Quantitative Geology and Geostatistics
VOLUMES
Series Editor:
F. M. GRADSTEIN Atlantic Geoscience Centre. Bedford Institute ofOceanography, Dartmouth, N.s., Canada GEOSTATISTICS TROIA '92
Volume 1 GEOSTATISTICS TROIA'" '92
Volume 1
Edited by
AMILCAR SOARES Celltro de Valarizacao de Recursos Millerais, Illstituto Superior Tecllico, Lisbon, Portugal
Kluwer Academic Publishers Dordrecht / Boston / London Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Geostatistics Troia '92 / edited by Amilcar Soares. p. em. -- (Quantitative geology and geostatistics v. 5) "[Papers from] the Fourth Congress Troia ·92"--Foreword. Includes index. ISBN 0-7923-2157-X (set acid-free). -- ISBN 0-7923-2155-3 (v. 1 acid-free). -- ISBN 0-7923-2156-1 (v. 2 acid-free) 1. Geology--Statistical methods--Congresses. 2. Petroleum- -Geology--Statistical methods--Congresses. I. Soares. Amilcar. II. Series. QE33.2.S82G46 1993 550' .72--dc20 92-46924 ISBN 0-7923-2155-3 (vol. I) ISBN 0-7923-2156-1 (vol. 2) ISBN 0-7923-21 57-X (set)
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All Rights Reserved © 1993 Kluwer Academic Publishers No pan of the material protected by this copyright notice may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or by any information storage and retrieval system, without written permission from the copyright owner. TABLE OF CONTENTS
Foreword Xlll Acknowledgements xv List of Participants XVII
THEORY
"Fonnatling and IntegraTing Soft DaTa: STOchasTic Imaging Via the Markov-Bayes Algorithm", Hua Zhu and Andre Journel. 1
"Comparison of Disjunctive Kriging to Generalized Probability Kriging in Application to The EstimaTion ofSimulaTed and Real Data", James Carr and Nai-Hsien Mao...... 13
"Aggregation in GeosTaTisTical Problems", Noel Cressie. . 25
"Substitution Random Functions", Christian Lantuejoui...... 37
"Towards a Direct Structural Analysis of an IRF-k", Roberto Bruno and Giuseppe Raspa. 49
"Filtering Non-Linear FuncTions", Colin Daly 61
"ProbabiliTY Field SimulaTion", Roland Froidevaux...... 73
"Joint Sequential SimulaTion of MultiGaussian Fields", Jaime Gomez-Hernandez and Andre Journel. 85
"Geostatistical Modelling ofa Single Fracture" , Jean-Paul Chiles and Sylvie Gentier. 95
"Using the Entropy StaTiSTic TO Infer Population Parameters from SpaTially Clustered Sampling", Neil Schofield...... 109
"Biased Kriging on the Sphere?", Burkhard Schaffrin. 121
"MulTivariate GeosTaTisTics: Beyond Bivariate Momenrs", Felipe Guardiano and Mohan Srivastava. 133
V vi
"ParameTric Surface ESTimaTion", E. Yfantis, G.Flatman and F.Miller. 145
"How Large a Sample Is Needed to ESTimate The Regional Variogram AdequaTely?", R. Webster and M.Oliver. . 155
"Depth. Dip and Gradient", D.Renard and P.Ruffo. 167
"Simulation of Random FuncTions on Large Larrices", Henning Omre, Knut S,slna and HAkon Tjelmeland. 179
"CondiTioning a Gaussian Model with Inequalities", Xavier Freulon and Chantal de Fouquet...... 201
"GeosraTistics: Roadblocks and Challenges", Andre Journel. 213
"Random FuncTions and Fracture StaTisTics Models", Dominique Jeulin 225
"SpaTial FilTering Under The Linear CoregionalizaTion Model", Gilles Bourgault and Denis Marcotte. 237
"GraviTy Dara Transformation by Kriging", Denis Marcotte and Michel Chouteau...... 249
"The Spatial VariabiliTy of Prediction Errors", Paul Switzer. 261
"RelaTions Between the IndicaTOrs Related to a Regionalized Variable", Jacques Rivoirard...... 273
PETROLEUM
"Gerring Berrer Qualiry Seismic SecTions", Z.Zhang and A. Galli. .. .. 285
"Comparison of Several Merhods ofLithofacies Simulation on the Fluvial Gypsy SandsTone of Oklahoma", Valerie Langlais and James Doyle. 299
"GeomathemaTical Modelling of a Turbiditic Reservoir in S.E.Hungary", J.Geiger and V.Werowsky.. 311 vii
"Col1srraining Srochasric Images ro Seismic Dara", Louis-Jerome Bortoli, Francois Alabert, Andre Haas and Andre Joumel...... 325 "A New Approach for Pemleabiliry Classes Simularion in Undersampled Oil Reservoirs" ,A. Costa e Silva, H.Garcia Pereira, A.Soares, J.Almeida and A. Guterres. 339
"Inrroducing More Geology in Srochastic Reservoir Modelling", Olivier Dubrule. 351
"An Inregrared Approach ro Reservoir Srudies Using Srochasric Simulation Techniques", Alberto Almeida, Thomas Tran and Paulo Ballin. 371
"Bayesian Kriging for Seismic Depth Conversion ofa Mulri-Layer Reservoir", Petter Abrahamsen. 385
"Indicaror Simularion of Petrophysical Rock Types" , Christopher Murray 399
"Sequenrial Modelling of Relarive lndicaror Variables: Dealing wirh Mulriple Lirhology Types", Roussos Dimitrakopoulos and Michel Dagbert. 413
"Combining Fibre Processes and Gaussian Random Functions for Modelling Fluvial Reservoirs", Frode Georgsen and Henning Omre. 425 "Indicator Principal Componenr Kriging: The Multivariate Case", Vinicio Suro-perez. 441
"Modelling Reservoir Heterogeneiry wirh Fracrals", Thomas Hewett. 455 "On rhe Connecriviry ofTwo Random Ser Models: The Truncated Gaussian and the Boolean", Denis Allard and Heresim Group 467 "Semi-Markov Random Fields", HAkon Tjelmeland and Lars Holden 479
"A Sensiriviry Analysis of Geosrarisrical Paramerers on Oil Recovery Predicrions", Udo Araktingi. 493 viii
"CondiTioning Resen'oir Models TO Well TeST InfonnaTion" , Clayton Deutsch. 505
"Reser....oir Characlerizalion Wilh Seismic Dara using Pattern Recognilion and SpaTial SraTislics", Suresh Thadani. ., 519 "Sequenrial Gaussian Co-SimulaTion: A Simularioll Method Inregraling Several rypes ofInjomwTion", George Verly..... , 543 "Including a Regional Trend in Reservoir Modelling using The TruncaTed Gaussian MeThod", H. Beucher, A. Galli, G. Le Loc'h and C. Ravenne...... 555
OTHER APPLICAnONS
ENvmONMENT
"Analysis ofQuasi-Periodic Time Series!Jy a Geosratistical Method with Application to Climarology" , H.Allison and G.B.Davis. 567
"Kriging Temperature in Scarland Using the External Drift MeThod", Gordon Hudson...... 577 "ClimaTological Idenrijicarion of rhe Non-Srationariries of Inrermitrenr Precipirarion Fields", I.Braud, Ph. Crochet and J.D.Creutin. . 589
"Forecasring Gypsy Morh Defoliarion with Indicator Kriging", Michael Hohn, Linda Gribko and Andrew Liebhold. 601 "CondiTional Simulation: PracTical Application for Sampling Design OpTimization", Evan Englund and Naser Heravi...... 613
"PredicTing Probabiliry Maps ofAir PollUTion ConcentraTion: A Case Study on Barreiro/Seual Industrial Area" I Amilcar Soares, Joao Tavora, Luisa Pinheiro, Cristina Freitas and Jose Almeida...... 625 "Modelling of Map ImpuriTies Using Sequential IndicaTor Simularion", Marc Bierkens and Peter Burrough...... 637 ix
"Paniculate Slack Emissions from Coal Fired Power Stations", LClark and MJ.Daly 649
"Kriging the Rainfall in Lesotho", M.Annstrong, G.Chetboun and P.Huben " 661 "Probability Kriging as a Decision Suppon Tool for Local Soil Pollution Problems", J.P. Okx, H.Leenaers and R.M.Krzanowski. 673
"Non Linear Approach to the Marine Inrrusion Process Modelling", J. Delgado-Garcia and M.Chica-Olmo " 685
HYDROLOGY
"Evaluating the 'Uncenainry of Leakage Rates of Tejo and Sado Groundwater System", Luis Ribeiro. . "." 695
"Geostatistics to AssisT Hydrographic Survey Design", Michel Dagbert, Peter Kielland, Manon L'Esperance and Andrew Cowan...... 709 "Estimation ofSpatial Cross-Covariances by Maximum Likelihood Cross-Covalidation: ApplicaTion to Hydraulic Heads and Transmissiviries in a Sandy Aquifer", J.Samper, J. C. Cuchi and R.Poncela...... 721 "Spatial Structure of Hydraulic Conductivity in Various Porous Media - Problems and Experiences", M.-Th.Schafmeister and A.Pekdeger...... 733
"STUdy ofSpatial and Temporal Variations ofHydrogeochemical Variables Using Factorial Kriging Analysis", P. Goovaens and Ph.Sonnet...... 745 "Channel Tunnel: Geostatistical Prediction facinR the Ordeal of Reality", Raymonde Blanchin and Jean-Paul Chiles...... 757 "Regularization of Hydraulic Conductivities: A Numerical Approach", Jaime Gomez-Hernandez...... 767 "Geostatistical Formulations of Groundwater Coupled Inverse Problems", J. Carrera,A. Medina and X. Sanchez-Vila. 779 x
SOIL SCIENCES
"Multivariate GeOSlatislics for Soil Classification", Guiseppe Raspa, Robeno Bruno, Paola Dosi, Nicola Filippi and Guiseppe Patrizio .. 793 "Geostatistical Interpolation of Curves: A Case Study in Soil Science", M.Goulard and M.Voltz...... 80S
"Quantitative Swdy of an Evolutionary Soil Sequence", Michel Grzebyk. 817
"Classification of High Spectral Resolulion Imagery Using an IndicaTOr Kriging Based Technique", Freek Van Der Meer. 829
"Spalial Imerpolation of Soil Moisture Dala with Universal Cokriging", A.Stein. 841
"Application of Correspondence Analysis and Factorial Kriging Analysis: A Case Study on Geochemical Exploration", R. Jimenez- Espinosa, A.J.Sousa and M.Chica-Olmo. 853
NATURAL RESOURCES
"Assessing Similarities and Differences among Maps: A Study of Temporal' Changes in Distribution of Nonhem Shrimp (PANDALUS BORE4LIS) in the Gulf of Sl.Lawrence", Yvan Simard and Denis Marcotte. 865 "Using GeostQtistics for Forest Inventory with Air Cover: An Example", C.de Fouquet and D. MandaIlaz...... 875
"GeosrQrisrical Estimation of Animal Abundance in the Kruger Nalional Park, South Africa", Francois EshmaM Steffens. .... 887
HUMAN SCIENCES
"Estimating the Risk of Childhood Cancer" , M.Oliver, Ch.Lajaunie, R.Webster, K.Muir, and J.Mann 899 xi
"Some Epidemiologic Applications of Kriging", Daniel Wartenberg. . 911
MINING
"Geological and Structural Control in Kriging", P.Dowd. . 923
"The Developmem of an Imegrated Evaluation System for a Wirwatersrand Gold Mine", F.Camisani-Calzolari. G.Knox, A. Woodend and M.Lorenzini. 937
"Sampling ofOrebodies with a Highly Dispersed Mineralization". Wynand Kleingeld and Christian Lantuejoul...... 953
"Indicator Approach to Characterize Fracture Spatial Distribution in Shear Zones". O. Tavchandjian, A.Rouleau and D.Marcotte 965
"Conditional Simulation: A Mine Planning Tool for a Small Gold Deposit", M. Nowak, R. Srivastava and A.Sinclair...... 977
"Geosrarisrical Tools for rhe Derelmination of Fundamental Sampling Variances and Minimum Sample Masses". D.Franc;ois-Bongarc;on. 989
"Hole Effects in- Diamond Cores From Palabora", J.Vieler and I.Clark 1001 "Simularion 0/ Medium and Sho17 Term Mine Production Scheduling Using Geostatistical Modelling", J. Vieira, J.Travassos, A. Gonc;alves, N.Samos and F. Muge. . 1013 "Geostatistical Estimation of a Summary Recovery Index for Marble Quarries", H.Pereira, G.Brito, T.Albuquerque and J. Robeiro. . 1029
"Coal Preparation and Geosratistics - A Blend o/Technologies to Forecast Clean Coal Qualiries", Sukhendu Barna. . 1041 xii
"ESTimating The Recoverable Reserves of Gold DeposiTs: Comparison Between Disjuncrive Kriging and lndicaror Kriging", Jean-Paul Chiles, and Hong-Tao Liao 1053
"A Case 5rudy on the Application of Geosrarisrics and Image Analysis to Mine Planning", Fernando Muge, Pedro Pina, Gabriel Luis, Joao Luis, Pedro Patinha and Carlos Guimaraes. . .. 1065
Index' 1079 FOREWORD
From Frascati to Troia
In the Seventeen years between the first International Geostatistics Institute in Frascati and the Fourth Congress Troia'92, the geostatistical community has grown in number and diversity and has reached recognition yet holding on its trademark. In recent years it has emerged from its original field of application in the mining industry to include applications in petroleum, oceanography, soil, entomological and environmental sciences. The "others" category of past congresses has grown into the most important, and had to be subdivided into many new sub classifications.
Troia'92 has been a most fruitful forum where more than 200 participants from 28 different countries challenged each other's understanding of a still fast moving theory and learnt from unexpected applications from remote fields. Troia'92 will be remembered as the Congress ofconsolidation when Geostatistics reached its place within the dynamics of the roaring scientific growth of this century end.
The Organizing Committee.
Margaret Armstrong Andre Journel Peter Dowd Amilcar Soares (General Secretary)
xiii Acknowledgements
TROIA '92 was organized by CYRM - Instituto Superior Tecnico (Lisbon). The Organizing Committee would like to thank the members of the Scientific Committee who had selected the abstracts and reviewed the papers. The quality of the final version of the articles is due to their conscientious work. The Congress was made possible by the financial aid of the following institutions and companies which have sponsored the technical sessions:
- Commission of the European Communities - DGXII - SCRF - Stanford Center for Reservoir Forecasting - SOMINCOR - SPE - Sociedade Portuguesa de Empreendimentos - RTZ Corporation PLC - COGEMA
- EDM - Empresa de Desenvolvimento Mineiro A - AFAIRS - Associa~ao Universidade - Empresa para Forma~ao no Ambito da Industria e Recursos do Sub-solo. - INIC - Instituto Nacional de Investiga~ao Cientffica - DGGM - Direc~ao Geral de Geologia e Minas - FLA - Funda~ao Luso Americana
The Organizing Committee is deeply obliged to these institutions and companies. The extraordinary success of the Congress would not have been possible without the dedication of the students of the CYRM - Instituto Superior Tecnico.
xv LIST OF PARTICIPANTS
Abrahamsen, Peter, NORWEGIAN COMPUTING CENTER Postbox 114 BLINDERN 0314 OSLO 3, NORWAY
Ajlan, Adel Hamoud, NIL P.O. Box 345 Jeddah 21191, SAUDI ARABIA
Alabert, Fran<;ois, Societe Nationale ELF AQUITAINE SNEA(P), CSTJF Avenue Larribau 64018 PAU CEDEX, FRANCE
Albuquerque, Alexandre, SPE, Sociedade Portuguesa de Empreendimentos, SA Rua dos Fanqueiros, 12 - 2°, 1100 LISBOA, PORTUGAL
Albuquerque, Maria Teresa, INSTITUTO SUPERIOR TECNICO - Centro de Valoriza<;ao de Recursos Minerais Av. Rovisco Pais, 1096 LISBOA, PORTUGAL
Alfaro, Marco, CODELCO-CHILE Division Chuquicamata Planification Mina CHUCHICAMATA, CHILE
Allard, Dennis, ECOLE DES MINES DE PARIS - Centre de Geostatistique 35, rue Saint-Honore 77305 Fontainebleau, FRANCE
Allison, Henry, CSIRO - DIVISION OF WATER RESOURCES Private Bag PO Wembley WA 6014, AUSTRALIA
Almeida, Alberto, APPLIED EARTH SCIENCES DEPT. Stanford University Stanford, CA 94305-2225, U.S.A.
Almeida, Jose Antonio, INSTITUTO SUPERIOR TECNICO - Centro de Valoriza<;ao de Recursos Minerais Av. Rovisco Pais, 1096 LISBOA, PORTUGAL
Araktingi, Udo, CHEVRON OIL FIEL RESEARCH COMPANY A CHEVRON CORPORATION SUBSIDIARY 1300 Beach Boulevard P.O.Box 446 La Habra, CA 90633-0448, U.S.A.
Armstrong, Margaret, ECOLE NATIONAL SUPERIEURE DES MINES DE PARIS - Centre de Geostatistique 35, Rue Saint-Honore 77305 FONTAINEBLEAU, FRANCE
xvii xviii
Attas, Abdallah Mohsen AI, NIL P.O. Box 345 Jeddah 21191, SAUDI ARABIA
Baafi, Ernest, UNIVERSITY OF WOLLONGGONG NSW 2500 Wollongong, AUSTRALIA
Barata, Teresa, INSTITUTO SUPERIOR TECNICO - Centro de Valoriza<;ao de Recursos Minerais Av. Rovisco Pais, 1096 LISBOA, PORTUGAL
Barua, Sukhendu L., ISLAND CREEK CORPORAnON 250 West Main Street, P.O. Box 11430 LEXINGTON, KY 40575 - 1430, U.S.A.
Beckner, Bret, MOBIL RED P.O. Box 819047, Dallas, U.S.A
Beier, Richard, CONOCO INC., PO BOX 1267, PONCACITY, OK 74603, U.S.A.
Beucher, Helene, ECOLE NATIONALE SUPERIEURE DES MINES DE PARIS Centre de Geostatistique Ecole des Mines 35 rue Saint-Honore 77305 Fontainebleau, FRANCE
Beurden, Arthur Van, R.I. V.M. Ant. van Leeuwenhoeklaan 9 P.O.Box 1 3720 BA Bilthoven (NL) , THE NETHERLANDS
Bezerra, Jose Carlos Leal, ODEBRECHT Alameda da Espat6dias, 915 Pituba, Salvador-Bahia, BRAZIL
Bierkens, M.F.P., UNIVERSITY OF UTRECHT GEOGRAPHICAL INSTITUTE P.O.Box 80.115, 3508 TC Utrecht, THE NETHERLANDS
Blaise, Jean Rene, SOCIETE DES MINES DU BOURNEIX BP 36 87500 St Yriex la Perche, FRANCE
Blanchin, Raymond, BRGM BP 6009 45060 Orleans cedex 2, FRANCE
Bonaccorsi, Giusepi, ANG-ONG Via XX Setembre, 75 Tredozio SO-zip 47019 - ITALY xix
Bongar~on, Dominique F., INCO EXPLORATION AND TECHNICAL SERVICES, INC. 1630 Paris ST #209 Sudbury, Ont. P3E 3CI, CANADA
Bortoli, Louis, APPLIED EARTH SCIENCES DEPT. Stanford University Stanford, CA 94305-2225, U.S.A.
Bourgault, Gilles, ECOLE POLYTECHNIQUE MONTREAL Dept. Genie Mineral, 5 etage C.P. 6079, CANADA H3C 3A7
Braga, Luis Paulo V., UFRJ c.P. 2386,20001 - RIO DE JANEIRO, BRASIL
Braud, Isabelle, UNIVERSITE SCIENTIFIQUE TECHNOLOGIQUE ET MEDICALE DE GRENOBLE Institut de Mecanique de Grenoble BP 53 X, 38041 Grenoble, FRANCE
Brito, Gra~a, INSTITUTO SUPERIOR TECNICO - Centro de Valoriza~ao de Recursos Minerais Av. Rovisco Pais, 1096 LISBOA, PORTUGAL
Bruno, Roberto, UNIVERSITA DEGLI STUDI DI ROMA "LA SAPIENZA" Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chi mica, dei Materiali, delle Materie Prime Metal\. Via Eudossiana, 18 - 00184 ROMA, ITALY
Buxton, Bruce, BATTELLE 505 King Avenue Columbus, Ohio 43201-2693, U.S.A.
Camisani, F.A., ANGLOVAAL LIMITED Anglovaal House 56, Main Street JOHANNESBURG 2001, SOUTH AFRICA
Carolino, Alexandra, PEGMATfTICA Soc. Mineira de Pegmatites Lda., Mesquitela, 3530 Mangualde, PORTUGAL
Carolino, B., PEGMATITICA Soc. Mineira de Pegmatites Lda., Mesquitela, 3530 Mangualde, PORTUGAL
Carolino, Jose, PEGMATITICA Soc. Mineira de Pegmatites Lda., Mesquitela, 3530 Mangualde, PORTUGAL xx Carr, James R., UNIVERSITY OF NEVADA, Reno Department of Geological Sciences/168 MS 168 Reno, NV 89557-0138, U.S.A.
Carrasco, Pedro, CODELCO Diego Portoles 510, Salvador, CHILE
Carrera, Jesus, DIT-UPC Dep. Ing. Terreno UPC, Campus Nord, Mod D-2 08034, BARCELONA, SPAIN
Carter, L., ANGLOVAAL Ltd. P.O.Box 62379 Marshalltown 2107, SOUTH AFRICA
Carvalho, Justino da Encarna<;ao, PARTEX-CPS Av. 5 de Outubro, 260, 1000 LISBOA, PORTUGAL
Castillo, Carlos L., INTEVEP, S.A Sector el Tambor, Santa Rosa los tegues Edu Miranda, VENEZUELA
Caumartin, COGEMA BP 4 78141 Velizy Villa Coublay, FRANCE
Chambel, LUls,SOCIEDADE PORTUGUESA DE EMPREENDIMENTOS Rua dos Fanqueiros, 12, 5° 1100 lisboa - PORTUGAL
Chica-Olmo, Mario, UNIVERSIDAD DE GRANADA - Dept. Geodinamica Av. da Fuentenueva, SIN 18071 GRANADA, SPAIN
Chiles, Jean-Paul, BRGM BP 6009, 45060 Orleans Cedex 2, FRANCE
Clarici, Elena, IMPERIAL COLLEGE OF SCIENCE, Technology & Medicine Royal School of Mines Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2BP, ENGLAND
Clark, Isobel, GEOSTOKOS LIMITED Alloa Business Centre Whins Road Alloa FK10 3SA, Central Scotland
Coleou, Thierry, PETROSYSTEMSICGG 2500 Wilcrest, suite 200, Houston, TEXAS, 77042, U.S.A. xxi
Cortez, Leopoldo, INSTITUTO SUPERIOR TECNICO - Centro de Valorizac;ii.o de Recursos Minerais Av. Rovisco Pais, 1096 USBOA, PORTUGAL
Cressie, Noel A.C., IOWA STATE UNIVERSITY - Departments of Statistics 102E Snedecor Hall Ames IA 50011, U.S.A.
Dagbert, Michel, GEOSTAT SYSTEMS INTERNATIONAL INC. 800 Chomedey Blvd -Tower A -Suite 240 Laval, QUEBEC CANADA H7Y3YA, CANADA
Daly Colin, B.P RESEARCH CENTER Chertsey Road Sunbury-on-thames, Middx TW 167 LN, ENGLAND
Daly, Mike, ESKOM FUEL AND WATER DIVISION SOUTH AFRICA
Demange, Claude, COGEMA BP 478141 Velizy Villa Coublay, FRANCE
Deutsche, Clayton, Exxon Production Research Company P.O. Box 2189, Houston, Tx 77252-2189, U.S.A.
Dimitrakopoulos, Roussos, McGILL UNIVERSITY Dept. of Mining and Metallurgical Eng. 3480 University Street Montreal, P.Q., CANADA H3A 2A7
Donato, Matteo, COMMISSION OF EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES Head of the Row Materials Programme DG XII/C-5 200 Rue dela Loi B-I049, Brussels, BELGIUM
Dosi, Paola, DIGITER , SRL U. Roccadipapa, 00184 ROMA, ITAuA
Dowd, Peter, THE UNIVERSITY OF LEEDS - Dept. of Mining and Mineral Engineering Leeds LS29JT, ENGLAND
Dubrule, Olivier,SOCIETE NATIONALE ELF-AQUITAINE CSTJF, 64018 Pan Cedex, FRANCE xxii
Durao, Fernando, INSTITUTO SUPERIOR TECNICO- Centro de Valorizal;ao de Recursos Minerais Av. Rovisco Pais, 1096 LISBOA, PORTUGAL
Englund, Evan J., U.S.EPA P.O.Box 93478 Las Vegas NV 89193-3478, U.S.A.
Felix, Manfred, GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF SAXONY; GERMANY Halsbrucker Str. 31 a 0 - 9200 Freiberg, GERMANY
Ferra, Pedro, INSTITUTO SUPERIOR TECNICO - Centro de Valorizal;ao de Recursos Minerais Av. Rovisco Pais, 1096 LISBOA, PORTUGAL
Ferreira, Alfredo Virgflio, SOMINCOR Apartado 12, 7780 Castro Verde, PORTUGAL
Fouquet, Chantal de, ECOLE NATIONALE SUPERIEURE DES MINES DE PARIS Centre de Geostatistique 35, Rue Saint-Honore, 77305 Fontainebleau, FRANCE
Freulon, Xavier, ECOLE NATIONALE SUPERIEURE DES MINES DE PARIS Centre de Geostatistique 35, Rue Saint-Honore, 77305 Fontainebleau, FRANCE
Froidevaux, Roland, FSS INTERNATIONAL 10 Chemin de Drize 1256 Troinex, SWITZERLAND
Galli, Alain, ECOLE NATIONALE SUPERIEURE DES MINES DE PARIS Ecole • Centre de Geostatistique 35, Rue Saint-Honore, 77305 Fontainebleu, FRANCE
Garcia, Jorge Delgado, UNIVERSIDAD DE GRANADA - Dpto de Geodinamica Av da. Fuentenueva sin 18071 - GRANADA,SPAIN
Garcia, Michel, ECOLE NATIONAL SUPERIEURE DES MINES DE PARIS - Centre de Geostatistique 35, Rue Saint-Honore, 77305 Fontainebleau, FRANCE
Gedler, Gustavo, INTEVEP, S.A Vr. Santa Rosa, Sector el Tambor los Teques, VENEZUELA xxiii
Geiger, Janos, "MOL"RT-NKFV-SLKFI Nagyalfold Oil and Gas Production Co., P.O.Box 865000 Szolnok, HUNGARY
Georgsen, Frode, NORWEGIAN COMPUTING CENTER/SAND Postbox 114 Blinden N-0314 OSLO 3, NORWAY
Gois, L., INSTITUTO SUPERIOR TECNICO - Centro de Valorizac;ao de Recursos Minerais Av. Rovisco Pais, 1096 LISBOA, PORTUGAL
Gomez-Hernandes, Jaime, UNIVERSIDAD POLITECNICA DE VALENCIA Dep. Hidraulica y Medio Ambiente 46071 Valencia, SPAIN
Gonzaga, Jose LUIs, INSTITUTO SUPERIOR TECNICO - Centro de Valorizac;ao de Recursos Minerais Av. Rovisco Pais, 1096 LISBOA, PORTUGAL
Goovaerts, Pierre, UNIVERSITE CATOLIQUE DE LOUVAIN Faculte des Sciences Agronomiques Place Croix du Sud, 2 Bte 16 Louvain-Ia-Neuve, BELGIUM
Gossa, Hedhili, SOCIETE ITALO TUNISIENNE D'EXPLOTATION PETROLIERE Centre Urbain Nord B.P. 424 1080 Tunis Cedex , Tunis, TUNISIE
Goulard, Michel, INRA LABORATOIRE DE BIOMETRIE INRA BP 91 84140 MONTFAVET, FRANCE
Gruyter, Joop J. de, WIMAND STARING CENTRE Postbus 125 NL-6700 AC Wageningen, THE NETHERLANDS
Guardiano, Felipe, STANFORD UNIVERSITY, Dept. of Applied Earth Sciences Stanford, CA 94305-2225, U.S.A.
Guimaraes, Carlos, INSTITUTO SUPERIOR TECNICO - Centro de Valorizac;ao de Recursos Minerais Av. Rovisco Pais, 1096 LISBOA, PORTUGAL
Guterres, Ana, INSTITUTO SUPERIOR TECNICO - Centro de Valorizac;ao de Recursos Minerais Av. Rovisco Pais, 1096 LISBOA, PORTUGAL xxiv
Grzebyk, Michel, ECOLE NATIONAL SUPERIEURE DES MINES DE PARIS • Centre de Geostatistique 35, rue Saint-Honore, 77300 Fontainebleau, FRANCE
Haas, Andre, SOCIETE NATIONALE ELF AQUITAINE SNEA(P), CSTJF Avenue Larribau 64018 PAU Cedex, FRANCE
Halleux, Isabelle, ISSP - INSTITUT SCIENTIFIQUE DE SERVICE PUBLIC Rue du Chera, 200 B-4000, Liege 1, BELGIUM
Hektoen, A. L.- NORWEGIAN COMPUTING CENTER P.B.Box 114 - Blindern 0314 Oslo, NORWAY
Heuvelink, G.B.M., UNIV. OF UTRECHT Geographical Institute P.O.Box 80115, 3508 TC Utrecht, THE NETHERLAND
Hewett, Thomas A., STANFORD UNIVERSITY, Dept. of Applied Earth Sciences Stanford California 94305-2220, U.S.A.
Hohn, Michael, WV GEOLOGICAL & ECONOMIC SURVEY P.O.Box 879 Morgantown, WV 26507-0879, U.S.A.
Hollund, Knut Utne, NORSK HYDRO A.S. P.O.Box 200 N-1321 STABEKK, NORWAY
Hu, Linying Y., ECOLE NATIONAL SUPERIEURE DES MINES DE PARIS - Centre de Geostatistique 35, rue St.Honore, 77305 Fontainebleau, FRANCE
Hudson, Gordon, MACAULAYLAND USE RESEARCH/NST. Craigiebuckler Aberdeen AB9 2QJ, SCOTLAND
Jepsen, Jens Bach, STATOIL Box 300, Forus N-4001 Stavanger, NORWAY
Jeulin, Dominique, ECOLE NATIONAL SUPERIEURE DES MINES DE PARIS • Centre de Geostatistique 35, rue St. Honore, 77305, Fontainebleau, FRANCE
Jimenez-Espinosa, Rosario, UNIVERSIDAD DE GRANADA - Dept.Geodinamica • Facultad de Ciencias cl Fuentenueva sin 18071 Granada, SPAIN xxv
Journel, Andre, STANFORD UNIVERSITY, Dept. of Applied Earth Sciences Stanford, CA 94305-2225, U.S.A.
Kalkomey, Cynthia T., MOBIL RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT P.O.Box 819047 Dallas, TX 75381, U.S.A.
Kleingeld, W.J., ANGLO AMERICAN CORP. P.O.Box A 1848, Craighall 2024, SOUTH AFRICA
Krige, Daniel - UNIV. OF THE WITWATERSRAND P.O.Box 121, Florida Hills, 1716, SOUTH AFRICA
Kupfersberger, Hans, INSTITUT FUR HYDRAULIK GEWASSERKUNDE & WASSERWIRTSCHAFT Technische Universitat Wien Karlplatz 13/223 A-1040 Wien, AUSTRIA
Laine, Eeva Liisa, HELSINKI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY LABORATORY of Eng. Geology Vuorimiehentie 2A 02150 ESPOO, FINLANDE
Lajos, Kovacs, HUNGARIAN GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Stefania ut 14 Budapest H- 1143, HUNGARY
Langlais, Valerie, BP EXPLORATION INC. 5151 San Felipe P.O.Box 4587 Houston, TEXAS 77210 , U.S.A.
Lantuejoul, Christian, ECOLE NATIONAL SUPERIEURE DES MINES DE PARIS • Centre de Geostatistique 35, Rue Saint-Honore, 77305 Fontainebleau, FRANCE
Lemmer, Carina 15 Chiselhurst Drive ROSSMORE 2092 Johannesburg, SOUTH AFRICA
Liao, Hong Tao, PETROSYSTEMS 1 rue Leon Migaux 91341 Massy Cedex, FRANCE
Lokosha, Osango, UNIVERSITE DE LAUSANNE - Institut de Mineralogie et Petrographi UNIL BFSM2 1015 Lausanne, SUISSE xxvi
LUIs, Joao, INSTITUTO SUPERIOR TECNICO - Centro de Valorizac;ao de Recursos Minerais Av. Rovisco Pais, 1096 LISBOA, PORTUGAL
MacCarthy, Jane, BHP Tower - Bourke Place 600 BOURKE STREET, MELBOURNE, VICTORIA 3000, G.P.O.Box 86A, MELBOURNE, AUSTRALIA 3001
Magri, Ed, NCL Ingenierie y Construction S.A., Ricardo Matte Perez 479-485 Providencia - Santiago - CHILE
Maignan, Michel, UNIVERSITE DE LAUSANNE Mineralogie BFSM2 10 15 Lausanne- Dorigny, SUISSE
Mandallaz, Daniel, ETH- Eidgenossische Technische Mochschule Zurich ETH-Zentrum, HG E 12 CH-8092 Zurich, SUISSE
Marbeau, Jean Paul, PETROSYSTEMS/CGG 1, rue Leon Migaux 91302 MASSY Cedex, FRANCE
Marcotte, Denis, ECOLE POLYTECHNIQUE Case Postale 6079 Sucursale A Montreal, Quebec H3C G47, CANADA
Meer, Freek van der, INTERNATIONAL INSTITUT FOR AEROSPACE SURVEY AND EARTH SCIENCES 350 Boulevard 1945 P.O.Box 6, 7500 AA Enschede, THE NETHERLANDS
Monestiez, Pascal, LABORATOIRE DE BIOMETRIE, INRA B.P.91 84140 MONTFAVET, FRANCE
Mucha, Jacek, ACADEMY OF MINING AND METALLURGY IHiGI AGH AI. Mickiewicza 30 30-059 KRAKOW, POLAND
Muge, Fernando, INSTITUTO SUPERIOR TECNICO - Centro de Valorizac;ao de Recursos Minerais Av. Rovisco Pais, 1096 LISBOA, PORTUGAL
Munthe, Kristin, NORWEGIAN COMPUTING CENTER P.O.Box 114-Blindern 0314 Oslo, NORUAY
Murillo, Alvaro, Calle 129 BIS, nO SA-26/56 Ap. 315 Santa Fe de Bogota, COLOMBIA S.A. xxvii
Murray, Christopher, STANFORD UNIVERSITY, Dept. of Applied Earth Sciences Stanford, CA 94305-2225, U.S.A.
Myers, Donald, UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA - Department of Mathematics Tucson AZ 85721, U.S.A.
Nulsen, Marcus, WESTERN ATLAS INTERNATIONAL 455, London Road Isleworth, Middx, ENGLAND
Okx., J.P., TAWN INFRA CONSULT B.V. P.O.Box 4797400 AL DEVENTER, THE NETHERLANDS
Oliver, A., THE UNIVERSITY OF BIRMINGHAM School of Geography Edgbaston BIRMINGHAM, B152TT U.K., ENGLAND
Omre, Henning, NORWEGIAN COMPUTING CENTER Postbox 114 BLINDEN N-314 Oslo 3, NORWAY
Oosterveld, M.M., ANGLO AMERICAN CORP. OF SA LTD P.O.Box 41848 2024 CRAIGHALL, SOUTH AFRICA
Pardo-Iguzquiza, Eulogio, UNIVERSIDAD DE GRANADA, FTAD.Ciencias • Dpto. Geodinamica Av da. Fuentenueva, 18071 GRANADA, ESPANA
Parker, Harry M., MINERAL RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT Suite 302 1710 South Amphlett Blud. San Mateo, California, 94546 U.S.A.
Patinha, Pedro, INSTITUTO SUPERIOR TECNICO - Centro de Valoriza<;ao de Recursos Minerais Av. Rovisco Pais, 1096 LISBOA, PORTUGAL
Pebesma, EJ., UNIVERSITY OF UTRECHT Geographical Institute P.O.Box 801 IS, 3508 TC UTRECHT, THE NETHERLANDS
Pereira, H.G., INSTITUTO SUPERIOR TECNICO - Centro de Valoriza~ao de Recursos Minerais Av. Rovisco Pais, 1096 LISBOA, PORTUGAL
Pereira, Maria Joao, INSTITUTO SUPERIOR TECNICO - Centro de Valoriza<;ao de Recursos Minerais Av. Rovisco Pais, 1096 LISBOA, PORTUGAL xxviii
Pilz, Jurgen, BERGAKADEMIC FREIBERG Fachbereich Geowissenschaften G. -Zeuner-Str. 12 D- 9200 Freiberg (Sachs), GERMANY
Pina, Pedro, INSTITUTO SUPERIOR TECNICO - Centro de Valorizac;ao de Recursos Minerais Av. Rovisco Pais, 1096 LISBOA, PORTUGAL
Posa, Donato, Dipartminento de Mathematica, IRMA Via G.Fortunato Campus Universitario 70125 Bari, ITALY
Quental, LUIS Ramos, PARTEX Avenida 5 de Outubro, PORTUGAL
Raspa, Giuseppe, UNIVERSITA dI ROMA "LA SAPIENZA" Dipartimento di Engegneria Chimica de Materiali, delle Materie Prime e Metallurgia Via Eudossiana, 18, 00184 Roma, ITALY
Ravenne, GEOV ARIANCES Avenue Franklin Roosevelt 38,77210 Avon, FRANCE
Ravenscroft, Peter J., RTZ TECHNICAL SERVICES LIMITED P.O.Box 50, CASTLEMEAD LOWER CASTLE STREET BRISTOL BS99 7YR, UNITED KINGDOM
Remacre, Armando Zaupa, UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL DE CAMPINAS C.P. 6152 - Instituto de Geociencias - CAMPINAS, BRASIL
Renard, Didier, ECOLE NATIONAL SUPERIEURE DES MINES DE PARIS - Centre de Geostatistique 35, rue Saint-Honore, 77305 FONTAINEBLEAU, FRANCE
Ribeiro, Jorge, INSTITUTO SUPERIOR TECNICO - Centro de Valorizac;ao de Recursos Minerais Av. Rovisco Pais, 1096 LISBOA, PORTUGAL
Ribeiro, LUIS Tavares, INSTITUTO SUPERIOR TECNICO - Centro de Valorizac;ao de Recursos Minerais Av. Rovisco Pais, 1096 LISBOA, PORTUGAL
Roditis, Yani, GOLD FIELDS MINING CO. 1687 Cole Blvd. Golden, CO, 80401, U.S.A. (3 books) xxix
Rodrigues, Joao Jose, SOMINCOR - Sociedade Mineira de Neves Corvo, SARL Apartado 12, 7780 CASTRO VERDE, PORTUGAL
Rogado, Jose Quintino, INSTITUTO SUPERIOR TECNICO - Centro de Valoriza<;ao de Recursos Minerais Av. Rovisco Pais, 1096 LISBOA, PORTUGAL
Rohrlich, Vera, TECHNION Geotechnology Technion City 32000 Haifa, ISRAEL
Rossi, Mario, MINERAL RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT 1710 So. Amphlett Blvd. Suite 302 San Mateo, CA, 94402, U.S.A.
Rossini, Claudia, AGIP S.P.A. Via Fabiani n 1 S.Donato M. Milano, ITALY
Roth, Chris, BRGM BP 6009, 45060 Orleans Cedex 2, FRANCE
Rovellini, Marco, AGIP S.P.A. Via Fabiani n0 1 S.Donato M. Milano, ITALY
Salguero-Perez, Antonio, UNIVERSIDAD DE GRANADAIIAGM Dpto. Geodinamica I AUDA. Fuentenueva SIN, 18071 Granada, SPAIN
Samper, Javier, UNIVERSITAT POLITECNICA DE CATALUNYA Departamento de Ingenieria del Terreno y Cartografica c/Gran Capitan SIN Modulo 2 08034 BARCELONA, SPAIN
Sanchez-Vila, Xavier, UNIVERSITAT POLITECNICA DE CATALUNYA Gran Capitan, sin Modulo 0-2 Barcelona 08034, SPAIN
Schad, Hermann, INSTITUT FUR WASSERBAU University of Stuttgard, GERMANY
Schaffrin, Burkhard, OHIO STATA UNIVERSITY Depart.of Geodetic Science Surveying The Ohio State University 1958 Neil Ave., Co1umbusiOhio 43210,43219, U.S.A.
Schafmeister, Maria-Th., FREE UNIVERSITY BERLIN Institute for Applied Geology Wichernstr. 160- 1000 BERLIN 33 F.R.G., GERMANY xxx Schamber, Jennifer, MICHIGAN TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY 1400 Townseno Dr. Houghton MI 49931, U.S.A.
Schofield, Neil, FSS INTERNATIONAL INC. P.O.Box 657 Epping NSW 2121, AUSTRALIA
Seguret, Serge, ECOLE NATIONAL SUPERIEURE DES MINES DE PARIS - Centre de Geostatistique 35, Rue St. Honore, 77305 Fontainbleau, FRANCE
Silva, A. Costa e, PARTEX, cps Av. 5 de Outubro, 160, 1000 LISBOA, PORTUGAL
Silva, Emfdio, University of Roma , Via Eudossiana, 18-00184 ROMA, ITALIA
Silva, Fernando, PARTEX Av. 5 de Outubro, Lisboa, PORTUGAL
Silva, Francisco Jose, SOMINCOR - Sociedade Mineira de Neves Corvo, SARL Apartado 12, 7780 CASTRO VERDE, PORTUGAL
Simard, Yvan, DEPT.FISH.& OCEANS INSTITUT MAURICE-LAMONTAGNE C.P. 1000 MONT-JOLI QUEBEC G5H 3Z4, CANADA
Soares, Amflcar 0., INSTITUTO SUPERIOR TECNICO - Centro de Valoriza<;ao de Recursos Minerais Av. Rovisco Pais, 1096 LISBOA, PORTUGAL
Sonnet, Philippe, UNIVERSITE CATHOLIQUE DE LOUV AIN Laboratoire de Geologie et Mineralogie 3, Place L. Pasteur 1348 Louvain-a-Neuve, BELGIUM
Soulie, Michel, UNIVERSITE DE MONTREAL Ecole Polytechnique Section Geotechnique CP 6079, Succ A. Montreal (Qc) H3C 3A7, CANADA
Sousa, Antonio Jorge de, INSTITUTO SUPERIOR TECNICO - Centro de Valoriza<;ao de Recursos Minerais Av. Rovisco Pais, 1096 LISBOA, PORTUGAL
Srivastava, Mohan, FSS INTERNATIONAL #24 The Creekhouse 1551 Johnston Street Vancouver, B.C., CANADA V6H 3R9 xxxi
Steffens, Francois E., UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH AFRICA Statistics Dept. P.O.Box 392 0001 PRETORIA, SOUTH AFRICA
Stein, Alfred, AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY Dept. Soil Science and Geology P.O.Box 37 6700 AA Wageningen, THE NETHERLANDS
Suro-Perez, Vinicio,PEMEX Av.Marina Nacional320, Torre Ejecutiva, Piso 32 11311 Mexico DF, MEXICO
Taheri, Mojtaba, INTEVEP, S.A. P.O.Box 76343 Caracas 1070-A, VENEZUELA
Tavchandjian, Oliver, Universite of Quebeque in Chicoutimi 555 Boul. Universite, Chicoutimi, 67H-3R5, QUEBEC, CANADA
Tercan, A.E., UNIVERSITY OF LEEDS Mining and Mineral Engineering Leeds LS2 9JT, ENGLAND
Thadani, Suresh G., STOCHASTIC SYSTEMS, INC. 1524 Mockingbird Plano, Texas 75075, U.S.A.
Tjelmeland, Hakon, NORWEGIAN COMPUTING CENTER Postbox 114 Blindern 0314 OSLO, NORWAY
Tran, Thomas, SHELL DEVELOPMENT CO. P.O.BOX 481 HOUSTON, TX 77001, U.S.A
Travassos, Jose Filipe, INSTITUTO SUPERIOR TECNICO - Centro de Valoriza<;ao de Recursos Minerais Av. Rovisco Pais 1096 LISBOA, PORTUGAL
Tyler, Kelly, Dept. for Res. Tech. STATOIL PO Box 300 N-4001 Stavanger, NORUA Y
Vairinho, Margarida, MINISTERIO DA INDUSTRIA E ENERGIA Rua Diogo Couto nOI 2°, Lisboa, PORTUGAL
Valente, Jorge, CONSULTOR R. Martin Francisco, n033], sp. 402, 30-430, BELO HORIZONTE, BRASIL
Varsanyi, Iren, INSTITUTE OF MINERALOGY H- 6701 Szeged Pf 651, HUNGARY xxxii
Verly, Georges, B.P RESEARCH CENTER Chertsey Road Sunbury-on-thames Middlesex TW 167 LN, ENGLAND
Verrezen, Lucien, GENMIN P.O.Box 1404 Roosevelt Park Johannesburg 2129, SOUTH AFRICA
Vieler, Jonathan, RIO TINTO MANAGEMENT SERVICES P.O.Box 784467 SANDTON 2146, SOUTH AFRICA
Vicente, Yolanda, SOCIEDADE PORTUGUESA DE EMPREENDIMENTOS Rua dos Fanqueiros n012 5°, 1100 Lisboa, PORTUGAL
Wartenberg, Daniel, DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND COMMUNITY MEDICINE UMDNJ-Robert Wood Johson Medical School Piscataway NJ 08854, U.S.A.
Weber, Dennis D., UNIVERSITY OF NEVADA Environmental Research Center 4505 Maryland Parkway LAS VEGAS, NV 89154, U.S.A.
Webster, Richard, ETH Zurich Institut fur terrestrische Okologie Grabenstrasse 3 8952 Schlieren, SWITZERLAND
Werovszkyne, Veronika Pipic, "MOL"RT-NKFV Nagyalfold Oil and Gas Production Co., P.O.Box 86 5000 Szolnok, HUNGARY
Yfantis, E.A., UNIVERSITY OF NEVADA Computer Science Department LAS VEGAS, NV 89154, U.S.A.
Zeissler, Karl-Otto, GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF SAXONY Halsbrucker Str. 31 a 0 - 9200 Freiberg, GERMANY
Zepic, Franc, INSTITUT ZA GEOLOGIJO, Geotehniko in Geofiziko Geoloski Zavod Ljubljana Dimiceva 14 61000 LOJUBUANA SLOVENIA, YOUGOSLAVIE