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On a New Species of the Genus Rhabdias Stiles and Hassall, 1905

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On a New Species of the Genus Rhabdias Stiles and Hassall, 1905 Philippine Journal of Science 133 (1): 55-69, June 2004 ISSN 0031 - 7683 On a New Species of the Genus Rhabdias Stiles and Hassall, 1905 (Nematoda: Rhabditida) from Bufo melanostictus Schneider, 1799 from Belur and Habra,West Bengal, India, With a Host-Parasite List Mukul (Dutta) Sarkar and Buddhadeb Manna Parasitology Research Unit Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Calcutta-700 019, India The lungs of Bufo melanostictus Schneider, 1799 collected from West Bengal, India, were found to be infected with Rhabdias bulbicauda sp. nov., wisth the female specimen having a bulbiform caudal end.The description of the species is given. A host-parasite list of Rhabdias spp. and a comparative chart of close valid species of the genus Rhabdias is added. Keywords: Rhabdias, lung , bulbiform caudal end, Bufo melanostictus, West Bengal, India. During the course of a study on nematodes from parasites of vertebrates, Key No. 9 (Anderson and frogs and toads at Belur and Habra, West Bengal, Odile Bain, 1982) and Baylis (1936) were followed for India, specimens were recovered from the lungs of identification of the nematodes. Bufo melanostictus Schneider, 1799. These specimens are identified as a species under the genus Rhabdias Whenever the specimens were examined they Stiles and Hassall, 1905. On subsequent thorough were cleared in creosote (Beech Wood) oil. Before investigation they appeared to be new to science and restoring them into the 70% glycerine alcohol, the is described specimens were washed for about 4-5 minutes for two to three times in 70% acid alcohol to prevent darkening. All the measurements are in millimeter (mm) unless otherwise mentioned. Figures were drawn with the help of a Camera lucida. The Materials and Methods measurements mentioned in the text are the average Bufo melanostictus, the common Indian toad, were of 10 specimens studied. collected from its natural habitat, the damp, moist paddy fields and gardens at Belur, Howrah District and Habra, Materials examined North 24-Parganas District, West Bengal, India during 1996 to 2000. The nematodes after recovery from the 1. Holotype 1 female (Fig.1a, b, c. d ), paratype 4 lungs of freshly sacrificed toads were straight in 70% female – 24.7.98, 5 female − 13.5.2000; Host hot (about 60°C) alcohol, and then preserved in fresh Bufo melanostictus; location lung; locality Habra, 70% alcohol with a few drops of glycerine and kept North 24-Parganas District, West Bengal, India; with proper labelling. The CIH keys to the nematode Coll. Mukul (Dutta) Sarkar. 55 Sarkar & Manna 2. Paratype 2 female − 11.11.96; Host Bufo Stiles & Hassall, 1905, were found to be present in melanostictus; location lung; locality Belur, the same lung in four toads in the ratio of 1:3, 1: 7, Howrah District, West Bengal, India; Coll. 2:2 and 4:1. The rest of the hosts were infected with Mukul (Dutta) Sarkar. R. bufonis (Table 2). The percentage of infection of R. Holotype and all the paratypes were deposited at bufonis was calculated in the present study as 22.90 the collection of Parasitology Laboratory, Department and intensity of infection as 4.55 and percentage of of Zoology, the University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge the present species R. bulbicauda sp. nov. as 2.54 Circular Road, Kolkata 700 019, India and intensity of infection as 3.14 (Table 2) only. The measurements of R. bufonis recovered in the present observation differ from previous descriptions and are Etymology presented in Table 1. This species is named as R. bulbicauda sp. nov. due to the bulbiform structure at the caudal end of the Male:Unknown body of the female Female : Body 12.24-12.8 long, 0.48 wide; nerve ring 0.16-0.17 from the anterior end; excretory pore Observation 0.192-0.208 from the head; oesophagus 0.64-0.88 long; During the study period (1996 – 2000) a total 275 cervical gland 0.4 long; vulva 1.84-1.92 from the head hosts were examined of which 70 were infected by end; tail bulbular, (1.12-1.92) x (0.96-1.76) in diameter this nematode. Of the infected hosts 7 were infected (Fig. 1, 2a, b and 5); eggs (0.080-0.096) x (0.032-0.048) with the present species of the genus Rhabdias and in diameter, embryonated (Table-1). the rest 63 were infected with R. bufonis (Table 1). The female nematodes remain embedded in the During collection two species of nematodes, the present lung alveoli (Figures. 2, 3). The caudal end has a species along with Rhabdias bufonis (Schrank, 1788) button-like deep brown bulb which remains on the Table 1. Morphometric variations of closely related species of Rhabdias spp. Stiles and Hassall, 1905 and the present species (measurements in mm). Fotedar’s (1965) Rbabdias bufonis Rbabdias ranae Gupta’s (1960) Rbabdias bulbicauda Rhabdias bufonis Rbabdias escheri (Schrank, 1788) Stiles Walton, 1929 Rbabdias ranae sp. nov. in the present (Schrank, 1788) Stiles Baer, 1930 and Hassall,1905 in the in the present Walton, 1929 observation and Hassall, 1905 present observation observation Bangladesh, Distribution Kashmir, India South India West Bengal, India West Bengal, India West Bengal, India Asia Uraeotyphlus Peters, Rana tigrina Bufo viridis Rana tigrina 1879; Uraeotyphlus Bufo melanostictus Daudin, 1803 and Bufo melanostictus Host Laurenti1870 Daudin, 1803 oxyurus Schneider, 1799 Rana hexadactyla Schneider,1799 (Dumeril and Bibron) Lesson,1834 Location Lungs Lungs Body cavity Lungs Lungs Lungs Characters / Body parts Female Female Female Female Female Female 12.24-12.8 1 Length of body 4.5-12.5 5.54-7.6 5-6 12.41-16.73 1.88-9.95 2 Breadth of body 0.2-0.4 0.3-0.38 0.25-0.26 0.32-0.64 0.11-0.41 0.40-0.48 0.5 x 0.05-0.07 3 Length of oesophagus 0.5 0.34-0.37 0.64-0.89 0.14-0.48 0.64-0.88 (Diameter) Distance of nerve ring from 4 - 0.17-0.19 - 0.05-0.32 0.03-0.176 0.16-0.17 anterior end 5 Length of buccal cavity 0.024-0.027 - 0.015 Minute 0.03 0.016-0.024 Distance of excretory pore 6 - - - Non traceable 0.12-0.28 0.192-0.208 from anterior end a) Position of vulva from 7 - - 0.15 7.84-12.08 1.15-5.6 1.84-1.92 anterior end b) Position of vulva from - 2.6-3.2 - - - - posterior end (0.064-0.128) x (0.03-0.04) x (0.04- (0.080-0.096) x (0.032- 8 Diameter of egg 0.115 x 0.06 0.1 x 0.55-0.65 No eggs observed (0.048-0.064) 0.14) 0.048) Bulbiform 9 Length of tail - 0.21-0.39 0.12 0.19-0.4 0.09-0.54 10. Diameter of bulbular tail x x x x x (1.12-1.92) x (0.96-1.76) 56 Rhabdias Infection on Lungs Bufo melanostictus Table 2. Percentage and intensity of infection of Rhabdias spp. (Schrank, 1788) Stiles and Hassall, 1905 infecting Bufo melanostictus Schneider, 1799 in different seasons of the year No of Rhabdias No. of host No. of host Bufo No. of host No of bufonis (Schrank, infected by melanostic-tus infected by Percentage Intensity Rhabdias Percentage Intensity Seasons 1788) Stiles and Rhabdias Schneider, 1799 Rhabdias of infection of infection bulbicauda sp. Hassall, 1905 bulbicauda sp. of infection of infection examined bufonis nov. collected collected nov. Winter (Dec-Jan- 34 15 59 1 2 Feb; S1) Summer (March- 63 15 55 4 9 April-May; S2) Rainy (June-July- 95 14 62 1 9 Aug.; S ) 22.90% 4.55 3 2.54% 3.14 Autumn (Sept-Oct- 83 19 111 1 2 Nov; S4) Total 275 63 287 7 22 d 0.3 mm a c 0.4 mm b Figure 2. Photomicrograph of a dissected Bufo melanostictus infected with R. bulbicauda in its . Rhabdias bulbicauda n. sp. Camera lucida drawing (Holotype); Figure 1 right lung, black globular head on the lung surface - anterior portion of female worm, - vulval region, - caudal bulb, a b c (arrow marking); (natural size). and d - egg 57 Sarkar & Manna Figure 4. R. bulbicauda n. sp.; Photomicrograph posterior caudal end of the femal x40. Figure 3. Photomicrograph with R. bulbicauda (deep brown pin heads); on the right side are two separate whole parasites (natural size). surface of the lung while the rest of the body remains Discussion coiled inside the lung alveoli surrounding the capillaries (Fig.3, 4). Surrounding the parasites the lung alveoli remain blackish red .This bulging bulb structure in Generic Diagnosis the juvenile or subadult stage of the specimen is large The body is smooth and unstriated, mouth terminal and gradually decreases in size as the worm grows to and surrounded by 6 small and insignificant lips. Each maturity (Figures 1,2,3,4). Some haemorrhagic spots of the lateral lips bears a lateral papilla. Rhabdias are seen around the nematodes on the surface of the with a cup-shaped buccal cavity. The oesophagus lungs. Both the lungs and sometimes one lung remain short, cylindrical club-shaped ending in a bulb. The infected. Most of the parasites come out automatically oesophageal part of the body is thinner than the rest of when kept in normal saline while a few still remain the body. Two large cervical gland present with nuclei coiled within the lungs. The gut of this nematode near the posterior end. Anus terminal; Rectal gland not always remain filled up with blood and thus they are visible.
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