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The Population Problem Inherited Evolutio 2000 Earthlearningidea - http://www.earthlearningidea.com/ top edge of Sorting out the evolution of evolution headlines page Lay out your own timeline of how the theory of evolution developed Cut off the left hand edge of these four Earthlearningidea sheets and stick them together to form a timeline. Then stick it down on a bench or table. The ‘Evolution of evolution’ timeline Cut out the milestone boxes in the evolution of evolutionary theory below into strips. Leave the dates attached for less able pupils, but remove them for the more able. Then invite the pupils to sort out the headlines 1975 and place them in the correct places on the timeline – to show how evolutionary theory Photo: Chris King evolved. Species static This image is in the public The early part of the bible is interpreted to show that domain because species are static and there is no evolution. The date of its copyright has expired. 1650 creation of all species is calculated by Archbishop Ussher as 4004BC. Archbishop Ussher Evolution – but how? This image is in the public Early evolutionary ideas are presented by natural domain because 1740 philosophers, Pierre Maupertuis and Erasmus Darwin. its copyright has - expired. 1796 1950 Pierre Maupertuis The population problem This image is in the public Thomas Malthus publishes his idea that populations domain because increase geometrically (2,4,16) whilst food production its copyright has 1798 only increases arithmetically (2,3,4) so there must be expired. population crashes. Thomas Malthus Inherited evolution Permission is granted to copy, Jean-Baptiste Lamarck develops his evolutionary theory distribute and/or – that evolution occurs because offspring change in modify this document under 1800 response to the environment, and these changes are the terms of the inherited from their parents (later shown to be 1925 GNU Free incorrect). Documentation License, Version Jean-Baptiste Lamarck 1.2 An abyss of time This image is in the public Charles Lyell publishes the first edition of his ‘Principles domain because of geology’ publicising James Hutton’s ideas that its copyright has 1830 geological time is vast. expired. Diagram from Lyell’s ‘Principles of Geology’ 1 1900 Earthlearningidea - http://www.earthlearningidea.com/ top 1837 An evolutionary mechanism This image is in edge the public of – I think domain because page Charles Darwin first sketches his ideas of evolution by its copyright has expired. natural selection. Darwin’s first sketch of evolution Evolution by changing varieties This image (or other media file) Alfred Russell Wallace’s theory of evolution is is in the public presented as a paper, ‘On the Tendency of Varieties to domain because st its copyright has 1858 Depart Indefinitely From the Original Type’ on 1 July at expired. the Linnean Society in London. 1875 Alfred Russell Wallace Evolution by natural selection This work is in Charles Darwin’s theory of evolution by natural the public domain in those selection is presented in a paper, ‘On the Tendency of countries with a 1858 Species to form Varieties; and on the Perpetuation of copyright term of Varieties and Species by Natural Means of Selection’ life of the author st plus 100 years or on 1 July at the Linnean Society in London. fewer. Charles Darwin The origin of species This image is in the public Charles Darwin publishes his theory of evolution by domain because natural selection, with much background evidence, in its copyright has 1859 expired. his book, ‘On the origin of species’. A first edition of ‘On the origin of species’ 1850 The Laws of Inheritance I, Madprime, the copyright holder Gregor Mendel publishes his work on genetics, based on the cultivation of pea plants, from which he of this work, hereby publish it 1865 developed his ‘Laws of inheritance’. under the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 Diagram of Mendel’s inheritance work on pea flowers From genes to mutation This image (or other media file) Hugo de Vries rediscovers Mendel’s laws and first uses is in the public the terms ‘genes’ and ‘mutation’. domain because its copyright has 1900 expired. The ‘Evolution of evolution’ timeline evolution’ of ‘Evolution The 1825 Hugo de Vries Guilty of evolution This file is in the public domain, In the ‘Scopes Monkey Trial’, in Tennessee, USA, John because there Scopes, a school teacher, is found guilty of teaching are no known 1925 evolution, but the verdict is overturned. copyright restrictions on this image according to the Smithsonian John Scopes Institute 2 1800 Earthlearningidea - http://www.earthlearningidea.com/ top edge 1944 This work is in the DNA discovered public domain of Oswald Avery discovers that genes and chromosomes because it is a page are made of DNA. work of the United States Federal Government under the terms of Title 17, Chapter 1, Section 105 of the US Code. Oswald Avery A helix! I, Jerome Walker, Dennis James Watson and Francis Crick discover that the Myts, the molecular structure of DNA is a helix. copyright holder of this work, 1953 release this work into the public 1775 domain. This applies worldwide. Diagram of the molecular structure of DNA Evolution by punctuated equilibrium I, Miguel Chavez, the copyright Niles Eldredge and Stephen Jay Gould publish their holder of this work on punctuated equilibrium, suggesting that work, release this 1972 work into the evolution happens in bursts, with only slow evolution in public domain. between. This is different from previous ideas of steady This applies gradual evolution. worldwide Diagram showing punctuated equilibrium Human genome drafted This file is licensed under Craig Venter announces that a draft of the human the Creative genome has been mapped for the first time – but more Commons Attribution-Share 2000 detailed mapping must continue. Alike 3.0 Unported license The first printout of the human genome, presented as a series of books. The by Russ London. 1750 3.4 billion units of DNA code are presented in more than a hundred volumes, each a thousand pages long, in type so small as to be barely legible. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… The back up Species static Title: Sorting out the evolution of evolution 1650 Archbishop Ussher headlines Evolution – but how? 1740 -1796 Pierre Maupertuis and Erasmus Darwin. Subtitle: Lay out your own timeline of how the The population problem 1798 theory of evolution developed Thomas Malthus Inherited evolution 1800 Jean-Baptiste Lamarck Topic: A timeline/card sort exercise, asking pupils An abyss of time 1830 to put cards of ‘milestones’ in the evolution of Charles Lyell An evolutionary mechanism – I think evolutionary thought into the most appropriate 1837 places on a timeline. Charles Darwin – sketch of evolution Evolution by changing varieties 1858 Alfred Russell Wallace Age range of pupils: 14 years+ Evolution by natural selection 1858 1725 Charles Darwin – paper The origin of species Time needed to complete activity: 15 mins 1859 Charles Darwin - ‘On the origin of species’. The Laws of Inheritance Pupil learning outcomes: Pupils can: 1865 Gregor Mendel • describe how evolutionary thought developed From genes to mutation 1900 over time; Hugo de Vries Guilty of evolution • explain how the idea of evolution was 1925 The ‘Scopes Monkey Trial’ developed through the work of many scientists. DNA discovered 1944 Oswald Avery Context: A helix! 1953 The correct order of cards is opposite. James Watson and Francis Crick Evolution by punctuated eQuilibrium 1972 Niles Eldredge and Stephen Jay Gould Human genome drafted 2000 Craig Venter 3 1700 Earthlearningidea - http://www.earthlearningidea.com/ top edge of Following up the activity: Resource list: page Pupils could be asked to carry out further • the timeline, cut from the edge of these sheets research into these important scientists. and stuck together • the cards above, cut out Underlying principles: scissors to cut out the items above • • Evolutionary theory was not a sudden • tape to stick the timeline together development, but evolved as scientific thinking • Blu Tac™ to stick the timeline down evolved. Source: Devised by Chris King of the Thinking skill development: Earthlearningidea Team. Through this activity, pupils are asked to construct a likely pattern of the development of the theory, by sorting the cards into the correct order. Cards that don’t seem to fit the pattern cause cognitive conflict. When sorted, their thinking can be 1675 challenged, resulting in metacognition. ♥ Earthlearningidea team. The Earthlearningidea team seeks to produce a teaching idea regularly, at minimal cost, with minimal resources, for teacher educators and teachers of Earth science through school-level geography or science, with an online discussion around every idea in order to develop a global support network. ‘Earthlearningidea’ has little funding and is produced largely by voluntary effort. Copyright is waived for original material contained in this activity if it is required for use within the laboratory or classroom. Copyright material contained herein from other publishers rests with them. Any organisation wishing to use this material should contact the Earthlearningidea team. Every effort has been made to locate and contact copyright holders of materials included in this activity in order to obtain their permission. Please contact us if, however, you believe your copyright is being infringed: we welcome any information that will help us to update our records. If you have any difficulty with the readability of these documents, please contact the Earthlearningidea team for further help. Contact the Earthlearningidea team at: [email protected] 1650 4 .
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