DOCSLIB.ORG

The People Ofterai', an Ethnic Minority in Southern Nepal, Are

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The People Ofterai', an Ethnic Minority in Southern Nepal, Are Khushbu Mishra Davis Projectsfor Peace2010 Paintinga PeacefulPresent Background: The peopleofTerai', an ethnic minority in southernNepal, are discriminatedagainst by Pahadi,or the hill people,the majority ethnic group in Nepal, becauseof their socio-cultural,linguistic and physical affinity with the communitiesliving immediatelyon the other side of the border in krdia. The Mithila' womenof Terai face the additional challengeof genderdiscnmination. Cultural taboosand norms, a lack of knowledgeof their rights, unequalaccess to resourcesand feelingsof incompetencecreate reluctance in Mithila womento engage in politicaland economic activities. kr this patriarchalsociety, decision making power, be it economic,political or familial, resideswith men. The lower statusof womenwithin the societybecomes apparent by the preference of male progenyover female,the dowry system,extremely low literacy rate and life expectancyamong women, high matemal mortality rate, and a high percentageof anemic women. Moreover, the ongoing semiarmed conflict,which began as an offshootof the Maoistrevolution, and the ethnictension between people of thehill regionand Terai region, have made the lives of Mithila womenmore difficult. Despitelagging behind economically and politically, the Mithila regionis full of culturaltreasures. One suchheasure is Mithila Art, which is practicedby Mithila womenof all castesand communities of the region. They typically make temporary paintings depicting the relationship betweennature, culture and the human psycheon walls of theirmud houses.The traditionalmethod uses temporary paints made ofrice, mud andplant extractsthat are appliedwith their fingers.To producepaintings that can be sold to tourists,the Mithila women needtraining in the useof permanentpaints, paintbrushes, paper and fabric. Selling these Mithila paintingswill not only improve the economic condition of the women but also promote awarenessof Mithila culture throughoutNepal and help to defusethe ethnic tensionin the Terai region. Project goals: In an EconomicDevelopment class, I researchedthe impactof sweatshopson Baagladeshiwomen and leamedthat economicgain from thesejobs enabledwomen to participatemore actively in the decisionmaking processin their familiesand decide for themselvesabout their ageof marriage,marriage partners and education. Basedon this research,the main goal of my "Paintinga PeacefulPresent" project is to provideeconomic empowermentto the local Mithila women by establishinga Mithila Art Institute in my home village of Halkhori, where they can create and sell their own art. This will make the women part of the productive economy and decreasegender disparity, which will eventually give them decision making power in other aspectsof social and family life. Moreover,the economicrevenue from the institute will enablethe women to support their poverty stncken families. They will be able to afford better health care, clean drinking water, nutritious food, and educationfor their children. Furthermore,the art institute will serveas a platform for team building, planning,skill learning,gender awareness and productive engagement for thesewomen. The economic gainwill helprun the institutein the longrun andgive a solidbasis for the instituteto be self-sustainable.Also, the institute could engagemore womenin the future, spreadingthe benefitsto an evenlarger population. Mithila Art hasjust startedto gain popularity within Nepal and abroad.This opportunitycan be usedto promoteMithila culture,which still remainsunknown in otherparts ofNepal andis oftendiscriminated against. Awarenessabout Mithila culture will promotecultural understandingand tolerancearnong the hill peoplewhich can help reducethe ethnic tensionand initiate the peaceprocess. Therefore, this project aims to promotepeace by advancingcultural awarenessand tolerancethrough art and, at the sametime, provide economicand social gainsfor Mithila women. Methodology: I will buy the requiredland for the "Painting a PeacefulPresent" project with a working spaceof thee roomsfrom a local landlord,Mr JeevnathPandey, in the Halkhoriarea that is accessiblefor all trainees.I will then hire five professionalartists from the Mithila Women'sArt and Craft Centerin Janakpur,which is two hours away by bus. The artists,who will train the local women in the use of materialsto producepaintings for tourists, will be provided with lodging and food at the institute throughoutthe training period. The professional artistswill help me conducta two day selectioncamp for all the interestedcandidates Iiom the Halkhori Villaee ' The southernplain belt of Nepal that bordersIndia. ' The easternpart of Terai region that usedto be part of the Mithila Kingdom in ancienttimes. Khushbu Mishra Davis Projectsfor Peace2010 DevelopmentCommittee lVDC;t area.In the camp, my team will test the women on their basic Mithila art skrllsand will requirethem to fill out questionnairesregarding their economicand family backgrormd.My team will thenselect twenty women on thebasis ofneed and skill. Next,in orderto establishthe institutionon a solid ground,I will collaboratewith the local non govemmentorganization (NGO), Public DevelopmentOrganization (PDO), and registerthe art institute as an NGO. The PDO will help with drafting the constitution,advising and otherlegal procedures involved. I will engagethe selectedwomen in formulatingand planningthe institute's constitutionso that theyhave a senseof ownership.Halkhori VDC, the local govemingbody, has expressed its supportfor thisproject (please see attached letters of support). The training processwill last for a period of two monthsand will enablethe womento developtheir art skillsto a professionallevel. I will buy thetraining materials such as fabric, paper, paints and paint brushes from local market in Janakpur.A tlpical training day will be of five and half horus beginning at noon, since the women often cook for their family and finish up their morning choresby then. The professionalartists will conduct intensive training on art skills for four hours followed by a half an hour tea and snack break. This provision of snackwill definitely encouagethe train€esto join and continuewith the training. After the break,I will conductan hour long group meetingfor the women to build leadershipskills. BiodiversitySector Programme for Siwalik and Terai (BISEP-ST), a support program of the Ministry of Forest and Soil Conservationwhich operateslocally, has agreedto provide two professionalmanagemert trainers, who will conductrnanagerial training sessions focusing on commrmication,accounting and administrativeskills for the women during the goup meeting.I will also conductfield trips to Mithila art centerssuch as Janakpur HandicraftCenter, Janakpur Women's Development Center and Mithila Women'sArt and Craft Centerfor all the traineesso that they can observeand leam from establishedinstitutes. Basedon rny consultationwith the professionalartists, the paintingsof the first two monthswill not be saleable,but by the end of the secondmonth and every month after that, each artist will be producing one saleablepainting per day for a total of about six hundred paintings. Depending on the size, quality and complexity,the costprice of paintingswill rangefrom threeto five dollarseach while their sellingprice will rangefrom six to twenty dollars each.By the end of the third month, I expectto sell abouttwo hrmdredand fifty paintings which will bring in approximatelyfifteen hLmdreddollars even if eachpainting sells at the lowest price. This amountwill be enoughto buy materialsfor the fourth month, leaving tfuee hundreddollars extra.By the end ofthe fourth month, if the instrtutesells two hundredand fifty more paintings,the institute will still be making a net profit of three hundreddollar. Monthly profits will be divided amongthe artists,giving eachartist fifteena dollars a month, which is a substantialamount for a Mithila woman. This way by the end of the third month,the institute will be able to run on its own while alsomaking moneyfor the involved womenartists. Becausethe target village is not on the tourist trach I havebeen in contactwith craft merchantsin the high tourist traffic cities of Janakpur,Pokhara and Kathmandu,who have offered to buy the painhngs(please seesupporting letters). I havealready arranged to exhibit the paintingsat SakalbhawanKanya Higher Secondary School in Janakpur,the Institute of Forestryin Pokhara,and Little Angels' School, one of the largestpnvate schoolsin Kathmandu.Each exhibition will featurethe paintings and on-site display ofpainting methods by five of the trained women to createbotl awarenessof and a market for Mithila art. I will also mobilize the local pressand radio stationsin Janakpur,Pokhara and Kathmandufor marketingand advertisingpurposes. I have friends working for radio stationswho have agreedto advertizemy project for fiee. The institute itself will function as an outlet for selling the artwork. Additionally, I will be travelling aroundother cities to expandthe market. My Experience: As a member of Halkhori village, I organizedan adult literacy program with the PDO (pleasesee attachedletter of support).I madecontacts with the Fofessionalsin and aroundthe target community through this work experience.I also worked as an assistantaccountant in the UK and gainedvaluable money managementskills, which will equip me to build a strongfoundation for the art institute. In addition, as one of the few in the areawith a strongeducational background, I havebeen fortunate to gain the respectand goodwill ofthe localcommunity, which will suppodthe successfulexecution of the "Paintinga PeacefulPresent" project. ' VDC is the local governingbody. o Fifteendollars is approximatelya month's salaryof a primary schoolteacher in Nepal..
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Emergence of the Mahajanapadas
    The Emergence of the Mahajanapadas Sanjay Sharma Introduction In the post-Vedic period, the centre of activity shifted from the upper Ganga valley or madhyadesha to middle and lower Ganga valleys known in the contemporary Buddhist texts as majjhimadesha. Painted grey ware pottery gave way to a richer and shinier northern black polished ware which signified new trends in commercial activities and rising levels of prosperity. Imprtant features of the period between c. 600 and 321 BC include, inter-alia, rise of ‘heterodox belief systems’ resulting in an intellectual revolution, expansion of trade and commerce leading to the emergence of urban life mainly in the region of Ganga valley and evolution of vast territorial states called the mahajanapadas from the smaller ones of the later Vedic period which, as we have seen, were known as the janapadas. Increased surplus production resulted in the expansion of trading activities on one hand and an increase in the amount of taxes for the ruler on the other. The latter helped in the evolution of large territorial states and increased commercial activity facilitated the growth of cities and towns along with the evolution of money economy. The ruling and the priestly elites cornered most of the agricultural surplus produced by the vaishyas and the shudras (as labourers). The varna system became more consolidated and perpetual. It was in this background that the two great belief systems, Jainism and Buddhism, emerged. They posed serious challenge to the Brahmanical socio-religious philosophy. These belief systems had a primary aim to liberate the lower classes from the fetters of orthodox Brahmanism.
    [Show full text]
  • Nepal, November 2005
    Library of Congress – Federal Research Division Country Profile: Nepal, November 2005 COUNTRY PROFILE: NEPAL November 2005 COUNTRY Formal Name: Kingdom of Nepal (“Nepal Adhirajya” in Nepali). Short Form: Nepal. Term for Citizen(s): Nepalese. Click to Enlarge Image Capital: Kathmandu. Major Cities: According to the 2001 census, only Kathmandu had a population of more than 500,000. The only other cities with more than 100,000 inhabitants were Biratnagar, Birgunj, Lalitpur, and Pokhara. Independence: In 1768 Prithvi Narayan Shah unified a number of states in the Kathmandu Valley under the Kingdom of Gorkha. Nepal recognizes National Unity Day (January 11) to commemorate this achievement. Public Holidays: Numerous holidays and religious festivals are observed in particular regions and by particular religions. Holiday dates also may vary by year and locality as a result of the multiple calendars in use—including two solar and three lunar calendars—and different astrological calculations by religious authorities. In fact, holidays may not be observed if religious authorities deem the date to be inauspicious for a specific year. The following holidays are observed nationwide: Sahid Diwash (Martyrs’ Day; movable date in January); National Unity Day and birthday of Prithvi Narayan Shah (January 11); Maha Shiva Ratri (Great Shiva’s Night, movable date in February or March); Rashtriya Prajatantra Diwash (National Democracy Day, movable date in February); Falgu Purnima, or Holi (movable date in February or March); Ram Nawami (Rama’s Birthday, movable date in March or April); Nepali New Year (movable date in April); Buddha’s Birthday (movable date in April or May); King Gyanendra’s Birthday (July 7); Janai Purnima (Sacred Thread Ceremony, movable date in August); Children’s Day (movable date in August); Dashain (Durga Puja Festival, movable set of five days over a 15-day period in September or October); Diwali/Tihar (Festival of Lights and Laxmi Puja, movable set of five days in October); and Sambhidhan Diwash (Constitution Day, movable date in November).
    [Show full text]
  • Gender, Class, Self-Fashioning, and Affinal Solidarity in Modern South Asia
    Bucknell University Bucknell Digital Commons Faculty Journal Articles Faculty Scholarship 2009 Im/possible Lives: Gender, Class, Self-Fashioning, and Affinal Solidarity in Modern South Asia Coralynn V. Davis Bucknell University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.bucknell.edu/fac_journ Part of the Asian Studies Commons, Human Geography Commons, Race, Ethnicity and Post-Colonial Studies Commons, Social and Cultural Anthropology Commons, and the Women's Studies Commons Recommended Citation Davis, Coralynn V.. "Im/possible Lives: Gender, Class, Self-Fashioning, and Affinal Solidarity in Modern South Asia." Social Identities: Journal for the Study of Race, Nation and Culture (2009) : 243-272. This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Faculty Scholarship at Bucknell Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Faculty Journal Articles by an authorized administrator of Bucknell Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Im/possible Lives: Gender, class, self-fashioning, and affinal solidarity in modern South Asia Coralynn V. Davis* Women’s and Gender Studies Program Bucknell University Lewisburg, Pennsylvania USA Abstract Drawing on ethnographic research and employing a micro-historical approach that recognizes not only the transnational but also the culturally specific manifestations of modernity, this article centers on the efforts of a young woman to negotiate shifting and conflicting discourses about what a good life might consist of for a highly educated and high caste Hindu woman living at the margins of a nonetheless globalized world. Newly imaginable worlds in contemporary Mithila, South Asia, structure feeling and action in particularly gendered and classed ways, even as the capacity of individuals to actualize those worlds and the “modern” selves envisioned within them are constrained by both overt and subtle means.
    [Show full text]
  • Final Evaluation Combating Exploitive Child Labor Through Education in Nepal: Naya Bato Naya Paila Project -New Path New Steps
    FINAL (AFTER COMMENTS) Independent Final Evaluation Combating Exploitive Child Labor through Education in Nepal: Naya Bato Naya Paila Project -New Path New Steps- USDOL Cooperative Agreement No: IL-19513-09-75-K Report prepared by: Dr. Martina Nicolls April 2013 Table of Contents ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ............................................................................................................ v LIST OF ACRONYMS ............................................................................................................... vi EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ........................................................................................................... 1 Country Context ................................................................................................................................................... 1 Relevance: Shifting Project Priorities ................................................................................................................... 1 Effectiveness ........................................................................................................................................................ 2 Efficiency .............................................................................................................................................................. 3 Impact .................................................................................................................................................................. 3 Sustainability .......................................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • 'Listen, Rama's Wife!': Maithil Women's Perspectives and Practices in the Festival of Sāmā-Cake
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Bucknell University Bucknell University Bucknell Digital Commons Faculty Journal Articles Faculty Scholarship 2005 'Listen, Rama’s Wife!’: Maithil Women’s Perspectives and Practices in the Festival of Sāmā-Cakevā Coralynn V. Davis Bucknell University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.bucknell.edu/fac_journ Part of the Asian Studies Commons, Folklore Commons, Other Languages, Societies, and Cultures Commons, Other Religion Commons, Performance Studies Commons, Social and Cultural Anthropology Commons, South and Southeast Asian Languages and Societies Commons, and the Women's Studies Commons Recommended Citation Davis, Coralynn. 2005. “'Listen, Rama’s Wife!’: Maithil Women’s Perspectives and Practices in the Festival of Sāmā- Cakevā.” Asian Folklore Studies 64(1):1-38. This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Faculty Scholarship at Bucknell Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Faculty Journal Articles by an authorized administrator of Bucknell Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Coralynn Davis Bucknell University Lewisburg, PA “Listen, Rama’s Wife!” Maithil Women’s Perspectives and Practices in the Festival of Sāmā Cakevā Abstract As a female-only festival in a significantly gender-segregated society, sāmā cakevā provides a window into Maithil women’s understandings of their society and the sacred, cultural subjectivities, moral frameworks, and projects of self-construction. The festival reminds us that to read male-female relations under patriarchal social formations as a dichotomy between the empowered and the disempowered ignores the porous boundaries between the two in which negotiations and tradeoffs create a symbiotic reliance.
    [Show full text]
  • Component-I (A) – Personal Details
    Component-I (A) – Personal details: Component-I (B) – Description of module: Subject Name Indian Culture Paper Name Outlines of Indian History Module Name/Title Mahajanapadas- Rise of Magadha – Nandas – Invasion of Alexander Module Id I C/ OIH/ 08 Pre requisites Early History of India Objectives To study the Political institutions of Ancient India from earliest to 3rd Century BCE. Mahajanapadas , Rise of Magadha under the Haryanka, Sisunaga Dynasties, Nanda Dynasty, Persian Invasions, Alexander’s Invasion of India and its Effects Keywords Janapadas, Magadha, Haryanka, Sisunaga, Nanda, Alexander E-text (Quadrant-I) 1. Sources Political and cultural history of the period from C 600 to 300 BCE is known for the first time by a possibility of comparing evidence from different kinds of literary sources. Buddhist and Jaina texts form an authentic source of the political history of ancient India. The first four books of Sutta pitaka -- the Digha, Majjhima, Samyutta and Anguttara nikayas -- and the entire Vinaya pitaka were composed between the 5th and 3rd centuries BCE. The Sutta nipata also belongs to this period. The Jaina texts Bhagavati sutra and Parisisthaparvan represent the tradition that can be used as historical source material for this period. The Puranas also provide useful information on dynastic history. A comparison of Buddhist, Puranic and Jaina texts on the details of dynastic history reveals more disagreement. This may be due to the fact that they were compiled at different times. Apart from indigenous literary sources, there are number of Greek and Latin narratives of Alexander’s military achievements. They describe the political situation prevailing in northwest on the eve of Alexander’s invasion.
    [Show full text]
  • Nepal: the Maoists’ Conflict and Impact on the Rights of the Child
    Asian Centre for Human Rights C-3/441-C, Janakpuri, New Delhi-110058, India Phone/Fax: +91-11-25620583; 25503624; Website: www.achrweb.org; Email: [email protected] Embargoed for: 20 May 2005 Nepal: The Maoists’ conflict and impact on the rights of the child An alternate report to the United Nations Committee on the Rights of the Child on Nepal’s 2nd periodic report (CRC/CRC/C/65/Add.30) Geneva, Switzerland Nepal: The Maoists’ conflict and impact on the rights of the child 2 Contents I. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................... 4 II. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS .................. 5 III. GENERAL PRINCIPLES .............................................................................. 15 ARTICLE 2: NON-DISCRIMINATION ......................................................................... 15 ARTICLE 6: THE RIGHT TO LIFE, SURVIVAL AND DEVELOPMENT .......................... 17 IV. CIVIL AND POLITICAL RIGHTS............................................................ 17 ARTICLE 7: NAME AND NATIONALITY ..................................................................... 17 Case 1: The denial of the right to citizenship to the Badi children. ......................... 18 Case 2: The denial of the right to nationality to Sikh people ................................... 18 Case 3: Deprivation of citizenship to Madhesi community ...................................... 18 Case 4: Deprivation of citizenship right to Raju Pariyar........................................
    [Show full text]
  • Health Sector Response to COVID-19 Tuesday | 16 February 2021 (04 Falgun 2077)
    #373 Health Sector Response to COVID-19 Tuesday | 16 February 2021 (04 Falgun 2077) RT-PCR Total Confirmed Recovery People in RT-PCR Test / Positive Recovered Deaths cases in Rate Quarantine Test Million Cases isolation 2123951 269303 98.7% 2055 72141 272945 1587 74 Trend300000 of RT-PCR and COVID-19 cases 2500000 COVID -19 Summary (Last 24 hours) Total RT-PCR Test done 3360 272945 250000 Recovered 99 2000000 Death details received in last 24 hours 0 Death(s) in last 24 hours 0 200000 Confirmed Cases 105 1500000 Female:40 ; 150000 Male65: PCRLab - 1000000 COVID-19 Recovered, Active and Death cases 100000 500000 23 Jan:23 Index Case 50000 29 March Expansion of RT MarchExpansion of 29 269303 , 1587 98.67% 1587, 0.58% 0 0 Total PCR done Total cases Active Cases 2055, 0.75% Gender wise distribution of COVID-19 Cases Female, 95407, 34.99% Recovered Active Cases Deaths Male, 1 177268, 65.01% District wise distribution of new cases (in last 24 hrs) 50 In Last 24 hours 37 Total: 105 Female: 40 Male: 65 ` 15 11 6 4 3 4 4 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 KASKI DANG PALPA JHAPA ROLPA BANKE BAITADI MYAGDI GORKHA TANAHU SUNSARI BARDIYA SYANGJA LALITPUR SINDHULI LAMJUNG BAGLUNG NUWAKOT RAUTAHAT CHITAWAN RUPANDEHI BHAKTAPUR RAMECHHAP KATHMANDU MAKAWANPUR SINDHUPALCHOK NAWALPARASI_East Province 1 Province 2 Bagmati Gandaki Lumbini Sudurpaschim 2 1 68 21 12 1 Province wise distribution of covid-19 cases, discharged and active cases 148,143 30,410 30,261 20,592 18,593 * 14,831 6,473 1,154 1,006 292 184 230 220 213 119 56 67 29 31 14 27 P R O V I
    [Show full text]
  • Janakpurdham.Pdf
    JANAKPURDHAM the land steeped in mythology The information contained in this book has been outsourced from an expert writer while every effort has been made to ensure accuracy and reliability. However, in case of lapses and discrepancies, revisions and updates would be subsequently carried out in the forthcoming issues. 2009 Edition © NTB Copy Right Images: Thomas Kelly Contents Background Historical and mythological background of Janakpurdham 3 Pilgrimage Importance of Mithila from Pilgrimage and Touristic Point of view 5 Temples Notable temples of Janakpurdham 8 Ponds Some Important Ponds of Janakpurdham 11 Cultural dance Unique Cultural Dances of Janakpurdham 14 Festivals Annual Festivals of Mithilanchal and Janakpurdham 17 THE NAME JANAKPURDHAM IS COMPOSED OF THREE WORDS IN THE DEVNAGARI SCRIPT, I.E., ‘JaNAK’, ‘PUR’ ANd ‘DHam’, wHICH MEAN ‘fATHER’, ‘vILLAGE’ aND ’RENOWNED PLACE FOR PILGRIMAGE’ RESPectiVELY. A traditional mud house ornamented with hand paintings. Historical and mythological background of Janakpurdham Janakpurdham, presently the headquarters of both Janakpur zone and Dhanusha district, was the capital of King Janak’s ancient Mithila Kingdom during the Treta Yug, or period, nearly 12,000 years ago. The name Janakpurdham is composed of three words in the Devnagari script, i.e., ‘Janak’, ‘Pur’ and ‘Dham’, which mean ‘father’, ‘village’ and ‘renowned place for pilgrimage’ respectively. Named after the sage king, Janak, Janakpurdham, however, also encompasses Mithilanchal, or the Mithila region. Balmiki’s epic Ramayan on Aryan culture and Ramcharitmanas by Tulsidas authenticate this. The boundary of Mithila is cited in the The great poet and composer of Mithila, Mithila Mahatmaya Khanda (part) of Brihad Bhasha Ramayan Chanda Jha, has defined the Vishnupuran in Sanskrit as: boundary as follows (in Maithili): “Kaushkitu samarbhya Gandaki “Ganga Bahathi janik dakshin dish purwa madhigamyawai, Kaushiki dhara, Yojanani chatturvishadyam parikeertitah.
    [Show full text]
  • Kathmandu NEPAL Area
    Development and Operation of Dry Ports in Nepal Sarad Bickram Rana, Executive Director, Nepal Intermodal Transport Development Board (NITDB) Kathmandu, Nepal 1 Presentation Overview • Key Information on trade and transit situation • Policy Guidelines • Institutional Arrangements • Related Act and Regulations • Expected Benefit • Some Major Problems • Summary 2 NEPAL Area : 147,181 Sq. Km. Population: 26.5 Mill. GDP Per capita : 700 $ Kathmandu 3 Foreign Trade Situation Status of Nepal as per Doing 177th out of 189 Business Report Export Cost per container US$ 2,400 Export Time 42 days Import cost per container US$ 2,295 Import Time 39 days Stream Share of Total Trade(2012/13) Export 11% Import 89% 100% India 66% Overseas 34 % 100% 4 Transit Provision Through Treaty of Transit between Nepal and India • Gateway Port (Out of major ports Kolkata Port is a designated port ) • 26 Border Crossing point • 1 rail head Through Rail-Service Agreement between Nepal and India • 1 rail based Through Nepal-China Agreement • 6 Border crossing point 5 Trade Corridors (Major) Yari Nechung Rasuwa Kimathanka Olangchungola Dryports/ Inland Clearance Depots under operations Dryport under construction Proposed for future construction 6 Transport Infrastructure (2013) Roads Local Roads (50,943 Km) Strategic Roads (11,636 Km) Railways Jayanagar (India) - Janakpur (Nepal) Raxaul (India) – Birgunj (Nepal) (51 KM) (5 KM) Airfields 48 Nos. (registered) Dryports Road based (3+1) Rail based(1) 7 Policies for Development of Dry ports • Eighth Five Year Plan (1992-97)
    [Show full text]
  • A Review of Simarongarh's History on Its Nexus Areas with References Of
    18 Prakash Darnal A Review of Simarongarh’s History on Its Nexus Areas with References of Archaeological Evidences Prakash Darnal Abstract After the Lichachhavi period, Nepal was bounded within the Kathmandu valley only. Sinja emerged as a powerful state in the west of Nepal. Likewise, Karnata dynasty became strong and powerful to the south of Nepal in the beginning of 10th and 11th century A. D. They were so strong and powerful that they attacked Kathmandu valley several times and plundered for the sake of wealth. So Simraongarh was once an important medieval kingdom of Nepal. It was established by Karnata dynasty Nanyadev in 1097 A. D. After capturing Mithila, Nanyadev began to rule it from Simraongarh. He has been credited in the records for the unification of Tirhut. Under the Karnatas Tirhut had developed on economic, social and cultural which was also known as golden age. They ruled over Mithila for about 227 years and after that Gayasuddin Tuglak conquered. Muslims ruled about three hundred years, and then it came under Sens of Makawanpur. Lohang Sen had extended his territories up to Vijayapur. When Prithivi Narayan Shah conquered Makawanpur in 1762 A. D. all part of eastern Terai including Tirhut or Mithila became integral part of Nepal. After the Anglo Nepal war in 1814 - 16 A.D., Nepal lost some parts of eastern Terai, it came again under its jurisdiction in Sugauli Treaty of 1816 A.D. But now people seem to forget Simarongarh which was once so rich and highly developed. Therefore, the objective of this article is not only to remind of its glorious past history but also to prove how important this area through archaeological findings.
    [Show full text]
  • Region in Context: Mithila, Its People and Its Art
    Chapter III Region in Context: Mithila, its People and its Art 3.1 Introduction In the previous chapter, we critically examined the debates around art, particularly „folk‟ art, to delineate a discursive history of categories that unravel the politics of nomenclature. We also examined those discourses in the context of Mithila art, by surveying the literature from the earliest writings to the most recent ones. In this chapter, we shall present an understanding of the region of Mithila in the historical context. We shall also delineate the history of Mithila art, from the earliest times when it was done on walls and floors to its commoditized form. The objective of this chapter is to provide a background of the region- how structures and relations of society, economy, polity and culture have worked together to construct this region, which provides a context in which the painting tradition emerged. 3.2 Political History of Mithila Though Mithila shares some features with the „Hindi belt‟, owing to being part of the state of Bihar which comprises the other two regions of Bhojpur and Magadh on the one hand, and those of „eastern India‟, owing to the similarities with Bengal on the other, it developed its own unique features over time, leading to the development of a distinct social formation and cultural identity. The history of Mithila is mired in myth; infact, it is difficult to separate the two. Claude Levi-Strauss, among others, has argued for the understanding of history as another type of myth, for studying history not as separate from but as a continuation of mythology1.
    [Show full text]