DOCSLIB.ORG

PHL-OCHA-R8 Profile-A3 Final

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

Philippines: Region VIII (Eastern Visayas) Profile Region VIII or Eastern Visayas Visayas is one of the three regions situated in the middle of the Philippines and serves to link the POPULATION POVERTY islands of Luzon and Mindanao through the National Maharlika Highway that runs through it. It is bounded by the Surigao Channel Source: PSA 2010 Census Source: PSA 2012 and the island of Mindanao on the south; by the San Bernardino Strait Region VIII PopulationRegion VIII Households Urban/Rural Poverty Incidence among Population (%) and the tip of the Bicol Peninsula on the north; the Maqueda Bay, 60% 2M 9% Camotes and Visayan Seas, and the islands of Cebu and Bohol on the urban 49% west; and the Leyte Gulf, the Philippine Sea and the Pacific Ocean on 40% 4.1 .8 91% 50% 6 7 136 4,390 million million Rural the east. 41.5% 42.6% 45.2% PROVINCES CITIES MUNICIPALITIES BARANGAYS Female 20% 4 9 4 9 4 9 4 9 4 9 Disability 6 5 5 4 4 3 3 2 2 1 14 9 Population Projection 4 - - - - - - - - - - - 0 5 0 5 0 5 0 5 0 5 5- 0- 65+ 6 5 5 4 4 3 3 2 2 1 10 Male 0 Catarman 4.4 9% 1991 2006 2009 2012 million 4.1 4.3 2015 (per Household population) million million estimate 2010 2014 Census estimate 51% NORTHERN 37,200 % Poverty Incidence 0 - 14 15 - 26 27 - 39 40 - 56 57 - 84 SAMAR 2.1M 34,600 NATURAL DISASTERS HUMAN DEVELOPMENT EASTERN Source: OCD/NDRRMC Conditional cash transfer Source: DSWD SAMAR 5,000 Calbayog beneficiaries (children) 31 31 Number of disaster ,600 incidents per year 710 ,300 24 Affected Population 634 (in thousands) 345,724 2,500 457,400 SAMAR 308,867 16 16 Notable incident Typhoon 198,000 224,107 Girls Catbalogan 325,482 364,906 113 47 97,775 233,313 100,164 Boys BILIRAN Borongan 2010 2011 2012 2013 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Naval NUTRITION WASH HEALTH Source: FNRI 2012 Source: PSA 2010 Census Source: DOH Malnutrition 0-60 months old Personnel Water Spring 6% Bottled Tubed- Supply piped 5% Faucet 22% Tacloban community system Dug 57% well 861 204 145 85 7% 42% 26% 8% Midwives Nurses Doctors Dentists Stunting Underweight Wasting Others Ormoc 3% Facilities LEYTE 71%water sealed 6% closed pit 17% Food none 4% Legend open pit Insecurity Provincial capital 809 51 5 Major city 74% 37% 24% Toilets Health Private Government Major airport Household Mother Children Stations Hospitals Hospitals Minor airport (Philippines only) Major Port Active Volcano LIVELIHOOD EDUCATION SHELTER Source: PSA (QuickStat)2015 Source: PSA 2010/DepEd Source: PSA 2010 Census Region boundary Functional Literacy Rate Roof Province boundary 64% SOUTHERN Labor labor force participation Primary road LEYTE Force Secondary road Strong Light Salvaged under11% Main river employment rate Roof/Wall Strong 41% 3% .04% Perennial lake 72% Material employment90% rate Light 27% 31% 0.1% Wall Population Density (per km2) Maasin Sectors 0 - 5 .5% .4% 0% Salvaged 6 - 25 3,637 21% 19% primary schools 26 - 50 Service 51 - 100 Housing 101 - 500 8% 1% 501 - 2,500 Industry Tenure 2,501 - 5,000 416K 378K male primary female primary 86% 3% 10% .7% > 5,000 45% 5% school students school students Owned/being Rented Rent free with Rent free amortized consent without consent Agriculture The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations. Creation date: 01 Dec 2015 Sources: PSA, DSWD (NHTS), DOH, OCD/NDRRMC, DEPED, FNRI, Project NOAH, NAMRIA, GADM, SRTM Feedback: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] www.unocha.org/philippines www.reliefweb.int philippines.humanitarianresponse.info .
Recommended publications
  • Observations of Surface Currents in Panay Strait, Philippines

    Observations of Surface Currents in Panay Strait, Philippines

    OBSERVATIONS OF SURFACE CURRENTS IN PANAY STRAIT, PHILIPPINES A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE DIVISION OF THE UNIVERSITY OF HAWAI`I AT MANOA¯ IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN OCEANOGRAPHY December 2016 By Charina Lyn A. Repollo Dissertation Committee: Pierre Flament, Chairperson Mark Merrifield Glenn Carter Francois Ascani Camilo Mora We certify that we have read this dissertation and that, in our opinion, it is satisfac- tory in scope and quality as a dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Oceanography. DISSERTATION COMMITTEE Chairperson i Copyright 2016 by Charina Lyn A. Repollo ii Acknowledgements This thesis is the result of hard work whereby I have been accompanied and supported by many people. This is an opportunity for me to express my gratitude for all of them. I am indebted to the Office of the Naval Research (ONR) through the Philippine Strait Dynamics Experiment (PhilEx) program for the funding support (grant N00014-09-1- 0807 to Pierre Flament). To the dedication and skill of the Captain and crew of the R/V Melville and the many U.S. and Philippine students, technicians, volunteers, and scientists who participated, assisted and helped in the fieldwork. Janet Sprintal provided the moored shallow pressure gauges and ADCP data (ONR grant N00014-06-1-690), Craig Lee provided the TRIAXUS data, and Julie Pullen provided the COAMPS winds. I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my advisor, Pierre Flament, for his pa- tience, motivation and intellectual support. His guidance helped me a lot in all the time of research and writing of this thesis.
  • Pdf (Accessed Department of Environment and Natural September 1, 2010)

    Pdf (Accessed Department of Environment and Natural September 1, 2010)

    OceanTEFFH O icial MAGAZINEog OF the OCEANOGRAPHYraphy SOCIETY CITATION May, P.W., J.D. Doyle, J.D. Pullen, and L.T. David. 2011. Two-way coupled atmosphere-ocean modeling of the PhilEx Intensive Observational Periods. Oceanography 24(1):48–57, doi:10.5670/ oceanog.2011.03. COPYRIGHT This article has been published inOceanography , Volume 24, Number 1, a quarterly journal of The Oceanography Society. Copyright 2011 by The Oceanography Society. All rights reserved. USAGE Permission is granted to copy this article for use in teaching and research. Republication, systematic reproduction, or collective redistribution of any portion of this article by photocopy machine, reposting, or other means is permitted only with the approval of The Oceanography Society. Send all correspondence to: [email protected] or The Oceanography Society, PO Box 1931, Rockville, MD 20849-1931, USA. downloaded FROM www.tos.org/oceanography PHILIppINE STRAITS DYNAMICS EXPERIMENT BY PAUL W. MAY, JAMES D. DOYLE, JULIE D. PULLEN, And LAURA T. DAVID Two-Way Coupled Atmosphere-Ocean Modeling of the PhilEx Intensive Observational Periods ABSTRACT. High-resolution coupled atmosphere-ocean simulations of the primarily controlled by topography and Philippines show the regional and local nature of atmospheric patterns and ocean geometry, and they act to complicate response during Intensive Observational Period cruises in January–February 2008 and obscure an emerging understanding (IOP-08) and February–March 2009 (IOP-09) for the Philippine Straits Dynamics of the interisland circulation. Exploring Experiment. Winds were stronger and more variable during IOP-08 because the time the 10–100 km circulation patterns period covered was near the peak of the northeast monsoon season.
  • Dynamics of Atmospheres and Oceans Seasonal Surface Ocean

    Dynamics of Atmospheres and Oceans Seasonal Surface Ocean

    Dynamics of Atmospheres and Oceans 47 (2009) 114–137 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Dynamics of Atmospheres and Oceans journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/dynatmoce Seasonal surface ocean circulation and dynamics in the Philippine Archipelago region during 2004–2008 Weiqing Han a,∗, Andrew M. Moore b, Julia Levin c, Bin Zhang c, Hernan G. Arango c, Enrique Curchitser c, Emanuele Di Lorenzo d, Arnold L. Gordon e, Jialin Lin f a Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of Colorado, UCB 311, Boulder, CO 80309, USA b Ocean Sciences Department, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, USA c IMCS, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA d EAS, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA e Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, Palisades, NY, USA f Department of Geography, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA article info abstract Article history: The dynamics of the seasonal surface circulation in the Philippine Available online 3 December 2008 Archipelago (117◦E–128◦E, 0◦N–14◦N) are investigated using a high- resolution configuration of the Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS) for the period of January 2004–March 2008. Three experi- Keywords: ments were performed to estimate the relative importance of local, Philippine Archipelago remote and tidal forcing. On the annual mean, the circulation in the Straits Sulu Sea shows inflow from the South China Sea at the Mindoro and Circulation and dynamics Balabac Straits, outflow into the Sulawesi Sea at the Sibutu Passage, Transport and cyclonic circulation in the southern basin. A strong jet with a maximum speed exceeding 100 cm s−1 forms in the northeast Sulu Sea where currents from the Mindoro and Tablas Straits converge.
  • The Archipelagic States Concept and Regional Stability in Southeast Asia Charlotte Ku Cku@Law.Tamu.Edu

    The Archipelagic States Concept and Regional Stability in Southeast Asia Charlotte Ku [email protected]

    Case Western Reserve Journal of International Law Volume 23 | Issue 3 1991 The Archipelagic States Concept and Regional Stability in Southeast Asia Charlotte Ku [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarlycommons.law.case.edu/jil Part of the International Law Commons Recommended Citation Charlotte Ku, The Archipelagic States Concept and Regional Stability in Southeast Asia, 23 Case W. Res. J. Int'l L. 463 (1991) Available at: https://scholarlycommons.law.case.edu/jil/vol23/iss3/4 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Journals at Case Western Reserve University School of Law Scholarly Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Case Western Reserve Journal of International Law by an authorized administrator of Case Western Reserve University School of Law Scholarly Commons. The Archipelagic States Concept and Regional Stability in Southeast Asia Charlotte Ku* I. THE PROBLEM OF ARCHIPELAGIC STATES For the Philippines and Indonesia, adoption by the Third Law of the Sea Conference in the 1982 Law of the Sea Convention (1982 LOS Convention) of Articles 46-54 on "Archipelagic States," marked the cap- stone of the two countries' efforts to win international recognition for the archipelagic principle.' For both, acceptance by the international com- munity of this principle was an important step in their political develop- ment from a colony to a sovereign state. Their success symbolized independence from colonial status and their role in the shaping of the international community in which they live. It was made possible by their efforts, in the years before 1982, to negotiate a regional consensus on the need for the archipelagic principle, a consensus that eventually united the states of Southeast Asia at the Third Law of the Sea Conference (UNCLOS III).
  • RIOP09, Leg 2 [Final] Report

    RIOP09, Leg 2 [Final] Report

    RIOP09, Leg 2 [final] Report Regional Cruise Intensive Observational Period 2009 RIOP09 R/V Melville, 27 February – 21 March 2009 Arnold L. Gordon, Chief Scientist Leg 2 [final] Report Manila to Dumaguete, 9 March to 21 March 2009 “Pidgie” RIOP09 Leg 2 Mascot, Dumaguete-Manila Preface: While this report covers RIOP09 leg 2, it also serves as the final report, thus the introductory section of the leg 1 report is repeated. For completeness within a single document the preliminary analysis [or better stated: first impressions of the story told by the RIOP09 data set] included in the leg 1 report are given in the appendices section of this report. Other appendices describe specific components of RIOP09: CTD-O2; LADCP; hull ADCP; PhilEx moorings; the Philippine research program: Chemistry/Bio- optics; and sediment trap moorings. I Introduction: The second Regional IOP of PhilEx, RIOP09, aboard the R/V Melville began from Manila on 27 February. We return to Manila on 21 March 2009, with an intermediate port stop for personnel exchange in Dumaguete, Negros, on 9 March. This divides the RIOP09 into 2 legs, with CTD-O2/LADCP/water samples [oxygen, nutrients]; hull ADCP and underway-surface data [met/SSS/SST/Chlorophyll] on both legs, and the recovery of: 4 PhilEx, 2 Sediment Trap moorings of the University of Hamburg, and an EM-Apex profiler, on leg 2. The general objective of RIOP09, as with the previous regional cruises is to provide a view of the stratification and circulation of the Philippine seas under varied monsoon condition, as required to support of PhilEx DRI goals directed at ocean 1 RIOP09, Leg 2 [final] Report dynamics within straits.
  • A Management Plan Framework for the Verde Island Passage Marine

    A Management Plan Framework for the Verde Island Passage Marine

    The Verde Framework Verde The The FrameworkVerde A Management Plan Framework for The Verde Island Passage Marine Corridor DENR PAGE 84 INSIDE BACK COVER The Verde Vision Verde Island Passage Marine Corridor at the center of global marine biodiversity, is a socially and economically developed community of responsible citizenry committed and empowered to be effective, conscientious and accountable stewards of our environment and natural resources.” & Mission “To mobilize partnerships and strengthen capability among local government units, national government agencies, private sectors, non-government organizations, academe, volunteer groups, social/civic organizations and coastal communities and residents for sustained biodiversity conservation and socio-economic development” COVER, INSIDE FRONT COVER & INSIDE BACK COVER IN SEPARATE FILE INSIDE FRONT COVER PAGE 1 The Verde Framework The Verde Island Passage Marine Corridor M a nagement Pl a n Fr a mework Philippine Copyright ©2009 Department of Environment & Natural Resources Protected Areas & Wildlife Bureau This publication may be reproduced in whole or in part and in any form for educational or non-profit purposes without special permission from the copyright holder provided acknowledgment of the source is made. DENR - PAWB Ninoy Aquino Parks and Wildlife Center Compound Quezon Avenue, Diliman 1101 Quezon City, Philippines Tel. (+632) 924-6031 Fax. (+632) 924-0109; (632) 925-8950 [email protected] http:www.pawb.gov.ph ISBN 978-971-8986-76-9 Printed and bound in the Philippines First printing, 2009. Second printing, 2010. For citation purposes this document may be cited as: Protected Areas and Wildlife Bureau - Department of Environment & Natural Resources, 2009. The Verde Framework. PAGE 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS Executive Summary 4 I.
  • San Bernardino Strait Hydrodynamic Modeling for Yield Assessment and Optimization

    San Bernardino Strait Hydrodynamic Modeling for Yield Assessment and Optimization

    San Bernardino Strait Hydrodynamic Modeling for yield assessment and optimization Carvalho GV*, Soares, FML*, Cabral, MM*, Lucas, M** * Prooceano ** CLS Abstract- SABELLA and H&B plan to develop Southeast Asian first ocean power plant which will power up off-grid areas in Capul island in San Bernardino Strait in Philippines. This work presents the hydrodynamic modeling in San Bernardino strait, an effort aiming to support the choice of the best site for the tidal stream power turbines. The hydrodynamic model is based on a high resolution bathymetry for the specific areas of interest as well as three ADCP measurements, both high valuable datasets for model set-up and calibration. Keywords-Yield assessment, Hydrodynamic Model, Tidal energy, ROMS, Phillipines. I. INTRODUCTION San Bernardino Strait is a narrow passage on the northeastern side of the Philippine Archipelago that presents very strong currents. It is composed of four channels between islands - Samar, San Antonio, Capul, Calitaan and Luzon - by which tidal flow and a strong archipelago throughflow interacts with complex bathymetry to produce a Figure 1: Study area. very energetic flow regime [1,2]. Tides are by far the most energetic process in the region generating oscillating II. MODELING STRATEGY currents with very high intensity while the Indonesian Throughflow (ITF) is responsible for the large scale flow In order to account for the detected forcings and to simulate with an unidirectional, southward transport - from Pacific to the currents at such small scale channels reaching the the Philippines Archipelago [3,4,5]. required resolution for yield assessment (25 m), a one-way, Modeling the circulation within the Philippine archipelago is offline nesting approach was required.
  • Physical Oceanography of the Southeast Asian Waters

    Physical Oceanography of the Southeast Asian Waters

    UC San Diego Naga Report Title Physical Oceanography of the Southeast Asian waters Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/49n9x3t4 Author Wyrtki, Klaus Publication Date 1961 eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California NAGA REPORT Volume 2 Scientific Results of Marine Investigations of the South China Sea and the Gulf of Thailand 1959-1961 Sponsored by South Viet Nam, Thailand and the United States of America Physical Oceanography of the Southeast Asian Waters by KLAUS WYRTKI The University of California Scripps Institution of Oceanography La Jolla, California 1961 PREFACE In 1954, when I left Germany for a three year stay in Indonesia, I suddenly found myself in an area of seas and islands of particular interest to the oceanographer. Indonesia lies in the region which forms the connection between the Pacific and Indian Oceans, and in which the monsoons cause strong seasonal variations of climate and ocean circulation. The scientific publications dealing with this region show not so much a lack of observations as a lack of an adequate attempt to synthesize these results to give a comprehensive description of the region. Even Sverdrup et al. in “The Oceans” and Dietrich in “Allgemeine Meereskunde” treat this region superficially except in their discussion of the deep sea basins, whose peculiarities are striking. Therefore I soon decided to devote most of my time during my three years’ stay in Indonesia to the preparation of a general description of the oceanography of these waters. It quickly became apparent, that such an analysis could not be limited to Indonesian waters, but would have to cover the whole of the Southeast Asian Waters.
  • Making the First Global Trade Route: the Southeast Asian Foundations

    Making the First Global Trade Route: the Southeast Asian Foundations

    MAKING THE FIRST GLOBAL TRADE ROUTE: THE SOUTHEAST ASIAN FOUNDATIONS OF THE ACAPULCO-MANILA GALLEON TRADE, 1519 - 1650 A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE DIVISION OF THE UNIVERSITY OF HAWAIʻI AT MĀNOA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN HISTORY AUGUST 2014 By Andrew Christian Peterson Dissertation Committee: Matthew Romaniello, Chairperson Fabio López-Lázaro Vina Lanzona Kieko Matteson Cynthia Franklin Keywords: Manila Galleon, Philippines, Pacific Ocean, Indios, Spanish Empire ©Andrew Christian Peterson, 2014 i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First and foremost, thanks are due to those I have worked with at the University of Hawaii, including professors Matthew Romaniello, Kieko Matteson, Vina Lanzona, Fabio López-Lázaro, Cynthia Franklin, Leonard Andaya, and the late Jerry Bentley. Jerry Bentley and his world history program were what lured me to study at UH and my years working under him, while few, were tremendously rewarding. The World History program at Hawaii proved to be a dynamic intellectual community that aided me in more ways that can be counted. My interest in the Acapulco-Manila galleon trade began back in 2007 at San Diego State University while working under David Christian and Paula De Vos, both of whom helped me set the groundwork for this study as an MA thesis. Researching this project would not have been possible without the resources made available to me by the staff of the Ayer Collection at the Newberry Library in Chicago, Illinois. Thanks are also due to the staff members of the Pacific Collection at the University of Hawaii’s Hamilton Library, the Hatcher Graduate Library at the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor, and the Latin American Collection at the University of Florida.
  • Philippine Marginal Seas NAST/NRCP/DOST

    Philippine Marginal Seas NAST/NRCP/DOST

    Marginal Seas of the Philippines:a marginal sea is a sea Status and Challengespartially enclosed by islands, archipelagos, or peninsulas, adjacent to or Cesar L Villanoy widely open to the open South China Sea Marine Science Instituteocean at the surface, West Philippine Sea and/or bounded by East UniversitySea of the Philippines submarine ridges on the Sulu Sea sea floor - Wikipedia Sulawesi Sea RTD on Philippine Marginal Seas NAST/NRCP/DOST Smaller Marginal Seas within the Archipelago San Bernardino Strait N Sibuyan Sea Sill depth 92m S Sibuyan Sea Visayan Sea Surigao Strait Camotes Sea Sill depth 52m Bohol Sea Bathymetry Philippine archipelagic basins are deep but separated by shallower topographic barriers of sills Name Max Depth Sill Depth (m) Surface Area (km2) South China Sea >5,000 2,200 3,352,500 Sulawesi Sea >5,000 1,350 430,000 Sulu Sea >5,000 520 (Panay) 287,500 350 (Sibutu) Bohol Sea 1,800 420 (Sulu) 26,150 52 (Surigao Strait) North Sibuyan 1,700 500 9,500 South Sibuyan 1,350 400 7,500 Visayan 50 Shallow sea 8,900 Camotes 800 <300 8,600 Deep water flowing over sills Temperature and oxygen profiles below 300m in the different basins Chlorophyll Forcing in the Marginal Seas Asian Monsoon Winds earth.nullschool.net Chavanne et al., 2002) Wind jets in the Verde Passage forcing local upwelling May et al, 2011 Bohol Sea Marginal Sea with significant flow from Pacific to Sulu Sea Bohol Jet and Iligan Bay Eddy Semi-enclosed nature of archipelagic basins and implications to reef connectivity Kool et al, 2011 Summary • Archipelagic
  • Ecosystems Improved for Sustainable Fisheries (Ecofish) Project Completion Report

    Ecosystems Improved for Sustainable Fisheries (Ecofish) Project Completion Report

    ECOSYSTEMS IMPROVED FOR SUSTAINABLE FISHERIES (ECOFISH) PROJECT COMPLETION REPORT ECOFISH COMPLETION REPORT 1 This publication was produced for review by the United States Agency for International Development by Tetra Tech, through USAID Contract No: AID-492-C-12-00008. This report was prepared by: Tetra Tech 159 Bank Street, Suite 300 Burlington, Vermont 05401 USA Telephone: (802) 658-3890 Fax: (802) 495-0282 E-Mail: [email protected] Tetra Tech Contacts: Nygiel Armada, Chief of Party Gina Green, Project Manager 159 Bank Street, Suite 300 P.O. Box 1397 Burlington, VT 05402 Tel: (802) 495-0282 Email: [email protected] COVER PHOTO: © Joel Policarpio. PHOTOGRAPHY CREDIT: Unless otherwise noted, all photos are property of the ECOFISH project. ECOSYSTEMS IMPROVED FOR SUSTAINABLE FISHERIES (ECOFISH) PROJECT COMPLETION REPORT JULY 2017 The author’s views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect the views of the United States Agency for International Development or the United States Government ECOFISH COMPLETION REPORT 3 TABLE OF CONTENTS ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS ...................................................................................................... III EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ............................................................................................................................. VIII 1.0 INTRODUCTION AND PROJECT OVERVIEW ........................................................................... 1 1.2 PROJECT DESIGN AND OBJECTIVES .................................................................................

  • THE OFFICIAL Magazine of the OCEANOGRAPHY SOCIETY

    OceanTE H OFFICIAL MAGAZINEog of the OCEANOGRAPHYraphy SOCIETY CITATION Jones, B.H., C.M. Lee, G. Toro-Farmer, E.S. Boss, M.C. Gregg, and C.L. Villanoy. 2011. Tidally driven exchange in an archipelago strait: Biological and optical responses. Oceanography 24(1):142–155, doi:10.5670/oceanog.2011.11. COPYRIGHT This article has been published inOceanography , Volume 24, Number 1, a quarterly journal of The Oceanography Society. Copyright 2011 by The Oceanography Society. All rights reserved. USAGE Permission is granted to copy this article for use in teaching and research. Republication, systematic reproduction, or collective redistribution of any portion of this article by photocopy machine, reposting, or other means is permitted only with the approval of The Oceanography Society. Send all correspondence to: [email protected] or The Oceanography Society, PO Box 1931, Rockville, MD 20849-1931, USA. do WNLOADED from WWW.tos.org/oceanography PHILIppINE STRAITS DYNAMICS EXPERIMENT T IDALLY DRIVEN EXCHANGE IN AN A RCHIPELAGO STRAIT BIOLOGICAL AND OpTICAL RESPONSES BY BURTON H. JONES, CRAIG M. LEE, GERARDO TORO-FARMER, EMMANUEL S. BOSS, MICHAEL C. GREGG, AND CESAR L. VILLANOY 142 Oceanography | Vol.24, No.1 AbsTRACT. Measurements in San Bernardino Strait, one of two major connections Period (IOP-09). To our knowledge, few between the Pacific Ocean and the interior waters of the Philippine Archipelago, previous data exist from this region; captured 2–3 m s-1 tidal currents that drove vertical mixing and net landward even the mean net transport is uncer- transport. A TRIAXUS towed profiling vehicle equipped with physical and optical tain (Gordon et al., 2011).