Audie Murphy
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Audie Murphy Audie Leon Murphy (20 June 1925 – 28 May 1971) was an American soldier, actor, songwriter, and rancher. He was one of Audie Murphy the most decorated American combat soldiers of World War II. He received every military combat award for valor available from the U.S. Army, as well as French and Belgian awards for heroism. Murphy received the Medal of Honor for valor that he demonstrated at the age of 19 for single-handedly holding off a company of German soldiers for an hour at the Colmar Pocket in France in January 1945, then leading a successful counterattack while wounded and out of ammunition. Murphy was born into a large family of sharecroppers in Hunt County, Texas. His father abandoned them, and his mother died when he was a teenager. Murphy left school in fifth grade to pick cotton and find other work to help support his family; his skill with a hunting rifle helped feed his family. After the attack on Pearl Harbor in 1941, Murphy's older sister helped him to falsify documentation about his birthdate in order to meet the minimum-age requirement for enlisting in the military. Turned down initially for being underweight by the Army, Navy and the Marine Corps, he eventually was able to enlist in the Audie Murphy photographed in 1948 Army. He first saw action in the 1943 Allied invasion of Sicily; wearing the U.S. Army khaki "Class A" then in 1944 he participated in the Battle of Anzio, the liberation (tropical service) uniform with full-size of Rome, and the invasion of southern France. Murphy fought at Montélimar and led his men on a successful assault at the L'Omet medals. quarry near Cleurie in northeastern France in October. Birth name Audie Leon Murphy Born 20 June 1925[ALM 1] After the war, Murphy embarked on a 21-year acting career. He played himself in the 1955 autobiographical film To Hell and Kingston, Texas, U.S. Back, based on his 1949 memoirs of the same name, but most of Died 28 May 1971 (aged 45) his roles were in westerns. He made guest appearances on Brush Mountain, near celebrity television shows and starred in the series Whispering Catawba, Craig County, Smith. Murphy was a fairly accomplished songwriter. He bred Virginia, U.S. quarter horses in California and Arizona, and became a regular participant in horse racing. Buried Arlington National Cemetery Suffering from what would today be described as post traumatic Allegiance United States of stress disorder (PTSD), Murphy slept with a loaded handgun America under his pillow. He looked for solace in addictive sleeping pills. In his last few years, he was plagued by money problems but Service/ United States refused offers to appear in alcohol and cigarette commercials branch Army because he did not want to set a bad example. Murphy died in a plane crash in Virginia in 1971, which was shortly before his 46th United States birthday. He was interred with military honors at Arlington Army National Guard National Cemetery, where his grave is one of the most visited. United States Contents Army Reserve Early life Years of 1942–45 (U.S. Army) service World War II service 1950–66 (Texas Army Mediterranean Theater National Guard) European Theater 1966–69 (U.S. Army Decorations Reserves) Postwar military service Rank First Lieutenant Post-traumatic stress (U.S.) Texas Army National Guard Major (Texas Film career Army National Guard) Personal life Service 18083707 (as enlisted Death and commemorations number man)[1] Song writing 01692509 (as Notes officer)[2][1] Footnotes Unit Citations 15th Infantry References Regiment Further reading 3rd Infantry External links Division (US) 36th Infantry Early life Division (Texas Army National Guard) Audie Murphy was born on 20 June 1925, in Kingston, a small Battles/wars World War II rural community in Hunt County in northeastern Texas.[ALM 1] He was the seventh of twelve children born to Emmett Berry Tunisia · Sicily · Naples- Murphy (1887–1976) and his wife Josie Bell Murphy (née Foggia · Anzio · Rome- Killian; 1891–1941). The Murphys were sharecroppers of Irish Arno · Southern France descent.[7] · Ardennes-Alsace · Rhineland · Central As a child, Murphy was a loner with mood swings and an Europe explosive temper.[8] He grew up in northeastern Texas around the towns of Farmersville, Greenville, and Celeste, where he attended Awards Medal of Honor elementary school.[9] His father drifted in and out of the family's Distinguished life and eventually deserted them. Murphy dropped out of school Service Cross in fifth grade and got a job picking cotton for a dollar a day Silver Star (equivalent to $19 in 2019) to help support his family; he also Medal (2) became skilled with a rifle, hunting small game to help feed them. After his mother died of endocarditis and pneumonia[10] in 1941, Legion of Merit he worked at a radio repair shop and at a combination general Bronze Star (2, [11] store, garage and gas station in Greenville. Hunt County 1 "V" device) authorities placed his three youngest siblings in Boles Children's Purple Heart (3) Home,[12] a Christian orphanage in Quinlan. After the war, he bought a house in Farmersville for his eldest sister Corinne and her husband, Poland Burns. His other siblings briefly shared the Army Good [13] home. Conduct Medal The loss of his mother stayed with Murphy throughout his life. Distinguished He later stated: Unit Citation (2) American Campaign Medal She died when I was sixteen. She had the most beautiful hair I've ever seen. It reached almost to the European- floor. She rarely talked; and always seemed to be African-Middle Eastern searching for something. What it was I don't know. Campaign Medal (9 We didn't discuss our feelings. But when she passed campaigns, arrowhead away, she took something of me with her. It seems device) I've been searching for it ever since.[14] World War II Victory Medal World War II service Army of Occupation Medal with Murphy had always wanted to be a soldier. After the Japanese Germany clasp attack on Pearl Harbor in December 1941, he tried to enlist,[11] French Legion but the Army, Navy and Marine Corps all turned him down for of Honour (grade of being underweight and underage. After his sister provided an Chevalier) affidavit that falsified his birth date by a year, he was accepted by French Croix de the U.S. Army on 30 June 1942.[ALM 1][ALM 2] After basic Guerre with silver star training at Camp Wolters,[19] he was sent to Fort Meade for advanced infantry training.[20] During basic training, he earned French Croix de the Marksman Badge with Rifle Component Bar and Expert Guerre with palm (3) Badge with Bayonet Component Bar.[21] Belgian Croix de Guerre with palm Mediterranean Theater French fourragère Murphy was shipped to Casablanca in French Morocco on 20 February 1943. He was assigned to Company B, 1st Battalion, in colors of the Croix de 15th Infantry Regiment, 3rd Infantry Division, which trained Guerre [22][23] under the command of Major General Lucian Truscott. He Combat participated as a platoon messenger with his division at Arzew in Infantryman Badge Algeria in rigorous training for the Allied assault landings in Sicily.[24] He was promoted to private first class on 7 May and Marksman Badge corporal on 15 July.[25][26] with Rifle Component Bar When the 3rd Infantry landed at Licata, Sicily, on 10 July, Murphy was a division runner.[27][28] On a scouting patrol, he Expert Badge with [29] killed two fleeing Italian officers near Canicattì. Sidelined with Bayonet Component illness for a week when Company B arrived in Palermo on 20 Bar July,[30] he rejoined them when they were assigned to a hillside location protecting a machine-gun emplacement, while the rest of Outstanding the 3rd Infantry Division fought at San Fratello en route to the Civilian Service Medal Allied capture of the transit port of Messina.[31] Texas Legislative Medal of Honor Murphy participated in the September 1943 mainland Salerno Other work Actor, songwriter, landing at Battipaglia.[32] While on a scouting party along the rancher Volturno River, he and two other soldiers were ambushed; Signature German machine gun fire killed one soldier. Murphy and the other survivor responded by killing five Germans with hand grenades and machine gun fire.[33] While taking part in the October Allied assault on the Volturno Line,[32][34] near Mignano Monte Lungo Hill 193, he and his company repelled an attack by seven German soldiers, killing three and taking four prisoner.[35] Murphy was promoted to sergeant on 13 December.[36] Website Audie L. Murphy (http:// www.audiemurphy.co [36] In January 1944, Murphy was promoted to staff sergeant. He m) was hospitalized in Naples with malaria on 21 January and was unable to participate in the initial landing at the Anzio beachhead.[37] He returned on 29 January and participated in the First Battle of Cisterna,[38][39] and was made a platoon sergeant in Company B following the battle.[40] He returned with the 3rd Division to Anzio, where they remained four months.[41] Taking shelter from the weather in an abandoned farmhouse on 2 March, Murphy and his platoon killed the crew of a passing German tank.[42] He then crawled out alone close enough to destroy the tank with rifle grenades, for which he received the Bronze Star with "V" device.[43][44] Murphy continued to make scouting patrols to take German prisoners before being hospitalized for a week on 13 March with a second bout of malaria.