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Verbenaceae)Barbola Et Al
498 Floral biology of Stachytarpheta maximiliani Scham. (Verbenaceae)Barbola et al. and its floral visitors Ivana de Freitas Barbola1; Sebastião Laroca2; Maria Christina de Almeida2 & Elynton Alves do Nascimento3 1Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa. Av. Carlos Cavalcanti, 4748, 84030-900 Ponta Grossa-PR, Brazil [email protected] 2Universidade Federal do Paraná. Caixa Postal 19020, 81531-990 Curitiba-PR, Brazil. [email protected]; [email protected] 3Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo. Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, 14040-901 Ribeirão Preto-SP, Brazil. [email protected] ABSTRACT. Floral biology of Stachytarpheta maximiliani Scham. (Verbenaceae) and its floral visitors. This study describes the reproductive system of Stachytarpheta maximiliani (Verbenaceae), including its floral biology, nectar and pollen availability and insect foraging patterns, identifying whose species act as pollinators. It was carried out in a Brazilian Atlantic rain forest site. Observations on the pollination biology of the Verbenaceae S. maximiliani indicate that their flowering period extends from September through May. Anthesis occurs from 5:30 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. and nectar and pollen are available during all the anthesis. Many species of beetles, hemipterans, flies, wasps, bees and butterflies visit their flowers, but bees and butterflies are the most frequent visitors. The flowers are generally small, gathered in dense showy inflorescences. A complex of floral characteristcs, such as violet-blue color of flowers, long floral tubes, without scents, nectar not exposed, high concentration of sugar in nectar (about 32%), allowed identification of floral syndromes (melittophily and psicophily) and function for each visitor. -
Alfred Russel Wallace and the Darwinian Species Concept
Gayana 73(2): Suplemento, 2009 ISSN 0717-652X ALFRED RUSSEL WALLACE AND THE Darwinian SPECIES CONCEPT: HIS paper ON THE swallowtail BUTTERFLIES (PAPILIONIDAE) OF 1865 ALFRED RUSSEL WALLACE Y EL concepto darwiniano DE ESPECIE: SU TRABAJO DE 1865 SOBRE MARIPOSAS papilio (PAPILIONIDAE) Jam ES MA LLET 1 Galton Laboratory, Department of Biology, University College London, 4 Stephenson Way, London UK, NW1 2HE E-mail: [email protected] Abstract Soon after his return from the Malay Archipelago, Alfred Russel Wallace published one of his most significant papers. The paper used butterflies of the family Papilionidae as a model system for testing evolutionary hypotheses, and included a revision of the Papilionidae of the region, as well as the description of some 20 new species. Wallace argued that the Papilionidae were the most advanced butterflies, against some of his colleagues such as Bates and Trimen who had claimed that the Nymphalidae were more advanced because of their possession of vestigial forelegs. In a very important section, Wallace laid out what is perhaps the clearest Darwinist definition of the differences between species, geographic subspecies, and local ‘varieties.’ He also discussed the relationship of these taxonomic categories to what is now termed ‘reproductive isolation.’ While accepting reproductive isolation as a cause of species, he rejected it as a definition. Instead, species were recognized as forms that overlap spatially and lack intermediates. However, this morphological distinctness argument breaks down for discrete polymorphisms, and Wallace clearly emphasised the conspecificity of non-mimetic males and female Batesian mimetic morphs in Papilio polytes, and also in P. -
June 2019 Number 191
June 2019 Number 191 In this issue... June Excursion..................................1 9 June - World Swallowtail Day.............................................................2 Orchard Swallowtail.............2 Ulysses Swallowtail.................3 Cairns Birdwing........................3 Amorphophallus - Camouflagued or just pretty? .......................................................................4 In flower this month......................5 What's Happening.........................6 The rare Megahertzia amplexicaulis in cultivation at Bayview Heights. Photo by Anthony Lagois via Facebook. Cairns Branch.............................6 Townsville Branch....................6 Tablelands Branch...................6 June Excursion June's excursion will take us to the private garden of Anthony Lagois and Brian Moran. Situated on the Cairns hillslopes in Bayview Heights, the garden contains a unique and expanding collection of native rainforest plants. Many things grown here are rarely seen in cultivation. This month's excursion will commence a little earlier than usual - 10 a.m. See the last page for directions and parking instructions. Page 1 SGAP Cairns Branch - Newsletter 191 9 June - World Swallowtail Day The British "Swallowtail and Birdwing Butterfly Trust" have declared 9 June 2019 to be the World Swallowtail Day. This British conservation initiative provides an opportunity to discuss some of our native swallowtail butterflies, and the native plants they eat. Britain's swallowtail butterfly, Papilio machaon is the island nation's -
Diplomarbeit
DIPLOMARBEIT Titel der Diplomarbeit „UV- und Polarisationssignale bei Tagfaltern“ Verfasserin Sandra Schneider angestrebter akademischer Grad Magistra der Naturwissenschaften (Mag.rer.nat.) Wien, 2012 Studienkennzahl lt. Studienblatt: A 439 Studienrichtung lt. Studienblatt: Diplomstudium Zoologie (Stzw) UniStG Betreuer: O. Univ.- Prof. Dr. Hannes F. Paulus 1 Für Papa 2 Inhaltsverzeichnis Danksagung ............................................................................................................................ 5 Abstract .................................................................................................................................... 6 Einleitung................................................................................................................................. 7 Material und Methode ...................................................................................................... 14 Untersuchungen am Rasterelektronenmikroskop .................................................. 14 Untersuchung des Schillereffekts aus versch. Betrachtungswinkeln ................. 15 Untersuchung der Polarisationsmuster ..................................................................... 17 Untersuchung der UV-Muster ...................................................................................... 21 Untersuchung zum Thema Wärmeschutz ................................................................. 21 Ergebnisse ............................................................................................................................ -
Samia Cynthia in New Jersey Book Review, Market- Place, Metamorphosis, Announcements, Membership Updates
________________________________________________________________________________________ Volume 61, Number 4 Winter 2019 www.lepsoc.org ________________________________________________________________________________________ Inside: Butterflies of Papua Southern Pearly Eyes in exotic Louisiana venue Philippine butterflies and moths: a new website The Lepidopterists’ Society collecting statement updated Lep Soc, Southern Lep Soc, and Assoc of Trop Lep combined meeting Butterfly vicariance in southeast Asia Samia cynthia in New Jersey Book Review, Market- place, Metamorphosis, Announcements, Membership Updates ... and more! ________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ Contents www.lepsoc.org ________________________________________________________ Digital Collecting -- Butterflies of Papua, Indonesia ____________________________________ Bill Berthet. .......................................................................................... 159 Volume 61, Number 4 Butterfly vicariance in Southeast Asia Winter 2019 John Grehan. ........................................................................................ 168 Metamorphosis. ....................................................................................... 171 The Lepidopterists’ Society is a non-profit ed- Membership Updates. ucational and scientific organization. The ob- Chris Grinter. ....................................................................................... 171 -
Alfred Russel Wallace and the Darwinian Species Concept
Gayana 73(2): Suplemento, 2009 ISSN 0717-652X Alfred Russel Wallace and the Darwinian Species Concept: His Paper on the Swallowtail Butterflies (Papilionidae) of 1865 Alfred Russel Wallace y el Concepto Darwiniano de Especie: Su Trabajo de 1865 sobre Mariposas Papilio (Papilionidae) Jam ES MA LLET 1 Galton Laboratory, Department of Biology, University College London, 4 Stephenson Way, London UK, NW1 2HE E-mail: [email protected] Abstract Soon after his return from the Malay Archipelago, Alfred Russel Wallace published one of his most significant papers. The paper used butterflies of the family Papilionidae as a model system for testing evolutionary hypotheses, and included a revision of the Papilionidae of the region, as well as the description of some 20 new species. Wallace argued that the Papilionidae were the most advanced butterflies, against some of his colleagues such as Bates and Trimen who had claimed that the Nymphalidae were more advanced because of their possession of vestigial forelegs. In a very important section, Wallace laid out what is perhaps the clearest Darwinist definition of the differences between species, geographic subspecies, and local ‘varieties.’ He also discussed the relationship of these taxonomic categories to what is now termed ‘reproductive isolation.’ While accepting reproductive isolation as a cause of species, he rejected it as a definition. Instead, species were recognized as forms that overlap spatially and lack intermediates. However, this morphological distinctness argument breaks down for discrete polymorphisms, and Wallace clearly emphasised the conspecificity of non-mimetic males and female Batesian mimetic morphs in Papilio polytes, and also in P. -
Ranching and Conservation of Birdwing and Swallowtail Butterfly Species in the Oil Palm Systems of Papua New Guinea
Journal of Oil Palm Research DOI: https://doi.org/10.21894/jopr.2019.0030RANCHING AND CONSERVATION OF BIRDWING AND SWALLOWTAIL BUTTERFLY SPECIES IN THE OIL PALM SYSTEMS OF PAPUA NEW GUINEA RANCHING AND CONSERVATION OF BIRDWING AND SWALLOWTAIL BUTTERFLY SPECIES IN THE OIL PALM SYSTEMS OF PAPUA NEW GUINEA BONNEAU, L J G*; ERO, M** and SAR, S* ABSTRACT Despite its small size (<200 000 planted hectares, 0.4% of the national surface), the oil palm industry in Papua New Guinea is accused of destroying wildlife habitats, notably for iconic insects such as birdwing and swallowtail butterflies. Two subspecies of butterfly (Ornithoptera priamus bornemanni and Papilio ulysses ambiguus) endemic in West New Britain were used in a study aimed at developing a model, low-maintenance butterfly farm for conserving and propagating iconic species within the oil palm estate environment. Food sources of both the larval and adult stages were identified and investigated for their suitability to produce an abundance of butterflies. Large numbers of O. p. bornemanni were produced when the larval food plant (Aristolochia tagala) was grown at high density. For P. u. ambiguus, the presence of specific nectar-producing plants was sufficient to attract the insect from the wild to breed in the farm. Suggestions for establishment of butterfly farms are provided and it is recommended that the oil palm industry enhance conservation of iconic butterflies by establishing butterfly farms on the estates and increasing butterfly food sources in targeted restoration and conservation areas. Keywords: Ornithoptera, Papilio, nectar, Aristolochia. Date received: 20 February 2019; Sent for revision: 15 March 2019; Received in final form: 9 April 2019; Accepted: 3 July 2019. -
Papilionidae (Lepidoptera) De Nicaragua
Rev. Nica. Ent., 66 (2006), Suplemento 3, 241 pp. PAPILIONIDAE (LEPIDOPTERA) DE NICARAGUA. Por Jean-Michel MAES* * Museo Entomológico de León, Nicaragua – [email protected] INTRODUCTION Los Papilionidae son probablemente los Lepidoptera más famosos, conocidos por su tamaño grande y sus colores vistosos. Las larvas son gusanos de color oscuro, que presentan una glandula eversible en forma de lengua de serpiente, en el primer segmento toracico, que sirve como mecanismo de defensa contra enemigos naturales. Muchas larvas son mimeticos de excrementos de pajaros, otras presentan sobre el torax un par de ojos pintados que los hace parecer serpientes. Las plantas hospederas son principalmente Rutaceae, Piperaceae, Annonaceae, Aristolochiaceae y Apiaceae. La clasificación usada aqui esta basada en Nijhout (1991), Tyler, Brown & Wilson (1994) y actualizada con Lamas (2004). La familia Papilionidae se divide en tres subfamilias, los Baroniinae y Paranassinae que no ocurren en Nicaragua y los Papilioninae. Los Papilioninae estan representados en Nicaragua por 3 tribus : Graphiini, Troidini y Papilionini. Se presentan en este trabajo 28 especies de Papilionidae de Nicaragua y 87 especies exóticas. La especie Heraclides erostratus (WESTWOOD) constituye un nuevo reporte para la fauna de Nicaragua. AGRADECIMIENTOS Es para mi muy grato de agradecer aquí a muchas personas que apoyaron de alguna manera la realización de este trabajo. Wanda Dameron, por mucha energia positiva y proveerme con abundante literatura. Kim Garwood, Richard Lehman y Mary Shepherd por muchas fotos utilizadas en este trabajo. Eric van den Berghe, por mucho compañerismo, informaciones valiosas y muchas fotos utilizadas en este documento. Ronald Brabant por muchos consejos y Didier Bischler por buscarme oportunamento articulos de bibliografias. -
Biolphilately Vol-64 No-3
202 Biophilately September 2015 Vol. 64 (3) ENTOMOLOGY Editor Donald P. Wright, Jr., BU243 and José Reis New Listings Scott# Denom Common Name/Scientific Name Family/Subfamily Code ARUBA 2015 July 30 (Butterflies) (Block of 10) a 220c Pale Clouded Yellow, Colias hyale L. PIE, Coliadinae A* b 220c Marbled Skipper, Carcharodus lavatherae Esper HES, Pyrginae A* c 220c Orange Tip, Anthocharis cardamines L. PIE, Pierinae A* d 220c Tufted Skipper, Carcharodus flocciferus Zeller HES, Pyrginae A* e 220c Clouded Yellow, Colias palaeno L. PIE, Coliadinae A* f 220c Eastern Dappled White, Euchloe ausonia Hübner PIE, Pierinae A* g 220c The Cleopatra, Gonepteryx cleopatra L. PIE, Coliadinae A* h 220c Large Checkered Skipper, Heteropterus morpheus Pallas HES, Heteropterinae A* i 220c Large Skipper, Ochlodes venata Bremer & Grey HES, Hesperiinae A* j 220c Grizzled Skipper, Pyrgus malvae L. (Cap: P. fritillaries) HES, Pyrginae A* BOLIVIA 2015 May 16 (Endangered Animals) (Set of 4) 9b Satanas Beetle, Dynastes satanas Moser ♂ SCA, Dynastinae A* BRAZIL 2015 May 22 (Stingless Bees) (MS of 6) a 2.50r Melipona quinquefasciata Lepeletier API, Apinae A* b 2.50r Melipona rufiventris Lepeletier API, Apinae A* c 2.50r Melipona subnitida Ducke API, Apinae A* d 2.50r Nannotrigona testaceicornis Lepeletier API, Apinae A* e 2.50r Paratrigona lineata Lepeletier API, Apinae A* f 2.50r Plebeia flavocincta Cockerell API, Apinae A* DJIBOUTI 2013 (Stamperija) (New data) (MS of 2) 2×350fr Telipna erica Suffert (UL margin) LYC, Poritiinae Z DOMINICAN REPUBLIC 2014 November 20 (Additional data) (MS of 12) 1565a 25p Florida Leafwing, Anaea troglodyta Fabr. NYM, Charaxinae A* 1565b 25p Godart’s Peacock, Anartia lytrea Godart NYM, Nymphalinae A* 1565c 25p Stillman’s Skipper, Burca stillmani Bell & Comstock HES, Pyrginae A* 2015 May 25 (National Parks) (MS of 12) g 20p Malachite, Siproeta stelenes L. -
Wiad Wildlife Management Area Protects Several Square Kilometres of Forest Situated in the Hilly Landscape Around Ohu Village
Wiad Wildlife Management Area New Guinea Binatang Research Centre Gum River, Madang Province Papua New Guinea Protecting Madang’s Last Rainforests Goliath birdwing butterfly Location: Madang Province, south of provincial capital Madang on the Gum River Local Language: Amele Village: Ohu Purpose : Wiad WMA was established to protect wildlife and some of the last primary forest close to Madang town from the potential of logging and mining. Communities have protected this forest for the future of their children and the generations to come. In this generation, they hope to attract tourists, encourage research and provide a continued supply of food and bush materials. The rules of WMA prevent the cutting of trees clearing of gardens, setting of traps, lighting of bushfires, killing of animals and disturbance of nests or nesting areas. Management and Support : A committee elected by the local landowning community has set the rules and manages the WMA. The New Guinea Binatang Research Centre have provided monitoring and technical support for over a decade. The Bush Laboratory welcomes visitors. New Guinea Binatang Research Centre Map produced by WWF/F Yaninen Bush Laboratory , Ohu Mapping the WMA boundaries Photo: F Yaninen Hais Wassel, Ohu butterfly farm Hill rainforest Wiad WMA (322 ha) New protected areas New Guinea Binatang Research Centre www.entu.cas.cz/png/ t: +675 853 3258 Ohu Butterfly Farm c/- +675 852 3225 WWF South Pacific Programme www.wwfpacific.org.fj t: +675 323 9855 Department of Environment and Conservation [email protected] t: +675 325 0180 Peanut tree fruit - Sterculia quadrifida Weevil A Sanctuary for New Guinea Insects Wiad Wildlife Management Area protects several square kilometres of forest situated in the hilly landscape around Ohu Village. -
Wallace.1865.Malay Papilionidae.Pdf
COLLECTION OF William Schaus © PRESENTED TO THE National Museum MCMV [From the Transactions of the Linnean Society, vol. xxv.] I. On the Phenomena of Variation and Geographical Distribution as illustrated by the Papilioniclae of the Malayan Region. By Alfred R. Wallace, Esq. (Plates I.-VIII.) Read March 17, 1864. When the natvu-alist studies the habits, the structure, or the affinities of animals, it matters little to which group he especially devotes himself ; all alike offer him endless materials for observation and research. But, for the piirpose of investigating the phe- nomena of geographical distribution and of local or general variation, the several groups differ greatly in their value and importance. Some have too limited a range, others are not sufficiently varied in specific forms, wliile, what is of most importance, many groups have not received that amount of attention over the whole region they inhabit, which cotdd furnish materials sufficiently approaching to completeness to enable us to arrive at any accurate conclusions as to the phenomena they present as a whole. It is in those groups which are and have long been favourites with collectors that the student of dis- tribution and variation will find his materials the most satisfactory, from their compara- tive completeness. Preeminent among such groups are the diurnal Lepidoptera or Butterflies, whose ex- treme beauty and endless diversity have led to their having been assiduously collected in all parts of the world, and to the numerous species and varieties having been figured in a series of magnificent works, from those of Cramer, the contemporary of Linnaeus, down to the inimitable productions of owx own Hewitson. -
Butterfly Guide
Papilionidae Papilionidae Papilionidae Pieridae Danaidae Brassolidae Male Female Tailed Typical Male Male The swallowtails are the most ancient Female Female Top Bottom The sulphurs and whites are closely related to The milkweed butterflies are considered the most The owl butterflies are closely related to the morphos of butterflies. They can be told by the the swallowtails. It has been postulated that the advanced of the butterflies by many scientists. These are but are easily distinguished by the one large eyespot on behavior of flitting from flower to flower. word butterfly is derived from the yellow color medium to large insects with bold patterns on their wings the underside. Like morphos, they are restricted to the of many of these insects. which tell predators the animals are unpalatable. New World and feed on overripe fruit. Ulysses or Blue Mountain Swallowtail Papilio Ulysses The Monarch Magnificent Owl Spicebush Swallowtail Giant Swallowtail Cloudless Sulphur Male Female New Guinea to Australia Danaus plexippus Caligo atreus Papilio Troilus United States Heraclides cresphontes Phoebis sennae This species belongs to the gloss Great Mormon North America to Central Central America Southern U.S. to South America Eastern US to South America swallowtail group and is very This butterfly gets its name from the Papilio memnon Southeast Asia America The upper side of the wing is a food plant of its caterpillar. It is common Caterpillars of this species, known as “orange closely related to the Green Peacock These butterflies are polymorphic, meaning they occur in many forms. Males and females differ in This tropical pierid is common from These are best known for their extensive lovely purple, and the hind wings east of the Great Plains.