String Quartets

Name: ______

Music 6______

6th Grade Music: String Quartets

Instructions: Read the information below (this came from the website https://www.liveabout.com/string-quartet-101-723913).

Prompt #1: Answer these questions using complete sentences.

1. Use your own words to describe what a string quartet is.

2. String quartets are usually made up of four movements (sections). Which of the four movements are usually fast? Circle all that apply

a. First movement

b. Second movement

c. Third movement

d. Fourth movement.

Prompt #2: Under “Notable String Quartet Composers” below, choose one YouTube video to listen to. You do not need to listen to the entire video. Answer the following questions as you watch and listen:

1. Write the name of the composer you chose.

2. Is the beginning slow (Adagio) or fast (Allegro)?

3. The musicians are seated in a certain order. How do their instruments relate to that order?

Information was found on this website: https://www.liveabout.com/string-quartet-101-723913

4. How do the musicians respond to each other while playing?

Prompt #3: Under Modern String Quartet Music, find the Love Story quartet by Taylor Swift. Listen to it as you answer using complete sentences.

1. Which instrument is plucking at the beginning of the piece? (If you forgot, violins are the smallest instrument, violas are a little bigger, cellos are bigger and lean on the floor).

2. Reflect on how this version of Love Story is different from Taylor Swift’s original song. How would you describe the differences? What does this version communicate?

Information was found on this website: https://www.liveabout.com/string-quartet-101-723913 String Quartet 101

All You Need to Know About the String Quartet

The Jerusalem Quartet, a string quartet made of members (from left) Alexander Pavlovsky, Sergei Bresler, Kyril Zlontnikov and Ori Kam, perform Brahms’s String Quartet in A minor at the 92nd Street Y on Saturday night, October 25, 2014. Photo by Hiroyuki Ito/Getty Images

By Aaron Green Updated March 17, 2017

Although any combination of four stringed instruments can be called a string quartet, the term usually denotes a musical ensemble that consists of two violins, one viola, and one cello.

Information was found on this website: https://www.liveabout.com/string-quartet-101-723913 String Quartet Variations

Add a piano and call it a Piano Quintet Listen to Dvorak’s Piano Quintet in A Major on YouTube https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MG2BbRV5438 (optional)

Add an extra violin, viola, cello, or bass and call it a String Quintet Listen to Schubert’s String Quintet in C Major on YouTube https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T0GOv95iDf0 (optional)

Take away one violin and call it a String Trio Listen to Beethoven’s String Trio in C minor, Op. 9., No. 3 on YouTube https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FtK6bZh1C_U (optional)

History of the String Quartet

Franz Joseph Haydn is known as the father of the string quartet. Before him, string quartets were little more than coincidence; because the genre didn’t really exist, music wasn’t written for it. Haydn began composing for string quartets largely because of the circumstances he encountered when he was invited to Baron Carl von Joseph Edler von Fürnberg’s castle. When asked to perform chamber music, the only people he could gather to perform were two violins, a viola, and a cello. From Haydn’s first quartet to his last, a glorious progression of the composer’s development of the form is remarkably apparent. The model of composition of his Opus 9 quartets became the standard string quartet form. Listen to Hadyn’s String Quartet in C Major, Op. 9, No. 1 on YouTube.

Generally, the music composed for a string quartet reflects the four movement form of an orchestra: a fast first movement followed by a slow second movement, a dance-like third movement, and a fast forth movement. Due to extreme limitation to only four instrumental parts, the musical form flourished in the classical period - a time where musical conservatism and the perfection of form abounded. It’s said that a composer’s true musical ability can be judged by how well he or she can write music for a string quartet. After Haydn, there were a handful of classical and romantic period composers that excelled in writing string quartet music. Notable String Quartet Composers

Though there are many notable string quartet composers, the composers listed below are considered by most musicologists to be the most influential.

1. Felix Mendelssohn Listen to Mendelssohn’s String Quartet in A minor, Op. 13, No. 2 on YouTube https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oncGEuT3zNo 2. Franz Joseph Haydn Listen to Haydn’s String Quartet, Op. 76, No. 3 “Emperor” on YouTube https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aHJolteDIzc 3. Franz Schubert Listen to Schubert’s String Quartet in D Minor, No. 14 “Death and the Maiden” on YouTube https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=otdayisyIiM

Information was found on this website: https://www.liveabout.com/string-quartet-101-723913 4. Ludwig van Beethoven Listen to Beethoven’s String Quartet in E Flat Major, Op. 127, No. 12 on YouTube https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JVVdMzv02s8 5. Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart Listen to Mozart’s String Quartet in D minor, No. 15, K. 421 on YouTube https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ydlRd_nzX5Y

Modern String Quartet Music

Today, string quartet music isn’t limited to the pages of Haydn’s great works. Many performers and ensembles are finding ways to attract audiences by covering songs by popular artists. As much as I love a Haydn quartet, to someone with an untrained ear, a cover of Taylor Swift's “Love Story” (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZmB6cC6uWBU) is more likely going to capture their attention and spark their interest. I know it’s not a string quartet, but look how much fun these young musicians in the Berklee Pop String Ensemble are having performing Pharrell Williams hit song “Happy” (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lmPVOFWMFNc). If any of these covers attracts a student to learn and develop a talent for performing on a stringed instrument, that student may well become the next great composer to write for and revolutionize the string quartet.

Adam Neiman, a pianist and composer I recently discovered, wrote his first string quartet in 2011, and premiered it on July 16, 2012, at the Seattle Chamber Music Festival. With five movements, it’s quite different than the classical period quartets. I find it to be an exciting piece of music and I hope it’s the first of many string quartets. Listen to a performance of Neiman’s String Quartet on YouTube https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oySN7B2OdOk Popular Uses of the String Quartet

Apart from concert halls and small theaters, string quartets are extremely popular at weddings (view my recommended classical music wedding albums) and other special events. Why? Their small instrumentation is quiet enough for conversation, they are able to play indoors and outdoors, and their music is sophisticated and elegant enough for any formal event. String quartets for hire can easily be found by searching the yellow pages, Internet, or bulletin boards at music stores, churches, and public/private event halls.

Information was found on this website: https://www.liveabout.com/string-quartet-101-723913 Finding metaphors in hit songs and poems By ThoughtCo.com, adapted by Newsela staff on 10.17.17 Word Count 1,486 Level 870L

Rihanna pictured singing in 2012. There is more poetry in pop music than many people expect. Photo by: Jørund F. Pedersen/Wikimedia.

A metaphor is a figure of speech. It makes a comparison between two things that seem unrelated at first. For example, you might hear the metaphor "he is such a pig." This is often used to talk about someone who eats too much. A similar figure of speech is a simile. However, similes use words such as "like" and "as." For example, the phrase "she eats like a bird" is a simile.

Take a look at the lyrics from Michael Jackson's song "Human Nature," which includes the following line:

If this town is just an apple

Then let me take a bite

In these lyrics, Jackson refers to New York City as an apple he can eat. This is because another name for New York is the Big Apple. In fact, the term "Big Apple" had other meanings throughout history. In the 1800s, the term "big apple" meant that something was seen as very desirable and important.

This article is available at 5 reading levels at https://newsela.com. Sometimes metaphors can be in a song's title, like in the case of "Your Love is a Song" by Switchfoot. The metaphor of love as music also shows up in the lyrics:

Ooh, your love is a symphony

All around me, running through me

Ooh, your love is a melody

Underneath me, running to me

Writers throughout history have compared love to music or other beautiful objects. For example, in the 1700s, Scottish poet Robert Burns compared his love to both a rose and a song:

O my Luve's like a red, red rose,

That's newly sprung in June:

O my Luve's like the melodie,

That's sweetly play'd in tune.

Metaphors and similes are very common in everyday speech, writing and music. Songs are a great way to learn about these figures of speech. Pop music is filled with metaphors, as you can see in the following list.

"Can't Stop The Feeling" - Justin Timberlake

The song "Can't Stop the Feeling" by Justin Timberlake recently topped the music charts. In it he sings:

I got that sunshine in my pocket

Got that good soul in my feet

The sunshine in the pocket refers to the happiness he feels when he sees his lover dance. There is also the play on words with the word "soul," as in dancing to soul music. The word also sounds like "sole," the bottom of a foot.

The sun is a common metaphor in art and writing. The American poet E.E. Cummings used the sun to describe his feelings of love in the quote: "Yours is the light by which my spirit's born: you are my sun, my moon, and all my stars."

"One Thing" - One Direction

In the song, "One Thing," by One Direction, the lyrics include the following lines:

This article is available at 5 reading levels at https://newsela.com. Shot me out of the sky

You're my kryptonite

You keep making me weak

Yeah, frozen and can't breathe

The image of Superman has long been part of pop culture, from the 1930s comic books to many popular TV shows and films today. Kryptonite was Superman's weakness, and is commonly used as a metaphor for someone's Achilles' heel. The Achilles' heel is also a metaphor for having a weak spot.

"My Heart's A Stereo" - Maroon 5

The title of Maroon 5's song, "My Heart's a Stereo," is a metaphor itself. This phrase is repeated many times to prove its point.

My heart's a stereo

It beats for you so listen close

The image of the beating heart is popular in literature, but it hasn't always meant romance. Edgar Allan Poe's story "The Tell-Tale Heart" talks about a man who is a murderer. When the police come to see him, the man is driven crazy by the increasingly loud thumping of his victim's beating heart. The constant beating gets louder and louder until he can't take it anymore. In the end, he confesses to his crime.

"Naturally" - Selena Gomez

Selena Gomez's song, "Naturally," includes the following lyrics:

You are the thunder and I am the lightning

And I love the way you

Know who you are and to me it's exciting

When you know it's meant to be

This may be a pop song, but it harkens back to ancient Norse and Viking mythology. The name of a Norse god, Thor, literally means "thunder." Thor's main weapon was his hammer. It was called "mjöllnir" in the Old Norse language. That translates as "lightning." The metaphor presents a pretty intense image for what, at first glance, seems like a light pop song.

"This Is What You Came For" - Rihanna; Lyrics By Calvin Harris

This article is available at 5 reading levels at https://newsela.com. Lightning is another common metaphor, and is seen in "This is What You Came For." Here, a woman is described as having power that is like the force of lightning and being able to get everyone's attention:

Baby, this is what you came for

Lightning strikes every time she moves

And everybody's watching her

Lightning is often a symbol of power. This is also seen in the poem by Emma Lazarus titled "The New Colossus":

Not like the brazen giant of Greek fame,

With conquering limbs astride from land to land;

Here at our sea-washed, sunset gates shall stand

A mighty woman with a torch, whose flame

Is the imprisoned lightning, and her name

Mother of Exiles.

The woman with a torch of "imprisoned lightning" is a reference to the Statue of Liberty. The torch shows her power as an ally to those who come to the shores of America.

"Sit Still, Look Pretty" - Daya

Daya sings about not being a "puppet" in "Sit Still, Look Pretty." She is suggesting she does not want someone to control her, or "pull her strings."

She also uses a metaphor when she calls herself a "queen" who does not want to be ruled by a "king":

I know the other girlies wanna wear expensive things

Like diamond rings

But I don't wanna be the puppet that you're playing on a string

This queen don't need a king

The use of puppets as a metaphor is also commonly used when talking about politics. A "puppet government" is one that looks like it has authority, but is actually controlled by another

This article is available at 5 reading levels at https://newsela.com. power. This meaning of "puppet" is similar to the meaning of the lyrics of this song.

"H.O.L.Y." - Florida Georgia Line

The song "H.O.L.Y." by Florida Georgia Line uses religious images such as angels. However, this does not mean it is a religious song. Instead, the lyrics express a belief in a lover that is like a belief in religion.

You're an angel, tell me you're never leaving

'Cause you're the first thing I know I can believe in and

You made the brightest days from the darkest nights

You're the river bank where I was baptized

Cleanse all the demons

That were killing my freedom

In many literary texts, babies and young people are "angelic." They have not been in the world long enough to do anything evil. In John Milton's "Paradise Lost," however, it is the brilliant Angel of Light, Lucifer, who challenges God. Lucifer then falls to become Satan, the Prince of Darkness.

"Adventure Of A Lifetime" - Coldplay

Coldplay's "Adventure of a Lifetime" uses a metaphor and a hyperbole in these next lyrics. A hyperbole is an exaggeration.

Turn your magic on, to me she'd say

Everything you want's a dream away

Under this pressure, under this weight

We are diamonds

Here, the lyrics compare a relationship under pressure to forming diamonds. It takes an enormous amount of underground pressure for a diamond to form naturally. Coldplay are saying that the pressure of the relationship will lead to something precious, like diamonds.

"One" - U2

In U2's song, "One," the band sings about love and forgiveness. The song includes the following lines:

Love is a temple

This article is available at 5 reading levels at https://newsela.com. Love a higher law

There's an interesting history that connects the ideas of love and law. In the Middle Ages, the term "love" was considered equal to the term "law."

This article is available at 5 reading levels at https://newsela.com. Quiz

1 Which of the following answer choices describes two MAIN ideas in the article?

(A) Metaphors are used to show similarities between two things; they are the most commonly used figure of speech in music.

(B) Writers use metaphors to compare things that are not directly related; these figures of speech are often found in pop music.

(D) Metaphors have been used in poetry throughout history; they are often used to compare love and music.

2 Which statement would be MOST important to include in a summary of the article?

(A) If you pay attention to pop music, you can hear how metaphors make language come alive.

(B) Since everyone listens to pop music, it is the easiest way to find metaphors.

(D) After you learn what a metaphor is, you hear them everywhere in pop music.

3 Read the lines from the section "One Thing - One Direction."

You keep making me weak Yeah, frozen and can't breathe

HOW does using the phrase "frozen and can't breathe" affect the TONE of the sentence above?

(A) It conveys a sense of numbness.

(B) It conveys a sense of awareness.

(D) It conveys a sense of frailty.

4 Read the selection from the section "Naturally - Selena Gomez."

This may be a pop song, but it harkens back to ancient Norse and Viking mythology. The name of a Norse god, Thor, literally means "thunder."

WHY did the author use the phrase "harkens back"?

(A) The term, which relates to being a reminder, has roots in ancient English and fits the topic of Viking mythology.

(B) The term, which means to find the beginning, gives the reader a sense of Norse and Viking language used long ago.

(D) The term, which refers to an ancient exclamation, helps explain the metaphor that appears in the song.

This article is available at 5 reading levels at https://newsela.com. Hi Everybody,

For this week, I would like you to first watch the following video on Youtube: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ycsONJVXcac&list=PLauVFvwJVM7w0K85EAfaa4S6qYi rRe37X&index=60

In this video, there are twenty patterns. These patterns are called Zentangles. Follow these steps to do this assignment:

1. Take a blank paper and make eight 3” X 3” (3 inches X 3 inches) squares. Use a ruler. 2. If you can’t make all of them on one paper, then make four on each paper. (Don’t make each of them on a separate sheet as it will be difficult for you to send them to me). 3. Choose the patterns in the video and fill your eight boxes with these patterns. 4. You can make your own patterns, but the quality should be the same as in the video. 5. Fill in some areas of the patterns (make them black) to make contrast as this creates good eye-catching Zentangles. Watch the video carefully. 6. Use pencil to make the patterns first and then go over the lines with a black sharpie. If you don’t have a black sharpie then use a dark colored pencil (preferably black or brown)

Go back to the video as many times as you need.

Omer

Name: ______Block: ______Date: ______

Student Designed Games Presentation

Directions: Design your own game and create a powerpoint presentation explaining your game. Your game can include skills and rules from existing games, sports, activities, but must be an original idea.

Your powerpoint must contain a title slide, table of contents, equipment needed to play, the playing field or court, how to win the game, what skills are needed to play the game, the rules of the game, the players involved in the game, and what health-related and skill-related fitness components help you to be more successful when playing the game and why they help you. If you need to add extra slides to fit all the information in the presentation, you may.

Your student designed games presentation is due by May 22 (05/22/20). Your presentation does not have to be presented to the class or teacher, please submit on google classroom.

Slide Title Slide Requirements Total Points

Slide 1 Title Slide 1. Name of game ______/ 5 points 2. Student name 3. Date submitted

Slide 2 Table of 1. List of slide titles in presentation order. ______/ 5 points Contents

Slide 3 Equipment 1. What equipment do you need to play the game? This includes, goals, ______/ 5 points balls, nets, sticks, baskets, etc.. 2. What do the players wear? 3. What do the players wear to stay safe?

Slide 4 Playing 1. Description of the playing field/court ______/ 5 points field/court 2. Diagram of the playing field/court 3. Boundary lines

Slide 5 How to win 1. Explain how a team wins the game ______/ 5 points a. How many points does a team get when they score? b. How can a team score? Are there different ways that result in different points?

Slide 6 Skills need ● Possible skills: Catching and throwing, striking, kicking and trapping, ______/ 10 to play volleying, etc. points

Slide 7 Rules 1. How does the game begin? ______/ 10 2. How does the game end? points 3. How many points does a team get after the score? Can a team score different amounts of points for different ways to score? 4. Are there time limits on possession of the ball? Are there fouls? Or penalties? What happens after a foul or penalty?

Slide 8 Players 1. How many players do you need on each team to play? ______/ 10 2. What are the responsibilities of each player? Are there positions? points 3. Are there substitutes? When can substitutes enter the game?

Slide 9 Health- 1. Which HRF & SRF components are needed to be successful when ______/ 10 Related & playing points Skill-Related a. Possible components: speed, agility, strength, muscular and cardio Fitness endurance, coordination, reaction time, et.

PE / Health Lab

Instructions:

Complete the box below with a complete sentence.

Complete the box with a picture that represents that word.

One sentence and one picture 1) TEAMWORK

2) FIRST AID

3) COMPONENTS

OF FITNESS

Respiratory System Questions

Directions: Highlight the best answer for each question.

1. Another name for the windpipe is: a) Bronchi b) Bronco c) Trachea d) Trickya

2. We inhale this gas into our lungs to help keep our body's cells alive: a) Carbon dioxide b) Carbon monoxide c) Nitrogen d) Oxygen

3. We exhale this gas out of our lungs as waste: a) Carbon dioxide b) Carbon monoxide c) Nitrogen d) Oxygen

4. Another name for the voicebox is: a) Larry b) Larynx c) Lynx d) Pharynx

5. The muscle below the lungs that helps us inhale and exhale is the: a) Diadelmuerte b) Diaphoresis c) Diaphragm d) Diatom

After reading the article, write a short summary below explaining how the respiratory system works. Your summary must be at least 3 complete sentences.

Lungs and Respiratory System

What Are the Lungs and Respiratory System?

The lungs and respiratory system allow us to breathe. They bring oxygen into our bodies (called inspiration, or inhalation) and send carbon dioxide out (called expiration, or exhalation).

This exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide is called respiration.

What Are the Parts of the Respiratory System?

The respiratory system includes the nose, mouth, throat, voice box, windpipe, and lungs.

Air enters the respiratory system through the nose or the mouth. If it goes in the nostrils (also called nares), the air is warmed and humidified. Tiny hairs called cilia (pronounced: SIL-ee-uh) protect the nasal passageways and other parts of the respiratory tract, filtering out dust and other particles that enter the nose through the breathed air.

The two openings of the airway (the nasal cavity and the mouth) meet at the pharynx (pronounced: FAR-inks), or throat, at the back of the nose and mouth. The pharynx is part of the digestive system as well as the respiratory system because it carries both food and air.

At the bottom of the pharynx, this pathway divides in two, one for food — the esophagus (pronounced: ih-SAH-fuh-gus), which leads to the stomach — and the other for air. The epiglottis (pronounced: eh-pih-GLAH-tus), a small flap of tissue, covers the air-only passage when we swallow, keeping food and liquid from going into the lungs.

The larynx, or voice box, is the top part of the air-only pipe. This short tube contains a pair of vocal cords, which vibrate to make sounds.

The trachea, or windpipe, is the continuation of the airway below the larynx. The walls of the trachea (pronounced: TRAY-kee-uh) are strengthened by stiff rings of cartilage to keep it open. The trachea is also lined with cilia, which sweep fluids and foreign particles out of the airway so that they stay out of the lungs.

At its bottom end, the trachea divides into left and right air tubes called bronchi (pronounced: BRAHN-kye), which connect to the lungs. Within the lungs, the bronchi branch into smaller bronchi and even smaller tubes called bronchioles (pronounced: BRAHN-kee-olz). Bronchioles end in tiny air sacs called alveoli, where the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide actually takes place. Each person has hundreds of millions of alveoli in their lungs. This network of alveoli, bronchioles, and bronchi is known as the bronchial tree.

The lungs also contain elastic tissues that allow them to inflate and deflate without losing shape. They're covered by a thin lining called the pleura (pronounced: PLUR-uh).

The chest cavity, or thorax (pronounced: THOR-aks), is the airtight box that houses the bronchial tree, lungs, heart, and other structures. The top and sides of the thorax are formed by the ribs and attached muscles, and the bottom is formed by a large muscle called the diaphragm (pronounced: DYE-uh-fram). The chest walls form a protective cage around the lungs and other contents of the chest cavity. How Do the Lungs and Respiratory System Work?

The cells in our bodies need oxygen to stay alive. Carbon dioxide is made in our bodies as cells do their jobs.

The lungs and respiratory system allow oxygen in the air to be taken into the body, while also letting the body get rid of carbon dioxide in the air breathed out.

When you breathe in, the diaphragm moves downward toward the abdomen, and the rib muscles pull the ribs upward and outward. This makes the chest cavity bigger and pulls air through the nose or mouth into the lungs.

In exhalation, the diaphragm moves upward and the chest wall muscles relax, causing the chest cavity to get smaller and push air out of respiratory system through the nose or mouth.

Every few seconds, with each inhalation, air fills a large portion of the millions of alveoli. In a process called diffusion, oxygen moves from the alveoli to the blood through the capillaries (tiny blood vessels) lining the alveolar walls. Once in the bloodstream, oxygen gets picked up by the hemoglobin in red blood cells. This oxygen-rich blood then flows back to the heart, which pumps it through the arteries to oxygen-hungry tissues throughout the body.

In the tiny capillaries of the body tissues, oxygen is freed from the hemoglobin and moves into the cells. Carbon dioxide, made by the cells as they do their work, moves out of the cells into the capillaries, where most of it dissolves in the plasma of the blood. Blood rich in carbon dioxide then returns to the heart via the veins. From the heart, this blood is pumped to the lungs, where carbon dioxide passes into the alveoli to be exhaled.

Name Date

Part 1 LONG Pirates Rusty, Scallywag, Captain Bernice and Lolly are following an old treasure map. At the end, they ﬁnd a chest of full of 3,588 doubloons. They want to divide the DIVISION doubloons evenly between them. Rusty suggests dividing the doubloons into four piles one at a time, but Lolly thinks there must be a faster way. In the lines below, help Lolly explain how to divide 3,588 by 4 to her companions who have never done long division.

How many doubloons does each pirate get? Show your work in the space below. Don’t forget to label your answer with the correct units.

4 3588

page �• 1 Name Date

Part 2 Solve each of the equations below. Make sure to show all your work. Label the remainder if there is one.

1 5 619 2 9 939 3 2 348

4 8 176 5 7 1589 6 5 3888

7 9 7624 8 5 4838 9 4 1758

page �• 2