DOCSLIB.ORG

Governance of Steel and Kryptonite Politics in Contemporary Public Education Reform

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Governance of Steel and Kryptonite Politics in Contemporary Public Education Reform Columbia Law School Scholarship Archive Faculty Scholarship Faculty Publications 2016 Governance of Steel and Kryptonite Politics in Contemporary Public Education Reform James S. Liebman Columbia Law School, [email protected] Christina C. Ma [email protected] Elizabeth R. Cruikshank Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarship.law.columbia.edu/faculty_scholarship Part of the Education Law Commons, Law and Politics Commons, and the Law and Society Commons Recommended Citation James S. Liebman, Christina C. Ma & Elizabeth R. Cruikshank, Governance of Steel and Kryptonite Politics in Contemporary Public Education Reform, (2016). Available at: https://scholarship.law.columbia.edu/faculty_scholarship/1950 This Working Paper is brought to you for free and open access by the Faculty Publications at Scholarship Archive. It has been accepted for inclusion in Faculty Scholarship by an authorized administrator of Scholarship Archive. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Governance of Steel and Kryptonite Politics in Contemporary Public Education Reform James S. Liebman, Elizabeth R. Cruikshank, Christina C. Ma* © ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Abstract Public education in the United States has been crippled by a combination of entrenched bureaucratic governance and special-interest politics. To remedy these failings, school districts, states, and the federal Education Department have adopted education reforms characterized by rigorous outcome-focused standards and assessments and the empowering of public schools, charter or otherwise, to meet the standards. Despite promising initial results, however, the reforms have been widely criticized, including by the populations they most seek to help. To explain this paradox, this Article first tries to assimilate the new education reforms to the most frequently proposed alternatives to bureaucratic governance—marketization, managerialism, professionalism and craft. It concludes, however, that none of these models adequately elucidates the reforms or provides an attractive alternative to special-interest politics, a crucial concomitant of bureaucracy. The Article claims that another governance model, democratic experimentalism, better explains the recent reforms and provides a richly participatory alternative to special-interest politics, which directly engages stakeholders—families and teachers, in this case—into its collaborative governance mechanisms. The Article finds, however, that the new education reforms have largely omitted the “democratic” part of experimentalism, resulting in the backlash by special interest groups and the constituents the reforms help the most, parents and students. The Article concludes by proposing a more fully democratic version of the reforms designed to improve student outcomes, powerfully engage key stakeholders, and diminish objections. ________________________ * James S. Liebman, Simon H. Rifkind Professor, Columbia Law School; Elizabeth R. Cruikshank, J.D., Columbia Law School, 2015; Christina C. Ma, J.D., Columbia Law School 2012, Associate, Wachtell, Lipton, Rosen & Katz. We are grateful to a number of Columbia Law students who contributed substantially to the writing of this Essay: Anoushka Asgari, Brian Campbell, Caleb Deats, Levi Downing, Peter Fountain, Mark Goldberg, Simon Greenberg, Remy Grosbard, Daniel Hamburg, Kelsey Hogan, Ryan Johansen, Tara Raam, Gautam Rao, Jason Schnier, Prateek Vasireddy, and Jamie Wolfe. 1 Electronic copy available at: http://ssrn.com/abstract=2739734 Table of Contents INTRODUCTION I. K-12 Bureaucracy and its Discontents A. Governance B. Politics C. The “Education Reform” Response to Bureaucracy 1. Education reform in general 2. Education reform examples a. Moderate steps: Houston, Boston, Charlotte-Mecklenberg, and Denver b. All-out reform: Chicago, Washington, D.C. and New York City c. Collaborative reform in Baltimore d. U.S. federal policy 3. Two puzzles II. The Inability of Prominent Alternatives to Bureaucracy to Explain or Sustain the K- 12 Reforms A. Marketization B. Managerialism C. Professionalism/Craft D. Defects Common to the Contending Alternatives III. Democratic Experimentalism as an Antidote to Bureaucracy and Special-Interest Politics A. Promise, in Theory 1. Governance 2. Politics B. Concerns, in Theory C. Promise, in Practice 1. Toyota 2. Drug courts 3. Child welfare services 4. Chicago community policing 5. Land use, forestry, and ecosystem-wide water pollution control 6. Infant and maternal health 7. Finland special education D. Concerns, in Practice: Lessons from DE Implementation IV. Democratic Experimentalism in—and Not in—Action in Public Education Today 2 Electronic copy available at: http://ssrn.com/abstract=2739734 A. Experimentalist Governance and the Promise of the New Education Reforms B. The Absence of Experimentalist Politics and Risk of the Reforms’ Demise 1. A new vision of public education politics 2. The sobering reality of public education politics 3. Isolated stirrings of experimentalist school politics a. Revamping and creating schools b. New York City school surveys c. Bridgeport parent working teams V. A Fully Democratic, Experimentalist Regime for Public Education A. The Difficulty of Implementing Democratic Experimentalism in Public Education B. Steps Center and Schools Can Take to Create a New Politics 1. Creating authentic stakeholder-engagement structures 2. Building parent capacity 3. Integrating stakeholders into the new governance: a menu of options CONCLUSION 3 INTRODUCTION Since the turn of the century, a public education “reform” movement has taken shape in states such as Colorado, Florida, Louisiana, Massachusetts, New York, and Tennessee,1 and in some of the nation’s largest schools districts, including Camden, Charlotte, Chicago, Cleveland, Denver, Hartford, Houston, Long Beach, Los Angeles, New Orleans, Newark, New Haven, New York City, Oakland, Sacramento, and Washington, D.C.2 Steps taken—emphasizing student 1 See, e.g., THE BROAD PRIZE, UNCOMMON SCHOOLS (Spring 2014), available at www.broadeducation.org/asset/1852-uncommonschoolswhitepaper.pdf (illustrating “successful college preparatory practices of . 38 public charter schools in New York, New Jersey, and Massachusetts” serving low-income students); Patrick McGuinn, The State of Teacher Evaluation Reform, CTR. FOR AM. PROGRESS 11-35, Nov. 13, 2012, available at www.americanprogress.org/issues/education/report/2012/11/13/44494/the- state-of-teacher-evaluation-reform/ (evaluating and describing teacher evaluation reforms in Colorado, Delaware, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Tennessee); Stimulating Innovation with a 'Race to the Top', NPR STATEIMPACT FLORIDA, available at https://stateimpact.npr.org/florida/tag/race-to-the-top/ (detailing Florida’s plan to use Race to the Top funds on a new evaluation system for teachers and principals, programs using data to improve instruction and performance, and Common Core implementation); U.S. DEPT. OF EDUC., LOUISIANA STATE-REPORTED APR: SY 2012-2013, COMPREHENSIVE APPROACH TO EDUCATION REFORM, https://www.rtt-apr.us/state/louisiana/2012-2013/caer (last visited Apr. 1, 2014) (cataloguing Louisiana’s Race to the Top initiatives, including “network teams,” “data systems to support instruction,” and “fresh start and turnaround charter schools”); TENN. DEPT. OF EDUC., FIRST TO THE TOP, June 3, 2014, http://www.tn.gov/education/about/fttt.shtml (describing the reform strategy that earned Tennessee the first Race to the Top grant including “large scale training,” “actionable data in the hands of educators,” and a “statewide educator evaluation system”). 2 See, e.g., Emma Brown, Chancellor Kaya Henderson Names 15 D.C. Schools on Closure List, WASH. POST, Jan. 17, 2013, http://www.washingtonpost.com/local/education/chancellor-kaya-henderson-names-15-dc- schools-on-closure-list/2013/01/17/e04202fa-6023-11e2-9940-6fc488f3fecd_story.html (detailing a “fundamental remaking” of public education in Washington, D.C., with the city “at the leading edge of a national movement toward charters”); Kristen L. Buras, New Orleans Education Reform: A Guide for Cities or a Warning for Communities?, 4 BERKELEY REV. OF EDUC. 123, 128-30 (2013) (describing mass transition of traditional public schools to charger schools in New Orleans); The Road to Reform, CHARLOTTE- MECKLENBURG SCHOOLS (Oct. 2010), available at www.cms.k12.nc.us/mediaroom/Documents/The%20Road%20to%20Reform.PDF; Christine Campbell & Betheny Gross, Improving Student Opportunities and Outcomes in Hartford Public Schools, CTR. ON REINVENTING PUB. EDUC. 3 (June 2013), available at http://www.crpe.org/sites/default/files/Pub_EvidenceProject_Hartford_jul13.pdf.pdf (analyzing Hartford’s strategy of “portfolio management,” including “closing and redesigning chronically low-performing schools, opening new schools, and using data to guide these decisions”); Editorial, School Reform in Newark, N.Y. TIMES, Nov. 15, 2012, http://www.nytimes.com/2012/11/16/opinion/school-reform-in-newark-with-a-new- teachers-contract.html?_r=0 (describing reforms in Newark, New Jersey, including a “a rigorous [teacher] evaluation process that takes student achievement into account,” performance-based bonuses, and training to support “developing or struggling teachers”); PAUL T. HILL ET AL., STRIFE AND PROGRESS: PORTFOLIO STRATEGIES FOR MANAGING URBAN SCHOOLS 11-15 (2012) (detailing school districts utilizing portfolio strategies to manage their schools, including enhanced school autonomy and accountability,
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Teaching the Levees
    Teaching The Levees 7 Times-Picayune staff graphic by Emmett Mayer III; staff photos by Ellis Lucia, Alex Brandon, and Devaunshi Mahadevia Teaching The Levees A Curriculum for Democratic Dialogue and Civic Engagement 7 MARGARET SMITH CROCCO, Editor Teachers College Columbia University New York R This work is dedicated to the residents of the Gulf States, who survived the ravages of Hurricane Katrina by helping one another, and to those who died so tragically. R Published by Teachers College Press, 1234 Amsterdam Avenue, New York, NY 10027 Copyright © 2007 Teachers College, Columbia University. All rights reserved. This publication was made possible by a grant from the Rockefeller Foundation. Grateful acknowledgment is made to the following sources for permission to use their materials: Afro-American Newspapers Archives and Research Center for excerpt The Opportunity Agenda for reprinting of “The Opportunity from “Spike Lee captures pain, hope of Hurricane Katrina Agenda’s six core values” survivors,” by Zenitha Prince (August 26, 2006) Pew Research Center for reprinting of “Katrina has only modest AlterNet for excerpt from “Media hurricane is so much hot air,” by impact on basic public values” (September 22, 2005) Rory O’Connor (September 14, 2005) The Poynter Institute for excerpts from “Best practices: Images of The American Conservative for an excerpt from “The emperor’s new disaster and how they were captured,” by David Frank consensus,” by Scott McConnell (October 10, 2005) (September 3, 2005), and from “Katrina photos: A gallery & notes Associated Press for excerpts from “For now the offi cial Hurricane from photo editors,” by Kenny Irby (September 4, 2005) Katrina death toll stands at 1,697” (October 29, 2006) and from Reuters News Service for excerpt from “US censoring Katrina “Up to 35,000 kids still having major Katrina problems,” by Janet coverage,” by Deborah Zabarenko (September 8, 2005) McConnaughey (February 2, 2007) Joni Seager for excerpt from “Natural disasters expose gender divide,” Philip S.
    [Show full text]
  • Threat to Public Education Now Centers on Massachusetts
    THREAT TO PUBLIC EDUCATION NOW CENTERS ON MASSACHUSETTS May 2016 Preface This document updates and expands on Threat from the Right, an MTA task force report issued in May 2013. During the intervening years, the threat to public education, organized labor and social justice has grown substantially. Massachusetts is now in the crosshairs, with the forces behind charter schools, privatization and other attacks on the public good coalescing on Beacon Hill and throughout the state. That is reflected in the title of the 2016 edition, Threat to Public Education Now Centers on Massachusetts. No one should doubt the danger of the challenges outlined in these pages or the intensity of the forces behind them, which are national in scope. Nevertheless, winning the many fights we face is well within the power of the MTA and our allies — parents, students and other members of communities across Massachusetts and the nation. Understanding our opponents is an important step, and this report is intended to help us move toward meaningful victories as we continue to organize, mobilize and build the power we need to realize the goals of our Strategic Action Plan. Contents Introduction Elements of the Charter Campaign The Massachusetts Alignment ......................................................................................................7 Great Schools Massachusetts.......................................................................................................9 Families for Excellent Schools ....................................................................................................11
    [Show full text]
  • Newsline Template
    Local 237 NEWSLINE HERHO OT O R D B O L F A T N E O A I M T A S T N E R R E S T N I April/May 2014 Vol. 48, No. 2 R or the secoMnd timae iyn twoo mrontdhs, e Blasio, Keep Your PrBoack fmor a seicosnd re ound of rallying after school safety agents rallied on the participating in the first one April 8, were Fsteps of City Hall, calling on the Public Advocate Letitia James; Sonia Osso - mayor to settle their lawsuit over equal pay, rio, president, National Organization for the nation’s largest equal-pay suit. Joining Women, NYC chapter, and the League of Local 237’s rally on May 9 were Lilly Women Voters. Ledbetter, whose historic Supreme Court Ossorio recalled Mayor de Blasio’s posi - case led to the Fair Pay Act of 2009, which tion on settling the equal-pay suit a year ago bears her name, and Council Speaker at the NOW NYC Forum: “He said if he were Melissa Mark-Viverito, who called on the elected he would do it immediately. He said city to “move ahead much more quickly” he would make it a priority. He said it was a toward a settlement. no-brainer.” “There is no better way to honor moth - “Why would anyone accept less money ers on Mother’s Day,” said President Grego - for the same work?” asked James, adding, President Gregory Floyd addresses the press in front of City Hall ry Floyd, “than to fight as we do for “It’s time to pay these women their fair with a small army of equal-pay supporters behind him; Below, from women’s right to equal pay.” left, are Local 237 Attorney James Linsey; Public Advocate Letitia share.” Of the 5,000-plus school safety agents in James; an Equal Pay Coalition NYC official; Floyd; Equal Pay School Safety Agent Kangela Moore the lawsuit, 70 percent are women and all of Trailblazer Lilly Ledbetter; School Safety Agent Kangela Moore; said, “We’re still in a dream deferred,” and them are peace officers.
    [Show full text]
  • Joanne Barkan Is a Writer and a Member of the Editorial Board of Dissent Magazine. Her Recent Work Has Focused on Philanthropy A
    Joanne Barkan is a writer and a member of the editorial board of Dissent magazine. Her recent work has focused on philanthropy and democracy, private foundations, and the effort to remake public education in the United States. Barkan is the author of “Visions of Emancipation: The Italian Workers Movement Since 1945” (Praeger Publishers Inc., 1984) and was a regular contributor to the Rome-based daily newspaper Il Manifesto. She has also written many books of fiction, nonfiction, and verse for young readers. Jim Blew recently became president of StudentsFirst, the political and advocacy organization founded by former District of Columbia Public Schools Chancellor Michelle Rhee. For nearly 20 years before joining StudentsFirst, he advised the Walton family and the Walton Family Foundation on their K–12 reform investments. While serving as the foundation’s K–12 reform director, he helped guide more than $1 billion toward activists and educators who were striving to create high-quality school options for low- income communities across the country. At StudentsFirst, Blew is focusing more than 100 staff on policy opportunities in 12 states, combining his long-term commitment to educational choice with the pursuit of performance-based systems for teachers, administrators, and schools. From 2000 to 2005, Blew directed various campaigns for the Alliance for School Choice and its predecessor, the American Education Reform Council. Before committing himself full time to education reform, he worked at political and communications firms in New York and California. Stacey Childress is CEO at NewSchools Venture Fund. Before joining NewSchools, Childress led the K–12 Next Generation Learning team at the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, investing in schools and technologies that support personalized learning for middle and high school students in the United States.
    [Show full text]
  • General Election Debate | Comptroller 3 Candidates
    2013 General Election Debate Comptroller General Election Debate Comptroller Tuesday, October 8, 2013 | 7:00 PM NY1 Studios 75 Ninth Avenue New York, NY 10011 The New York City Campaign Finance Board is a nonpartisan, independent city agency that enhances the role of New York City residents in elections. The CFB’s mission is to increase voter participation and awareness, provide campaign finance information to the public, enable more citizens to run for office, strengthen the role of small contributors, and reduce the potential for actual or perceived corruption. The CFB is charged with administering the mandatory Debate Program, in concert with various civic and media partners who sponsor the debates. Its i a cornerstone of the CFB’s voter education efforts and provides New Yorkers with an opportunity to compare candidates side by side as they discuss the important issues facing the city. The debates help ensure New Yorkers are well-informed as they head to the polls to cast their vote. Candidates for citywide office who participate in the Campaign Finance Program and meet certain debate criteria must participate in debates prior to an election in which he or she is on the ballot. Candidates who opt out of the Campaign Finance Program may also be invited to join the debates at the discretion of the CFB and sponsoring organizations, provided the candidates meet the same criteria. NYCVotes #NYC2013 | @NYCVotes NYCCFB 2 New York City Campaign Finance Board Office of Comptroller The COMPTROLLER is the city’s chief financial officer. The comptroller’s responsibilities include: keeping the mayor and the City Council informed about the city’s financial condition; making recommendations about the operations, fiscal policies, and financial transactions of the city; auditing city agencies and investigating all matters concerning the city’s finances; registering and auditing contracts; issuing and selling city bonds; managing the city-held sinking funds and other trust and pension funds; and performing analysis to eliminate waste and fraud in city operations.
    [Show full text]
  • The Signal and the Noise
    nieman spring 2013 Vol. 67 no. 1 Nieman Reports The Nieman Foundation for Journalism REPOR Harvard University One Francis Avenue T s Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138 Nieman VOL Reports . 67 67 . To promoTe and elevaTe The sTandards of journalism n o. 1 spring 2013 o. T he signal and T he noise The SigNal aNd The NoiSe hall journalism and the future of crowdsourced reporting Carroll after the Boston marathon murdoch bombings ALSO IN THIS ISSUE Fallout for rupert mudoch from the U.K. tabloid scandal T HE Former U.s. poet laureate NIEMAN donald hall schools journalists FOUNDA Associated press executive editor T Kathleen Carroll on “having it all” ion a T HARVARD PLUS Murrey Marder’s watchdog legacy UNIVERSI Why political cartoonists pick fights Business journalism’s many metaphors TY conTEnts Residents and journalists gather around a police officer after the arrest of the Boston Marathon bombing suspect BIG IDEAS BIG CELEBRATION Please join us to celebrate 75 years of fellowship, share stories, and listen to big thinkers, including Robert Caro, Jill Lepore, Nicco Mele, and Joe Sexton, at the Nieman Foundation for Journalism’s 75th Anniversary Reunion Weekend SEPTEMBER 27–29 niEMan REPorts The Nieman FouNdatioN FoR Journalism at hARvARd UniversiTy voL. 67 No. 1 SPRiNg 2013 www.niemanreports.org PuBliShER Ann Marie Lipinski Copyright 2013 by the President and Fellows of harvard College. Please address all subscription correspondence to: one Francis Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02138-2098 EdiToR James geary Periodicals postage paid at and change of address information to: Boston, Massachusetts and additional entries. SEnioR EdiToR Jan gardner P.o.
    [Show full text]
  • Smallville: the Guardian Volume 1, Season 11 Pdf, Epub, Ebook
    SMALLVILLE: THE GUARDIAN VOLUME 1, SEASON 11 PDF, EPUB, EBOOK Pere Perez,Bryan Q. Miller | 144 pages | 30 Apr 2013 | DC Comics | 9781401238247 | English | United States Smallville: The Guardian Volume 1, Season 11 PDF Book During takeoff, Lois tells Clark that she has a bad feeling about the Guardian platforms, but Clark claims it might be a good thing, as Superman can't be everywhere at once; Lois, however, isn't convinced. Chasing The Dream by Ashlee Winston. Shelve Spider-Man: Life Story. Emil asks Terri to come into the operating room as her husband wants her, but is kicked out by Lex's security guards. The writing doesn't feel remotely like Smallville to me. Lex explains that the country needs to defend itself just as the Russians have now done by placing the Korolyov in orbit, that Lane needs to push through contracts with the Secretary of Defense to get the LexCorp Guardian orbital weapons platforms built. Lois is written as a parody of herself, and Clark seems very off. Jul 11, M. Oliver and Chloe are starting a new life, moving to another city, though Chloe and Oliver are continuing their lives as The Watchtower and Green Arrow. That's a kind 4 stars. Hank then makes a passionate quote about piloting and how it helps him appreciate what he has on Earth, then says Lex has given him a greater purpose, allowing him to pilot the Guardian platforms into space. A continuation of the series that meant so much to me, and BQM was the writer! Share: Share on Facebook opens in a new tab Share on Twitter opens in a new tab Share on Linkedin opens in a new tab Share on email opens in a new tab Comment: Comments count: 0.
    [Show full text]
  • T H E D a V I E R E
    The D avie Record DAVIE COUNTY'S OLDEST NEWSPAPER-THE PAPEK THE PEOPLE UEAD “HERE SHALL THE PRESS. THE PEOPLE’S RIGHTS MAINTAIN: UNAWED BY INFLUENCE AND UNBRIBED BY CAIN.” VOLUMN XLIV. MOCKSVILLE, NORTH CAROLINA, WEDNESDAY JUNE 2 . 1 9 4 3 NUMBER 4 6 NEWS OF LONG AGO. Wasting Time Some Rat Story Memo To Farmers Bond Ad Sponsors Seen Along Main Street Rev. W alter E. Isenhour. Hiddenite. N. C. Eli Privette and his little dog Some of us can remember when Has it ever occurred to you that By T lie S tr e e t R am b ler. What Was HappeaiDg b Dane Time is precious. It can’t be Willkte are veteran fighters In Ire­ the Department ot Agriculture was sponsors of War Bond advertise* 0 0 0 0 0 0 Before The New Deal Used Up , bought with silver and gold, diam dell county’s war against rats. They dedicated to serving the farmer— ments are contributing to a vital Two husky fellows playing check­ onds and pearls, rubles and gems. are just naturally rough on rats and not destroying him. part of tbe nation’s war effort The Alphabet, Drowned The ers while we are loafing around try­ It Is so precious that the Psalmist any rat that takes up at Mr. Priv- And, remembering, it is difficult The government depends upon ing to win a war—Henry Brogdon Hop and Plowed Up The prayed: ‘‘So teach us to number ette’s store and feed mill on the to believe the concoctions the eco­ the newspapers to put over the urge standing on a street corner in the Cotton and Con.
    [Show full text]
  • NEW RESUME Current-9(5)
    DEEDEE BRADLEY CASTING DIRECTOR [email protected] 818-980-9803 X2 TELEVISION PILOTS * Denotes picked up for series SWITCHED AT BIRTH* One hour pilot for ABC Family 2010 Executive Producers: Lizzy Weiss, Paul Stupin Director: Steve Miner BEING HUMAN* One hour pilot for Muse Ent./SyFy 2010 Executive Producers: Jeremy Carver, Anna Fricke, Michael Prupas Director: Adam Kane UNTITLED JUSTIN ADLER PILOT Half hour pilot for Sony/NBC 2009 Executive Producers: Eric Tannenbaum, Kim Tannenbaum, Mitch Hurwitz, Joe Russo, Anthony Russo, Justin Adler, David Guarascio, Moses Port Directors: Joe Russo and Anthony Russo PARTY DOWN * Half hour pilot for STARZ Network 2008 Executive Producers: Rob Thomas, Paul Rudd Director: Rob Thomas BEVERLY HILLS 90210* One hour pilot for CBS/Paramount and CW Network. Executive Producers: Gabe Sachs, Jeff Judah, Mark Piznarski, Rob Thomas Director: Mark Piznarski MERCY REEF aka AQUAMAN One hour pilot for Warner Bros./CW 2006 Executive Producers: Miles Millar, Al Gough, Greg Beeman Director : Greg Beeman Shared casting..Joanne Koehler VERONICA MARS* One hour pilot for Stu Segall Productions/UPN 2004 Executive Producers: Joel Silver, Rob Thomas Director: Mark Piznarski SAVING JASON Half hour pilot for Warner Bros./WBN 2003 Executive Producer: Winifred Hervey Director: Stan Lathan NEWTON One hour pilot for Warner Bros/UPN 2003 Executive Producers: Joel Silver, Gregory Noveck, Craig Silverstein Director: Lesli Linka Glatter ROCK ME BABY* Half hour pilot for Warner Bros./UPN 2003 Executive Producers: Tony Krantz, Tim Kelleher
    [Show full text]
  • Governance of Steel and Kryptonite Politics in Contemporary Public Education Reform James Liebman
    Florida Law Review Volume 69 Article 2 Issue 2 Volume 69, Issue 2 (2017) March 2017 Governance of Steel and Kryptonite Politics in Contemporary Public Education Reform James Liebman Elizabeth Cruikshank Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarship.law.ufl.edu/flr Part of the Education Law Commons Recommended Citation James Liebman and Elizabeth Cruikshank, Governance of Steel and Kryptonite Politics in Contemporary Public Education Reform, 69 Fla. L. Rev. 365 (2017). Available at: https://scholarship.law.ufl.edu/flr/vol69/iss2/2 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by UF Law Scholarship Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Florida Law Review by an authorized editor of UF Law Scholarship Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Liebman and Cruikshank: Governance of Steel and Kryptonite Politics in Contemporary Publi GOVERNANCE OF STEEL AND KRYPTONITE POLITICS IN CONTEMPORARY PUBLIC EDUCATION REFORM James S. Liebman*, Elizabeth Cruikshank**, Christina Ma*** Abstract Entrenched bureaucracies and special-interest politics hamper public education in the United States. In response, school districts and states have recently adopted or promoted reforms designed to release schools from bureaucratic control and empower them to meet strengthened outcome standards. Despite promising results, the reforms have been widely criticized, including by the educationally disadvantaged families they most appear to help. To explain this paradox, this Article first considers the governance alternatives to bureaucracy that the education reforms adopt. It concludes that the reforms do not adopt the most commonly cited alternatives to bureaucracy—marketization, managerialism, or professionalism/craft— and that none of those models effectively frees public education of special-interest politics.
    [Show full text]
  • DOWNLOAD Superman.Pdf
    EXT. FARMLAND John and Martha Kent lay in the field, looking at the stars. Martha looks from her wedding ring to John. MARTHA John? JOHN Yes? MARTHA I've been meaning to tell you- JOHN Oh my god... He stares up, astonished. She looks to where he's looking: a meteor cutting through the sky. It hits the ground a few miles away, causing a small explosion. John and Martha look at each other. CUT TO: Their red truck pulling up to the crater. John slams the door behind him as he runs up to its edge. MARTHA Don't get too close. JOHN Someone could be hurt. MARTHA Just... be careful... John nods and turns to venture down into the large crash site. Martha waits, biting her nails. She paces impatiently across the field. He returns a few seconds later, carrying something in his arms. Close in on baby Clark. Created using Celtx 2. TITLE: SUPERMAN It fades into a black screen. All we hear is the muffled sounds of panic and alarms. They slowly get clearer and clearer until we CUT TO: INT. AIRPLANE The passengers scramble for their seatbelts and their oxygen masks. 25 YEARS LATER The pilots try everything they can to get control of the plane back. They flick switches and tap dials. They attempt to talk over the noise. Suddenly, the plane rocks. It stabilizes. PILOT What's going on? (To co-pilot) Did you do that? The co-pilot shakes his head. The passengers quiet down as they feel the change in movement.
    [Show full text]
  • Exploring the Effects of Binge Watching on Television Viewer Reception
    Syracuse University SURFACE Dissertations - ALL SURFACE June 2015 Breaking Binge: Exploring The Effects Of Binge Watching On Television Viewer Reception Lesley Lisseth Pena Syracuse University Follow this and additional works at: https://surface.syr.edu/etd Part of the Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons Recommended Citation Pena, Lesley Lisseth, "Breaking Binge: Exploring The Effects Of Binge Watching On Television Viewer Reception" (2015). Dissertations - ALL. 283. https://surface.syr.edu/etd/283 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the SURFACE at SURFACE. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations - ALL by an authorized administrator of SURFACE. For more information, please contact [email protected]. ABSTRACT The modern television viewer enjoys an unprecedented amount of choice and control -- a direct result of widespread availability of new technology and services. Cultivated in this new television landscape is the phenomenon of binge watching, a popular conversation piece in the current zeitgeist yet a greatly under- researched topic academically. This exploratory research study was able to make significant strides in understanding binge watching by examining its effect on the viewer - more specifically, how it affects their reception towards a television show. Utilizing a uses and gratifications perspective, this study conducted an experiment on 212 university students who were assigned to watch one of two drama series, and designated a viewing condition, binge watching or appointment viewing. Data gathered using preliminary and post questionnaires, as well as short episodic diary surveys, measured reception factors such as opinion, enjoyment and satisfaction. This study found that the effect of binge watching on viewer reception is contingent on the show.
    [Show full text]