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Daras Fikih Ibadah: Ringkasan Fatwa Imam Ali Khamene'i

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Daras Fikih Ibadah: Ringkasan Fatwa Imam Ali Khamene'i Syiah Pustaka Daras Fikih Ibadah: Ringkasan Fatwa Imam Ali Khamene’i MUHAMMAD RIDHA MUSYAFIQI PUR Syiah Pustaka Perpustakaan Nasional RI. Data Katalog dalam Terbitan (KDT) Pur, Muhammad Ridha Musya!qi Daras !kih ibadah : ringkasan fatwa Imam Ali Khamene’i / Muhammad Ridha Musya!qi Pur ; Penerjemah, Marzuki Amin ; Penyunting, Muhsin Labib, Abdullah Beik. --Jakarta : Nur Al- Huda, 2013 442 hlm:15,5x23,5cm Judul asli : Amuzesy- e ahkam ISBN 978-979-1193-33-7 1. Fikih. I. Judul. II. Marzuki Amin III. Muhsin Labib. IV. Abdullah Beik. 297.4 Daras Fikih Ibadah : Ringkasan Fatwa Imam Ali Khamene’i Diterjemahkan dari Amuzesy-e Ahkam karya Muhammad Ridha Musya!qi Pur Penerjemah : Marzuki Amin Penyunting Bahasa : Muhsin Labib & Abdullah Beik Pembaca Pruf : Arif Mulyadi & Riva Ifaldi Hak terjemahan dilindungi undang-undang Syiah All rights reserved Dilarang memperbanyak tanpa seizin penerbit Cetakan I, November 2010/Zulhijah 1431 H (Al-Huda) Cetakan II, September 2013/Zulkaidah1434 H Diterbitkan oleh: Penerbit Nur Al-Huda Jl. Buncit Raya Kav.35 Pejaten Jakarta 12510 Telp:0217996767Pustaka Fax : 0217996777 e-mail : [email protected] facebook : nur al-huda Pewajah Isi : MIZA Pewajah Sampul : Eja Assagaf ISBN : 978-979-1193-33-7 Daftar Isi Pengantar Cetakan Kedua 13 Mukadimah 15 BAB 1 - TAKLID 17 DARAS 1 -TAKLID (1) 17 I. Mukadimah 17 II. Cara-cara Mengetahui Hukum 18 III. Pembagian Taklid 20 IV. Beramal Ibadah tanpa Taklid 22 DARAS 2-TAKLID (2) 22 I. Syarat-syarat Marja’ Taqlid 22 II. Tab’idh dalam Taklid 25 DARAS 3-TAKLID (3) 26 I. Cara-cara Mengetahui Mujtahid yang Memenuhi Syarat 26 II. Cara-cara Memperoleh Fatwa Seorang Mujtahid Syiah 27 III. Hukum-hukum ’Udul (Pindah Taklid) 28 IV. Berbagai Masalah Taklid 29 BAB 2 - TAHARAH 31 DARAS 4-AIR 31 I. Jenis-jenis Air 31 II. Air Mudhaf (Air Tidak Murni dan Air yang Bercampur) 31 III. Air Murni (Mutlak) 32 a. Pengertian air mutlak 32 IV. Hukum-hukum dari Jenis-jenis Air Mutlak 34 V. Hukum-hukumPustaka Ragu dalam Masalah Air 35 DARAS 5-TAKHALLI 37 I. Hukum-hukum Takhalli (Buang Air Kecil dan Buang Air Besar) 37 II. Istibra’ 38 III. Istinja’ (Membersihkan Tempat Keluarnya Air Kencing dan Lubang Anus) 39 DARAS 6-BENDA-BENDA NAJIS (1) 41 Najasat (Najis-najis) 41 DARAS 7-BENDA-BENDA NAJIS (2) 47 DARAS 8-BENDA-BENDA NAJIS (3) 51 I.Cara-Cara Menentukan Najis 51 5 II. Syarat-syarat Sesuatu Menjadi Najis 51 III. Hukum-hukum Najis 53 IV. Waswas dan Solusinya 54 DARAS 9-HAL-HAL YANG MENYUCIKAN (1) 56 Muthahirat 56 DARAS 10-HAL-HAL YANG MENYUCIKAN (2) 60 DARAS 11-HAL-HAL YANG MENYUCIKAN (3) 63 I. Cara-cara Membuktikan Kesucian Sesuatu 63 II. Asal Sesuatu itu Suci 64 III. Hukum-hukum Wadah 66 DARAS 12-WUDU (1) 67 I. Pengertian Wudu 67 II. Tata Cara Wudu 67 DARAS 13-WUDU (2) 73 Syarat-syarat Wudu 73 DARAS 14-WUDU (3) Syiah 77 DARAS 15-WUDU (4) 82 I. Wudu Irtimasi 82 II. Wudu Jabirah 83 III. Hal-hal yang Membatalkan Wudu 84 IV. Hukum-hukum Wudu 85 DARAS 16-WUDU (5) 86 Tujuan Berwudu 86 DARAS 17-MANDI (1) 93 I. Makna Mandi 93 II. Jenis-jenis Mandi 93 III. Tata Cara PustakaMandi 94 IV. Mandi Jabirah 96 DARAS 18-MANDI (2) 96 I. Syarat-syarat Mandi 96 II. Hukum-hukum Mandi 97 DARAS 19-MANDI (3) 99 Mandi Janabah 99 DARAS 20-MANDI (4) 104 Mandi-mandi Khusus Wanita 104 6 DARAS 21-HUKUM-HUKUM JENAZAH (1) 108 I. Mandi Menyentuh Jenazah 108 II. Hukum-hukum Ihtidhar 109 III. Kewajiban yang Harus Dilakukan Kepada Orang yang Meninggal 110 DARAS 22-HUKUM-HUKUM JENAZAH (2) 112 I. Memandikan Jenazah 112 II. Hanuth 114 III. Mengafani 115 DARAS 23-HUKUM-HUKUM JENAZAH (3) 117 I. Menyalatkan Jenazah 117 II. Menguburkan 119 III. Hukum-hukum Membongkar Makam 121 IV. Hukum-hukum Syahid 122 V. Hukum-hukum yang Berlaku untuk Orang-orang yang Divonis Hukuman Mati 122 DARAS 24-TAYAMUM (1) 124 I. Kondisi-kondisi yang Menyebabkan Tayamum 124 II. Benda-benda yang Sah untuk Tayamum 127 III. Tata Cara Tayamum 127 IV. Tayamum Jabirah Syiah 129 DARAS 25-TAYAMUM (2) 129 I. Syarat-syarat Tayamum 129 II. Hukum-hukum Tayamum 131 BAB 3 - SALAT 135 DARAS 26-JENIS-JENIS SALAT 135 I. Salat Wajib dan Mustahab 135 II. Salat Na!lah Harian 136 DARAS 27-PAKAIAN PELAKU SALAT (1) 139 I. Batasan yangPustaka Ditutup dalam Salat 139 II. Syarat-syarat Pakaian Mushalli 140 DARAS 28-PAKAIAN PELAKU SALAT (2) 146 I. Syarat-syarat Pakaian Mushalli (Lanjutan) 146 II. Hal-hal yang Tidak Mensyaratkan Kesucian Tubuh dan Pakaian Mushalli 148 DARAS 29-TEMPAT SALAT (1) 151 Syarat-syarat Tempat Salat 151 DARAS 30-TEMPAT SALAT (2) 155 DARAS 31-HUKUM-HUKUM MASJID (1) 158 7 Hal-hal yang Haram Dilakukan Terhadap Masjid 158 DARAS 32-HUKUM-HUKUM MASJID (2) 164 Hal-hal yang Mustahab Dilakukan Terhadap Masjid 164 DARAS 33-KIBLAT 168 Hukum-hukum Kiblat 168 DARAS 34-SALAT-SALAT HARIAN (1) 171 I. Pentingnya Salat Harian 171 II. Jumlah Salat-salat Harian 171 III. Waktu Salat-salat Harian 172 DARAS 35-SALAT-SALAT HARIAN (2) 174 I. Hukum-hukum Mengenai Waktu Salat 174 II. Ketertiban di Antara Salat-salat 177 DARAS 36-SALAT-SALAT HARIAN (3) 179 Azan dan Ikamah 179 DARAS 37-SALAT-SALAT HARIAN (4) 182 Kewajiban-kewajiban Salat Syiah 182 DARAS 38-SALAT-SALAT HARIAN (5) 185 1. Takbiratulihram 185 2. Kiam (Qiyam) (berdiri, pada saat takbiratulihram dan ketika hendak rukuk) 188 DARAS 39-SALAT-SALAT HARIAN (6) 192 3. Qiraat 192 DARAS 40-SALAT-SALAT HARIAN (7) 198 DARAS 41-SALAT-SALAT HARIAN (8) 207 4. Rukuk Pustaka 207 DARAS 42-SALAT-SALAT HARIAN (9) 213 5. Sujud 213 DARAS 43-SALAT-SALAT HARIAN (10) 221 DARAS 44-SALAT-SALAT HARIAN (11) 228 6. Zikir 228 7. Tasyahud 230 8. Salam 232 DARAS 45-SALAT-SALAT HARIAN (12) 233 I. Kewajiban-kewajiban Salat (Lanjutan) 233 8 9. Tertib 233 10. Berkesinambungan 234 II. Kunut 235 III. Ta’qib 236 DARAS 46-SALAT-SALAT HARIAN (13) 237 Terjemahan Bacaan-bacaan dalam Salat 237 DARAS 47-SALAT-SALAT HARIAN (14) 245 Hal-hal yang Membatalkan Salat 245 DARAS 48-SALAT-SALAT HARIAN (15) 249 Keraguan-keraguan dalam Salat 249 DARAS 49-SALAT-SALAT HARIAN (16) 253 Salat Jumat 253 DARAS 50-SALAT-SALAT HARIAN (17) 260 Salat Musa!r 260 DARAS 51-SALAT-SALAT HARIAN (18) 270 DARAS 52-SALAT-SALAT HARIAN (19) Syiah 278 DARAS 53-SALAT-SALAT HARIAN (20) 283 I. Salat Kada 283 II. Salat Istijarah 285 III. Salat Kada untuk Orangtua 286 DARAS 54 SALAT AYAT, SALAT IDULFITRI DAN SALAT IDULADHA 288 I. Salat Ayat 288 II. Salat IdulFitri dan Salat IdulAdha 291 DARAS 55-SALAT JAMAAH (1) 293 Keabsahan dan Pentingnya Salat Jamaah 293 DARAS 56-SALAT JAMAAH (2) 298 I. Syarat-syaratPustaka Salat Jamaah 298 II. Hukum-hukum Salat Jamaah 300 III. Syarat-syarat Imam Jamaah 301 IV. Beragam Masalah dalam Salat 304 BAB 4 - PUASA 307 DARAS 57-PUASA (1) 307 I. Makna Puasa 307 II. Jenis-jenis Puasa 308 III. Puasa-puasa Wajib 310 IV. Syarat-syarat Wajib Puasa 310 V. Syarat-syarat Keabsahan Puasa 311 9 DARAS 58-PUASA (2) 312 Niat Puasa 312 DARAS 59-PUASA (3) 318 Mufthirat 318 DARAS 60-PUASA (4) 324 DARAS 61-PUASA (5) 332 Kafarat Berbuka Puasa Secara Sengaja pada Puasa Bulan Ramadan 332 DARAS 62-PUASA (6) 339 I. Kafarat karena Iftar (Berbuka) pada Puasa Kada Ramadan 339 II. Kafarat yang Ditunda 340 III. Fidyah 342 DARAS 63-PUASA (7) 345 I. Puasa-puasa yang Wajib Kada tetapi Tidak Wajib Kafarat 345 II. Hukum-hukum Mengkada dan Mengganti Puasa 347 III. Hukum-hukum Puasa Kada Bagi Ayah dan Ibu 350 IV. Hukum-hukum Puasa Musa!r 351 DARAS 64-PUASA (8) Syiah 353 I. Metode Menentukan Awal Bulan 353 II. Lain-lain 357 BAB 5 - KHUMUS 361 DARAS 65-KHUMUS 361 I. Makna Khumus 361 II. Kewajiban Khumus 362 III. Tujuh Hal Wajib Khumus 363 IV. Sebagian Dampak Buruk Melalaikan Khumus 364 DARAS 66-KHUMUSPustaka PENGHASILAN (1) 367 I. Makna Penghasilan 367 II. Jenis-jenis Penghasilan 367 III. Hal-hal yang Tidak Termasuk dalam Penghasilan 368 DARAS 67-KHUMUS PENGHASILAN (2) 373 I. Makna Ma’unah 373 II. Batasan Ma’unah 374 III. Ma’unah yang Keluar dari Kebutuhan 377 IV. Uang Penjualan Ma’unah 378 DARAS 68-KHUMUS PENGHASILAN (3) 380 Hal-hal yang Tidak Termasuk dalam Kebutuhan Hidup 380 10 DARAS 69-KHUMUS PENGHASILAN (4) 391 Contoh dari Hal-hal yang Termasuk dalam Kebutuhan Hidup 391 DARAS 70-KHUMUS PENGHASILAN (5) 399 Cara Penghitungan Khumus Penghasilan dan Pembayarannya 399 DARAS 71-KHUMUS PENGHASILAN (6) 405 DARAS 72-Khumus Tambang, Harta yang Bercampur antara Halal dan Haram, Penggunaan Khumus, Lain-lain 410 I. Khumus Tambang 410 II. Harta yang Bercampur antara Halal dan Haram 411 III.Penggunaan Khumus 412 IV. Lain-lain 417 BAB 6 - AMAR MAKRUF DAN NAHI MUNGKAR 421 DARAS 73-AMAR MAKRUF DAN NAHI MUNGKAR (1) 421 I. Makna Amar Makruf dan Nahi Mungkar 421 II. Kewajiban Amar Makruf dan Nahi Mungkar 421 III. Batasan Amar Makruf dan Nahi Mungkar 424 IV. Syarat-syarat Amar Makruf dan Nahi Mungkar Syiah 425 DARAS 74 430 AMAR MAKRUF DAN NAHI MUNGKAR (2) 430 I. Tahapan Amar Makruf dan Nahi Mungkar 430 II. Lain-lain 436 Pustaka 11 Syiah Pustaka 12 Pengantar Cetakan Kedua Hadirnya buku Daras Fikih: Ringkasan Fatwa Imam Ali Khamene’i tiga tahun lalu (2010), ternyata disambut cukup positif oleh para mukalid Imam Ali Khamene’i secara khusus dan peminat kajian fikih secara umum. Setidaknya ini terbukti dengan derasnya permintaan cetak ulang atas buku tersebut kepada pihak penerbit tak lama setelah buku itu keluar.
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