Making the Transition to ANSI C
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1.1 Introduction to C Language
1.1 Introduction to C Language 1 Department of CSE Objectives • To understand the structure of a C-Language Program • To write a minimal C program • To introduce the include preprocessor command • To be able to create good identifiers for quantities in a program • To be able to list, describe and use the basic data types in C • To be able to create and use variables and constants in a C program 2 Department of CSE Agenda • Background of C Language • Structure of a C program • C Comments • Identifiers in C • Data types in C • Variables in C • Constants in C 3 Department of CSE Background of C • C is a middle level language it combines the best elements of high-level languages with the control and flexibility of assembly language • Like most modern languages, C is also derived from ALGOL 60 (1960) • Developed by Dennis Ritchie in 1972 using many concepts from its predecessors – ALGOL,BCPL and B and by adding the concept of data types • American National Standards Institute (ANSI) began the standardization of C in 1983 which was approved in 1989 • In 1990 International Standards Organization (ISO) adopted the ANSI standard version known as C89 • Minor changes were made to C89 in 1995 which came to be known as C95 • Much more significant updates were made in 1999 and named as C99 4 Department of CSE Features of C • C is a structured programming language which allows compartmentalization of code and data • A structured language offers a variety of programming possibilities. For example, structured languages typically support several loop constructs, such as while, do-while, and for. -
Download the Specification
Internationalizing and Localizing Applications in Oracle Solaris Part No: E61053 November 2020 Internationalizing and Localizing Applications in Oracle Solaris Part No: E61053 Copyright © 2014, 2020, Oracle and/or its affiliates. License Restrictions Warranty/Consequential Damages Disclaimer This software and related documentation are provided under a license agreement containing restrictions on use and disclosure and are protected by intellectual property laws. Except as expressly permitted in your license agreement or allowed by law, you may not use, copy, reproduce, translate, broadcast, modify, license, transmit, distribute, exhibit, perform, publish, or display any part, in any form, or by any means. Reverse engineering, disassembly, or decompilation of this software, unless required by law for interoperability, is prohibited. Warranty Disclaimer The information contained herein is subject to change without notice and is not warranted to be error-free. If you find any errors, please report them to us in writing. Restricted Rights Notice If this is software or related documentation that is delivered to the U.S. Government or anyone licensing it on behalf of the U.S. Government, then the following notice is applicable: U.S. GOVERNMENT END USERS: Oracle programs (including any operating system, integrated software, any programs embedded, installed or activated on delivered hardware, and modifications of such programs) and Oracle computer documentation or other Oracle data delivered to or accessed by U.S. Government end users are "commercial -
Chapter 2 Working with Characters and Strings
C02624245.fm Page 11 Friday, October 19, 2007 7:46 PM Chapter 2 Working with Characters and Strings In this chapter: Character Encodings. 12 ANSI and Unicode Character and String Data Types. 13 Unicode and ANSI Functions in Windows . 15 Unicode and ANSI Functions in the C Run-Time Library . 17 Secure String Functions in the C Run-Time Library. 18 Why You Should Use Unicode. 26 How We Recommend Working with Characters and Strings. 26 Translating Strings Between Unicode and ANSI. 27 With Microsoft Windows becoming more and more popular around the world, it is increasingly important that we, as developers, target the various international markets. It was once common for U.S. versions of software to ship as much as six months prior to the shipping of international ver- sions. But increasing international support for the operating system is making it easier to produce applications for international markets and therefore is reducing the time lag between distribution of the U.S. and international versions of our software. Windows has always offered support to help developers localize their applications. An application can get country-specific information from various functions and can examine Control Panel set- tings to determine the user’s preferences. Windows even supports different fonts for our applica- tions. Last but not least, in Windows Vista, Unicode 5.0 is now supported. (Read “Extend The Global Reach Of Your Applications With Unicode 5.0” at http://msdn.microsoft.com/msdnmag/ issues/07/01/Unicode/default.aspx for a high-level presentation of Unicode 5.0.) Buffer overrun errors (which are typical when manipulating character strings) have become a vec- tor for security attacks against applications and even against parts of the operating system. -
Unicode and Code Page Support
Natural for Mainframes Unicode and Code Page Support Version 4.2.6 for Mainframes October 2009 This document applies to Natural Version 4.2.6 for Mainframes and to all subsequent releases. Specifications contained herein are subject to change and these changes will be reported in subsequent release notes or new editions. Copyright © Software AG 1979-2009. All rights reserved. The name Software AG, webMethods and all Software AG product names are either trademarks or registered trademarks of Software AG and/or Software AG USA, Inc. Other company and product names mentioned herein may be trademarks of their respective owners. Table of Contents 1 Unicode and Code Page Support .................................................................................... 1 2 Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 3 About Code Pages and Unicode ................................................................................ 4 About Unicode and Code Page Support in Natural .................................................. 5 ICU on Mainframe Platforms ..................................................................................... 6 3 Unicode and Code Page Support in the Natural Programming Language .................... 7 Natural Data Format U for Unicode-Based Data ....................................................... 8 Statements .................................................................................................................. 9 Logical -
User's Manual
rBOX610 Linux Software User’s Manual Disclaimers This manual has been carefully checked and believed to contain accurate information. Axiomtek Co., Ltd. assumes no responsibility for any infringements of patents or any third party’s rights, and any liability arising from such use. Axiomtek does not warrant or assume any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness or usefulness of any information in this document. Axiomtek does not make any commitment to update the information in this manual. Axiomtek reserves the right to change or revise this document and/or product at any time without notice. No part of this document may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of Axiomtek Co., Ltd. Trademarks Acknowledgments Axiomtek is a trademark of Axiomtek Co., Ltd. ® Windows is a trademark of Microsoft Corporation. Other brand names and trademarks are the properties and registered brands of their respective owners. Copyright 2014 Axiomtek Co., Ltd. All Rights Reserved February 2014, Version A2 Printed in Taiwan ii Table of Contents Disclaimers ..................................................................................................... ii Chapter 1 Introduction ............................................. 1 1.1 Specifications ...................................................................................... 2 Chapter 2 Getting Started ...................................... -
AIX Globalization
AIX Version 7.1 AIX globalization IBM Note Before using this information and the product it supports, read the information in “Notices” on page 233 . This edition applies to AIX Version 7.1 and to all subsequent releases and modifications until otherwise indicated in new editions. © Copyright International Business Machines Corporation 2010, 2018. US Government Users Restricted Rights – Use, duplication or disclosure restricted by GSA ADP Schedule Contract with IBM Corp. Contents About this document............................................................................................vii Highlighting.................................................................................................................................................vii Case-sensitivity in AIX................................................................................................................................vii ISO 9000.....................................................................................................................................................vii AIX globalization...................................................................................................1 What's new...................................................................................................................................................1 Separation of messages from programs..................................................................................................... 1 Conversion between code sets............................................................................................................. -
Introduction
01-P1437 9/8/00 4:54 PM Page 1 ONE Introduction Around twenty years ago a computer revolution started when the IBM PC was released. The IBM PC took computing away from the air-conditioned environ- ment of the mainframe and minicomputer and put it onto the desk of poten- tially everyone. Nowadays most workers have a PC on their desk, and many have a PC at home, too. Laptop computers allow users to have one computer that can be used both at home and at work, as well as on the road. PCs are ge- neric computing devices providing tremendous computing power and flexibil- ity, and all PCs in the world from laptops to desktop PCs and through to servers have fundamentally the same architecture. Living through the PC era has been fun, frustrating, and exciting. However, there is an even bigger revolution on the way with more potential and even more challenges—the move to truly mobile-device-based computing. In the last few years computing devices have been coming onto the mar- ket that provide unparalleled portability and accessibility. Microsoft Windows CE devices, such as the palm-size device and handheld PC, provide cutdown desktop PC capabilities in a really small footprint, and Palm Pilot has been a very successful PDA (Personal Digital Assistant). Microsoft Pocket PC has tremen- dous features for enterprise computing, games, and entertainment. The Win- dows CE operating system has been embedded into many appliances (such as gas pumps and productions systems) for monitoring and control. Unlike the generic PC, these computing devices are not all the same and are designed for specific purposes. -
LTIB Quick Start: Targeting the Coldfire Mcf54418tower Board By: Soledad Godinez and Jaime Hueso Guadalajara Mexico
Freescale Semiconductor Document Number: AN4426 Application Note Rev. 0, December 2011 LTIB Quick Start: Targeting the ColdFire MCF54418Tower Board by: Soledad Godinez and Jaime Hueso Guadalajara Mexico Contents 1 Introduction 1 Introduction................................................................1 The purpose of this document is to indicate step-by-step how 2 LTIB..........................................................................1 to accomplish these tasks: • Install the BSP on a host development system. 2.1 Introduction....................................................1 • Run Linux Target Image Builder (LTIB) to build target 2.2 Installing the BSP...........................................2 images. • Boot Linux on the ColdFire MCF54418 Tower board. 2.3 Running LTIB................................................7 3 Target deployment .................................................13 This document is a guide for people who want to properly set up the Freescale Linux Target Image Builder (LTIB) for the 3.1 The Tower kit ..............................................13 ColdFire MCF54418 Tower Board Support Package (BSP). 3.2 Constructing the Tower kit...........................15 3.3 Programming U-boot, kernel, and root file system.............................................16 2 LTIB 3.4 Configuring U-boot......................................24 3.5 Running.......................................................25 4 Conclusions.............................................................26 2.1 Introduction Freescale GNU/Linux -
A Type-Checking Preprocessor for Cilk 2, a Multithreaded C Language
A Typechecking Prepro cessor for Cilk a Multithreaded C Language by Rob ert C Miller Submitted to the Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science in partial fulllment of the requirements for the degrees of Bachelor of Science in Computer Science and Engineering and Master of Engineering in Electrical Engineering and Computer Science at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology May Copyright Massachusetts Institute of Technology All rights reserved Author ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: :::::::::::::::::::::::: Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science May Certied by ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: ::::::::::::::::::: Charles E Leiserson Thesis Sup ervisor Accepted by ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: ::::::::::::::::::: F R Morgenthaler Chairman Department Committee on Graduate Theses A Typechecking Prepro cessor for Cilk a Multithreaded C Language by Rob ert C Miller Submitted to the Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science on May in partial fulllment of the requirements for the degrees of Bachelor of Science in Computer Science and Engineering and Master of Engineering in Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Abstract This thesis describ es the typechecking optimizing translator that translates Cilk a C ex tension language for multithreaded parallel programming into C The CilktoC translator is based on CtoC a to ol I developed that parses type checks analyzes and regenerates a C program With a translator based on CtoC -
An Introduction to Ada's Predefined Packages
John McCormick Fall 2004 An Introduction to Ada's Predefined Packages The Annexes of the Ada Reference Manual (ARM) provides descriptions of the packages that every conforming Ada compiler vendor must provide (Chapters 1-13 and Annex A) and those that they usually provide. Here is a list of the names of those packages along with the location of their specifications in the ARM. Standard -- A.1 Strings (continued) Ada -- A.2 Unbounded -- A.4.5 Asynchronous_Task_Control -- D.11 Wide_Bounded -- A.4.7 Calendar -- 9.6 Wide_Fixed -- A.4.7 Characters -- A.3.1 Wide_Maps -- A.4.7 Handling -- A.3.2 Wide_Constants -- A.4.7 Latin_1 -- A.3.3 Wide_Unbounded -- A.4.7 Command_Line -- A.15 Synchronous_Task_Control -- D.10 Decimal -- F.2 Tags -- 3.9 Direct_IO -- A.8.4 Task_Attributes -- C.7.2 Dynamic_Priorities -- D.5 Task_Identification -- C.7.1 Exceptions -- 11.4.1 Text_IO -- A.10.1 Finalization -- 7.6 Complex_IO -- G.1.3 Interrupts -- C.3.2 Editing -- F.3.3 Names -- C.3.2 Text_Streams -- A.12.2 IO_Exceptions -- A.13 Unchecked_Conversion -- 13.9 Numerics -- A.5 Unchecked_Deallocation -- 13.11.2 Complex_Elementary_Functions -- G.1.2 Wide_Text_IO -- A.11 Complex_Types -- G.1.1 Complex_IO -- G.1.3 Discrete_Random -- A.5.2 Editing -- F.3.4 Elementary_Functions -- A.5.1 Text_Streams -- A.12.3 Float_Random -- A.5.2 Generic_Complex_Elementary_Functions -- G.1.2 Interfaces -- B.2 Generic_Complex_Types -- G.1.1 C -- B.3 Generic_Elementary_Functions -- A.5.1 Pointers -- B.3.2 Real_Time -- D.8 Strings -- B.3.1 Sequential_IO -- A.8.1 COBOL -- B.4 Storage_IO -- A.9 Fortran -- B.5 Streams -- 13.13.1 Stream_IO -- A.12.1 System -- 13.7 Strings -- A.4.1 Address_To_Access_Conversions -- 13.7.2 Bounded -- A.4.4 Machine_Code -- 13.8 Fixed -- A.4.3 RPC -- E.5 Maps -- A.4.2 Storage_Elements -- 13.7.1 Constants -- A.4.6 Storage_Pools -- 13.11 The purpose of this guide is to help you learn how to read the specifications for these packages. -
A Simple, Possibly Correct LR Parser for C11 Jacques-Henri Jourdan, François Pottier
A Simple, Possibly Correct LR Parser for C11 Jacques-Henri Jourdan, François Pottier To cite this version: Jacques-Henri Jourdan, François Pottier. A Simple, Possibly Correct LR Parser for C11. ACM Transactions on Programming Languages and Systems (TOPLAS), ACM, 2017, 39 (4), pp.1 - 36. 10.1145/3064848. hal-01633123 HAL Id: hal-01633123 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01633123 Submitted on 11 Nov 2017 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. 14 A simple, possibly correct LR parser for C11 Jacques-Henri Jourdan, Inria Paris, MPI-SWS François Pottier, Inria Paris The syntax of the C programming language is described in the C11 standard by an ambiguous context-free grammar, accompanied with English prose that describes the concept of “scope” and indicates how certain ambiguous code fragments should be interpreted. Based on these elements, the problem of implementing a compliant C11 parser is not entirely trivial. We review the main sources of difficulty and describe a relatively simple solution to the problem. Our solution employs the well-known technique of combining an LALR(1) parser with a “lexical feedback” mechanism. It draws on folklore knowledge and adds several original as- pects, including: a twist on lexical feedback that allows a smooth interaction with lookahead; a simplified and powerful treatment of scopes; and a few amendments in the grammar. -
N2429 V 1 Function Failure Annotation
ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 22/WG14 N2429 September 23, 2019 v 1 Function failure annotation Niall Douglas Jens Gustedt ned Productions Ltd, Ireland INRIA & ICube, Université de Strasbourg, France We have been seeing an evolution in proposals for the best syntax for describing how to mark how a function fails, such that compilers and linkers can much better optimise function calls than at present. These papers were spurred by [WG21 P0709] Zero-overhead deterministic exceptions, which proposes deterministic exception handling for C++, whose implementation could be very compatible with C code. P0709 resulted in [WG21 P1095] Zero overhead deterministic failure – A unified mecha- nism for C and C++ which proposed a C syntax and exception-like mechanism for supporting C++ deterministic exceptions. That was responded to by [WG14 N2361] Out-of-band bit for exceptional return and errno replacement which proposed an even wider reform, whereby the most popular idioms for function failure in C code would each gain direct calling convention support in the compiler. This paper synthesises all of the proposals above into common proposal, and does not duplicate some of the detail in the above papers for brevity and clarity. It hews closely to what [WG14 N2361] proposes, but with different syntax, and in addition it shows how the corresponding C++ features can be constructed on top of it, without loosing call compatibility with C. Contents 1 Introduction 2 1.1 Differences between WG14 N2361 and WG21 P1095 . .3 2 Proposed Design 4 2.1 errno-related function failure editions . .5 2.2 When to choose which edition .