String Quartets
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Name: ______________________________________ Music 6___________ 6th Grade Music: String Quartets Instructions: Read the information below (this came from the website https://www.liveabout.com/string-quartet-101-723913). Prompt #1: Answer these questions using complete sentences. 1. Use your own words to describe what a string quartet is. 2. String quartets are usually made up of four movements (sections). Which of the four movements are usually fast? Circle all that apply a. First movement b. Second movement c. Third movement d. Fourth movement. Prompt #2: Under “Notable String Quartet Composers” below, choose one YouTube video to listen to. You do not need to listen to the entire video. Answer the following questions as you watch and listen: 1. Write the name of the composer you chose. 2. Is the beginning slow (Adagio) or fast (Allegro)? 3. The musicians are seated in a certain order. How do their instruments relate to that order? Information was found on this website: https://www.liveabout.com/string-quartet-101-723913 4. How do the musicians respond to each other while playing? Prompt #3: Under Modern String Quartet Music, find the Love Story quartet by Taylor Swift. Listen to it as you answer using complete sentences. 1. Which instrument is plucking at the beginning of the piece? (If you forgot, violins are the smallest instrument, violas are a little bigger, cellos are bigger and lean on the floor). 2. Reflect on how this version of Love Story is different from Taylor Swift’s original song. How would you describe the differences? What does this version communicate? Information was found on this website: https://www.liveabout.com/string-quartet-101-723913 String Quartet 101 All You Need to Know About the String Quartet The Jerusalem Quartet, a string quartet made of members (from left) Alexander Pavlovsky, Sergei Bresler, Kyril Zlontnikov and Ori Kam, perform Brahms’s String Quartet in A minor at the 92nd Street Y on Saturday night, October 25, 2014. Photo by Hiroyuki Ito/Getty Images By Aaron Green Updated March 17, 2017 Although any combination of four stringed instruments can be called a string quartet, the term usually denotes a musical ensemble that consists of two violins, one viola, and one cello. Information was found on this website: https://www.liveabout.com/string-quartet-101-723913 String Quartet Variations Add a piano and call it a Piano Quintet Listen to Dvorak’s Piano Quintet in A Major on YouTube https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MG2BbRV5438 (optional) Add an extra violin, viola, cello, or bass and call it a String Quintet Listen to Schubert’s String Quintet in C Major on YouTube https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T0GOv95iDf0 (optional) Take away one violin and call it a String Trio Listen to Beethoven’s String Trio in C minor, Op. 9., No. 3 on YouTube https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FtK6bZh1C_U (optional) History of the String Quartet Franz Joseph Haydn is known as the father of the string quartet. Before him, string quartets were little more than coincidence; because the genre didn’t really exist, music wasn’t written for it. Haydn began composing for string quartets largely because of the circumstances he encountered when he was invited to Baron Carl von Joseph Edler von Fürnberg’s castle. When asked to perform chamber music, the only people he could gather to perform were two violins, a viola, and a cello. From Haydn’s first quartet to his last, a glorious progression of the composer’s development of the form is remarkably apparent. The model of composition of his Opus 9 quartets became the standard string quartet form. Listen to Hadyn’s String Quartet in C Major, Op. 9, No. 1 on YouTube. Generally, the music composed for a string quartet reflects the four movement form of an orchestra: a fast first movement followed by a slow second movement, a dance-like third movement, and a fast forth movement. Due to extreme limitation to only four instrumental parts, the musical form flourished in the classical period - a time where musical conservatism and the perfection of form abounded. It’s said that a composer’s true musical ability can be judged by how well he or she can write music for a string quartet. After Haydn, there were a handful of classical and romantic period composers that excelled in writing string quartet music. Notable String Quartet Composers Though there are many notable string quartet composers, the composers listed below are considered by most musicologists to be the most influential. 1. Felix Mendelssohn Listen to Mendelssohn’s String Quartet in A minor, Op. 13, No. 2 on YouTube https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oncGEuT3zNo 2. Franz Joseph Haydn Listen to Haydn’s String Quartet, Op. 76, No. 3 “Emperor” on YouTube https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aHJolteDIzc 3. Franz Schubert Listen to Schubert’s String Quartet in D Minor, No. 14 “Death and the Maiden” on YouTube https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=otdayisyIiM Information was found on this website: https://www.liveabout.com/string-quartet-101-723913 4. Ludwig van Beethoven Listen to Beethoven’s String Quartet in E Flat Major, Op. 127, No. 12 on YouTube https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JVVdMzv02s8 5. Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart Listen to Mozart’s String Quartet in D minor, No. 15, K. 421 on YouTube https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ydlRd_nzX5Y Modern String Quartet Music Today, string quartet music isn’t limited to the pages of Haydn’s great works. Many performers and ensembles are finding ways to attract audiences by covering songs by popular artists. As much as I love a Haydn quartet, to someone with an untrained ear, a cover of Taylor Swift's “Love Story” (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZmB6cC6uWBU) is more likely going to capture their attention and spark their interest. I know it’s not a string quartet, but look how much fun these young musicians in the Berklee Pop String Ensemble are having performing Pharrell Williams hit song “Happy” (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lmPVOFWMFNc). If any of these covers attracts a student to learn and develop a talent for performing on a stringed instrument, that student may well become the next great composer to write for and revolutionize the string quartet. Adam Neiman, a pianist and composer I recently discovered, wrote his first string quartet in 2011, and premiered it on July 16, 2012, at the Seattle Chamber Music Festival. With five movements, it’s quite different than the classical period quartets. I find it to be an exciting piece of music and I hope it’s the first of many string quartets. Listen to a performance of Neiman’s String Quartet on YouTube https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oySN7B2OdOk Popular Uses of the String Quartet Apart from concert halls and small theaters, string quartets are extremely popular at weddings (view my recommended classical music wedding albums) and other special events. Why? Their small instrumentation is quiet enough for conversation, they are able to play indoors and outdoors, and their music is sophisticated and elegant enough for any formal event. String quartets for hire can easily be found by searching the yellow pages, Internet, or bulletin boards at music stores, churches, and public/private event halls. Information was found on this website: https://www.liveabout.com/string-quartet-101-723913 Finding metaphors in hit songs and poems By ThoughtCo.com, adapted by Newsela staff on 10.17.17 Word Count 1,486 Level 870L Rihanna pictured singing in 2012. There is more poetry in pop music than many people expect. Photo by: Jørund F. Pedersen/Wikimedia. A metaphor is a figure of speech. It makes a comparison between two things that seem unrelated at first. For example, you might hear the metaphor "he is such a pig." This is often used to talk about someone who eats too much. A similar figure of speech is a simile. However, similes use words such as "like" and "as." For example, the phrase "she eats like a bird" is a simile. Take a look at the lyrics from Michael Jackson's song "Human Nature," which includes the following line: If this town is just an apple Then let me take a bite In these lyrics, Jackson refers to New York City as an apple he can eat. This is because another name for New York is the Big Apple. In fact, the term "Big Apple" had other meanings throughout history. In the 1800s, the term "big apple" meant that something was seen as very desirable and important. This article is available at 5 reading levels at https://newsela.com. Sometimes metaphors can be in a song's title, like in the case of "Your Love is a Song" by Switchfoot. The metaphor of love as music also shows up in the lyrics: Ooh, your love is a symphony All around me, running through me Ooh, your love is a melody Underneath me, running to me Writers throughout history have compared love to music or other beautiful objects. For example, in the 1700s, Scottish poet Robert Burns compared his love to both a rose and a song: O my Luve's like a red, red rose, That's newly sprung in June: O my Luve's like the melodie, That's sweetly play'd in tune. Metaphors and similes are very common in everyday speech, writing and music. Songs are a great way to learn about these figures of speech. Pop music is filled with metaphors, as you can see in the following list. "Can't Stop The Feeling" - Justin Timberlake The song "Can't Stop the Feeling" by Justin Timberlake recently topped the music charts.