 as a farmhand, becameasoldierforGovernorPrintzon I October 1646and returned to Sweden with Printz in 1653. Johnson, 152,352,619 n. 2, 704, 711 ; MGB, 44 (as Pafvel Joensson). Confirmation that the second PalJonsson arrived in New Sweden in 1654 is shown on the 9 J uly I 654 list of"newly arrived freeman" pledging allegiance to Governor Rising at Tinicum Island, which "PaffvelJansson " signed by his mark. Confirming that he was a Finn, Margrite, "the wife of Pauwl Joensen Fin," petitioned the Dutch court at Fort Casimir on 21 July 1656 for an order restraining Anders the Finn from taking her grain. NYHM, 18:21. '•NYHM, 18:21 (31 Jan. & 14 Feb. 1657); New York Colonial Documents, 12:169-70, 175. The patent, dated 7 April 1661 , described his land as adjoining "Jan Staelcop" (see#I0I). NYHM-Land Papers, 102, HM:124. " Maryland Land Patents, 4:552; MA . 3:430; Acrelius, 177. "NYHM, 20:6, 21 :104; PMHB, 2:342. "MA, 7: 487, 489, 516, 576,604; Cecil County Deeds, 2:346-48 . In 1678, "Andrew Poulson," complaining that he was "a pore man and having a great family," petitioned New York Governor Edmund Andros for the restoration of land at Appoquinimink Creek in New Castle County.the patent for which had been allegedly coerced from him when, after the brief Dutch takeover of the Delaware in 1673-74, he was taken as a spy and imprisoned. N YHM. 2 I :34. His descendants took the surname of Poulson. 14 PMHB. 2:225-26. 342; 1684 "passport" quoted in Kalm. 185. and Benson, 715; Johnson, 725; Whanon. 45-46; NYHM, 20:87b. 20:101 (#18), 21:57: Sandel'sjournal as abstracted in PMHB, 30:296. In 1704, three of Eric Mullica's sons (Olof, Eric and John) purchased lands on Raccoon Creek where they fo unded the present town of Mullica Hill, Gloucester County NJ. Federal Writers' Project, The Swedes and Finns in New Jersey (Bayonne NJ 1938). 69. "Gregory B. Keen, The Descendants of Joran Kyn of New Sweden (Philadelphia 1913), 7. 16The accounts fo r Jtirgen Ktihn in the Monat Gelder Buch, pp. 26 and 74, are captioned "Jtirgen Schneeweiss von Sachsen." 17 Between 1630and 1675, a majority of Swedish soldiers were mercenaries employed from other Protestant countries. Michael Roberts. The Swedish Imperial Experience. /560-1718 (Cambridge. England, 1979). 44-46, 56. "Johnson, 667, 706. 713, 720, MGB, 24, 72; NYHM, 19:72-73, 20:23, 21 : 104; Smith. 520; CCR, I: 84. 90, I 12, 120; Keen. 12- 13. 1•NYHM, 20:23. 21: 104; Smith. 520-21; CCR, I: 90,112,268, 283-84. Sandelands' 1669discharge is reported in Peter& Florence Christoph, NYHM: English, Books of General Entriesofrhe Colony of New York. 1664-1673 (Baltimore 1982). 303. After the death of Sandelands. Anna Keen married in 1692 Peter Bayn ton, English, by whom she had an additional child, Rebecca, born c. 1693 / 4. VCR, I: 263, 268, 284, 341. For a full description of her family, see Keen, I 7-25. 40-60. 20 NYHM, 20:65c; VCR, 78. 89-90, 107; PMHB. 2:342. 92:23 n33; BCR, I, 3, 10- 12, 28, 43-44, 148; NJA, 21 : 352, 399, 402, 22: 375, 23: 422; Keen , 16- 17, 34-39. Adding to the paucity of records on Jonas Keen's family is the conflict among records: In 1748 Peter Kalm described his son Mans Keen as "near seventy years old" and therefore born c. 1678. Benson, 211. However, when Mans died of pleurisy on 3 June 1770, he was described as "about 105" and therefore born c. 1665. RPN, 333. His obituary in the Pennsylvania Gazelle gave his age as 105 years and eight months. Keen. 38-39. Goran (George) Keen, who married Ella Mullica in November 1706, was described as a widower aged 64 when he married the widow Margaret Justis on 8 June 1745, suggesting he was born in 1681. RPN, 329; Acrelius, 444. "Subsequent children: Christina (b. 1693), John (b. 1695), Anna (b. 7 Sep. 1697), Jonas (b. 16 Sep. 1698) and Matthias. PMHB. 2:225, 341; Clay, 107; Phila. deeds, H-13: 502-03, E-7/ 8:64; PWP, 3:649; Keen 25-32. "Known children: Daniel (b. I 694), Peter (b. I 697), Jacob (b. 1704), Maria. PM H B, 2:227, 342; PA 2d. 7:707; Samuel Pennypacker, Pennsylvania Colonial Cases (Philadelphia 1892), 81; Phila. deeds, G-6: 165, G-7: 186-7; Phila. Co. orphan court records; Burr, 347-48; Clay. 140; Ormond Rambo Jr., The Cock Family, Ms. ASHM, 19; Beverly Rambo, The Rambo Family Tree. 29. " Subsequent children: Elizabeth (b. 1694), James (b. 1695), Christian (b. 29 Sept. 1697). perhaps others. PMHB, 2:226, 342; UC R, 61 -62. 80, 17 I. 190; CCR. I: 18. 21 ; PWP, 3:649; Old Warrants & Surveys, Harrisburg. D-71 :72. '•Johnson, 725; Whan on. 45-46, 62-63; DY R, 99; Smith, 520-21; NYHM. 20:87a, IOI (#18). 21 :57, 104; PMHB. 2:342; Phila. wills, A:5 I.D:418; Kalm, 219. Cecelia's birth year looks suspect: all of the children were born in America. " Subsequent children: Peter (b. 3 Aug. 1693), Abigail (b. 11 Mar. 1697). PMHB, 224, 342. The mother's father is identified by the fact that in Rudman's 1697 census the household included Marcus Hulings, described as "the wife's sister's son." Gustaf Danielsson, also known as Justa Benes or Buys, is correctly shown in Johnson. 71 8. as arriving on the Eagle in 1654. Von Elswick's accounts show that he was a soldier and tailor at Fort Trinity (New Castle) in 1655. He was a resident of Upland by 1663 (as Juste Buys), was shown in the 167 1 census as "'Eusta

13 \ \ Swedish American Genealogist \

Benes" and described as "Eusta Daniell" in 1681-82 when two of his sons-in-law, Caspar Fisk (#58) and Marcus Lawrence (father of the Hulings brothers, see #207) quarreled over administration of his estate. NYHM, 19:73, 21:104; UCR. 78; CCR. 1:8, 19, 23; Keen, 14. "PM H B, 2:225, 342; October 1876 gravestone reading by Jacob Englebrecht, Englebrecht Diary, Frederick Co. MD Historical Society; will of "Eric Gustanberg," dated 28 May 1719, proved 9 Feb. 1724/ 5. Phila. wills D:418, abstracted in PMHB, 12:374; Phila. orphan court records, HSP, Philadelphia, Ph 18A:197-99, 215, where the surname is spelled "Gashenberry" and "Gusanberry." With the death of Eric's widow. the surname of Gastenberg died out as Eric's brother Nils also had no male heirs. 27 Johnson. 463 n. 45, 702, 712; Yocum, 269 n. 5, 19; 1654 Loyalty oath at Tinicum Island. Riksarkivet, where Lars Thomasson [by his mark] is shown asan "old freeman"; NYHM. 18:20(where his mark is shown next to the name "Klaes Tomasse"), 21 (29 Dec. I 655, as "La urns Bors"; 13 Apr. 1656, as "Laers Boers"; 22 Sep. 1656, as "Luwerns Borsen"; 10 Jan. 1657, as "Laers Boers"); DYR, 134 ("Laers Boers"). '"She became "the mother of a number of children," although only her son Lars Larsson Boore has been identified . A crelius, 55; Benson. 268. "By 1694 the daughter Gertrude had married Anders Bengtsson Jr. and was living next door. PM HB, 2:225; UCR, 60, 65-66, 79, 143-44; CCR. 1:4. 7-8, 13-14; PWP, 3:649; Old Warrants & Surveys, Harrisburg, Pa., D-72:114, D-66:70; Phila. deeds E-l / 5:37. 1-5:411 . 1-8:533; PA 2d, 19:613-14; will of Lawrence Boor Sr., Phi la. wills, C: 152. The 1675 survey for Karraconks Hook has been misfiled in New Castle County Surveys, 1760-69, p. 31, Delaware State Archives, Dover, Dela. -'"See 1671 census, NYH M, 21: 104/ 105, and patent of 26 Mar. 1669 to Jean Paul Jacquet fort he adjoining plantation, bordering "the land fence of PieterClaesen and Jan Claesen." D YR. 158. The patent for Mill Dorpe, however, was issued in the name of Pieter Claesen, apparently the elder of the two. DYR, 143. A possible third brother was Christiern Claesson. #47. 31 Clas or Klas Jansson (also recorded as Jansen, Johansson and Hansson) went to New Sweden with Minuit in 1637 and remained in the colony continuously, 1638-1655. Johnson, 463 n. 45,547, 699,700,710. His name does not appear on the I 644 roil list because that list included only soldiers and servants of the company; Clas wasa freeman by that time. In 1653 he was one of22 freemen signing the protest to Governor Printz and in 1654 he signed the oath of allegiance to Governor Rising as one of the "old fremen." Yocum, 169-70, n. 5, 19. (In these notes and in Yocum, 265, the author incorrectly stated that he was the father of Matthias Claesson Holstein. The two were unrelated; see #38.) An inventory prepared by Governor Rising in 1667 of the property confiscated by the Dutch in 1655, on file at Riksarkivet, identifies the land on Christina Creek, opposite Fort Christina (the location of later Mill Dorpe), as "Claes' Land. "This must be a reference to. Clas Jansson,as he was the only freeman named Clas in the colony in Rising's time. According to Kalm, the progenitor of the Philadelphia area Johnsons(unnamed by him) came from Yastergotland, Sweden. Kalm, 225; Benson, 730. "VCR, 63-64, 78, 97, 108, 133, 143, 158, 194; PA 2d, 19:350; Keen, 19-20; Old Warrants & Surveys, Harrisburg, D-67:297; Bucks County deeds, 5:36. "PM HB, 2:226, 342. By her first marriage to Francis Walker, Anna had a daughter Frances Walker, born in 1677, who married c. 1697 Jonas Hansson Keen (see#95). Keen, 33-34. Francis Walker and his partner Duncan Williams were part of Robert Ashman's group securing a patent at Passyunk on I Jan. 1667 /8. PA 2d, 19: 137-38, 349; NYHM, 21: 104. On 30 Oct. 1675, a 450-acre tract known as "Point Pleasant" was surveyed for them on the lower side of Neshaminy Creek. Wharton, 65-66. In 1685/6 Francis Walker also owned 300 acres near Duck Creek, New Castle County, with Anna's two eldest brothers, Class and Dirick. NCR, 2: 122. The 1693 tax list for Bensalem township, Bucks County, valued Widow Walker's property at £20. Living nearby was Michael Fredericks, still a bachelor, with no land. They were married by 1697. PMHB, 2:226. Walker's former partner, Dunk Williams (Neshaminy Creek, Bensalem township, £53), also had a Swedish wife name Walburg. PMH B, 2:227. His will, signed as Dunk Williamson, dated 12 Feb. 1697 / 8, proved I Mar. I 699 / 1700, named four children: William, John, Hanna and Margaret. William Williamson married John Classon's daughter Elizabeth; Margaret Williamson married John Classon's son John Johnson (#53). Owen Moon Jr., A Sketch of Dunck Williams of Neshaminy (Trenton NJ 1916), 63-67; Keen, 37. Dunk Williams, described as Scotch, was buried at Gloria Dei Church in 1699, according to Nicholas Collin's copy made from now-lost burial records. Amandus Johnson Papers, Balch Institute, box 69/6. After William Williamson died on 23 Dec. 1721, his widow Elizabeth remarried Edward Hill, who in 1746 became administrator of the estate of Elizabeth's sister, Hannah Gastenberg (see#49). Of John Classon's other daughters, Gertrude married Hans Lycon (see #19) and Catharine married Eric Hansson Keen (see #95). Keen, 32, 37. '•Subsequent children: Gertrude (b. 1694), Barbara (b. c. 1697), Richard and Elizabeth. PMH B, 2:226, 341-42; will of Claus Johnson dated 25 Nov. 1723, proved JO Jan. 1723/4, Bucks Co. wills, 1:78.

14 The 1693 Census of New Sweden

"Subsequent children: Hannah Enochs (b. 1696), John Enochs (b. c. 1698). PMHB, 2:226; VCR, 78, 178-79; Bucks Co. court records, 166, 180-81; Pa. Provincial Council Minutes, I: 382-83, 442; Bucks Co. deeds, 5:36. Although not shown in the 1693 census, the Enochson or Enochs family had close associations with the church. The brothers Garret and Harman Enochson, apparently not Swedish but rather of Dutch or German origins, were renting property in Kingsessing in I 673. VCR, 173. Garret was then married to Gertrude, who clearly was Swedish. Their eldest son Enoch Enochson was born in 1670. Subsequent children were John, David, Henry, Catharine, Elizabeth and Mary Enochson. Before 1683, Garret Enochson acquired 100 acres of land in Kingsessing from Hans Mansson. He died by 2 July 1696 when Enoch Enochson, his son and heir, sold the Kingsessing property. Gertrude then married his brother Harman Enochs who in I 693 was taxed for the "Enock & Keene" property in Oxford township, appraised at £60. By 1702 she was again Widow Enochs. She married as her third husband the Swedish bachelor Lawrence Bartleson, alias Lasse Parker (see#92), who died 13 Oct. 1705. For her fourth husband, she married a French Huguenot widower, Andreas Souplis [Supplee], who she also survived. The will of widow Gertrude Supplee, dated 5 Oct. 1737, proved 20 Nov. 1738, asked to be buried at Gloria Dei beside her "late husband," which we take to mean Andreas Souplis. George E. McCracken, "Enochsons of Delaware," The American Genealogist, 37: 104-110, 219-2i8 (196 I); PMH B, 2:342; PWP, 3:50 I; Phila. deeds, E-3 :62, 66; E-7 / 8:64; NJA, 21:669 (deed dated I Apr. 1696 to Lawrence Bartleson of Pennsylvania, planter, for 200 acres in Gloucester County NJ); nuncupative will of Lassey Parker of Ridley, Chester County, 11 Oct. 1705, witnessed by Enoch Enochson and translated from Swedish into English by Susannah Enochson, bequeathing his 200 acres in West Jersey to his nephew Jacob Archer, Phila. wills C: 14, Chester Co. wills, C:24. J•Subsequent children, as named in John Johnson's will of2 Nov. 1721, proved 13 Jan. 1721 / 2: John, Peter, William, Williamet, Mary, Elizabeth and Hanna. Bucks Co. wills, 1:61 ; PMHB, 2:226 (which calls him John Classon, his father's patronymic); Moon, Dunck Williams of Neshaminy, 63-64, 72; Bucks County deeds, 8:45. "VCR, 89-90, 179-80, PMHB, 2:226, 342; RPN, 327; Keen, 14-16. Rudman's 1697 census incorrectly names her son George as Peter. Shortly after the I 693 census, her daughter Gertrude married Peter Steelman (see#54). On 25 Jan. 1706/ 7, Casper Fish and his wife Williamka (widow of Hans Keen) and her sons Matthias, Jonas and George Keen conveyed their interests in the Tacony plantation to her son Erick Keen. Phila. deeds, E-3:62. 38 PMHB, 2:226; CCR, 1:372-73; PA 2d, 19:60, 77, 165, 227-28, 270, 309-IO, 362,419,427, 547-48, 550. Margaret Cock was described as "about 19" on 7 Oct. 1685 whe she testified in her sister Brita's lawsuit against John Rambo. Pennypacker, Pennsylvania Colonial Cases, 81. Her will, under the name of Margaret Jenner of Kingsessing, widow, was witnessed by her brother Peter Cock and her brother-in-law Anders Longacre and is abstracted in PGM, 3:152. It is probable that she married Robert Longshore by 25 June 1687, as Robert Longshore was a witness to her father's will on that date. PGM, 2:73. 39Mary Burton Derrickson McCurdy, "George Thompson, the Welcome Passenger," PGM, 29: 21 -26 (1975). Andreas Derrickson had two children, Samuel and Mary, born before 1704 by his first wife, Temperance Hopkins, and four children (Joseph Andreas, Benjamin, Temperance and Andreas) by his second wife, Mary. See will of Samuel Hopkins, Sr., MCW, 3:226, and will of Andreas Derrickson of Somerset County dated 7 Sept. 1715, proved 13 June 1716. MCW, 4:46. 40 Wharton, 45-46; PWP, 2:337; PA 2d, 19:557; Phila. deeds, E-9/7: 170. The four heirs joining the deed were Thomas Thompson arid his wife Elizabeth, Lacy Thompson, Anna and her husband Swan Rambo (see#2) and Mary and her husband Lars Boore, Jr. (see #50). Christiern Thomasson may have been a brother of Olle Thomasson (see #113). 41The 1654 loyalty oath to Rising, preserved at Riksarkivet, lists among the "new freemen" "Anders i Salungen," followed by "Bengt J iinsson, ditto." Lindestriim wrote that the land between the Christina River and Sandhok (New Castle) was "here and there settled by Finns." Lindestrom, 173. His maps A and B identify "Salunge" at this location. Id., 152, 156. Governor Rising's 1667 listing of losses to the Dutch mentions 16 acres of cleared land "all the way from Christina Creek to Jiihs Ante's fields" and grain "parceled out on half-shares to several freeman," including "Jiihs Ante at Jiis-antes" and "at Salungen to 2 peasants."(Translation by Dr. Richard H. Hulan from original at Riksarkivet). The 1675 survey, naming "Andrew Saling" and "Bank Saling," is filed with New Castle Co. Land Surveys, 1760-1769, p. 31, Delaware State Archives, Dover. In the 1671 census, both "AndrewsSalloon" and "Bent Salloon" were heads of household at Carkoens Hook. NYHM, 21:104, Eckman, 17. The 1677 tax list names them Andries and Benck "Saling." VCR, 79. For other references to Bengt Johnson Salung, see VCR, 60, 112, 170, 180, 182. His name last appears, as "Banke Johnson," aged 50, in the Kingsessing census of 1683. Soderlund, 213. For Anders Johnsson Salung, see also VCR, 60; PWP, 2:337 (naturalized in 1683 as "Andrew Salem"), 3:647 ("And. Salung" in Northern Liberties on Holme's map); PA 2d, 19:444-45 ("Andries Johnson"); Phila. deeds, E-1 / 5:629. PaulJohnson's deed is reported in E-1 / 5: 631. "Johnson, 463,596,602, 705, 712, 720; Rising, 175, 195, 197, 199; DYR, 144; NYHM, 18:86a, 20:23, 134; 21:!04; Wharton, 69-71; Smith, 523; PA 2d, 19:389-90, 487; PMHB, 2:342, 91:35-40; VCR, 64, 74, 77, 107, 114-15, 174, 181-82; BCR, I, 3, 28; NJA, 21:352, 364-66, 402,430,438; Ross K. Cook and Arthur Adams, "Captain Hans Mansson, Ancestor of the Steelman Family," NYGBR, 74:113-121 (1948); Yocum, 248, 250-54; Stille, 147-48,

15 \ Swedish American Genealogist \

176a. Charles Steelman was an adult by 1692, married (after 1697) Anna Nelson, apparent daughter of Anthony Nilsson (see #63) and had three surviving children (Charles, Margaret and Eleanor) before his death at Senamensing between 1705 and 1709. See Stille, 164 n. 46, 176a. In 1693 he was a servant ofFrederick King(#55). 43The family of Peter Steelman's wife is identified in Sandel's diary entry for 29 Sept. 1704, Frank Blomfelt, Andreas Sandels Dagbok, 170 /-/ 743 U ppsala 1988), 57, 121. It now seems clearto this writer that Christiern and Eric were sons, not grandsons, of Ella. Cf Stille, 147-48, 166-67 n. 49. Rud man's 1697 showed her living with hertwo"sons" \ Eric, ages 16, and "Charles," aged 18. PMHB, 2:225. As Ella already had an older son named Charles, these .\ appeared to be grandsons. However, I am now certain that the I 697 entry was intended to be Christiern, not Charles. The name of Christiern's wife, also erroneously identified in the cited footnote, proves to be the daughter of John and Mary Cann. See Herbert Standing, "Quakers in Delaware in the Time of William Penn," DH, 20: 123, 136 (1982). For other references to Ella Steelman and her three youngest sons, see Stille, 165-67, n. 48-50, Yocum, 250. 44Subsequent children: Julia (b. Sept. 1693), twins Andrew and John (b. 11 Dec. 1694) and Alexander (b. 31 Mar. 1697). PMHB, 2:224, 342; BCR, I , 3, 12, 28, 33, 184,193,201; NJA, 21: 352,361,402,461,466. Gloria Dei's account book shows that the widow Christina King took, as her second husband, Niclas Lindemeyer, who fulfilled his predecessor's pledge toward the building of Gloria Dei church. They had two sons, George (1701-1765) and Christopher (c.1703-1756). Her second husband, born in Stockholm in 1664 to Georg (Jiirgen) Lindemeijer and Lucia Wolf, was buried at Gloria Dei on 9 Sept. 1705. L.M.V. Orn berg, Svenskaiillartal, 9:243, 10:316-17; Kolm, 219. "Subsequent children: Maria (b. 4 Sep. 1693), Christina (b. 1694), Isaiah (b. 20 June 1697), Andrew (b. 1699). PM H B, 2:224, 342; BCR, 148, 150, 155,192,295, 298, 306,325; NJA , 21: 461 , 466; NJA, 23:469-70, 30:487; Clay, 96; Keen, 35. Gloria Dei burial records show that Andrew Toy died at Pennypack, Philadelphia County, on 12 Aug. 1752 at the age of 53 . Elias Toy's wife is identified as "daughterofNelson"in Rudman's 1697 census; Anthony Nilsson (see #63-64) is the only eligible candidate for her father. In the mid-18th century, Kalm reported it was generally believed that Toy came from Holland, although one old-timer claimed the family came from Finland. Benson. 731. "Subsequent children: Susannah (b. 1693). Hans. John, James, Elias, Mary, Peter, PMHB, 2:225; NJA, 21:670, 25:358, 30:453; RPN, 115; GCR. I: 168. 200,227,336,338,350, 365-72; 2:21, 74, 89,540,553,576; Stille, 164-65, n. 47. "Caspar Fisk's eldest son was named Johan. The only Fisk in New Sweden was Johan Fisk. Pastor Rudman reported in the Wicaco church book that Fisk arrived on the Swan [ 1648]. Kolm, 189; Benson , 720. A military roll list of New Sweden, current as of late 1648. includes Johan Fisk among the recently-added common soldiers. Handel och sjofart, Kolonier: Nya Sverige, Ia , vol. 194, Riksarkivet . Apparently he soon became a freeman, as no account was established in his name in the Monat Gelder Buch. Johan Fisk was one of the 22 freemen signing the I 653 complaint against Governor Printz (Johnson, 463), after which his name disappears, unless he is the same person as Joha n Skovel ("shovel" in Swedish), who signed the 1654loyalty oath as an "old freeman,"sold his plantation to Rising the same year. and signed the loyalty oath to the Dutch after Rising's surrender in 1655. Yocum, 269-70, n. 19. 21; Rising. 189, 195; NYHM. 18:20. '"Subsequent child: Abigail. b. 1697. PMHB, 2:224. 342; Smith, 555; Clay. 96; Wharton , 43-45; NYHM, 20:87, 101 (#17); PA 2d, 19:485; VCR, 74, 77; CCR. 1:8, 19. 23; BCR. 20. 29. 32, 33; GCR. I: 16, 102, 116,121,212,334; NJA. 21 :358, 398: will of Casper Fish dated 25 Jan. 1707/8, proved 18 Oct. 1708, NJA. 23:164. "NYHM. 20:5, 6. 88b; Wharton . 34-36; NCR, 1:161 , 163,433, 2:113; CCR, 1:19, 23; NJA. 21:356, 398,409, 677, 23:285; BCR, 20. 29; GCR. I: 14. 26; PM HB. 2:225. Dr. Amandus Johnson's constructed list of 1654-55 residents of New Sweden, drawn from sources that include materials as late as the 1669 Long Finn Rebellion, is in error in including " Markus Larson" as an immigrant on the Eagle. No such name has been discovered in the colony during or before Rising's time. 50Subsequent child: Michael, b. c. 1699. PMHB, 2:225; NJA, 21:677, 23:233-34. 287.

(To be continued)

16 David Edstrom Swedish American Sculptor

Carver Edstrom Hildebrand*

(The appellation Swedish American sculptor is most appropriate for my great-uncle, David Edstrom. He was born in Sweden, grew up in the U.S. and returned to Sweden to study art. He remained in Europe for many years, practicing his craft as a sculptor in Stockholm, Florence, Paris, Berlin and London. Later in life he returned to the U.S., where he maintained studios in New York and Los Angeles. David Edstrom sculpted the crowned heads of Europe as well as the royalty of Hollywood. He hobnobbed with the literati and consorted with the rich and famous on both sides of the Atlantic. He married twice and had many affairs of the heart. His last years were spent in Los Angeles, where he penned his autobiography, The Testament of Caliban. 1 His autobiography is the basic source for this article. Another valuable source is a collection of his scrapbooks. These are crammed with newspaper clippings telling of his art and sculpture and with newspaper and magazine articles written by him. Also included in the collection of memorabilia are a number of art catalogues and brochures which describe the exhibitions of his works; some photographs of his sculptures and many items of corres pondence with his literary friends, his fellow artists and art critics as well as with members of the royal families of Sweden and Great Britain.)

Pehr David Emanuel Edstrom was born at Dalsheda, a large estate in Vetlanda Parish (Jon.) 27 March 1873, the son of Jonas Peter Edstrom, a tailor and some-time free church preacher, and his wife Charlotta Carolina Gustafsson. Dalsheda was a theological boarding school for boys as well as a producing farm. David's father was at this time the superintendent of the school as well as manager of the farm. As a young man Jonas Peter had become involved in the disestablished church of Sweden, the movement known as "readers" or liisare with a connection to a foundation called Fosterlandsstiftelsen within the Swedish State Lutheran Church. Due to the laxness of the established church in ministering to the spiritual life of its followers, the readers were encouraged to read and interpret the Bible for themselves. At the time he became involved, Jonas Peter could neither read nor write. But he applied himself in getting an education and eventually became a minister and a teacher in the movement.

*Carver E. Hildebrand resides at 2220 Highland Vista Drive, Arcadia, CA 91006.

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Jonas Peter's father, Johan Wivat, had been a soldier in the Swedish Army 1' and had fought in the Napoleonic Wars. He was born in Skeda Parish (Og.) 1793. \ After the wars he married Maja Pettersdotter and they resided at Vikenstorp in Edshult Parish (Jon.) and it is probably from the name of the parish that the \ I surname Edstrom evolved. Here they had four children born to them, the first of , 1 whom was Jonas Peter, born in 1829. 2 \ David Edstrom's mother, Charlotta Carolina Gustafsson, was Jonas Peter's third wife. She was the youngest child of Nils Gustafsson and Inga Christina Nilsdotter and was born at lsberga Sodergard, a farm in Heda Parish (Og.). She was raised in the city of Motala in cultural surroundings and had, so the family tradition goes, as a girl danced with the Crown Prince of Sweden, later Charles XV, and the Prince of Wales of Great Britain, later Edward VII. Her marriage to Jonas Peter was something of a business arrangement-he needed help to manage the large Dalsheda estate and she was precluded from marrying within her class, since she did not have a dowry. According to a family legend, her father had gambled away the family fortune. Charlotta Carolina Gustafsson's ancestors can be traced back to the early part of the 17th century. 3 Included among them were many soldiers and clergymen, as well as farmers. Several of them served as judges at the district assizes (niimndemiin) and Charlotta's grandfather had been a member of the Swedish Riksdag. All of Charlotta's known ancestors lived in Ostergotland liin . Jonas Peter and Charlotta Edstrom llad four children. Only two of them-Johanna Maria Charlotta and Pehr David Emanuel-lived past early childhood. The Edstrom emigration was the result of a liaison that Jonas Peter had had with a young servant girl at Dalsheda, which resulted in her giving birth to a son. As a consequence of this affair, Charlotta Edstrom determined that the family should leave Sweden. In May of 1880 they departed from Goteborg with New York as the destination. After passing through Castle Garden in that city they proceeded to Paxton, IL, where one of Charlotta's sisters had settled with her family some years before. In Paxton the Rev. J.P. Edstrom, who never had done manual labor in his adult life, suffered a severe sunstroke as a result of working on the farm. The Edstroms then moved to the nearby community of Rankin, where they spent their first winter in the U.S. in a dilapidated shack. Cold winds blew through the cracks in the walls and both food to eat and fuel to heat their house were scarce. David was but seven years old at the time. The Rev. Mr. Edstrom had two brothers who were prosperous farmers in Iowa and in 1882 he and his family moved to Ottumwa. Here he resumed his occupation as a clergyman of the local Swedish Mission Covenant Church. But the \ story of his adultery in Sweden soon reached Ottumwa and he lost his position. \ However, the Mission Covenant Church in nearby Burlington was in need of a minister and Edstrom succeeded in securing this charge. l \

18 David Edstrom Swedish American Sculptor

It was while the Edstroms were living in Burlington that David first became conscious of his love and talent for artistic expression. He neglected his school studies in order to spend his time drawing. This resulted in his being sent to the school principal. Fortunately for David the principal recognized David's artistic talent and encouraged him in his artwork while at the same time chiding him to work harder at other studies. The Rev. Mr. Edstrom soon encountered another problem as the clergyman of the Burlington Church. A member of the congregation, newly arrived from Sweden, brought with him the news of a revelation taking place within the church-in order to be a Christian, one must be wholly without sin. The new arrival had himself become perfect and so one by one the members of the church followed his example. Finally, only their minister remained sinful. Edstrom could not prevail against this desire for perfection and he resigned his position before he could be fired. As a result of this second debacle as a clergyman, J .P. Edstrom decided that he would become a farmer. His brother, William Wivat, helped him acquire a small four acre truck farm south of Ottumwa. The Edstroms were at Jong last settled in the U.S. Young David was now eleven years old. As a boy in Ottumwa David Edstrom had sold newspapers. When he became twelve years old he got his first regular job as a janitor and errand boy, working for Charles Sax and Brother's Clothing Emporium on Main Street. While working here, his interest in art resulted in an introduction to Johannes Schiewe, an artist of German origin, who resided in Ottumwa. Johannes Schiewe was a highly cultured man, who, born in Berlin, had been educated at the Royal Imperial College and the Royal Academy of Fine Arts. Schiewe was married to Eleanor Blake, the daughter of an Iowa pioneer, Carl F. Blake, when she was an art student in Germany. After their marriage they came to :. Iowa, where both of them taught for a time at Iowa Wesleyan College in Mount Pleasant. They later moved to Ottumwa. Schiewe took a spontaneous interest in young David. He introduced him to classic art through his large collection of copies of famous art works. Under Schiewe's guidance, David made drawings, modeled sculptures and studied literature, all the while continuing to work for Charles Sax. When David Edstrom was sixteen years old his parents decided that he should go to England to continue his art studies. But he got no farther than Burlington where he became homesick. Ashamed to return to Ottumwa, David remained in Burlington, where he got a job working in a lumber yard. As a result of the strenuous work there he became ill and was sent home. Back in Ottumwa young David went to work at John Morrell & Co., meat packers. His work there ended when an older friend persuaded him to study for the ministry and arranged for his admission to Central University, a Baptist college in nearby Pella. While at the college, David had severe differences of opinion with some of his professors regarding their fundamentalist interpretations of the Bible and as a result David dropped his studies for the ministry.

19 Swedish American Genealogist

Returning to Ottumwa, David went to work for the Johnston Ruffler Co., a \ factory which made attachments for sewing machines. He also went to see his old I \ mentor, Johannes Schiewe, who once more guided David in his artistic and I intellectual development. Under Schiewe's direction David read many of the great books as well as biographies of famous men and studied German and French. The financial panic that gripped the nation in 1894 resulted in David's losing his job at the Johnston Ruffler Company. He was a member of the Iowa National Guard and his company was ordered out to protect some coal mines near Ottumwa. Following his stint in the service, he secured a job with the Ottumwa Cutlery Works. It was at this time that an event occurred that was to have a profound effect upon his life and career as an artist. During the summer of 1894 a unit of Jacob S. Coxey's Army of unemployed workers passed through Ottumwa on its way to Washington, D.C. With the army was a friend of David's by the name of Ed Leonard who had become an adventurer and a tramp. He had vague plans of going to Africa to make his fortune in the gold fields and he urged David to join him in this venture. While he had no desire to go to Africa, David began to think once again about going to Europe to study art. Ever since his aborted trip to London at the age of sixteen, he had wanted to carry out this ambition of his . If for no other reason, he wanted to regain his lost self-respect. So, he agreed to accompany Ed as far as New York. From there, each would go his separate way. Quitting his job at the Ottumwa Cutlery Works, David set out with Ed for New York City. They rode the rails, which was a new experience for David, but he 't learned quickly under Ed's guidance. Upon reaching New York they split up as \ planned. David signed as a stoker aboard the S.S. Norge, a freighter bound for Copenhagen. The Norge was a dilapidated ship with a shabby crew and the trip \ across the Atlantic was a brutal experience for David-he had many fights with \ '-~ other members of the crew. From Copenhagen he rode the ferry to Malmo where \ he got a job as a stoker on the S.S. Allegro bound for Stockholm. Upon his arrival in Stockholm, David proceeded directly to the Royal Academy of Fine Arts where, after some difficulties, he finally managed to see its ' director, Count George Otto von Rosen ( 1843-1923). His meeting with von Rosen would have discouraged anyone Jess determined than David from trying to enter the Academy. Von Rosen, who resented the brash, egotistical American, told him that before he could be considered for admission to the Academy, he must first finish a three-year course at the Technical School. Moreover, von Rosen explained, only a few of the top graduates of that school were admitted to the Academy, and his chances of ever getting in were very poor. Through determination and hard work David completed his studies at the Technical School in two years. During the summer vacation, he worked as a gardener at the country home of one of his instructors. Here he made his first lasting piece of sculpture, the bust of a young peasant girl called Esther.

20 David Edstrom Swedish American Sculptor

Esther (young peasant girl). Bronze by David Edstrom (his first work). Location of original unknown. Plaster copy owned by the author.

21 Swedish American Genealogist

,,\ As a result of his arduous work at the Technical School, his health suffered and he ended up in the hospital. Upon being discharged, he found that he was one of fifteen students who had qualified to take the final examination for admittance to the Academy. In the fall of 1896 he learned that he was one of four selected to be admitted to this august body of learning. As a result of his hard work and high achievement during his first year at the Academy, David was given a private studio and a commission to create an original statue. The statue he chose to make was the reclining figure of a young girl struggling to free herself from the bondage of the deep snows of winter. As he explained in a letter to his mother:

"I am going to name her Spring. She symbolizes awakening. It is a young girl trying to get up. One leg is numb-the other is moving slightly. The head makes an effort upward and an arm presses against the earth to aid the arising. The eyes are closed, the lips slightly opened, giving her a childlike expression-yet I've tried to show promise of voluptuousness and sensuous ness. The statue expresses a degree of pain from the blinding snow, and ' intense longing." !

At the end of his second year at the Royal Academy, David was given a scholarship for the following year. But his poor health continued to plague him. He spent the summer prior to the third year in northern Sweden where it was believed the clean country air would help his tortured lungs. However, upon his return to Stockholm in the fall, he collapsed once again. His doctor advised him that he must spend a year or more out-of-doors or face an early death. With funds raised through the good offices of von Rosen, David went for a lengthy stay near Umea in Vasterbotten liin . Here he spent the winter of 1898-99 in a log farmhouse on the shore of Lake Tavelsjo. By the following summer his health had improved and he was ready to return to Stockholm and the Royal Academy. During his stay at Lake Tavelsjo, David received a sympathetic and inspirational letter from Ellen Key (1849-1926), the Swedish author and feminist. She had heard about his illness from a close friend of his at the Academy. Ellen Key's letter not only buoyed David's self-confidence, but it began a lifelong friendship. Upon his return to Stockholm, David sought out Ellen Key who received him with great warmth. She was familiar with his work as a sculptor and with the high regard in which he was held by his professors at the Academy. Through Ellen Key, David became acquainted with Ernest Thiel (1859-1947), a wealthy patron of the arts who had established a home for young artists in Neglinge, a small suburban town near Stockholm. Thiel invited David to move to his Thielska Artists Colony in Neglinge and David readily accepted. While he was living at Thielska, he was commissioned by Thiel to make a marble copy of Spring. For this he was paid 5,000.00

22 David Edstrom Swedish American Sculptor

Swedish kronor. When David's health problems continued to plague him, Thiel sent him to Switzerland to regain his health. After a few months at the Swiss health resort of Davos, David's health greatly improved. With the financial support of Ernest Thiel, David headed for the warm climate of Italy. Upon his arrival in Florence, he immediately fell in love with the city and began making plans to stay there. The thought of returning to Stockholm and the Royal Academy became an anathema to him. He rented a villa on the slopes of Fiesole Mountain and enrolled in the academy at Florence. The year was 1900 and the new century held great promise for David Edstrom. One day while he was living in Florence, Ellen Key came to visit. With her was a young lady by the name of Anna Levertin. She was the sister of the noted Swedish poet, Oscar Levertin. Ellen and Anna had leased an apartment in Florence and they invited David to be a frequent guest. Their apartment soon became the meeting place of an international group of artists and intellectuals. As a result of what David considered to be a mild flirtation with Anna, Ellen became very upset and cut short her stay in Florence. She and Anna went to Rome; however, David soon followed them there after learning of their whereabouts from Anna. This caused Ellen much anguish- she was concerned about what Anna's parents might think about her letting Anna become involved with an impecunious artist. Following David's and Anna's rendezvous in Rome, Ellen Key and Anna returned to Stockholm and David to Florence. It was not long before he received a wire from Stockholm in which Anna told him of her plans to visit Venice and asked that he meet her there. After two weeks together, they parted in Padua. Upon his return to Florence, David acquired a new studio and became deeply engrossed in his work. Then one day in the fall of 1901 he had a surprise visit from Anna. Again his work was put aside as he and Anna enjoyed each other's company. One winter day Anna and her mother arrived unexpectedly in Florence. Arrangements were soon made for David and Anna to be married. Anna was from a wealthy family and David was asked to sign a pre-nuptial agreement renouncing all rights to any property that Anna possessed or might inherit. This he refused to do. After much travail, Anna's family finally consented to David's position and the plans for the wedding went ahead. Anna Fredrika Levertin was born in Stockholm 7 Nov. 1869, the daughter of Wilhelm Philip Levertin, an art and antiques dealer,and Sophie Albertina Davidson. Anna was an author and translator, who was very successful in her profession. 4 David and Anna were married in Rome 1902 and honeymooned at Taormina, Sicily. But David soon revolted against the bondage of marriage, making his life with Anna most turbulent. Nevertheless their life together in Florence had its high moments. They entertained Prince Eugen ( 1865-1947), the brother of the King to be of Sweden, and himself a talented painter. The Swedish writer, dramatist and poet, Per Hallstrom ( 1866-1960), was among their close friends. Also, Selma Lagerlof

23 I \ \ Swedish American Genealogist

( 1858-1940), the Swedish novelist who was the first woman to receive the Nobel prize in literature, came to visit them. In the spring of 1903 David and Anna traveled north to Stockholm where they were given a homecoming banquet by Anna's relatives. For the first time David came to realize the significance of the family into which he had married. Much of the wealth of Sweden was represented by the Jewish families who sat at the dinner table: the Josephsons, Levins, Levertins, Heymans, Davidsons, Jacobsons, and Abrahamsons. In their presence David felt uncouth and crude. David secured a studio in Stockholm and began work on a number of commissions he had received. Among these was a portrait bust of Mrs. Anna Levin, one of Anna's cousins. While working on this bust, David began to be suspicious of Anna; he suspected her of having a secret lover. When his suspicions were confirmed by Anna Levin and by Mrs. Thiel, David left Anna. In June of 1904, he and a friend set sail for Havana, Cuba. After seven months of roughing it in Cuba, David departed for New York for a brief visit before returning to Europe. Back in Florence he secured the same studio and apartment where he and Anna had lived. He resumed his work with a vengeance, abstaining from all pleasures of the flesh. It was during this stay in Florence that David became acquainted with Hutchins Hapgood (1869-1944) and Maurice Sterne (1878-1957). For awhile the three were intimate friends, but they later had a falling out. Hapgood was a celebrated American author whose The Spirit ofthe Ghetto, published in 1902, was a pioneering work in sociology. Maurice Sterne was an internationally recognized painter and sculptor, born in Russia, and who had come to the U.S. at the age of twelve. As an adult he lived in \ Italy and the United States. He was a handsome young man who had many affairs of the heart. Among them was an affair with the exotic Russian actress, Alla Nazimova ( 1879-1945). Later in life he married the oft-married Mabel Dodge Lukan ( 1879-1962). In his autobiography Hapgood writes about a murderous fight between David Edstrom and Maurice Sterne in a Florentine cafe. 5 However, the fight did not affect their friendship and admiration for one another. Gertrude Stein ( 1874- I 946) also tells of the fight in her enigmatic style of writing, in one of her word portraits titled "Men."6 During their time together in Florence, Hapgood collaborated with Edstrom I in the preparation of his biography. Edstrom was suffering from a mysterious J malady at the time which resulted in the paralysis of his right arm. As a result of the i I\ paralysis, Edstrom could not work as a sculptor and became very dejected. In a despondent mood Edstrom revealed to Hapgood some of the most intimate facts of \ his life- things that he later regretted telling. \ Edstrom 's biography became a cause celebre between the two men. They had i violent disagreements about what should and what should not be included. When \

24 David Edstrom Swedish American Sculptor

Edstrom finally wrote his autobiography many years later he told about this dispute which still rankled. 7 Hapgood also revealed his side of the argument in his autobiography which was published after David's. 8 Moreover, Leo Stein (I 872- 1947), (Gertrude's brother) also recalls this controversy in his collected papers, Journey Into Self.9 David resolved the matter by moving to Paris and taking with him the manuscript notes that Hapgood had made for the biography. There he asked a friend whose judgment he valued to read them. The friend corroborated David's thoughts regarding the inadvisability of ever publishing the biography and the documents were then burned. While David's physical health was much improved since his move to Paris, his mental health was still not good. In Paris David renewed his friendship with Leo and Gertrude Stein whom he had met in Florence. One day while visiting the Steins, David bumped into Hutchins Hapgood. Neither of them said anything about the notes that David had taken and destroyed. A few days later Gertrude told David that Hutchins had shown her the manuscript of a new book he had written about David Edstrom and that she had persuaded him not to publish it. While he was living in Paris, David met and fell in Jove with Cora Downer. Cora was the head of the Christian Science Church in Paris. When David told her about his physical and mental health problems and asked for her help, she willingly began treating him. After a series of daily treatments, his paralysis was cured and mental outlook much improved. His gratitude to Cora was as boundless as his adoration of her. Cora Evelyn Downer was born in Illinois 1870. Her parents were Arthur M . Downer and Anna E. Raymond. Her father's family came from Vermont and her mother's family came from England. While Cora was a young girl her parents moved to Dubuque, Iowa, where her father owned a brewery. As a child Cora had been healed by a Christian Science practitioner and when she was 15 years old, she herself became a healer in the sect. She soon gained an international reputation as a practitioner and teacher of the Christian Science doctrine. In her autobiography, What is Remembered, Alice B. Toklas (1877-1967) had the following to say about Cora: "One of her church friends was a Miss Cora Downer from Kalamazoo [ sic], a worldly woman who dressed well and had a large acquaintance in the fashionable world. " 10 Alice Toklas further stated that "David Edstrom was a good-looking young Swedish sculptor. .. [who] had known many American women in Florence where he had lived for several years. " 11 And she described Anna Edstrom, who was still married to David although they had been separated for many years, as follows: "Mrs. Edstrom looked older than Edstrom, she was an intellectual and was quite plain. She wore men's hats, boots, gloves. " 12 Anna and David were divorced in 1907 and in the summer of 1908 Cora and David became engaged to be married. They were married the following summer in London where David was at the time giving a one-man exhibition of his works.

25 Swedish American Genealogist

Upon their return to Paris, the Edstroms rented an apartment in an old palace on the Quai de Bethune on the Isle St. Louis. Cora was a woman of some means; however, David soon discovered that Cora had invested large sums of money with a scheming promoter who promised her spectacular returns on her investments. Not only was Cora bilked out of her own money, but she also lost large sums she had borrowed from friends. In the spring of 1910 David was invited to exhibit some of his sculptures, along

with the paintings of Carl Larsson (1853- I 919) and others, at a show of the \ Secession Society of Swedish Artists in Berlin. Cora went with him and they remained in Berlin for more than a year, living at the Kaiserhof Hotel. While in Berlin, David made busts of Count Eric Trolle ( 1863-1934), the Swedish Minister of Foreign Affairs, and of his Countess; of Frederik Willem van Eeden ( 1860-1932), Dutch poet and writer, and of Dr. Franz Oppenheimer (1864-1943). And while I \ living in Berlin, he met the Crown Prince of Sweden, Gustaf Adolf (1882-1973), later King Gustaf VI Adolf. Following their stay in Berlin, David and Cora went to Sweden. David put on a private exhibition in Stockholm that was well received and many commissions were forthcoming as a result. Among them was one from his old mentor, Ernest Thiel. Thiel was enchanted with Cora. He fell in love with her intelligence, wit, and charm as did many other of David's Swedish friends. When their stay in Sweden dragged on as a result of David's many commissions, Cora became bored. Moreover, her health suffered from the harsh Swedish climate. With David's reluctant acquiesence, she returned to Paris alone and opened up their apartment there. David remained in Sweden, but he too was becoming anxious to leave and he hurried to complete the work he had begun. In the spring of 1913 he had an exhibit at the Patterson Gallery on Old Bond Street in London. It received the enthusiastic praise of the London art critics, among them Paul Konody, Haldane Macfall, Collins Baker, and Sir Claude Philips. During the exhibit Crown Prince Gustaf Adolf and his wife, Crown Princess Margaret, arrived in London. The prince was anxious to have David make a portrait bust of him. And while David was doing this, it was arranged that he should also make a bust of Princess Patricia, Crown Princess Margaret's sister. During his stay in London, David became friendly with Gaylord Wilshire (1861-1927), an American expatriate who had lived for many years in England. Wilshire was an interesting and unusual man, a millionaire socialist, his many interests included publishing, politics, real estate, and medicine. Among his publications was the weekly Wilshire's Magazine which was written for and by radical intellectuals. He was an unsuccessful Socialist candidate for the U.S. Congress from California and for Parliament from London as well as for the Canadian Parliament. His real estate interests in Southern California resulted in Wilshire Boulevard being named for him. 13 One day while he was living in London, David received two issues of an American magazine, Musical Advance, from a friend in New York. These issues

26 David Edstrom Swedish American Sculptor contained as feature articles the opening chapters of the revealing biography that Hutchins Hapgood had written about David. They were titled, "David, The Story of a Soul." Upon reading them, David felt humiliated to the point of despair. Fortunately, these articles were all of the Hapgood biography that were published; the magazine folded after the second issue. David returned home to Paris and Cora for Christmas of 1913. Upon his arrival he was shocked to find that their joint bank account was drawn down to almost nothing. This was a surprise to him since he had made several sizeable deposits not too long before. Cora was nervous and evasive about what had happened to the money. One day in a fit of anguish, she furrowed her face with her fingernails and screamed accusations that David had injured her. For David this was the last straw, and he left Cora never to see her again. David had known for some time that Cora probably was addicted to drugs. This was, no doubt, the explanation of Cora's neuroses and their depleted bank account. Nevertheless, David was blamed by many for Cora's problems. In her autobiography, Gertrude Stein says that " .. . David Edstrom, the fat swedish sculptor. . . married the head of the Christian Science Church in Paris and destroyed her. " 14 After leaving Cora, David went to Goteborg, Sweden, where he had a contract to do some work on the town square and fountain for the city. While he was in Goteborg he also made a portrait bust of Dr. Axel Romdahl ( 1880-1951), the director of the Goteborg Museum. David had also contracted to do a portrait bust of Ellen Key and in July of 1914 he went to her villa, Strand, which was on Lake Viittern near Alvastra. It was while he was staying at Ellen Key's villa that Germany declared war on Russia and France. This caused much dissension among Ellen's many guests who were a mixture of nationalities and ideologies. Soon they all departed. David finished his work as fast as possible and then he too left Strand. Ever since he was a boy in Ottumwa, David had been fascinated with the fraternal order of Freemasons. One day during his stay in Sweden he was visited by a friend from his days in Umea who was in Stockholm on Masonry business. The friend offered to help David become a Mason and David journeyed north to U mea where, in a memorable ceremony under the light of the Aurora Borealis, he was inducted into the secret order. In the summer of I 9 l 5 David Edstrom left Sweden for the United States. David stayed briefly in New York City, living at the National Arts Club in Gramercy Square. Exhausted from his work in Sweden, he took the advice of an old friend and went to Sewanee, TN, where he stayed for a time at the Faculty Club of the University of the South. Later he took up residence at Saint Andrews, a Jesuit monastery near Sewanee. While he was living in Sewanee he made a trip to his boyhood home of Ottumwa. The occasion of David Edstrom's visit in February of 1916 was a major event for the city of Ottumwa. A large banquet was held in his honor which was attended

27 Swedish American Genealogist

by many of his boyhood friends. David gave a number of talks at luncheon clubs and schools. While in Ottumwa, David contracted to build a Civil War Monument for the city. Back in Sewanee he set about sculpting the large eagle that was to sit atop the tall column of the monument. He also worked on the manuscript of a booklet containing A Selection of Articles and Comments on David Edstrom and His Sculpture by Eminent European Critics and Writers. 15 While in Sewanee, David also made arrangements with his Masonic brethren to take the third to thirty t • second degrees of Masonry and gain entry to the Scottish Rite Lodge. In 1917 David left Sewanee and returned to New York City where he opened a studio on Broadway near 59th Street. While in New York, he wrote a number of magazine articles. An especially interesting article of his, entitled "The Hungry Man of the North," appeared in the 24 Nov. 1917 issue of the Saturday Evening Post. During the time that David was living in New York City, Cora Edstrom had gone to live in the Los Angeles area. She stayed at the residence of her old friend, Gaylord Wilshire, in Pasadena, California. During her stay in the Los Angeles area, she filed for a divorce from David. The original papers were filed in 1917, but the action was not pursued and the case was dismissed. Cora's filing for divorce provoked David's wrath. In a letter dated September I, 1917, he castigated her for this action, and further explained: " . .. notes for your stay at the Sanitarium are due next month and I have no possible way to pay them. I gave you every cent of clear profit in advance [that] I will have from my Ottumwa monument for your cure." Cora died in 1921 in the town of Peru, Vermont, at the age of 51 years. In 1919 David Edstrom left New York City and moved to Los Angeles. His early years in Los Angeles were a whirlwind of activity. He worked as art director for a motion picture studio and wrote many articles about art, politics, and himself for the Los Angeles Times. He had exhibitions of his sculpture at the Cannell & Chaffin Galleries on West Seventh Street and at the Hall of Arts on North Highland Avenue. He continued to practice his craft making busts of Harry Chandler ( 1864-1944), the publisher of the LA Times; of Gloria Swanson ( 1899- 1983), the motion picture actress; and of Josef von Sternberg (1894-1969), the motion picture director. In 1924 David made a quick trip to Sweden to deliver a series of lectures at the University of Uppsala. The subject of the lectures, which were given under the auspices of the Olaus Petri Foundation, was "An Artist's View of Life." While the subject was innocuous, David was the first non-Lutheran ever to lecture at the University, and his religious views were, to say the least, unorthodox. David was much in demand as a speaker at various civic functions in Los Angeles, particularly those involving Swedish dignitaries. In 1923 he was the introductory speaker at a banquet that the local Swedish colony gave for Robert Andrews Millikan ( 1868- I 953), the President of the California Institute of Technology, in honor of his having received the Nobel Prize in Physics that year.

28 David Edstrom Swedish American Sculptor

In July 1926 Crown Prince Gustaf Adolf and his wife paid a visit to Los Angeles. All of Los Angeles was agog for this auspicious occasion. Upon his arrival, one of the first questions the Crown Prince asked concerned the whereabouts of his friend David Edstrom. A mass meeting was held at the Shrine Civic Auditorium for the Crown Prince and his Crown Princess. The motion picture actresses Greta Garbo (1905- ) and Anna Q. Nilsson (1888-1974) participated in the ceremonies as did David Edstrom who presented the royal couple with a piece of sculpture he had made especially for them. In 1935 Gertrude Stein visited Los Angeles in the course of her American tour. While there, she had a reunion with her old friend David Edstrom. They had not seen one another since before World War I. She tells about their get together in the Introduction to Everybody's Biography. 16 Among the sculptures that David made during his years in Los Angeles were a bust of Abraham Lincoln; a statue of Max Whittier, a local pioneer; and a statue of the famous Crimean War nurse, Florence Nightingale ( 1820-19 l 0). Also, he had a grandiose dream of creating for the City of Los Angeles an immense monument he called Man Triumphant. But David did not live to accomplish his dream. On 12 Aug. 1938 he died at the age of 65 years, leaving behind a legacy of many fine pieces of sculpture. All in all, some 87 pieces of his works of art have been accounted for. Most are scattered among European museums while a number are in private collections in Europe and the United States. Notes

'David Edstrom, The Testament of Caliban (New York and London 1937). 'Letters to the author from Leif Carlsson of the Emigrant Institute, Vaxjo, Sweden, dated 15 July and 12 Sept. I 985. 'Letters from Elisabeth Thorsell of Jarfalla, Sweden, dated 14 Aug. 1986and 27 Jan. 1987. See Charlotta Gustafsson's ancestral table below. '"Pehr David Emanuel Edstrom," article in Svenskt Konstnarslexikon. II (Stockholm 1953), pp. 74-75. 'Hutchins Hapgood, A Victorian in the Modern World (New York 1939.) •Gertrude Stein, Two: Gertrude S1ein and Her Bro/her and 01her Early Port rails (New Haven, CT 195 I). 7Edstrom, Caliban. pp. 225-235. •Hapgood. A Vie1orian, pp. 215-220. 'Edmund Fuller (Ed.). Journey Into Self: Being !he LRuers, Papers and Journals of Leo S1ein (New York I 950), p. 173. '°Alice B. Toklas, Whal is Remembered (New York 1963), p. 46. "Ibid., p. 39. " Ibid .. pp. 47-48. 13Carol Dunlap. California People (Salt Lake City, UT 1982), pp. 221 -222. " Gertrude Stein, The Autobiography of Alice B. Tok/as (New York 1933), p. 95. "David Edstrom, David Eds1rom and His Sculpiure (Sewanee, TN 1917). "Gertrude Stein, Everybody's Awobiography (New York 1971), p. 6 Ancestral Table (Ahnentafel) for Carolina Charlotta Gustafsson

I. GUSTAFSSON, Carolina Charlotta, b. in Heda, Alvastra Parish (CJg.) 23 Nov. 1833; m. m Vetlanda Pansh (Jon.) 20 Feb. 1867 Jonas Peter Wivat EDSTROM; d. in Ottumwa, Wapello Co .. IA 11 Dec. 1903. I. 2. GUSTAFSSON, Nils, b. in Rogslosa Parish (CJg.) 25 April 1794; d. in Motala 11 July 1846; m. m Vmnerstad Parish (CJg.) JO Feb. 1818

29 Swedish American Genealogist

3. NILSDOTTER, Inga Christina, b. in Vinnerstad 24 Nov. 1795; d. in Motala 17 June 1859. II. 4. NILSSON, Gustaf.juror in the district assizes and member of the Swedish Riksdag, b. in Rogslosa in Dec. 1767; d. in Rogslosa 17 Sept. 1826; m. in Rogslosa 23 Oct. 1791 5. LUNDBERG, Brita Christophersdotter, b. in Rogslosa 18 Feb. 1772; d. in Rogslosa 4 May 1845. 6. JOACHIMSSON, Nils, b. in Vedemo, Vinnerstad; m. 7. APPELBOM, Ulrica, d. in Vinnerstad 26 Dec. 1803. Ill. 8. GUSTAFSSON, Nils, b. ca. 1735; d. in Rogslosa 17 May 1784; m. in Rogslosa 24 Feb. 1767 9. LUNDBERG, Charlotta, b. in Rogslosa 25 June 1738; d. ca. 1804. 10. LUNDBERG, Christopher.juror in the district assizes, b. in Rogslosa 18 Oct. 1797; m. in Svanshals Parish (Cg.) I July 1763 11. JCNSDOTTER, Catharina, b. in Svanshals 25 Feb. 1747; d. 1833. IV. 18. LUNDBERG, Nils, b. in Rogslosa 9Oct. 1704; d. in Rogslosa I March* 1770; m. in 1728 19. SANTESSON, Brita Christina, b. in Lund 2 Aug. 1705; d. in Rogslosa 23 June 1766. 20. = 18. 22. LIND MARK, Jons, vestryman and parish clerk, b. 1702; d. in Svanshals 1772; m. 23. BENGTSDOTTER, Stina. V. 36. LUNDBERG, Jonas, army quartermaster, b. ca. 1673; d. in Rogslosa 1725; m. 37. JESCHOSDOTTER, Elsa, b. in Rogslosa 1672; d. in Rogslosa 17 April 1759. 38. SANTESSON, Christopher, city councillor in Lund, b. in Bokhult, Ungaryd Parish (Jon.) ca. 1672; d. in Lund 18 Jan. 1719; m. 2 Oct. 1703 39. SKOUGH, Helena Nilsdotter, d. in Lund 10 Aug. 1728. 44. LINDMARK, Nicolaus, clergyman in Rinna Parish (Cg.), b. in Ronneby Parish (Blek.) 1669; d. in Rinna 1704; m. in Ronneby 11 Jan. 1701 45. ASCHANIUS, Ingrid, b. ca. 1683; d. 19 Feb. 1763. VI. 74. CARLSSON, Jescho, cavalryman, b. ca. 1639; d. in Rogslosa 1689; m. 75. HAKANSDOTTER, Ingrid, b. ca. 1638; d. in Rogslosa 1731. 76. PERSSON, Sante, regimental quartermaster, b. in Btikhult, Uingaryd ca. 1643; d. in Stockholm 1690; m. before 1673 77. ANDERSDOTTER, Catharina, b. 1653; d. in Ungaryd 20 Feb. 1710. 78. SKOUGH, Nils, m. 79. JCNSDOTTER, Anna. 88. BRINGANDER, Sven Nilsson, burger in Linktiping and Ronneby; m. 89. CHRISTOPHERSDOTTER, Karin. 90. ASCHANIUS, Johannes, clergyman, chaplain with the Swedish Army in Pomerania, Germany 1673; clergyman in Rogslosa; b. in Hagerstad Parish (Cg.) 1646; d. in Rogslosa 7 Oct. 1707; m. in 1676 91. JCNSDOTTER, Beata, b. in 1656; d. in Rogsltisa 2 May 1734. VII. 150. CARLSSON, Hakan, d. in Rogslosa 1675. 152. HAKANSSON, Per, b. ca. 1612; d. in Ungaryd 6 Jan. 1695; m. ca. 1643 153. SANTEDOTTER, Karin, d. ca. 1664. . 154. NILSSON, Anders, sheriff in Bredaryd Parish (Jon.); d. before 4 Oct. 1686; m. 155. BCRJESDOTTER, Brita, b. ca. 1622; d. in Ungaryd 8 March 1709. 180. NILSSON, Per, farmer in Aska, Hagerstad; m. 181. JOHANNESDOTTER, Maria 182. ANDERSSON, Jons, royal bailiff in Kinda and Ydre Hundreds. 206. PERSSON, Sante, m. 207. PERSDOTTER, Gunnel. VIII. 412. ---, Per in Bokhult, Ungaryd. 414. --, Per In Vislebo, Ungaryd.

*Sliik1en Samesson, p. 53 has I August.

30 Ancestor Tables

Ancestor Tables will be printed from time to time on a space available basis and for subscribers only. The editor assumes no responsibility for the material submitted and reserves the right to edit the material to conform to a general format.

XXIX. Earl R. Swanson

(Submitted by Earl R. Swanson, 1907 Harding Drive, Urbana, IL 61801)

I. SW ANSON, Earl Raymond, professor of agricultural economics, b. Rankin, IL 26 May 1921; m. Rock Island, IL 23 June 1951 Janice Eileen Beckstrom. I. 2. SW ANSON, Sven Gustaf, farmer, b. Potomac, IL 30 Oct. 1886; d. Champaign, IL 18 March 1973; bur. Rankin Union Cemetery, Rankin, IL; m. Rankin, IL 15 March 1916 3. ERIKSON, Alice Wilhelmina, b. Rankin, IL I June 1890; d. Paxton, IL 9 April 1970; bur. Ranking Union Cemetery, Rankin, IL. II. 4. SVENSSON, Nils, farmer, postal clerk in Sweden; b. Svarte Hjlirup, Uppakra Parish (Malm.) 2 Feb. 1856; emigr. to the U.S. 1883; d. Chicago, IL 13 Jan. 1912; bur. Rankin Union Cemetery, Rankin, IL; m. Sweden 8 April 1878 5. HANSDATIER, Anna, b. Venslev-Holsteinborg Parish, Sor0, Denmark 11 March 1851; emigr. to Sweden 1874 and to the U.S. 1883; d. Rankin, IL 20 June 1933; bur. Rankin Union Cemetery, Rankin, IL. 6. ERIKSSON, Ludvig, farmer, b. Jlirsnlis Parish (Jon.) 6 July 1851; emigr. to the U.S. 1869; d. Rankin, IL 25 April 1936; bur. Rankin Union Cemetery, Rankin, IL; m. Rankin, IL4Feb 1879 7. GUSTAFSON, Mathilda Charlotta, b. Rya, Blilaryd Parish (Jon.) 14 March 1858; emigr. to the U.S. 1871; d. Rankin, IL 17 Dec. 1935; bur. Rankin Union Cemetery, Rankin, IL. III. 8. LARSSON, Sven, tenant farmer (arrendator), b. Svarte Hjlirup, Uppakra Parish 23 March 1819; d. Sweden 7 Jan. 1860; m. (2) Svarte Hjlirup, Uppakra 23 Aug. 1855 9. LARSDOTTER, Hannah, b. Svarte Hjarup, Uppakra JO Oct. 1830; m. (2) 1862; d. 5 Jan. 1893 .. 10. CHRISTENSEN, Hans, farmer(gardsmand), b. Egeslevmagle Parish, Sorn, Denmark 8 Oct. 1811; d. Venslev 22 Feb. 1858; bur. Venslev; m. II. JENSDA TIER, Mette, b. Venslev, Sor0, Denmark 25 Feb. 1858; d. Denmark. 12. PRAK T, Erik Gustaf Eriksson, soldier in Vastra Harad Co. of J onkoping Regiment, b. Jlirsnlis Parish (Jon.) 28 Sept. I 812; emigr. to the U.S . 1869; d. Paxton, IL 16 June 1889; bur. Glen Cemetery, Paxton, IL; m. (I) 13. MAGNIDOTIER, Anna Stina, b. Dala Mellangard, Jarsnlis Parish 16 May 18 13; d. Jlirsnlis 18 Jan. 1855. 14. APELROTH, Gustav Andersson, farmer, b. Blilaryd Parish (Jon.) 17 July 1808; emigr. to the U.S. 1869; d. Rankin, IL 11 Oct. 1880; bur. Rankin Union Cemetery, Rankin, IL; m. 15. ANDERSDOTIER, Anna Catharina, b. Lommaryd Parish (Jon.) 9 April 1818; emigr. to the U.S. 1871; d. Rankin, IL 13 Jan. 1898; bur. Rankin Union Cemetery, Rankin, IL.

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IV. 16. JONSSON, Lars, b. Kn!istorp Parish (Malm.) 25 Feb. 1774; m. 17. CHRISTENSDOTTER, Bengta, b. H!illestad Parish (Malm.) 20 Jan. 1789. 18. NILSSON, Lars, b. Vinstorp. Lomma Parish (Malm.) 26Jan. 1795; d. 22 Oct. 1870; bur. Lomma Cemetery; m. Lomma 26 March 1825 19. HANS DOTTER, Ingar, b. Vinstorp No. 2, Lomma Parish 9 Feb. 1808; d. 16Oct. 1871. 20. CLAUSEN, Christen. 22. MADSEN, Jens, b. Denmark; m. 23 . PEDERSDA TTER, Karen, b. Denmark. 24. HOLM, Eric Hansson, dragoon (dragon) in the Swedish Army; b. 1785; d. 1860; m. 25 . HAKANSDOTTER, Catharina, b. Hultsjo Parish (Jon.) 1787 (?); d. 1828. 26. ANDERSSON, Magnus, farmer, b. Dala Mellangard, J!irsn!is Parish 2 Nov. 1787; d. I April 1861 ; m. 27 Dec. 1812 27. JONSDOTTER, Stina Greta, b. J!irsn!is Parish 21 Sept. 1788; d. I Feb. 1850. 28. GUSTAFSSON, Anders, farmer, b. Flisby Parish (Jon.) 25 March 1759; m. 29. JONSDOTTER, Maria, b. Flisby Parish 1771. 30. HAKANSSON, Anders, farmer, b. Lommaryd Parish (Jon.) 28 July 1786; m. 31. JANSDOTTER, Christina, b. Lommaryd 30 Dec. 1795. V. 32. CLAESSON, Jons, b. Tottarp Parish (Malm.) 26 Feb. 1734; d. 26 Feb. 1776; m. 23 June 1771 33. LARSDOTTER, Hanna, b. Kn!istorp Parish (Malm.) 9 Feb. 1740; d. 9 March 1803. 34. SIMONSSON, Christen, tailor, b. Hlillestad Parish (Malm.) 20 June 1756; d. 27 April 1828; m. 35. JOHANSDOTTER, Margareta, b. Sjostorp Parish (Malm.) 21 April 1757; d. 22 April 1843. 36. SVENSSON, Nils, b. Lomma Parish(Malm.) 23 Feb. 1751; d. 18 May 1801; m. 4 March 1781 37. LARSDOTTER, Elsa, b. Lomma Parish 9 Sept. 1762; d. 4 April 1824. 38. OLSSON, Ha ns , farmer (hemmansiigare), b. Vinstorp No. 5, Lomma Parish 22 March 1765; d. Vinstorp No. 2, Lomma 12 Dec. 1834; m. 31 Oct. 1802 39. HANSDOTTER, Hanna, b. Malmohus liin in Dec. 1774; d. 19 March 1837. 46. NIELSEN, Peder. 48. OLSSON, Hans, b. 1755; m. 49. ERSDOTTER, Elisabet, b. 1757. 50. ---, Hakan, b. 1738; m. 51. ---, Catrina, b. 1748. 52. JONSSON, Anders, b. Lekeryd Parish (Jon.) I Oct. 1752; d. 24 Dec. 1819; m. 1782 53 . MANSDOTTER, Stina, b. Svarttorp Parish (Jon.) I May 1752. 54. ANDERSSON, Jons, b. Jlirsnlis Parish (Jon.) 1741 ; m. 55. JOHANNISDOTTER, Annica, b. Jlirsnlis 1753. VI. 64 . KNUTSSON, Claes, b. Ostra Skrlivlinge Parish (Malm.) 20 Nov. 1692; d. 16 March 1771 ; m. 1721 65. LARSDOTTER, Hanna, b. Tottarp Parish (Malm.) 1706; d. 18 April 1770. 66. JONSSON, Lars, m. 67. ---, Elsa. 68. JONSSON, Simon 74. PERSSON, Lars, b. Lomma Parish (Malm.) 10 April 1741; d. 14 May 1786; m. 29Nov. 1761 75. ANDERSDOTTER, Ingeborg, b. 1740; d. 22 Aug. 1823. 76. PERSSON, Ola, tenant farmer (hemmansabo), b. Prlistberga, Lomma Parish (Malm.) 1725; d. Vinstorp No. 6, Lomma 29 Jan. 1802; m. Lomma 22 March 1755 77. JEPPASDOTTER, Ingeborg, b. Karstorp, Lomma Parish 1730; d. Vinstorp, Lomma 9 Nov. 1797. 78. HANSSON, Hans, tenant farmer(abo), b. in Smaland 1738; d. 1807; m. (2) 24June 1774 79. NILSDOTTER, Aida, b. Lomma Parish 6 April 1740; d. 6 Jan. 1776; bur. Lomma cemetery. 98. SIMONSSON, Eric, b. 1708, m. 99. ERSDOTTER, Margit, b. 1709.

32 Ancestor Tables

VII. 128. JONSSON, Knut, b. 1657; d. 2 July 1723; m. 129. CLAUSDOTTER, Elna, b. 1667; d. I July 1719. 148. LARSSON, Per, tenant farmer (abo), b. Vigenstorp, Lomma Parish 10 March 1697; he farmed Prastberga, the manse of the local clergyman; d. Vigenstorp, Lomma 1765; m. (I) Lomma 26 Dec. 1720 (No. 153); m. (2) Lomma 7 April 1735 (No. 149) 149. ADAMSDOTTER, Eva, b. 1702; d. Vinstorp, Lomma 21 June 1772. 150. JONSSON, Anders. 152. = 148. 153. NILSDOTTER, Magdalena, b. 16 March 1691 ; d. 19 Sept. 1734. 154. NILSSON, Jeppa, tenant farmer(abo) in Karstorp, Lomma Parish, b. 1692; d. Karstorp 13 Jan. 1771; m. 30 Nov. 1728 155. HANSDOTTER, Ingar. 159. JONSDOTTER, Anna, b. Vigenstorp, Lomma 1700; d. I May 1783. VIII. 256. LARSSON, Jon, b. 20 Nov. 1627; d. 22 Feb. 1698; m. 257. KNUTSDOTTER, Sissa, b. 17 Aug. 1626; d. 15 Oct. 1699. 296. PERSSON, Lars, tenant farmer (hemmansabo), b. Blasberg, Lomma Parish 1658; d. Vigenstorp in March 1728 and bur. in the Lomma cemetery; m. ( I) 2 March 1684; m. (2) Lomma 30 July 1693 (No. 297) 297. NILSDOTTER, Elsa. 298. JONSSON, Adam, b. 1674; d. 1753; m. 1701 299. HANSDOTTER, Kerstin, b. 1676; d. 1760. 304. = 296. 305. = 297. 306. PALSSON, Nils, tenant farmer (abo) in Prastberga, Lomma Parish. 308. JEPSSON, Nils, tenant farmer(abo), b. 1664; d. in Karstorp, Lomma28 March 1728; m. 309. - , Karna, b. 1655; d. 6 Jan. 1729. IX. 592. LARSSON, Per, b. 1626; d. 9 March 1718; bur. 9 March 1718 in Lomma cemetery; m. 593. - , Anna, b. 1638; d. 21 Nov. 1717; bur. Lomma cemetery. 594. HANSSON, Nils, lived at Vigenstorp in Lomma Parish; m. 595. - , Hanna. 610. = 594. 611. = 595. 616. ANDERSSON, Jeppa, b. 1597; d. Karstorp, Lomma Parish 20 June 1689. X. 1184. - , Lars, b. ca. 1600.

Appendix A-Sources

Ancestors of No. 9 (Hannah Larsdotter) are listed and referred to as members of the Wigenstorp family in AW. Lundberg and Vilh. Ljungfors, Tre Skanska Bondesliikter friln Viistra Bara (Lund 1915). Microfilm copies of this book are available in the Swenson Swedish Immigration Research Center, Augustana College, Rock Island, IL, University of Illinois Library, Urbana, IL and University of Minnesota Library, Minneapolis, MN. Other sources for this ancestor table include the Emigrant Registers for Goteborg and Malmo, parish records in Jonkoping and Malmohus liin, Stadsarkivet in Malmo, Landsarkivet in Vadstena, Krigsarkivet in Stockholm, and Landsarkivet for Sjrelland, Lolland-Falster and Bornholm, Copenhagen. Margaret Swedberg Olson, Hastings, MN (great-granddaughter of Nos. 8 and 9) and Karin Nilsson of Helsingborg, Sweden furnished information on the ancestors of No. 8 (Sven Larsson). The Emigrant Institute in Vaxjo and parish pastors in Vireda (Jon.) and Venslev (Sorn), Denmark also provided assistance.

33 Swedish American Genealogist

Appendix B - Selected Demographic Trends

Following is'a summary of some of the demographic characteristics present in Ancestor Table XXIX. Preparation of this summary is clearly a much easier task than explaining the patterns that are exhibited. The scope of the trend analysis is governed by the immigrant generation (No. II in Ancestor Table XXIX) and includes the ancestors and descendants of these four persons (Nos. 4, 5, 6 and 7). We pose the general question: Were the demographic patterns present in this family prior to emigration continued in the USA? A number of limitations in this particular data base need to be recognized. In addition to the usual questions about the accuracy of the reported data, the list of ancestors is incomplete prior to Generation III. This means that a sampling of the total population of ancestors occurs in Generations IV through IX and the representativeness of such a sample based on record availability cannot be determined. Nevertheless, the summarization of the available data is instructive and serves to provide a profile of trends in selected demographic variables in this particular augmented ancestor table. The numbers of persons in each generation entering the sample for each of the six analyses are presented in Table 1. Generation II in Ancestor Table XXIX is designated as the immigrant generation and interest lies in the degree of continuity in demographic trends in the descendants of Generation II in the USA. In order to broaden the base for these observations, Generation I is augmented with the adult siblings of nos. 2 and 3 in Ancestor Table XXIX, the grandchildren (Generation 0) and great-grandchildren (Generation -I) of the immigrant generation (Generation II). Spouses of the siblings of Nos. 2 and 3 and spouses of descendants in Generations O and -I are not included in the analyses. They are considered to have "married into the family" and are not descendants of the immigrant generation (Nos. 4, 5, 6 and 7). Only three descendants (Nos. 1, 2 and 3) of immigrant generation are in the ancestor table. The names of the other 27 descendants of Generation II that do not appear in Ancestor Table XXIX, may be obtained from the author. Nearly complete lists of descendants of members of Generation III are also available on request. In each of the six cases a statistical analysis has been used to determine if a trend exists. If the trend-line cannot be statistically distinguished from a horizontal line, the latter is shown in the figure. The results of the statistical analysis of the data are available from the author. In figures 2-6, individual observations are ranked by birth year and equally spaced on the horizontal axis, rather than on a scale corresponding to the birth year. The trend lines are based on calculated values for the earliest and latest birth date. Generation Span. Has there been a trend in the number of years between succeeding generations? For our purpose, generation span is defined as the difference betwen the average birth years of succeeding generations. Figure 1 indicates an average generation span of 33.1 years for the ten intervals shown. The pattern of slightly more than three generations per century has remained

34 Ancestor Tables reasonably stable. It should be noted that data are incomplete for Generations IV through IX and that sampling is based on record availability. The long span between Generations II and III is of interest. All members of Generation II emigrated from Sweden to the USA and the longer generation span (37.9 years) may reflect a younger position of the emigrants with respect to their siblings than in other generations.

Average Age of Parent at Birth of First and Last Child. The generation span depends in part on the sequence in which an ancestor appears in relation to his / her siblings. Related to this is the pattern of parents' ages with respect to those of their children. In order to study this aspect of the ancestor table it is necessary to use information available on siblings and half-siblings. Lack of this information reduced the size of sample to that indicated in Table I (note column headed by Fig. 2 & Fig. 3). Generation O is included under the assumption that members of this generation are beyond their child-bearing ages. Generation -I is excluded because members of this generation are currently reproducing and the "last" child has not yet been determined. Figure 2 indicates a rather persistent pattern of the father's age at birth of the first child- an average of 28.9 years. The decline in the age of the father at birth of last child is associated with the drop in total number of children (Figure 4). The pattern for mothers (Figure 3) is similar to that of fathers, but with a somewhat shorter period of years between first and last child. The average age of mothers at the time of birth of the first child is 27. 7 years. In the event of more than one marriage, the data for both fathers and mothers includes children from all marriages. This also applies to the next analysis (Fig. 4). Although the average age for mothers at birth of first child seems unusually high, it is not inconsistent with data presented by Erland Hofsten and Hans Lundstrom, Swedish Population History, Main Trends, 1750-1970, UR VAL No. 8, Table 2.2 and Figure 2.4, Swedish Central Bureau of Statistics (Stockholm 1976).

Number of Children. The decline is number of children per parent (Figure 4) should come as no surprise. The first entry is a father born in 1658 with 11 children. This is Lars Persson (No. 296). He had two marriages and the records indicate that only 3 of his 11 children lived to adulthood. Fairly high rates of infant mortality persisted until Generation I. For example, of the children born to the immigrant generation (II), 27 percent died before reaching one year of age. This percentage was reduced to zero for the next generation (I). Age Difference of Spouses. Figure 5 shows a substantial variation in the number of years by which the ages of spouses differ. In seven cases out of 41, the wife's age exceeded that of her husband. There is no statistically significant trend. Although the average age difference of 4.5 years describes the central tendency of spouse age difference over the generations, the variation appears to have decreased. Longevity. Has there been a trend in life span? Data on age at death are available for 57 persons and the numbers of persons in each generation are listed in Table I. Generation I is included because all of its members are now deceased.

35 Swedish American Genealogist

Generation O is excluded because some of its members are living. Birth years range from 1597 to 1890 and ages at death range from 29 to 92. Two variables are chosen to explain, in a statistical sense, the variation in age at death-(!) year of birth and (2) gender. Year of birth may be viewed as an indicator of the many changes in external influences on life span that have occurred over the last three centuries. The ability of these two variables to explain variation in longevity is very small together they explain only 2.9 percent of the variation in age at death. Neither birth year nor gender was statistically significant. The average age at death for the 57 persons is 67. l years and this average does not need to be adjusted for year of birth or gender. Clearly, many other factors contribute to longevity. With this particular set of data it is difficult to support the hypothesis that improved nutrition and medicine have had an impact on longevity of those who survive to reproduce. It is important to point out that these persons are a subset of the larger population considered to be members of the "family" associated with Ancestor Table XXIX. Figure 6 includes only those persons who reached adulthood and thus the data do not reflect reductions in, for example, infant mortality and deaths caused by childhood diseases. Data on expectation of life at birth, by sex, 1751-1970 for Sweden are presented in Hofsten and Lundstrom, op cit, Fig. 3.8. Summary. The pattern that emerges from these six charts is one of stability and continuity. There is little evidence that dramatic changes have occurred in the patterns displayed by the selected demographic variables subsequent to the emigration of Generation II from Sweden. Table 1. Sample Sizes for Figures 1-6, by Generations

Augmented Ancestor Table XXIX

Generation Average Total ------Number of persons in sample------Birth Number Fig. I Fig. 2 Fig. 4 Fig. 5 Fig. 6 Year & Fig. 3 -I * 1952 15 15 0 ** 1915 8 8 6 6 7 *** 1887 7 7 6 6 5 7 II 1854 4 4 4 4 4 4 Jll 1816 8 8 8 8 8 7 IV 1787 16 II 2 2 to 6 V 1752 32 16 4 4 16 9 VI 1723 64 IO 0 0 IO 8 VII 1685 128 6 4 4 6 7 VJIJ 1653 256 6 2 2 4 6 IX 1621 512 3 0 0 2 3

TOTAL 94 36 36 72 57

* includes adult great grandchildren of immigrant generation (Nos. 4, 5, 6 and 7). ** includes adult grandchildren of immigrant generation (Nos. 4, 5, 6 and 7). *** includes adult siblings of Nos. 2 and 3.

36 Ancestor Tables FIG.1 Generation Span Ancestor Table XXIX

IMMIGRANT GENERATION SPAN(years)

0 1621 1653 1685 1723 1752 1787 1816 1854 1887 1915 AVERAGE BIRTH YEAR FOR GENERATION

- INTERVAL IN YEARS

Generations I, 0 and -I include all adult descendants of Generation 11. FIG.2 Fathers-Age at Birth of First and Last Child Ancestor Table XXIX

AGE(years) 60~------~

50 " " " 40 " D D " 30 D D FIRST CHILlf " D D D D D D " D 20 1658 1787 1819 1886 1922 BIRTH YEAR OF FATHER

• FIRST CHILD " LAST CHILD

(see Table 1 for coverage)

Ancestor Tables FIG.5 Spouse Age Difference Husband's Age Minus Wife's Age Ancestor Table XXIX

DIFFERENCE(years) 20

- z 15 z z z z z ~ z z z 10 z z z z z z AVERAGE DIFFERENCE,4.5 YRS.z z 5 ~ "x "x 2' z z z z z z z z z 0 z z - z~- z -

z - 5 z z

-10 I I I I I I I 1626 1738 1785 1880 1924 BIRTH YEAR OF HUSBAND (see Table No. 1 for coverag e) FIG. 6 Longevity Ancestor Table XXIX

AGE AT DEATH 100 ,------~ AVERAGE AGE--67.1 YEARS

0 80 0 0 0 0 6 66 0 0 60 ------0 - 0 0 0 6 0

0 0 0 40 -- ·- -- 0 6 0

1597 1674 1730 1757 1795 1856 1897 YEAR OF BIRTH

6 MALE o FEMALE

(see Table 1 for coverage)

39 Carl Sandburg as a Political Candidate

Harry H. Anderson*

It is generally known that Carl Sandburg, the noted Swedish-American poet and author, was active in the Social-Democratic Party in Wisconsin early in the 20th century, and that he served for a time as private secretary to Emil Seidel, Milwaukee's first Socialist mayor. Yet none of the biographies of Sandburg, nor the studies of his involvement with the Milwaukee Socialists, contain any hint that he was ever a candidate for an elective position under the Socialist party banner. 1 As a matter of fact, however, Sandburg did run for public office as a Socialist in the fall of 1910, losing in a three way race for a seat in the Wisconsin State Assembly. Born in Galesburg, Illinois of Swedish immigrant parents, Sandburg came to Milwaukee in 1907 to work as an organizer for the Social-Democratic Party, then rapidly becoming a power in Milwaukee municipal politics. The Socialists hoped to expand their appeal elsewhere in Wisconsin, and Sandburg labored for several years in the Fox River Valley and Lake Michigan shore districts, seeking to attract voters to the party standard. He later returned to Milwaukee and was employed as a feature writer and reporter for several local newspapers, while keeping up his contacts with the Socialist movement. 2 In April, 1910, the Social-Democrats swept into power in the City of Milwaukee, capturing the mayor's office, most of the other important city-wide positions, 21 of 35 aldermanic seats, and two civil judgeships. Later that fall, the party elected a majority on the County Board of Supervisors, won 12 of 16 seats in the State Assembly from Milwaukee County, and gained two of its three seats in the Wisconsin Senate. The voters of Wisconsin's Fifth Congressional District also elected Victor L. Berger, the party leader and chief spokesman, as the first Socialist to sit in the U.S. House of Representatives. 3 In spite of these landslide successes, one of the few defeats suffered by Social-Democratic candidates in the 1910 races was the contest in which Carl Sandburg was the party nominee. He had earlier been chosen by mayor-elect Seidel as his private secretary. He also found time to write occasional feature articles for the party's weekly newspaper, the Social-Democratic Herald, on such topics as "The Muck Rakers" and "A Labor Day Talk." In early July, 1910 the party referendum to select candidates for the state ticket resulted in Sandburg being chosen to be their standard bearer in the Seventh Wisconsin Assembly District. In

• Harry H. Anderson is the Executive Director of the Milwaukee County Historical Society, 310 North Old World Third Street, Milwaukee, WI 53203.

40 Carl Sandburg as a Political Candidate this capacity he attended the Socialist platform convention in Madison late in September. On occasion he was referred to as "Charles" rather than Carl in newspaper reports, although the latter name was most often used. 4 The assignment given Sandburg by the Socialists was a difficult one. His candidacy was part of an effort to fill out the Socialist Party ticket for every race in Milwaukee County, even where chances of success were slim. The heavily Republican Seventh District was made up of the rural townships of Franklin, Greenfield, and Wauwatosa (Sandburg resided in the latter); the industrial communities of West Milwaukee and West Allis; and the City of Wauwatosa. Sandburg's principal opponent in the contest was Charles B. Perry, a Republican attorney who also was the three term mayor of the City of Wauwatosa. A Democrat, John J. Mulhaney, was also in the running. The outcome of the November election was not, therefore, unexpected. In the official final results, published in the Wisconsin Blue Book, Perry received 1,886 votes (48.7%), Mulhaney 1,033 (26.7%) and Sandburg 956 (24.7%). 5 An earlier incomplete tabulation published in the Milwaukee newspapers the day after the election provided a breakdown on the balloting by communities in the district. These preliminary figures, even though incomplete, reveal patterns of voting which help explain both the reasons for Sandburg's defeat and identify the areas where his campaign efforts proved most effective. 6 Sandburg Mulhaney Perry Total Franklin 15 81 89 185 Greenfield 111 127 179 417 Wauwatosa Township 271 409 812 1,492 West Milwaukee 117 37 96 250 Wauwatosa City 57 86 361 504 West Allis 36 18 43 97 607 758 1,580 2,945

Later returns 349 275 306 930 Official Totals 956 1,033 1,886 3,387 It is significant that Sandburg actually ran ahead of his two opponents in the late returns. (The difference between the initial post-election day figures reported in the press and the final tabulation included in the official canvas.) Much of this support undoubtedly came from West Allis, a working class community, whose total vote of 97 in the preliminary count was obviously too low for a city of over 6,600 residents. The initial plurality assembled by winner Perry, however, was too great for Sandburg's late surge to overcome. Perry, the Republican, ran strongest in the city and township of Wauwatosa, where he had long been active in politics and was well known. Sandburg's best showing was in West Milwaukee, also a working class community, where he

41 Swedish American Genealogist

undoubtedly benefitted from the close ties between the Socialist movement and organized labor. In the final official overall totals, the 32 year old Sandburg finished only 2% and 77 votes behind the Democrat Mulhaney. All considered-his short residency in the district, the rural conservative nature of much of the constituency, and his status as a third party candidate-Sandburg ran a very creditable race. In the same district two years earlier, the Social-Democratic candidate had received only 14% of the vote in another three way contest. Sand burg remained a member of Mayor Seidel's staff until March, 1911 when he resigned, disenchanted with the mundane day-to-day demands of public service and hopeful of spending more time writing for the Herald and the Socialists' new daily paper, The Milwaukee Leader. In September, 1912, he moved to Chicago, and except for occasional visits, thus ended his Milwaukee career. As far as is known, Sandburg never again offered himself as a candidate for public office.

Notes

1For example, see: North Callahan, Carl Sandburg: Lincoln of Our Literature (New York, 1970); Harry L. Golden, Carl Sandburg (Cleveland, 1961); Helga Sandburg.A Great and Glorious Romance: The Story of Car/ Sandburg and Lillian Steichen (New York, 1978) and Where Love Begins (New York, 1989). The Milwaukee studies include Will C. Conrad, "Carl Sandburg's Milwaukee Days" and Walter Wyrich, "As Milwaukeeans Remember Carl Sandburg" in The Historical Messenger ofthe Milwaukee County Historical Society (June, 1953, vol. 9, no. 2) pp. 6-10, 11-12; and Gary F. Keller, "Carl Sandburg's Wisconsin Years," The Historical Messenger ofthe Milwaukee County Historical Society. (Winter, 1974, vol. 30, no. 4), pp. 106-116. 2Gary F. Keller, "Carl Sandburg's Wisconsin Years," The Historical Messenger ofthe Milwaukee County Historical Society (Winter, 1984, vol. 30, no. 4) pp. 106-110. 3Marvin Wachman, History of the Social-Democratic Party of Milwaukee, 1897-J.910 (Urbana, Illinois, 1945), pp. 70-72. 4 The Social Democratic Herald (Milwaukee), July 9, July 23, September 3, September 27, October I, 1910. 'J .D. Beck (compiler), The Blue Book ofthe State of Wisconsin (Madison, 1911, p. 771 (biographical sketch of Charles B. Perry provides official vote totals for the 1910 assembly race). 'Milwaukee Journal, November 9, 1910; Milwaukee Sentinel, November 9, 1910; Social-Democratic Herald, November 12. 1910.

Who Was Benjamin Suel?

In 1846 the Swedish King, Oscar I, presented the North American sea captain, Benjamin Sue!, his royal medal, Illis quorum meruere /abores ("to those who through their labors are deserving") in gold for aiding the crew of a Swedish vessel in distress. Who was Benjamin Sue! and what was the nature of his rescue action? The motto of this royal medal, still in existence, is taken from the Roman poet, Sex. Aurelius Propertius' Elegiae, IV, 4, 21.

42 Genealogical Queries

Queries from subscribers to Swedish American Genealogist will be listed here free of charge on a "space-available basis." The editor reserves the right to edit the question to conform to the general format.

Justice Can anyone help with information concerning the parents and birth place of Catherine Justice? Catherine m. James McDonald in New Castle, DE ca. 1745. I also need to know the children of Catherine and James. What information does anyone have on Magness Justice? Barbara Moore Route 12, Box 378 New Braunfels, TX 78132 621

Erickson I am looking for information concerning F.L. Erickson, a railway contractor from Minneapolis, who worked on the Canadian Pacific Railway, west of Thunder Bay, Ontario 1877-1879 and perhaps longer. Both he and his wife Serina were b. in Sweden ca. 1828 and ca. 1831 respectively. Their children - Sophia and Charles F. were b. in the U.S. ca. 1858 and ca. 1860 respectively. The 188 I Census of Canada also lists more than 50 Swedish "navvies" who worked under Erickson. Elinor Barr Scandinavian Heritage Project 104 Ray Boulevard Thunder Bay, Ontario, CANADA P7B 4C4 622

Totterman I am looking for information about Knute Selim Totterman, b. in Inga Prish, Nyland liin, Finland 27 June 1867. In 1901 he was ordained an Episcopalian priest in the Missionary District of Duluth, MN and served the St. Peter's Swedish Mission there before coming to Port Arthur, Ontario in 1906 to found the St. Angarius Episcopal Mission there. Elinor Barr Scandinavian Heritage Project 104 Ray Boulevard Thunder Bay, Ontario, CANADA P7B 4C4 623

Himmelman, Hierta, Sioblad, Rosing I am looking for descendants in Sweden, Finland or the U.S. of the following persons - Johan Justus or Johan Frederic Himmelmann (first half of the 19th

43 Swedish American Genealogist

century); Maj. Gen. Per Hierta (the 1600s); Baron and Gen. Carl Sioblad (the 1600s) and the Rosings from Finland. John 0. Satterlee 213 Frederick Avenue Fort Atkinson, WI 53538 624

Anderson, Jonasson, Gabrielsdotter, Johansdotter, Nilsdotter I would like to get information regarding the following persons: I. Car!Johan Anderson, b. 7 March 1839, his wife Eva Sophia Zachrisdotter, b. 17 Feb. 1840 and their children - Hilma Sophia, b. I Dec. 1864 and Carl Oskar, b. I Dec. 1868. They emigr. from Sweden 20 April 1876, their destination being Ottumwa, IA. 2. Carl August Jonasson, b. 12 Nov. 1857; emigr. to Iowa 1880 . . 3. Eva Katrina Gabrielsdotter, b. 9 Jan. 1822 and her dau., Anna Lovisa Johansdotter, b. 4 April 1855, who emigr. to Albia, IA 30 May 1876. 4. Thilda Lovisa Nilsdotter, b. 5 Dec. 1853, who emigr. to North America 17 May 1872. Any help would be most appreciated. R.D. Nelson 5408 South Brandon Seattle, WA 98118 625

Hellman/Hillman I am searching for descendants of Anders Wilhelm Hellman, b. in Gusselhyttan, Linde Country Parish (6re.) 14 April 1851, the s. of Anders Andersson and Lovisa Jansdotter and his wife, Stina Lovisa Nilsdotter, b. in Nederhyttan, Rams berg Parish (6re.) 24 May 1856, the dau. of Nils Nilsson and Stina Ericsdotter. Anders Wilhelm Hellman and Stina Lovisa Nilsdotter were m. 28 Dec. 1876. They had the following children, all b. in Sweden - Anders Wilhelm, b. in Karberg, Snavlunda Parish (6re.) 21. Feb. 1877. He moved to Knoxville, IL 1891 and m. his cousin, Theckla Gertrude Hellman 11 March 1902. Theirs., Leonard William Hillman became my father. Frans Oscar, b. I Oct. 1878. Karl Robert, b. 2 May 1882. Josefina Lovisa, b. 8 Feb. 1885; d. 20 Nov. 1886. Lovisa Albertina, b. 14 Oct. 1887; d. 19 Aug. 1892. Johan Verner, b. 5 Aug. 1890. Albertina Lovisa, b. 23 May 1893. Marta Josefina, b. 8 July 1895; d. 26 Jan. 1897. Robert Vernell Hillman 1521 "C" Street, Apt. D Charleston, IL 61920 626

44 Genealogical Queries

Johansson/ Johnson I am seeking information regarding Selma Carolina Johansson/ Johnson, b. in Hammar Parish (Ore.) 9 Aug. 1873, who emigr. 19 Sept. 1890 and settled in Rockford, IL. The only address known to us is dated April 1892, when she was res. at I 205 Ninth St., Rockford. Any information regarding Selma Johnson's whereabouts after 1892 or her descendants would be very much appreciated. Kurt Larsson Dalviksringen 43 552 60 Jonkoping, SWEDEN 627

Olsson/ Olausson We are looking for information concerning two emigrants named Olsson or Olausson - I. Johan Emil b. in Hassle Parish (Skar.) 8 Nov. 1866. He probably emigr. to Chicago, where he supposedly married. 2. Per-Olof, b. in Hassle Parish 30 Aug. 1877. He emigr. via Goteborg 30 April 1897, his destination being Rosehill in Chicago. We hope that it will be possible to trace these two emigrants. Ethel and Stig Larsson Almvagen 17 523 00 Ulricehamn, SWEDEN 628

Peterson, Soderlund I am looking for information on my grandfather, Charles Ferdinand Peterson, b. in Stockholm 1873. He came to America in the I 890s with his sister Anna and settled in Chicago. His sister m. a man by the name of Jacobson. Grandfather left Chicago before 1911 and settled in a community called Auburndale or Annandale near Rego Park in New York. While he lived here he attended the Covenant Congregational Church in Corona, whose pastor was Emil Holmblad. In the late teens he moved to Port Jefferson, NY. My grandmother was Amelia Josephine Soderlund, b. in Sweden 1876. I also have a picture of a vessel called the Clove Rock or Cleverock. I am assuming that this is the ship my grandparents came over on. Who can verify? Christine Peterson 3805 Sherwood Lane, Apt. 34 Houston, TX 77092 629

Larson I am trying to locate the place of birth in Sweden of my paternal great grandparents and their siblings. Records on file in Rockford, IL, where they settled and where they were buried only state that they were b. in Sweden. My paternal great grandfather, Gust Larson, was b. ca. 1838. Hem. a woman named Maria/ Marie/ Mary and they had three children -

45 Swedish American Genealogist

Ida M., b. 1866; d. 1923. Anna Charlotta, b. 1868, d. 1904. John R., b. 1870; d. 1942. Vernis Billstrand Allen 7109 Coralite Street Long Beach, CA 90808 630

Nyvall When Johannes Alfred Nyvall, clergyman in Solleron, Dalarna, died in 1930, his estate inventory lists two sons living in California - Yngve Nyvall, a physician and Ragnar Nyvall, an engineer. Can anyone furnish information as to these two emigrants? Kjell Nordqvist Karlskoga hembygdsforening Hotellgatan 5 691 31 Karlskoga, SWEDEN 631

Hagglund My maternal great grandmother, Anna Hagglund, b. 9 Oct. 1844, emigr. to America together with her dau. Beda Christina, her husband, Johan Henning Andersson and three other children. Two additional children were b. in Chicago, where the family settled. An older dau., also named Anna Hagglund, b. 8 Aug. 1872, emigr. to Chicago 1889. According to a family story she m. a Danish physician. Though I have found the family in the U.S. Census for 19 IO, I need to know what happened to them and if there are living descendants. Elsie Frolander Klackvagen I D 852 54 Sundsvall, SWEDEN 632

Petersdotter, Mansson I am looking for further information on Anna Maria Petersdotter, b. 8 Sept. 1833, birth place not known. Shem. Anders Mansson 9 July 1854 and the couple lived at Ekekullen in Hyssna Parish (Alvs.). They had one child, Maria, b. 25 Sept. 1854 at Ekekullen. She was my grandmother. She m. Lars Emil Anderson in Cambridge, MA 9 July 1889. I need to know data on her arrival in the U.S. Also I need information to extend the family tree. Ruth E. Anderson Lemee 815 Bedford Street Bridgewater, MA 02324 633

Soderstrom, Sweeney, Andersen I am looking for information on Aem Soderstrom and Edila Andersen,

46 Genealogical Queries parents of Charles and Thomas Soderstrom. Charles was b. in Sweden 22 Jan. I 855. Both Charles and Thomas lived in Bay City, MI. Charles m. Matilda Augusta Sweeney 26 March 1894 in Bay City. Her father was Gustav Sweeney and she had three brothers, Albert, Charles and Magnus. Matilda Augusta was b. in Kungsbacka 19 May 1868. Kenneth M. Johnson 16132 Anstell Court Mt. Clemens, MI 48044 634

Johansson, Soderstrom I am looking for information on Carl Johansson, father of Eric, who was b. in Hal(m)stad, Sweden 9 Aug. 1901. Eric lived in Bay City, MI, where hem. Ruth Victoria Soderstrom, with whom he had two children - Roland and Gwen. Kenneth M . Johnson 16132 Anstell Court Mt. Clemens, MI 48044 635

Aden, Olson, Pederson, Larson, Johnson I am looking for information on Ida Maria Aden, wife of Hans Christian Johnson, who came from Christiania (Oslo), Norway. They were m. in Bay City, MI 24 Dec. I 898. Additionally I am seeking information on Johanna Olson, who m. Henry Larson, and had with him several children, including Wallace John, b. in Aurora, IL 31 Oct. 1891 . The family story is that this family returned to Sweden. Finally, I desire information on Inga Mary Pederson, who had m. Hans Christian Johnson in an earlier marriage. They resided after 1885 in Bay City, MI and had two children - Hilda and Emma S. Amy. Kenneth M . Johnson 16132 Anstell Court Mt. Clemens, MI 48044 636

Johnson, Hallgren, Turner, Isaksson I wish to contact descendants of Jenny Elizabeth Johnson, nee Hallgren, probably b. in Tahult, Kolingared Parish (Alvs.) 23 June 1869 (?). She emigr. ca. 1885 and res. at 6808 So. Carpenter Ave., Chicago. Shed. 5 Oct. 1957. She had at least one dau., Lydia M. Turner. Jenny's sister Alma m. Johan Rikard Isaksson and descendants of the Isakssons are also curious about Jenny's family. Beverly Nore!! Nicholas 5558 W. Donna Drive Brown Deer, WI 53223 637

47 Swedish American Genealogist

Bennett I wish to find any information concerning David Bennett, b. in Strangsered Parish (Alvs.), who emigr. to Chicago. He had a dau. Hilma, who in turn had a dau., who m. a World Warr II serviceman. A Frank Bennett, who was either a brother or son of David, also res. in Chicago. Relatives in Strangsered are interested in knowing about these families. Beverly Norell Nicholas 5558 W. Donna Drive Brown Deer, WI 53223 638

Landon/Lunden My maternal grandmother, Hilda Olivia Landon, whose Swedish surname must have been Lunden, was b. in Sweden, probably Skane, in 1879 and arr. in the U.S. with her parents and other family members when she was 5 or 6 years old. The family settled in St. Louis, MO, where Hilda's sister Josephine lived next door, m. to a man by the name of Eck. Mrs. Jean Berg 706 E. 71 st Street Indianapolis, IN 46220 639

Faa I am an adopted child trying to get some help with something I have been thinking about for a long time. My name is Barbro Hedman and I live in a suburban area north of Stockholm called Vallentuna. I was born in Seattle, WA 29 Aug. 1960 and came to Sweden when I was only two years of age. I would like to know more about my real family and am beginning by attempting to find my real parents. My mother was b. in Minnesota 5 March 1928 and my father was b. in Wisconsin 13 June 1923 . My parents' surname was Faa and they were living in Yakima, WA. My brother Lennart was b. in Yakima 19 Nov. 1957 and is now living on Gotland here in Sweden. I am hoping to hear from the readers of this journal and I would be grateful for any information I can get in this matter which means so much to me. Barbro Hedman F ornminnesvagen 9 186 32 Vallentuna, SWEDEN 640 .,

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