1 West Central Khoisan Etymology the Etymological Database for The

West Central Khoisan etymology Compiled by George Starostin

The etymological database for the West Central Khoisan language subgroup, linked directly to the general Central Khoisan database.

!NB!: It is not yet transparently clear whether West Central Khoisan actually exists as a separate, historically valid taxon, because there is currently not enough evidence to state that the splitting of Proto-Non-Khoekhoe was really binary (into West and East Central Khoisan). In terms of lexicostatistics, the distance between, e. g., the Kxoe subgroup (//Ani, Kxoe, Buga, |Ganda) and the |Gwi-//Gana subgroup of WCK is quite comparable to the one between either of these subgroups and East Central Khoisan. In essence, the term "West Central Khoisan" may just be a blanket grouping for everything Non-Khoekhoe that is NOT East Central Khoisan (the latter is definitely a compact and separate grouping, characterized, among other things, by such an important phonetic isogloss as the affricativization of the palatal click). Nevertheless, until a proper lexicostatistical assessment of the data has been conducted (this is hampered by insufficient data in the wordlists), it is reasonable to suspend final judgement and to provisionally accept "West Central Khoisan" as a single taxon.

Data sources: Unlike in the case of ECK, for WCK several detailed language dictionaries are available. The best of these are Kilian-Hatz 2003 (KH) for Kxoe and Visser (2001) for Naro; Tanaka (1978) for |Gwi and //Gana contains a lot of material, but, unfortunately, with poor transcription quality. Most of the other data are drawn from Vossen 1997 and various articles by R. Vossen; the quality is excellent, but the amount of available information on //Ani, Buga, |Ganda, and #Haba is, unfortunately, quite small.

The database consists of the following fields: 1. Proto-West Khoe: the hypothetical protoform for PWCK. (Even if WCK is really two or three separate subgroups, this does not constitute much of a problem, since most of the protoforms would be phonetically identical anyway). 2. Meaning: the general meaning(s) of the reconstructed stem. 3. //Ani: the default source is Vossen 1997 and other articles by R. Vossen. 4. Kxoe: the default source is KH; where available, forms in Oswin Köhler's transcription (Kö.) are also cited (taken either from Vossen 1997 or Köhler's original articles as marked 2 in the references section). 5. Buga: the default source is Vossen 1997. 6. |Ganda: the default source is Vossen 1997. 7. Naro: the default source is Visser's dictionary; the most phonetically reliable transcriptions, however, belong to Vossen (V.; 1997 and var. articles). Alan Barnard's data from Barnard (1985) is also given where possible (Ba.), but some of it seems to be rather sloppy in regard to click transcription. 8-9. |Gwi, //Gana: the default source is Vossen 1997. Tanaka 1978 (Ta.) is very useful as a data source, but seriously unreliable in terms of transcription. 10. #Haba: the default source is Vossen 1997. 11. Tsaukwe: some data on an obviously WCK idiom, collected by S. Passarge ("Die Buschmänner der Kalahari", Berlin 1907) and included in Dorothea Bleek's dictionary (1956). The transcription is obviously of a very low quality. 12. Notes: additional comments and considerations. 13. References: bibliographical links.

Notes on transcription: Clicks: | = dental click, ǂ = palatal click, ! = alveolar click, ǁ = lateral click. For Tsaukwe, the sign $ denotes an unidentified click influx in Passarge's notes (only "guessable" through comparison with external data). Click effluxes include zero (no special marking), voiced articulation (, etc.), nasalisation (, etc.), aspiration (|h, etc.), velar fricative (|x, etc.), uvular stop (|q, etc.), and the glottal stop (|ʔ, etc.). For most of the discussed idioms, R. Vossen distinguishes between two nasalized clicks: simple nasalized (marked here as ) and "voiced nasalized ("nasal-stimmhaft"), marked here as n. The same distinction is made for Kxoe by Kilian-Hatz, who transcribes the two as  and g, respectively. Judging by the correspondences, though, this opposition does not seem to be too consistently marked in the data in order to be reflected in the reconstructions, so for now it is ignored on the higher levels. Non-click consonants: c, ʒ = hissing voiceless and voiced affricates (= ts and dz in Vossen's original transcription); ś = ҫ (Köhler) = palatal fricative (only in Kxoe); ć = tҫ (Köhler) = palatal affricate (only in Kxoe); q = uvular voiceless stop; ʔ = glottal stop; ɣ = velar voiced fricative (tentatively set up in a few reconstructions, not attested in the actual languages). 3

Vowels: ɛ, ɔ = open correlates to closed e, o. The tilde sign denotes nasalisation; á, à, ǎ, â = tonal markings. As in all other Khoisan databases, original transliteration is mostly retained for all sources older than 1980 (also for Barnard 1985) for fear of incorrect interpretation of the data. Particular caution should be paid to Tanaka's data, where, e. g., ! is frequently substituted for ǂ, and the zero efflux is regularly marked as -t- instead of the usual -k- (or, in fact, zero).

Number 1 Proto-West Khoe *à Meaning to be (is) Khoe etymology 1 Kxoe (Hukwe) à "is, are (copula)"; -ʔa "to be" Naro a (B.) References Bleek 1; KH.

Number 2 Proto-West Khoe *a Meaning particle (repet. of tense) Khoe etymology 2 Naro a (B.) References Bleek 3.

Number 3 Proto-West Khoe *a Meaning relative pronoun Khoe etymology 0 Naro a (B.) References Bleek 4.

Number 4 Proto-West Khoe *á Meaning that Khoe etymology 2 //Ani ʔá-tè Kxoe (Hukwe) á "this here"; ʔá (Kö.) Naro ãá //Gana ʔá-séá #Haba ʔà-sá-hà References KH; Visser 1; Vossen 252, 253, 254.

Number 5 Proto-West Khoe *ábà Meaning to carry (esp. child on the back); to bear (child) Khoe etymology 3 //Ani ʔábà Kxoe (Hukwe) ábà; ʔábà (Kö.) Buga ʔábà |Ganda ʔábà Naro ábà; aba (B.); ábà (Ba.) |Gwi ʔábà; !ába (Ta.) //Gana ʔábà; ába (Ta.) #Haba ʔábà References Barnard 130-131; Bleek 5; Tanaka 11; Visser 1; Vossen 440.

Number 6 Proto-West Khoe *ábà Meaning dog Khoe etymology 4 Kxoe (Hukwe) áapa; ʔápȧ (Kö.); âpa (Bau.) Buga ʔápà |Ganda ʔápà 5

Naro aoókù, auúgù (Ba.) |Gwi aba (Ta.) //Gana ʔábà Notes According to Vossen, the -p- in Buga, etc. is irregular. References Barnard 42; KH; Tanaka 29; Vossen 453.

Number 7 Proto-West Khoe *ɣáí Meaning mother Khoe etymology 5 Naro áí; eiša, eiše (B.); áí (Ba.); ai (Pa.) |Gwi gyéi (Ta.) //Gana gyéi (Ta.) Tsaukwe ai References Barnard 79; Bleek 6, 38; Tanaka 63; Visser 1.

Number 8 Proto-West Khoe *gùí Meaning to lift Khoe etymology 6 Kxoe (Hukwe) gùí "to take" (Kö.) (?) Naro gùi; gùí (Ba.) |Gwi guí (Ta.) //Gana guí (Ta.) References Barnard 145; Tanaka 57; Visser 29; Vossen 194, 448.

Number 9 Proto-West Khoe *á Meaning to agree Khoe etymology 7 Kxoe (Hukwe) á; ʔá (Kö.) 6

Buga ʔá |Ganda ʔá Notes Kilian-Hatz also has á "greet"; same root? References KH; Vossen 429-430.

Number 10 Proto-West Khoe * Meaning to dress Khoe etymology 8 //Ani ʔ Kxoe (Hukwe) ʔã (Kö.) Buga ʔ |Ganda ʔ Naro ane "decorate" (?); ʔ (V.);  (Ba.); ani "to paint" (Schi.) (? < Nama) |Gwi ʔ; ā (Ta.) //Gana ʔ; ā (Ta.) #Haba ʔ References Barnard 136; Bleek 10; Tanaka 29; Visser 2; Vossen 498.

Number 11 Proto-West Khoe *àbó Meaning 1 father; 2 old man Khoe etymology 9 Naro àbo, ào; awa 1 (B.); aume/a, voc. aba 1, 2 (B.); àú, àó 1 (Ba.) Tsaukwe aba References Barnard 79; Bleek 5, 12; Visser 1, 2.

Number 12 Proto-West Khoe *a Meaning to throw (away) 7

Khoe etymology 0 Naro aa-xu; auxu (B.); au (Ba.) References Barnard 158; Bleek 12; Visser 1.

Number 13 Proto-West Khoe *arV- Meaning dog Khoe etymology 11 //Ani ʔérìkù Kxoe (Hukwe) ălīkō (W.) (?) Naro arugu (Schi.) |Gwi hárúgù; arugu (Ta.) #Haba hǎrúgù References Bleek 9, 11; Tanaka 29; Vossen 150, 167.

Number 14 Proto-West Khoe *au Meaning to give Khoe etymology 12 Naro au; au (B.); ou, au (Ba.) References Barnard 140; Bleek 1, 2; Visser 2.

Number 15 Proto-West Khoe *bàrá Meaning to swim Khoe etymology 13 //Ani bàdá Kxoe (Hukwe) bàràá; bàdá (Kö.) Buga bàdá Naro bàdá; bàrá (Ba.) Notes Is this the same as Naro bra "go through"? 8

References Barnard 156; KH; Visser 2; Vossen 490.

Number 16 Proto-West Khoe *bàrà Meaning rainy season Khoe etymology 14 Kxoe (Hukwe) bàràa "begin (of rainy season)"; bàrà-kúrí "rainy season" Naro bada-sa (Ba.) References Barnard 126; KH.

Number 17 Proto-West Khoe *b Meaning to move/run away Khoe etymology 15 //Ani b Kxoe (Hukwe) bɛ; b (Kö.) Buga b |Ganda b Naro bèe-kxʔao "refugee"; (?) bēbē "to rush" (B.) |Gwi bě //Gana bè References Bleek 15; KH; Visser 3; Vossen 431.

Number 18 Proto-West Khoe *beje Meaning horse, zebra Khoe etymology 16 Kxoe (Hukwe) bèyèé; bie "quagga" (Bal.); bihe "id." (Zuk.) Naro bìi; biie "zebra, horse" (Ba.) Tsaukwe bia "horse" References Barnard 39; Bleek 16; KH; Visser 3. 9

Number 19 Proto-West Khoe *bó Meaning hatchet Khoe etymology 17 //Ani bó Kxoe (Hukwe) bó Buga bǒ |Ganda bó Naro bòó; bǒ, bòó (Ba.) |Gwi bó; bô (Ta.) //Gana bó; bô (Ta.) #Haba bǒ Tsaukwe bo References Barnard 103; Bleek 16; KH; Tanaka 8; Visser 3; Vossen 421.

Number 20 Proto-West Khoe *bǔ Meaning to bark Khoe etymology 18 //Ani bǔ Kxoe (Hukwe) buú Buga bǔ Naro bùú; bǔ (V.) |Gwi bu (Ta.) //Gana bu (Ta.) #Haba bǔ References Bleek 16; KH; Tanaka 10; Visser 4; Vossen 422.

Number 21 Proto-West Khoe *cʔâ 10

Meaning penis Khoe etymology 19 //Ani cʔâ #Haba cʔâ "Penis, Hodensack" References Vossen 474.

Number 22 Proto-West Khoe *cʔ Meaning to steal Khoe etymology 20 //Ani cʔ Kxoe (Hukwe) cʔ (Kö.) Buga cʔ |Ganda cʔ Naro cʔ (V.); tsã, tsʔa (Ba.) |Gwi cʔ; tsa (Ta.) //Gana cʔ; tsa (Ta.) #Haba cʔ References Barnard 156; Tanaka 92; Vossen 495.

Number 23 Proto-West Khoe *cʔê Meaning sharp Khoe etymology 21 //Ani cʔ Buga cʔ Naro cʔê (V.); tsʔee, tsse (Ba.) |Gwi tsē (Ta.) //Gana cʔê; tsē (Ta.) #Haba cʔê References Barnard 119; Tanaka 85; Vossen 483.

Number 24 Proto-West Khoe *cʔán[ì] Meaning smoke; to smoke Khoe etymology 22 //Ani cʔánì Kxoe (Hukwe) cʔánì Buga cʔánì |Ganda cʔánì Naro cʔínì (V.) |Gwi cʔn; chene (Ta.) //Gana cʔínì; chene (Ta.) #Haba cʔínì References KH; Tanaka 88; Vossen 476.

Number 25 Proto-West Khoe *cʔáó Meaning to milk Khoe etymology 23 Naro cʔáó (V.); tsàó, tsàú (Ba.) |Gwi cʔáò #Haba cʔáó References Barnard 146; Vossen 466.

Number 26 Proto-West Khoe *cʔáó Meaning sandy place Khoe etymology 24 //Ani cʔàó Kxoe (Hukwe) cʔáó (Kö.) Buga cʔáó |Ganda cʔáó 12

#Haba cʔáó References Vossen 442.

Number 27 Proto-West Khoe *cʔárú Meaning kidney Khoe etymology 25 //Ani cʔàdú Kxoe (Hukwe) cʔédú (Kö.) Buga cʔádú |Ganda cʔádú References Vossen 471-72.

Number 28 Proto-West Khoe *cʔî Meaning to limp Khoe etymology 26 //Ani cʔî Buga cʔî |Ganda cʔî Naro cʔî (V.) |Gwi cʔî #Haba cʔî References Barnard 145; Vossen 450.

Number 29 Proto-West Khoe *cʔó Meaning to decay, rot Khoe etymology 27 //Ani cʔó Kxoe (Hukwe) cʔó (Kö.) 13

Buga cʔó |Ganda cʔó Naro cʔó (V.) |Gwi cʔòdó; churu (Ta.) //Gana cʔódó; churu (Ta.) #Haba cʔódó References Barnard 135; Tanaka 80; Vossen 500.

Number 30 Proto-West Khoe *cʔóḿ Meaning lip (upper) Khoe etymology 28 //Ani cʔòḿ Buga cʔóḿ |Ganda cʔúḿ Naro tšum (B.); tsum (Ba.) //Gana tsom (Ta.) #Haba cʔúḿ Notes Irregular -u- in |Ganda and ǂHaba? References Barnard 64; Bleek 237; Tanaka 57; Vossen 464.

Number 31 Proto-West Khoe *cá Meaning thou (m.) Khoe etymology 29 //Ani cá Kxoe (Hukwe) ćá; tҫá (Kö.) Buga cá |Ganda cá Naro cá(-ci) (V.) |Gwi cí //Gana câ; cáè (Kö.) 14

#Haba câ; cáè (Kö.) References KH; Vossen 234-250.

Number 32 Proto-West Khoe *cà Meaning to be ill Khoe etymology 30 //Ani cǎ Kxoe (Hukwe) tҫǎ (Kö.) Buga câ |Ganda cà Naro cà (V.); tsàà (Ba.) |Gwi cǎ; tsâ (Ta.) //Gana cà; tsâ (Ta.) References Barnard 143; Tanaka 50; Vossen 459.

Number 33 Proto-West Khoe *c Meaning meat broth Khoe etymology 31 //Ani c Kxoe (Hukwe) tҫ (Kö.) Buga c References Vossen 436.

Number 34 Proto-West Khoe *c Meaning to cook (boil) Khoe etymology 32 //Ani c-ŋgù Kxoe (Hukwe) śĩĩ 15

Naro c-xú (V.); tsâ, ts "to boil", ts-xú "to cook" (Ba.) |Gwi c-xù; tsà "to boil" (Ta.) //Gana c-xò; tsà "to boil" (Ta.) #Haba c-xú References Barnard 133; KH; Tanaka 15; Vossen 458.

Number 35 Proto-West Khoe *cáḿ Meaning to creep up Khoe etymology 33 //Ani cáḿ Kxoe (Hukwe) tҫáḿ (Kö.) Buga cáḿ |Ganda cáḿ Naro cáḿ (V.) |Gwi cáḿ; tsam (Ta.) //Gana cáḿ; tsam (Ta.) #Haba cáḿ References Tanaka 25; Vossen 423.

Number 36 Proto-West Khoe *cáó Meaning tail Khoe etymology 34 //Ani cáó Kxoe (Hukwe) ćáó; tҫáó (Kö.) Buga cáó |Ganda cáó Naro cáó (V.) |Gwi cáó; tseu (Ta.) //Gana cáó; tseu (Ta.) #Haba càó 16

References Barnard 70; KH; Tanaka 95; Vossen 488.

Number 37 Proto-West Khoe *cárú Meaning sour Khoe etymology 35 //Ani cádú Buga cádú References Vossen 482.

Number 38 Proto-West Khoe *cau Meaning to be fat Khoe etymology 36 //Ani cáú Naro tsau (Ba.) |Gwi chaù (Ta.) //Gana chaù (Ta.) References Barnard 116; Tanaka 34; Vossen 1986: 340.

Number 39 Proto-West Khoe *cé Meaning to send Khoe etymology 37 //Ani c Buga cé |Ganda cé Naro cè-ʔú (V.) |Gwi cé //Gana cé #Haba cé 17

References Vossen 484.

Number 40 Proto-West Khoe *cʔí Meaning buttock Khoe etymology 38 //Ani cʔí Buga cʔǐ |Ganda cʔí Naro cʔí (V.); tsì (Ba.) |Gwi cʔí; chì (Ta.) //Gana cʔì; chì (Ta.) #Haba cʔí References Barnard 65; Tanaka 18; Vossen 442.

Number 41 Proto-West Khoe *cĩ Meaning to sneeze Khoe etymology 39 //Ani c Kxoe (Hukwe) ś Buga c |Ganda c Naro c (V.) |Gwi c //Gana c #Haba c References KH; Vossen 472.

Number 42 Proto-West Khoe *cô 18

Meaning medicine; to treat Khoe etymology 40 //Ani cô Kxoe (Hukwe) tҫô (Kö.) Buga cô |Ganda cô Naro cô (V.); tsô, tshô (Ba.) |Gwi cô; chū (Ta.) //Gana cô; chū (Ta.) #Haba cô References Barnard 85; Tanaka 61; Vossen 466.

Number 43 Proto-West Khoe *còḿ Meaning to sprout Khoe etymology 41 //Ani còḿ Kxoe (Hukwe) tҫòḿ (Kö.) Naro cḿ (V.); tsm, tsòm (Ba.) #Haba cḿ References Barnard 141; Vossen 455.

Number 44 Proto-West Khoe *córó Meaning shell, pod Khoe etymology 42 //Ani códó Kxoe (Hukwe) tҫódó (Kö.) Buga códó |Ganda códó Naro códó (V.); tsóró (Ba.) |Gwi churu "peel" (Ta.) 19

//Gana churu "peel" (Ta.) #Haba códó References Barnard 47; Tanaka 71; Vossen 483.

Number 45 Proto-West Khoe *cu Meaning excrement; dirt Khoe etymology 43 //Ani cǔ Kxoe (Hukwe) tҫǔ (Kö.); tšū (W.) Buga chǔ |Ganda cù Naro cǔ (V.) |Gwi cǔ #Haba cú Notes Irregular tsh- in Buga. References Bleek 236; Vossen 434.

Number 46 Proto-West Khoe *chǎ Meaning water Khoe etymology 44 //Ani chǎ Kxoe (Hukwe) śàá; ҫǎ (Kö.) Buga chǎ |Ganda chà Naro chà (V.); tsà, tshà (Ba.) |Gwi châ; tsà (Ta.) //Gana châ; tsà (Ta.) #Haba chá References Barnard 36; KH; Tanaka 105; Vossen 505.

Number 47 Proto-West Khoe *ch Meaning scent Khoe etymology 45 //Ani ch Kxoe (Hukwe) śĩĩ "to stink"; ҫ (Kö.) Buga ch |Ganda ch Naro ch (V.) //Gana c References KH; Vossen 429.

Number 48 Proto-West Khoe *chàó Meaning to dig Khoe etymology 46 //Ani chàó Kxoe (Hukwe) śàó Buga chàó Naro chàó (V.); tsàó, tsàú (Ba.) |Gwi caó (Ta.) //Gana cháò; tsaó (Ta.) #Haba cháó References Barnard 135; KH; Tanaka 27; Vossen 444.

Number 49 Proto-West Khoe *chàú Meaning hand Khoe etymology 47 //Ani chàú Kxoe (Hukwe) śèú; ҫèú (Kö.); tšau (W.) 21

Buga chàú |Ganda càú Naro càú (V.); tšau (B.); tsàú, tsòú (Ba.); tsau (Pa.) |Gwi cáú; tseu (Ta.) //Gana cáú; tseu (Ta.) #Haba cáù Tsaukwe tsau References Barnard 66; Bleek 213, 227; KH; Tanaka 44; Vossen 447.

Number 50 Proto-West Khoe *cx Meaning to be tired Khoe etymology 48 //Ani cx Buga cx |Ganda cx |Gwi tsâ (Ta.) //Gana tsâ (Ta.) References Tanaka 98; Vossen 432.

Number 51 Proto-West Khoe *cxô/*cxó Meaning to milk (into mouth) Khoe etymology 49 //Ani cxô; cxó "herausstreichen" Kxoe (Hukwe) tҫxô (Kö.); tҫxó "herausstreichen" (Kö.) Buga cxô |Ganda cxô; cxó "herausstreichen" Naro cxó (V.) |Gwi (?) shàm (Ta.) //Gana (?) sàm (Ta.) #Haba cxó 22

References Tanaka 62; Vossen 466-7.

Number 52 Proto-West Khoe *cxúnì Meaning to slide Khoe etymology 50 //Ani sóǹ Kxoe (Hukwe) śóǹ "slide along the ground on oneʔs buttocks"; ҫon (Kö.) Buga sṹ |Ganda sṹ Naro cxùnì (V.) #Haba cxúnì References KH; Vossen 480.

Number 53 Proto-West Khoe *dV Meaning interr. base Khoe etymology 51 Kxoe (Hukwe) ndéú-xu Buga ndú "what?" Naro di "who?", du "what?" (V.) |Gwi dí "who? which?" //Gana dí "who? which?", dǔ "what?" References KH; Vossen 261-265.

Number 54 Proto-West Khoe *dam Meaning tortoise Khoe etymology 52 Naro dam(a) (Ba.) |Gwi gyàm (Ta.) 23

//Gana dàm (Ta.) References Barnard 41; Tanaka 99.

Number 55 Proto-West Khoe *dàní Meaning bee Khoe etymology 53 //Ani dánì Kxoe (Hukwe) dìnǐ (Kö.) Buga dání |Ganda dánì Naro dìní (V.); dèné (Ba.) |Gwi dìnì; gine (Ta.) //Gana dìnì; gine (Ta.) #Haba dìní References Barnard 44; Tanaka 11; Vossen 423.

Number 56 Proto-West Khoe *dao Meaning to burn Khoe etymology 54 //Ani dáò Kxoe (Hukwe) daó; dàó (Kö.) Buga dáò |Ganda dàò Naro dàó (V.); tàú, dàú (Ba.) |Gwi díò; gyó (Ta.) //Gana dáó; daó (Ta.) #Haba díò References Barnard 131; Tanaka 17; Vossen 500.

Number 57 Proto-West Khoe *dáò Meaning road, path Khoe etymology 55 //Ani dáò Kxoe (Hukwe) dáó; dau (W.) Buga dáò |Ganda dáù Naro dáò (V.); dáò, dáù (Ba.) |Gwi díó; ʒɨo (Na.); gyô (Ta.) //Gana dáò; dâo (Na.); dáo (Ta.) #Haba díó Tsaukwe dau References Barnard 35; Bleek 22; KH; Nakagawa 1998: 249; Tanaka 80; Vossen 493-4.

Number 58 Proto-West Khoe *dau Meaning banded mongoose Khoe etymology 56 Naro dauha (Ba.); dau xarasi (Sh.) References Barnard 40; Bleek 23.

Number 59 Proto-West Khoe *de Meaning to press, step Khoe etymology 57 Naro de "to step upon, press down" (B.); dee "to press" (Ba.) References Barnard 149; Bleek 23.

Number 60 25

Proto-West Khoe *debi Meaning to return home Khoe etymology 58 //Ani dàbí "drehen, wenden" Naro dèbí (Ba.) References Barnard 150; Vossen 194.

Number 61 Proto-West Khoe *dene Meaning to lick Khoe etymology 59 |Gwi gine (Ta.) //Gana gine (Ta.) References Tanaka 57.

Number 62 Proto-West Khoe *dàḿ Meaning tongue Khoe etymology 60 //Ani dàḿ Kxoe (Hukwe) dàḿ; dăm (W.) Buga dàḿ |Ganda dà Naro dàḿ (V.); tm, dǎm(á) (Ba.) |Gwi gyà; gyam (Ta.) //Gana dáḿ; dam (Ta.) #Haba dáḿ References Barnard 64; Bleek 21; KH; Tanaka 99; Vossen 510.

Number 63 Proto-West Khoe *tábè 26

Meaning to shine, flash; lightning Khoe etymology 61 Kxoe (Hukwe) tɛwɛ (Ha.) Naro tábè "to flash", túú.sá (ko) tábè "lightning" (Ba.); tewe (Ha.) References Barnard 32, 139; Haacke 1997: 162.

Number 64 Proto-West Khoe *dóà Meaning kudu Khoe etymology 62 //Ani dóà Kxoe (Hukwe) dóá (Kö.) Buga dóá |Ganda dóà |Gwi gyuwa (Ta.) //Gana dúà; gyuwa (Ta.) References Tanaka 54; Vossen 460.

Number 65 Proto-West Khoe *dòá Meaning grass Khoe etymology 63 //Ani dòá Kxoe (Hukwe) dǒǎ (Kö.); dŏa (W.) Buga dòá |Ganda dòá References Bleek 27; Vossen 445.

Number 66 Proto-West Khoe *dobe Meaning salt 27

Khoe etymology 64 //Ani dóbè Kxoe (Hukwe) dòbèe; dòbě (Kö.) Buga dòbé Naro db (V.); dbé (Ba.) |Gwi db; dabè (Ta.) //Gana dbè; dabè (Ta.) #Haba dàbé References Barnard 98; KH; Tanaka 82; Vossen 481.

Number 67 Proto-West Khoe *dõẽ Meaning to carry; to scoop Khoe etymology 65 Naro dõẽ "to scoop, shovel"; dwẽ "to carry in the arms" (B.); duẽ "to carry in bag" (Ba.) References Barnard 132; Bleek 30; Visser 18.

Number 68 Proto-West Khoe *dòró Meaning to kindle fire; tinderbox Khoe etymology 66 //Ani dòdó Kxoe (Hukwe) dòdó (Kö.) Buga dòdó |Ganda dòdó Naro dòdó (V.); tòró, dòró "firemaking stick, tinderbox" (Ba.) //Gana dúdù #Haba dódò References Barnard 110; Vossen 435.

Number 69 Proto-West Khoe *dû Meaning eland Khoe etymology 67 //Ani dû Kxoe (Hukwe) dú (Kö.) Buga dú |Ganda dú Naro dû (V.); dúù (Ba.) |Gwi dû; gyu (Ta.) //Gana dû "duiker"; gyu (Ta.) #Haba dû Tsaukwe du References Barnard 39; Bleek 28; Tanaka 32; Vossen 430.

Number 70 Proto-West Khoe *duru Meaning rat, mouse Khoe etymology 68 Kxoe (Hukwe) gã-durub "striped rat" (Sh.) References Bleek 42.

Number 71 Proto-West Khoe *debu Meaning to cover Khoe etymology 69 |Gwi debu (Ta.) //Gana debu (Ta.) References Tanaka 24.

Number 72 29

Proto-West Khoe *dó Meaning throat Khoe etymology 70 //Ani dó Kxoe (Hukwe) dòḿ (Kö.) Buga dó |Ganda dó Naro dó (V.); dôm, dùm, tòm (Ba.) |Gwi gyom-ǂna (Ta.) //Gana gyom-ǂna (Ta.) #Haba dyó References Barnard 34, 35, 64; Tanaka 98; Vossen 455.

Number 73 Proto-West Khoe *aU Meaning time; long time Khoe etymology 71 Naro auše "time, a long time" (B.) //Gana aō "long time" (Ta.) References Bleek 12; Tanaka 58.

Number 74 Proto-West Khoe *gárà Meaning tree bark Khoe etymology 72 //Gana gádà References Vossen 452.

Number 75 Proto-West Khoe *gòbó Meaning navel 30

Khoe etymology 73 //Ani góbó "Unterleib, Hängebauch" Kxoe (Hukwe) gòbó (Kö.) Buga gòbó |Ganda gòbó References Vossen 469.

Number 76 Proto-West Khoe *gõẽ Meaning kidney Khoe etymology 74 |Gwi goen (Ta.) //Gana goen (Ta.) References Tanaka 54.

Number 77 Proto-West Khoe *gó Meaning cow, ox Khoe etymology 75 //Ani gó Kxoe (Hukwe) gó (Kö.) Buga gó |Ganda gó Naro góè (V.); gúè (Ba.) |Gwi gúè; gúe (Ta.) //Gana gúe (Ta.) #Haba gúè Tsaukwe góë References Barnard 41; Bleek 48; Tanaka 24; Vossen 478.

Number 78 31

Proto-West Khoe *gǔ Meaning sheep Khoe etymology 76 //Ani gû Kxoe (Hukwe) gǔ (Kö.) Buga gù |Ganda gù Naro gǔ (V.); gùú (Ba.) |Gwi gǔ; gû (Ta.) //Gana gù; gû (Ta.) #Haba gǔ References Barnard 42; Tanaka 85; Vossen 483.

Number 79 Proto-West Khoe *guni Meaning to hunt Khoe etymology 77 //Ani guénì Kxoe (Hukwe) gùnǐ "to go hunting" (Kö.) Buga gùní |Ganda gúní References Vossen 454.

Number 80 Proto-West Khoe *gure Meaning bark Khoe etymology 78 |Gwi gure (Ta.) //Gana gure (Ta.) References Tanaka 10.

Number 81 Proto-West Khoe *hǎ Meaning to come Khoe etymology 79 //Ani hǎ Kxoe (Hukwe) yaá; yǎ (Kö.) Buga hâ Naro hâ (V.); -haʷ (B.); háà, hà (Ba.); ha (Schi.) |Gwi hâ; à (Ta.) //Gana hâ; à (Ta.) #Haba hǎ References Barnard 133; Bleek 54; Tanaka 23; Vossen 458.

Number 82 Proto-West Khoe *haka Meaning four Khoe etymology 80 //Ani hàtsá Naro hàkà (V.) |Gwi hátsà References Barnard 122; Vossen 503.

Number 83 Proto-West Khoe *hàré Meaning to draw water Khoe etymology 81 //Ani yàdé, hàdé Kxoe (Hukwe) yàdě (Kö.) Buga yàdé |Ganda yàdè Naro hre; haré, aré "fetch water" (Ba.) References Barnard 138; Visser 1998: 130; Vossen 451. 33

Number 84 Proto-West Khoe *h Meaning to do Khoe etymology 82 //Ani h Kxoe (Hukwe) h (Kö.) Buga h Naro hẽ; hĩ, hii (B.) |Gwi hèn (Ta.) //Gana hèn (Ta.) References Bleek 60; Tanaka 28; Visser 31; Vossen 465.

Number 85 Proto-West Khoe *m Meaning to smell Khoe etymology 83 Naro m (V.) |Gwi ;  (Ta.) //Gana m;  (Ta.) #Haba m References Barnard 154; Tanaka 88; Vossen 477-78.

Number 86 Proto-West Khoe *wé- Meaning all Khoe etymology 84 Kxoe (Hukwe) yó-kà-xa Naro we-, waxa (B.); úé-(xà) (Ba.); uexu (Schi.); hoe(n), ue(ni) (Ha.) |Gwi wéha (Ta.) //Gana wékae (Ta.) 34

References Barnard 114; Bleek 247; Haacke 1997: 159; KH; Tanaka 4.

Number 87 Proto-West Khoe *i Meaning that Khoe etymology 85 Kxoe (Hukwe) ʔí "that (f.)" (Kö.) Naro ʔì-sí-hà "that" (V.) References Vossen 252, 254, 255.

Number 88 Proto-West Khoe *jábà Meaning to wish Khoe etymology 86 Kxoe (Hukwe) yábà (Kö.) Buga yábà |Ganda yábà References Vossen 501.

Number 89 Proto-West Khoe *jě Meaning hole Khoe etymology 87 //Ani ʔɛ Kxoe (Hukwe) y (Kö.) Buga yě |Ganda yě Naro -iš(e) (B.); ààé, hàé (Ba.) |Gwi hàé; haè (Ta.) //Gana hàé; haè (Ta.) #Haba h 35

References Barnard 34; Bleek 7; Tanaka 47; Vossen 432.

Number 90 Proto-West Khoe *jǐ Meaning tree Khoe etymology 88 //Ani yǐ Kxoe (Hukwe) yìi; yǐ (Kö.) Buga yǐ |Ganda yì Naro yǐ (V.); hìí (Ba.) |Gwi yì; î (Ta.) //Gana yì; î (Ta.) #Haba yǐ Tsaukwe i References Barnard 48; Bleek 68; KH; Tanaka 100; Vossen 419.

Number 91 Proto-West Khoe *ka Meaning to bite Khoe etymology 89 Naro k (V.); ká (Ba.) References Barnard 130.

Number 92 Proto-West Khoe *qábà Meaning new Khoe etymology 90 Naro kba; kbá (Ba.) |Gwi qábà; kaba (Ta.) //Gana qábà; kaba (Ta.) 36

Notes Cf. also |Gui qábá "new moon". References Barnard 118; Tanaka 64; Visser 1998: 130; Vossen 1992: 382, 386.

Number 93 Proto-West Khoe *kabi Meaning to turn over Khoe etymology 91 Naro kbi "return"; kb (V.); kàbí (Ba.) #Haba gábì "to turn over" Notes The ǂHaba form belongs either here or to PCKH *!nábí "to overturn", although there are irregularities in both cases. References Barnard 159; Visser 1998: 130; Vossen 498.

Number 94 Proto-West Khoe *káí Meaning big, many Khoe etymology 92 Naro káí (V.) References Barnard 115; KH; Vossen 445.

Number 95 Proto-West Khoe *káó Meaning backside Khoe etymology 93 Kxoe (Hukwe) káó (Kö.) Naro káó(-kà) (V.) |Gwi káó(-kà); kaoka "backward" (Ta.) //Gana kaoka "backward" (Ta.) #Haba káò(-kà) References Tanaka 9; Vossen 479-480. 37

Number 96 Proto-West Khoe *kúrí Meaning year Khoe etymology 94 //Ani kúdí Kxoe (Hukwe) kúrí; kúdí (Kö.) Buga kúdí |Ganda kúdí Naro kúdí (V.); kúrí (Ba.) |Gwi kúdí; kuri (Ta.) //Gana kúdí; kuri (Ta.) #Haba kúdí References Barnard 125; KH; Tanaka 110; Vossen 454.

Number 97 Proto-West Khoe *kÚḿ Meaning to hear, listen Khoe etymology 95 //Ani kóḿ Kxoe (Hukwe) kóm; kóḿ (Kö.) Buga kóḿ |Ganda kóḿ Naro kúḿ (V.) |Gwi kuáḿ; kuom (Ta.) //Gana kúḿ; kuom (Ta.) #Haba kúḿ Notes Unclear ua in |Gwi. References KH; Tanaka 45; Vossen 452.

Number 98 38

Proto-West Khoe *khṍ Meaning to break Khoe etymology 474 //Ani kh Naro khṍ (V.); kṍ (Ba.) |Gwi (?) !kowa (Ta.) //Gana kowa (Ta.) References Barnard 131; Tanaka 16; Vossen 1986: 342.

Number 99 Proto-West Khoe *khora Meaning to spread (flat) Khoe etymology 96 //Ani khòàdá Kxoe (Hukwe) kxòàdá (Kö.) Buga khòàdá |Ganda khòàdá Naro khádà (V.) #Haba khádà References Vossen 419.

Number 100 Proto-West Khoe *khǒ Meaning skin Khoe etymology 97 //Ani khǒ Kxoe (Hukwe) kxòó; kxò (Kö.) Buga khǒ |Ganda khò Naro khò (V.); khòò, kxòò (Ba.) |Gwi khô; kô (Ta.) //Gana khô; kô (Ta.) 39

#Haba khô Tsaukwe ko References Barnard 69; Bleek 95; KH; Tanaka 88; Vossen 448.

Number 101 Proto-West Khoe *khóbò Meaning warm (to be) Khoe etymology 612 //Ani khóbò Kxoe (Hukwe) kxóbò Buga khóbò |Ganda khóbò Naro khóbò "to sweat" (V.) |Gwi kubu "sweat" (Ta.) //Gana kubu "sweat" (Ta.) References KH; Tanaka 94; Vossen 505.

Number 102 Proto-West Khoe *khóé Meaning person Khoe etymology 98 //Ani khóé Kxoe (Hukwe) kxóé; khwe (Bau.); khui "man" (W.) Buga khóé |Ganda khóé Naro khóè (V.); kwe, pl. kwena, kwene, kweane (B.); khùè "person" (Ba.) |Gwi khóé; kue (Ta.) //Gana khóè; kue (Ta.) #Haba khóè References Barnard 70; Bleek 90, 112; KH; Tanaka 71; Vossen 409.

Number 103 Proto-West Khoe *kxâ Meaning to drink Khoe etymology 99 //Ani kxʔâ Kxoe (Hukwe) kxʔáà Buga kxʔâ |Ganda kxʔâ Naro kxʔâ (V.); kxʔáà, kʔáà (Ba.) |Gwi kxʔâ; kxxá (Ta.) //Gana kxʔâ; kxxá (Ta.) #Haba kxʔâ References Barnard 136; KH; Tanaka 30; Vossen 497.

Number 104 Proto-West Khoe *kxàbá Meaning calabash, gourd Khoe etymology 100 Naro kʔàbá, kxʔàbá, ǁaba (Ba.) References Barnard 105.

Number 105 Proto-West Khoe *kxáí Meaning face; surface Khoe etymology 101 //Ani kxʔáí Kxoe (Hukwe) kxʔéí (Kö.) Naro kxʔéí (V.); kxʔéé, kxʔéí, kxʔáí, ǂkxe (Ba.) |Gwi kxʔéí; kxi-osha (Ta.) //Gana kxʔáí; kxai-osha (Ta.) #Haba kxʔáí 41

References Barnard 63; Tanaka 34; Vossen 442.

Number 106 Proto-West Khoe *kxá Meaning to laugh Khoe etymology 102 //Ani kxʔ Kxoe (Hukwe) kxʔ (Kö.) Buga kxʔ |Ganda kxʔ Naro kxʔ (V.) |Gwi kxʔ; !kxáen (Ta.) //Gana kxʔ; kxáen (Ta.) #Haba kxʔ Notes Cf. also Naro !kaa "laugh (intr.)"; ǁkxe "to laugh at" (Ba.). References Barnard 144; Tanaka 55; Vossen 461.

Number 107 Proto-West Khoe *kxáòm Meaning right; true Khoe etymology 103 Naro kxʔáò-m (V.); kʔáù, kxʔáù "right" (Ba.) |Gwi kxaom-ǂoe (Ta.) //Gana kxaom-ǂoe (Ta.) References Barnard 119; Tanaka 79.

Number 108 Proto-West Khoe *kxáḿ Meaning mouth Khoe etymology 104 //Ani kxʔáḿ 42

Kxoe (Hukwe) kxʔáḿ Buga kxʔáḿ |Ganda kxʔáḿ Naro kxʔáḿ (V.); kxʔám, kʔám (Ba.) |Gwi kxʔáḿ; kxam (Ta.) //Gana kxʔáḿ; kxam (Ta.) #Haba kxʔáḿ References Barnard 64; KH; Tanaka 63; Vossen 468.

Number 109 Proto-West Khoe *kx Meaning vulture Khoe etymology 105 //Ani kxʔ Kxoe (Hukwe) kxʔ (Kö.) Buga kxʔ |Ganda kxʔ Naro kxʔãẽ; kxʔ (V.); kʔ (Ba.) |Gwi kxʔ; kxaen (Ta.) //Gana kxʔ; kxaen (Ta.) #Haba kxʔ References Barnard 43; Tanaka 104; Visser 1998: 134; Vossen 441-42.

Number 110 Proto-West Khoe *kxáó Meaning arrow Khoe etymology 106 //Ani kxʔáó Kxoe (Hukwe) kxʔao "tip of arrow" (Ha.) Buga kxʔáó |Ganda kxʔáó Naro kxʔáó (V.) 43

|Gwi kxʔáó; kxao (Ta.) //Gana kxʔáó; kxao (Ta.) #Haba kxʔáó References Barnard 93; Haacke 1997: 183; Tanaka 6; Vossen 475.

Number 111 Proto-West Khoe *kxáò Meaning man, manly Khoe etymology 107 //Ani kxʔáò Kxoe (Hukwe) kxʔáò; kchaukwe (Sei.) Buga kxʔáò Naro kxʔáò (V.); kʔáù-khùè (Ba.) |Gwi kxʔáò; kxao-kue (Ta.) //Gana kxʔáó; kxao-kue (Ta.) #Haba kxʔáò Tsaukwe kchau kwe References Barnard 70; Bleek 96; KH; Tanaka 60; Vossen 465-6.

Number 112 Proto-West Khoe *kxárá Meaning impala Khoe etymology 108 //Ani kxʔádá Kxoe (Hukwe) kxʔádá (Kö.) Buga kxʔádá |Ganda kxʔádá References Vossen 453.

Number 113 Proto-West Khoe *kxáú 44

Meaning bitter Khoe etymology 109 //Ani kxʔàú Kxoe (Hukwe) kxʔéú (Kö.) Buga kxʔáú |Ganda kxʔáú Naro kxʔáú (V.) |Gwi ekxau (Ta.) //Gana ekxau (Ta.) #Haba kxʔáú References Tanaka 13; Vossen 424.

Number 114 Proto-West Khoe *kx Meaning liver Khoe etymology 110 //Ani kxʔ Kxoe (Hukwe) kxʔã (Kö.) Buga kxʔ |Ganda kxʔ Naro kxʔ; kxʔ (V.); kxʔi, kxʔ (Ba.) |Gwi kʔ; !kaèn (Ta.) //Gana kʔ; !kaèn (Ta.) #Haba kʔ References Barnard 67; Tanaka 58; Visser 1998: 134; Vossen 462-63.

Number 115 Proto-West Khoe *kx Meaning to cry, sound, weep Khoe etymology 111 //Ani kxʔ Kxoe (Hukwe) kxʔ (Kö.) 45

Buga kxʔ |Ganda kxʔé Naro kxʔí (V.); kxʔáé, kxʔéé (Ba.) |Gwi kxʔ; kxae (Ta.) //Gana kxʔê; kxae (Ta.) #Haba kxʔáú References Barnard 134; Tanaka 25; Vossen 487-88.

Number 116 Proto-West Khoe *kxó Meaning (to eat) meat Khoe etymology 112 //Ani kxʔǒ Kxoe (Hukwe) kxʔó "to eat meat", kxʔó-xò "meat" Buga kxʔó |Ganda kxʔó Naro kxʔó (V.); k"oxo "meat", k"ō "to eat meat" (B.); kʔòò, kxʔòò, kʔòxó (Ba.); kʔó, kxʔó "to eat meat" (Ba.) |Gwi kxʔô; kò (Ta.) //Gana kxʔô; kò (Ta.) #Haba kxʔó Notes The verbal meaning seems to be primary, with *kxó-xo "meat" as the noun derivative. References Barnard 69, 137; Bleek 123, 125; KH; Tanaka 31; Vossen 433.

Number 117 Proto-West Khoe *kxóà Meaning new Khoe etymology 113 //Ani kxʔóà Kxoe (Hukwe) kxʔóa; kxʔoa (Ha.) References Haacke 1997: 182; Vossen 471. 46

Number 118 Proto-West Khoe *kxúni Meaning louse Khoe etymology 114 //Ani kxʔùní Kxoe (Hukwe) kxʔúni Buga kxʔúní |Gwi kxʔúní //Gana kxʔúnì References KH; Vossen 462.

Number 119 Proto-West Khoe *kxúí Meaning to speak Khoe etymology 115 //Ani kxʔùí Kxoe (Hukwe) kxʔúí (Kö.) Buga kxʔùí |Ganda kxʔùí Naro kxʔúí (V.); kʔúí, kxʔúí (Ba.) |Gwi kxʔúí; kxoi (Ta.) //Gana kxʔúí; kxoi (Ta.) #Haba kxʔùí References Barnard 155; Tanaka 90; Vossen 493.

Number 120 Proto-West Khoe *kxú Meaning to live Khoe etymology 116 //Ani kxʔṹ 47

Kxoe (Hukwe) kxʔṹ (Kö.) Buga kxʔṹ |Ganda kxʔṹ Naro kxʔṹ (V.) |Gwi kxoyāha (Ta.) //Gana kxʔṹ; kxoyāha (Ta.) #Haba kxʔṹ References Barnard 145; Tanaka 58; Vossen 462.

Number 121 Proto-West Khoe *mâ Meaning head Khoe etymology 117 |Gwi mâ (Ta.) //Gana má; mâ (Ta.) References Tanaka 45; Vossen 458-59.

Number 122 Proto-West Khoe *mâ (*-) Meaning to give Khoe etymology 118 Kxoe (Hukwe) mã "distribute, give as present"; m (Kö.) Naro máà; m (V.); mâ, máà (Ba.) |Gwi mâ; má (Ta.) //Gana m; má (Ta.) #Haba mâ References Barnard 140; KH; Tanaka 41; Visser 45; Vossen 440-41.

Number 123 Proto-West Khoe *ma(ŋ) Meaning interr. base 48

Khoe etymology 119 //Ani ma "who?" Kxoe (Hukwe) màa-xu "who"; m "who?" (Kö.) Buga ma "who? which?" Naro m "what?" (V.) |Gwi m "what?" //Gana mâ "what?" References KH; Vossen 262-265.

Number 124 Proto-West Khoe *m Meaning to say Khoe etymology 120 //Ani m Kxoe (Hukwe) m; m (Kö.) Naro méé; m (V.); míí, m (Ba.) |Gwi me (Ta.) //Gana me (Ta.) #Haba mí References Barnard 152; KH; Tanaka 82; Visser 1998: 128; Vossen 480-81.

Number 125 Proto-West Khoe *m Meaning to see Khoe etymology 121 //Ani m Kxoe (Hukwe) mṹ; m (Kö.); mū (W.) Buga m Naro móò, bóò; mô (V.); m, múù (Ba.) |Gwi m; mó (Ta.) //Gana m; mó (Ta.) #Haba mô 49

References Barnard 152; Bleek 139; Tanaka 84; Visser 3; Vossen 490.

Number 126 Proto-West Khoe *nV Meaning interr. base Khoe etymology 122 //Ani né "what?", ná "which?" Buga ná "which?" References Vossen ...

Number 127 Proto-West Khoe *óè Meaning to answer Khoe etymology 123 //Ani ʔúè Kxoe (Hukwe) ʔóė (Kö.) Buga ʔóè |Ganda ʔúì Naro oe (Ba.) References Barnard 129; Vossen 416.

Number 128 Proto-West Khoe *pá Meaning to bite Khoe etymology 124 //Ani pá Kxoe (Hukwe) pá Buga pá |Ganda pá |Gwi pá; pâ (Ta.) //Gana pá; pâ (Ta.) 50

References KH; Tanaka 13; Vossen 422.

Number 129 Proto-West Khoe *pê Meaning to jump Khoe etymology 125 //Ani pê Kxoe (Hukwe) pė (Kö.) Buga pê |Ganda pê References Vossen 493.

Number 130 Proto-West Khoe *pî Meaning breast, milk Khoe etymology 126 //Ani pî Kxoe (Hukwe) pî "milk" (Kö.); bīʔam "id." (W.) Buga pî |Ganda pî Naro bíì; bíì, píì (Ba.) |Gwi pî //Gana pî "milk" #Haba pî References Barnard 65, 98; Bleek 16; Tanaka 16; Visser 3; Vossen 469.

Number 131 Proto-West Khoe *qǎ Meaning to glow, melt Khoe etymology 127 //Ani qǎ 51

Buga qǎ |Ganda qǎ References Vossen 443.

Number 132 Proto-West Khoe *qà Meaning gall, bile Khoe etymology 128 //Ani qàḿ Kxoe (Hukwe) qàḿ "gall, poison" (Kö.) Buga qà |Ganda qà |Gwi kxambe "gall-bladder" (Ta.) //Gana qà #Haba qàḿ References Tanaka 40; Vossen 440.

Number 133 Proto-West Khoe *qan Meaning to cover (with sand) Khoe etymology 487 //Ani qáń Kxoe (Hukwe) qàn; qàń "sand" (Kö.) |Gwi qàǹ "begraben" References KH; Vossen 421.

Number 134 Proto-West Khoe *qárí Meaning good, pleasant Khoe etymology 129 //Ani qádí 52

Buga qádí |Ganda qádí |Gwi qádè //Gana qádè References Vossen 445.

Number 135 Proto-West Khoe *qóǹ Meaning to stir Khoe etymology 130 //Ani qóǹ References Vossen 498.

Number 136 Proto-West Khoe *sa Meaning 1 to refuse, decline; 2 to miss Khoe etymology 131 //Ani sâ 1; sá 2 Kxoe (Hukwe) śá 1, śáà 2; ҫǎ 2 (Kö.) Buga sâ 1; sá 2 |Ganda sâ 1; sâ 2 //Gana sá 2 #Haba sá 2 Notes Different tonal characteristics in Kxoe may suggest that the two roots are different, but this is very scarce evidence. References KH; Vossen 413, 500-501.

Number 137 Proto-West Khoe *sá Meaning thou (f.) Khoe etymology 132 53

//Ani há(ŋ) Kxoe (Hukwe) h (Kö.) Buga há(ŋ) |Ganda há(ŋ) Naro sá(-sí) (V.) |Gwi sí //Gana sâ; sáè (Kö.) #Haba sâ; sáè (Kö.) Notes Totally irregular *s > *h in the Kxoe group. References Vossen 234-250.

Number 138 Proto-West Khoe *s Meaning to rest Khoe etymology 133 //Ani s Kxoe (Hukwe) ś; ҫ (Kö.) Buga s |Ganda s Naro s (V.) |Gwi s //Gana s #Haba s References KH; Vossen 419.

Number 139 Proto-West Khoe *sáḿ Meaning breast (female); milk Khoe etymology 134 |Gwi shàm "milk" (Ta.) //Gana sáḿ "breast, milk"; sàm "milk" (Ta.) References Tanaka 62; Vossen 438. 54

Number 140 Proto-West Khoe *sáò Meaning your father Khoe etymology 135 //Ani sáò Kxoe (Hukwe) ҫáò (Kö.) Buga sâ |Ganda sáò Naro sáò (V.) //Gana sáò, sáó #Haba sô References Vossen 499-500.

Number 141 Proto-West Khoe *sê Meaning to take Khoe etymology 137 //Ani s Kxoe (Hukwe) ś Buga sê |Ganda sê Naro séè; sê (V.) |Gwi sê; shíe (Ta.) //Gana shíe (Ta.) #Haba sê References Barnard 157; KH; Tanaka 95; Visser 1998: 128; Vossen 471.

Number 142 Proto-West Khoe *ca-m (m.), *sa-m (f.), *kha-m (c.) Meaning we (dual) 55

Khoe etymology 138 //Ani tsóḿ (m.d.); sóḿ (f.d.); kháḿ (c.d.) Kxoe (Hukwe) tҫá (m.d.); ҫá (f.d.); khá (c.d.) (Kö.) Buga tsá (m.d.); yá (f.d.); khá (c.d.) |Ganda tsá (m.d.); yá (f.d.); khá (c.d.) Naro sì-tsáḿ (m.d.); sì-sáḿ (f.d.); sì-kháḿ (c.d.) |Gwi ʔí-tsèbè (m.d.); ʔí-sèbè (f.d.); ʔí-khèbè (c.d.) //Gana ʔí-tsèbè (m.d.); ʔí-sèbè (f.d.); ʔí-khèbè (c.d.) #Haba tsèbè (m.d.); sèbè (f.d.); khèbè (c.d.) References Vossen 234-250.

Number 143 Proto-West Khoe *sírì Meaning your mother Khoe etymology 139 //Ani sídì Kxoe (Hukwe) śíri; ҫídì (Kö.) |Ganda sídì //Gana sídì References KH; Vossen 469.

Number 144 Proto-West Khoe *so Meaning lung Khoe etymology 140 //Ani só Kxoe (Hukwe) śòó(-mà); ҫǒ (Kö.) Buga sǒ |Ganda sù Naro tsó (V.); tsoo (Ba.) |Gwi só; shoshira (Ta.) //Gana sô; shoshira (Ta.) 56

#Haba só Notes Irregular ts- in Nharo. References Barnard 67; KH; Tanaka 59; Vossen 465.

Number 145 Proto-West Khoe *sô Meaning to cut (with knife) Khoe etymology 141 //Ani sô Kxoe (Hukwe) śóò; ҫô (Kö.) Buga sô Naro sô (V.) |Gwi sô; shu (Ta.) //Gana shu (Ta.) #Haba sô References KH; Tanaka 25; Vossen 487.

Number 146 Proto-West Khoe *só Meaning shade, shadow Khoe etymology 142 //Ani só Kxoe (Hukwe) śóm; ҫó (Kö.) Buga só |Ganda só Naro sú (V.) |Gwi sóa; shom (Ta.) //Gana só; som (Ta.) #Haba sú References KH; Tanaka 85; Vossen 484.

Number 147 Proto-West Khoe *sórò Meaning iguana Khoe etymology 143 //Ani sódò Kxoe (Hukwe) śórò; ҫódò (Kö.) Buga sódò |Ganda sódò Naro sódò (V.); sórò (Ba.) |Gwi sádù //Gana sódò #Haba sódò References Barnard 40; Bleek 182; KH; Vossen 463.

Number 148 Proto-West Khoe *súbú Meaning to be light (in weight) Khoe etymology 144 //Ani súbú Kxoe (Hukwe) śùbùú Buga sùbú Naro súbú (V.) |Gwi súbú; shubu (Ta.) //Gana súbú; shubu (Ta.) #Haba súbú References Barnard 117; KH; Tanaka 57; Vossen 463.

Number 149 Proto-West Khoe *súnù Meaning to breathe, inhale Khoe etymology 145 Naro súnù (V.); súnù, sónò (Ba.) 58

|Gwi súnù References Barnard 131; Vossen 417.

Number 150 Proto-West Khoe *tan Meaning to stand up, rise Khoe etymology 146 //Ani tàń Kxoe (Hukwe) tàń (Kö.) Buga táń |Gwi tàń; kyán (Ta.) //Gana tán (Ta.) #Haba tìń References Tanaka 79; Vossen 418.

Number 151 Proto-West Khoe *táó Meaning to trample Khoe etymology 147 //Ani tàó Kxoe (Hukwe) táó (Kö.) Buga táó |Ganda táó Naro táó (V.); táú (Ba.) |Gwi táó //Gana táó #Haba tíó References Barnard 155; Vossen 494.

Number 152 Proto-West Khoe *té 59

Meaning to stand Khoe etymology 148 //Ani t Kxoe (Hukwe) t Buga t |Ganda t Naro t (V.); t (Ba.) |Gwi té; kiè "to be" (Ta.) //Gana tê; kiè(na) "to be" (Ta.) References Barnard 155; Bleek 200; KH; Tanaka 10; Vossen 495.

Number 153 Proto-West Khoe *tetebe Meaning butterfly Khoe etymology 150 Naro tétébè (V.); tabetabe (Ba.) |Gwi kiekebe (Ta.) //Gana kiekebe (Ta.) References Barnard 44; Tanaka 18.

Number 154 Proto-West Khoe *t Meaning thigh Khoe etymology 151 //Ani t Buga tî "leg" |Ganda tî "leg, thigh" Naro t; t (V.); t, t (Ba.) |Gwi ky; kíen (Ta.) //Gana k; kíen (Ta.) #Haba t References Barnard 67; Tanaka 97; Visser 1998: 134; Vossen 473. 60

Number 155 Proto-West Khoe *ti Meaning I, me Khoe etymology 152 //Ani tí Kxoe (Hukwe) tí Buga tí |Ganda tí Naro tíyá, tírá (V.); tí, tírá (Ba.) |Gwi tírè; tyírè (Kö.); kere (Ta.) //Gana tê; tyíè (Kö.); ke (Ta.) #Haba tí; tyírè (Kö.) References Barnard 18; Bleek 229; KH; Tanaka 50; Vossen 234, 238, 239, etc.

Number 156 Proto-West Khoe *tó Meaning to swallow Khoe etymology 153 //Ani tó Kxoe (Hukwe) tó (Kö.) Buga tó |Ganda tó Naro tó (V.); tûm (Ba.) |Gwi kyom (Ta.) //Gana kyom (Ta.) #Haba tú References Barnard 156; Tanaka 94; Vossen 502.

Number 157 61

Proto-West Khoe *tú Meaning rain; to rain Khoe etymology 154 //Ani tú Kxoe (Hukwe) tú Buga tǔ |Ganda tú Naro tú (V.); túú, dúú (Ba.) |Gwi tú; cuu (Na.); kyū "rain", kyu-ko "cloud" (Ta.) //Gana cuu (Na.); kyū "rain", kyu-ko "cloud" (Ta.) #Haba tú Tsaukwe tu Notes Cf. also ǁAni tû "to overflood?" References Barnard 33; Bleek 239; KH; Nakagawa 1998: 249; Tanaka 77; Vossen 477; Vossen 1986: 334.

Number 158 Proto-West Khoe *thàḿ Meaning soft Khoe etymology 155 //Ani thàḿ Kxoe (Hukwe) thàḿ (Kö.) Buga thàḿ |Ganda thàḿ Naro thàḿ (V.) |Gwi chém (Na.); kyam (Ta.) //Gana thám (Na.); tam (Ta.) #Haba thá References Nakagawa 1998: 249; Tanaka 89; Vossen 506.

Number 159 Proto-West Khoe *tháú 62

Meaning ashes Khoe etymology 156 //Ani thàú "flame" Kxoe (Hukwe) théú "Feuerschwamm" (Kö.) Naro tháú (V.); tóú, táú (Ba.) //Gana tháú #Haba tháú References Barnard 108; Vossen 416.

Number 160 Proto-West Khoe *thǔ Meaning night Khoe etymology 157 //Ani thǔ Kxoe (Hukwe) thùú; thǔ (Kö.) Buga thǔ |Ganda thǔ References KH; Vossen 470.

Number 161 Proto-West Khoe *th Meaning to hurt, ache Khoe etymology 158 //Ani th Kxoe (Hukwe) th (Kö.) Buga th |Ganda th Naro th (V.); thṍ (Ba.); th (Na.) |Gwi th; ch (Na.); kyon (Ta.) //Gana ch (Na.); kyon (Ta.) #Haba th References Barnard 129; Nakagawa 1998:249; Tanaka 2; Vossen 485. 63

Number 162 Proto-West Khoe *thùí Meaning wound Khoe etymology 159 Kxoe (Hukwe) thùí (Kö.) Buga thùí |Ganda thùí |Gwi thùí; kyui (Ta.) //Gana thúí; kyui (Ta.) #Haba thúí References Tanaka 108; Vossen 508-9.

Number 163 Proto-West Khoe *thùrú Meaning to skin, plume, shed skin (of snake) Khoe etymology 160 //Ani thùdú Kxoe (Hukwe) thùdú (Kö.) Buga thùdú |Ganda thùdú Naro thùdú (V.); thuru "shed skin" (Ba.) #Haba thúdú References Barnard 153; Vossen 448.

Number 164 Proto-West Khoe *tʔǎ Meaning to cut (with axe) Khoe etymology 161 //Ani tʔá "schnitzen" Buga tʔǎ 64

|Ganda tʔá References Vossen 487; Vossen 1986: 334.

Number 165 Proto-West Khoe *tʔr Meaning to be rotten; lazy Khoe etymology 162 //Ani tʔd Kxoe (Hukwe) tʔd (Kö.) Buga tʔd |Ganda tʔédé References Vossen 434.

Number 166 Proto-West Khoe *tʔÚ[i]ǹ Meaning good, pretty Khoe etymology 163 //Ani tʔṹ Kxoe (Hukwe) tʔóǹ; tʔóṅ (Kö.) Buga tʔṹ |Ganda tʔóǹ Naro tʔú (Ba.); tʔõ (Na.) |Gwi cʔẽ (Na.); ekyuen (Ta.) //Gana tʔṹ; cʔẽ (Na.); ekyuen (Ta.) References Barnard 116; KH; Nakagawa 1998: 249; Tanaka 41; Vossen 445-46.

Number 167 Proto-West Khoe *tě(ŋ) Meaning bow Khoe etymology 164 65

//Ani t Kxoe (Hukwe) t (Kö.); de, dẽĩ (W.) Buga tê |Ganda t Naro t (V.); dẽ (Ba.) |Gwi kiéi (Ta.) //Gana té; kié (Ta.) References Barnard 93; Bleek 23; Tanaka 15; Vossen 454.

Number 168 Proto-West Khoe *tòé Meaning to move away, move out, fly Khoe etymology 165 //Ani tòé Kxoe (Hukwe) toé "move away, migrate"; tòé (Kö.) Buga tòé Naro tóè (V.) |Gwi kyue "move" (Ta.) //Gana túè; kyue "move" (Ta.) #Haba túè References KH; Tanaka 63; Vossen 505.

Number 169 Proto-West Khoe *x Meaning to swell Khoe etymology 166 //Ani x Buga x Naro x (V.); x (Ba.) |Gwi x //Gana x #Haba x 66

References Barnard 156; Vossen 490.

Number 170 Proto-West Khoe *xàḿ Meaning lion Khoe etymology 167 //Ani xàḿ Kxoe (Hukwe) xàḿ (Kö.) Buga xàḿ |Ganda xàḿ Naro xàḿ (V.); xǎm (Ba.) |Gwi xá; hxam (Ta.) //Gana xáḿ; hxam (Ta.) #Haba xáḿ References Barnard 38; Tanaka 57; Vossen 465.

Number 171 Proto-West Khoe *xéi Meaning kudu Khoe etymology 168 Naro xaì; xéi, xhi (Ba.) References Barnard 39; Visser 1998: 129.

Number 172 Proto-West Khoe *xóḿ Meaning ground, soil, sand Khoe etymology 169 //Ani xóḿ Kxoe (Hukwe) xóḿ; xŭm (W.) Buga xóḿ |Ganda xóḿ 67

Naro xóḿ (V.); xóm, xúm (Ba.) |Gwi xóám; hxom "sand, soil" (Ta.) //Gana xóḿ; hxom "sand, soil" (Ta.) #Haba xóḿ Tsaukwe chum "sand" References Barnard 34; Bleek 63, 261; Tanaka 89; Vossen 426.

Number 173 Proto-West Khoe *xu Meaning thing Khoe etymology 170 //Ani xû Kxoe (Hukwe) xú (Kö.) Buga xú |Ganda xú Naro xû (V.); xû, xúù (Ba.) |Gwi xû; hoze "things" (Ta.) //Gana xú; hoze "things" (Ta.) #Haba xû References Barnard 113; Tanaka 97; Vossen 428.

Number 174 Proto-West Khoe *xú Meaning to leave behind Khoe etymology 171 //Ani xú Kxoe (Hukwe) xǔ (Kö.) Buga xǔ |Ganda xù Naro xú (V.); xó (Ba.) |Gwi ho (Ta.) //Gana ho (Ta.) 68

#Haba xú References Barnard 144; Tanaka 56; Vossen 510.

Number 175 Proto-West Khoe *xúnì Meaning to blow the nose; snot, mucus Khoe etymology 173 //Ani xúnì Buga xúnì Naro xúnì (V.) |Gwi hone "blow oneʔs nose" (Ta.) //Gana hone "blow oneʔs nose" (Ta.) #Haba xúnì References Tanaka 89; Vossen 486.

Number 176 Proto-West Khoe *ʒàrá Meaning bird Khoe etymology 174 //Ani ʒàdá Kxoe (Hukwe) djaárá; djǎdȧ (Kö.) Buga ʒàdá |Ganda ʒádá Naro tsàrá, dzàrá (Ba.) |Gwi ʒádá; zera (Ta.) //Gana ʒádà; zera (Ta.) #Haba ʒàdá References Barnard 42; KH; Tanaka 13; Vossen 503.

Number 177 Proto-West Khoe *ʒỼró 69

Meaning to gather Khoe etymology 175 //Ani ʒódó Kxoe (Hukwe) djòdǒ (Kö.) Buga ʒòdó |Ganda ʒòdò Naro zàro; ʒàdó (V.) //Gana ʒèrò #Haba ʒòdó References Visser 120; Vossen 417; Vossen 1998: 294.

Number 178 Proto-West Khoe *ʒau Meaning omen Khoe etymology 176 Kxoe (Hukwe) djèú "good omen" (Kö.) Buga ʒàú |Ganda ʒàù Naro zàu; ʒàú (V.) #Haba ʒàú References Visser 120; Vossen 504.

Number 179 Proto-West Khoe *ʒ Meaning foot Khoe etymology 177 //Ani ʒê "Zehe" (?) Buga ʒ References Vossen 440.

Number 180 70

Proto-West Khoe *ʒìrí Meaning monkey Khoe etymology 178 //Ani ʒìdí Kxoe (Hukwe) djídi (Kö.) Buga ʒídí |Ganda ʒídì Naro zìrí; ʒìdí (V.) |Gwi ʒìdí //Gana ʒìdí #Haba ʒìdí References Visser 120; Vossen 414.

Number 181 Proto-West Khoe *ʒóá Meaning dagga Khoe etymology 0 //Ani ʒóà Kxoe (Hukwe) djóá (Kö.) Buga ʒóá |Ganda ʒóá #Haba ʒóá References Vossen 428.

References Vossen 448.

Number 184 Proto-West Khoe *|ábà Meaning to mature Khoe etymology 181 Kxoe (Hukwe) |ǎbá (Kö.) |Ganda |ábà References Vossen 466.

Naro |áḿ; |kám, |ám (Ba.) |Gwi |áḿ; |àm (Ta.) //Gana |áḿ; |àm (Ta.) #Haba |áḿ References Barnard 33; KH; Tanaka 93; Visser 5; Vossen 492.

References Barnard 39; Visser 5; Vossen 427.

Number 191 Proto-West Khoe *|ô Meaning to obtain, receive Khoe etymology 188 //Gana |ô #Haba |ô References Vossen 432.

Number 192 Proto-West Khoe *|ṍ Meaning child Khoe etymology 189 //Ani |ṍ Kxoe (Hukwe) |ṍ (Kö.) Buga |ṍ |Ganda |ṍ Naro |ṍ (V.); |kúá, |úá, |kṹ, |ṹ (Ba.) |Gwi |ṍ; |owa (Ta.) //Gana |ṍ; |owa (Ta.) 75

#Haba |ṍ References Barnard 70; Tanaka 21; Vossen 455-456.

Number 195 Proto-West Khoe *|û Meaning near (to be) Khoe etymology 192 //Ani |û Kxoe (Hukwe) |úù; |û (Kö.) Buga |û |Ganda |û Naro |û (V.); |kuu, |uu (Ba.) |Gwi |û; |u(ka) (Ta.) //Gana |û; |u(ka) (Ta.) #Haba |û References Barnard 118; KH; Tanaka 64; Vossen 470.

Number 197 Proto-West Khoe *|úí Meaning one Khoe etymology 194 //Ani |úí Kxoe (Hukwe) |úí; |guixa (W.) 77

Buga |úí |Ganda |úí Naro |úí (V.); |kúí, |úí (Ba.) |Gwi |úí; |wi (Ta.) //Gana |úí; |wi (Ta.) #Haba |úí References Barnard 122; Bleek 283; KH; Tanaka 67; Vossen 429.

Number 202 Proto-West Khoe *|ʔô Meaning dry; barren Khoe etymology 200 Naro |ʔô (V.) References Vossen 497-498. 79

Number 205 80

Number 207 Proto-West Khoe *àná Meaning leaf Khoe etymology 206 81

//Ani  Kxoe (Hukwe) ;  (Kö.) |Ganda  Naro g|ana (Ba.) |Gwi dna, ʒna (Na.); dana (Ta.) //Gana ánà; dna (Na.); dana (Ta.) References Barnard 47; KH; Nakagawa 1998: 249; Tanaka 56; Vossen 424-5.

Number 208 Proto-West Khoe *àró Meaning ostrich Khoe etymology 207 //Ani ádò Kxoe (Hukwe) àdǒ (Kö.); |gărō (W.) Buga àdò |Ganda àdò Naro àdó (V.); g|àró (Ba.) |Gwi ádó; ngǂaru (Ta.) //Gana ádú; ngǂaru (Ta.) #Haba àdó Tsaukwe $garu References Barnard 43; Bleek 276, 687; Tanaka 68; Vossen 496.

Number 209 Proto-West Khoe *ini Meaning fly (n.) Khoe etymology 208 //Ani àní Kxoe (Hukwe) |íni (Kö.) Buga íní |Ganda ínì 82

Naro ìní (V.); g|èní (Ba.) |Gwi ínì; g|ene (Ta.) //Gana ínì; g|ene (Ta.) #Haba ìní Notes Unclear -a- in ǁAni. References Barnard 45; Tanaka 37; Vossen 436.

Number 211 Proto-West Khoe *òḿ Meaning to pull out Khoe etymology 210 //Ani òḿ References Vossen 449.

Number 212 Proto-West Khoe *ùí Meaning bushland Khoe etymology 211 //Ani ùí (?) Kxoe (Hukwe) ùí (Kö.) Buga ùí |Ganda ùí Naro ùí "forest" (V.) 83

#Haba ùí References Vossen 427.

Number 213 Proto-West Khoe *|hàbí Meaning wound, injury Khoe etymology 212 Naro |hìbi "problem; sore"; |hàbí (Ba.) References Visser 10; Barnard 87.

Number 217 Proto-West Khoe *|kxabi Meaning ostrich eggshell Khoe etymology 216 Naro ǁkabi, ǁobi (B.); |kʔabi (Ba.) References Barnard 97; Bleek 549, 625.

Number 219 Proto-West Khoe *|kxam Meaning beadwork Khoe etymology 218 Naro |kʔam (Ba.) //Gana kxam (Ta.) References Barnard 102; Tanaka 10.

References Barnard 43; Tanaka 89; Visser 8; Vossen 485.

Number 224 Proto-West Khoe *|kxóǹ Meaning name Khoe etymology 222 //Ani |xʔóǹ 87

Number 226 Proto-West Khoe *ou Meaning to sweep Khoe etymology 224 Naro n|ou (Ba.) References Barnard 156.

Number 227 88

Proto-West Khoe *am Meaning to love Khoe etymology 225 Buga ná |Ganda ná Naro nà (V.) |Gwi àḿ References Vossen 464.

Number 228 Proto-West Khoe *ámì Meaning to throw (in the air) Khoe etymology 226 Naro námí (V.) //Gana ímé #Haba nímì References Barnard 158; Vossen 507.

Number 229 Proto-West Khoe * Meaning duiker Khoe etymology 227 Naro náù (V.); n|ãũ, n|áù, n|ou (Ba.) #Haba n References Barnard 39; Vossen 429.

Number 230 Proto-West Khoe *é Meaning this Khoe etymology 228 //Ani né "this", né-tè "that" 89

Kxoe (Hukwe) èʔé; né (Kö.) Buga né "this", ne-hȧ "that" Naro né "this" (V.) |Gwi né; nè-si-h "that" //Gana né #Haba né References KH; Vossen 251, 252, 253, 254, 255.

Number 231 Proto-West Khoe * Meaning some, other Khoe etymology 229 Kxoe (Hukwe) n "that (on the other side)" (Kö.) References Vossen 252.

Number 232 Proto-West Khoe *óá Meaning to cook Khoe etymology 230 Kxoe (Hukwe) óá (Kö.) Buga óá |Ganda óá |Gwi n|ua (Ta.) //Gana n|ua (Ta.) References Tanaka 24; Vossen 458.

Number 233 Proto-West Khoe *òá Meaning red, brown Khoe etymology 231 //Ani nòá 90

Number 234 Proto-West Khoe *u Meaning leg Khoe etymology 232 //Ani nû Kxoe (Hukwe) u (Kö.) Buga ú |Ganda ú //Gana nú References Vossen 422.

Number 236 Proto-West Khoe * Meaning war 91

Khoe etymology 234 //Ani n Kxoe (Hukwe) |g (Kö.) (?) Naro n (V.) |Gwi n //Gana  #Haba nǔ References Vossen 460.

Number 237 Proto-West Khoe *úè Meaning digging stick Khoe etymology 235 //Ani nùí Naro núè (V.); n|úèè (Ba.) |Gwi núè; n|ue (Ta.) //Gana n|ue (Ta.) #Haba núè References Barnard 104; Tanaka 92; Vossen 444.

Number 238 Proto-West Khoe *ûm Meaning beard Khoe etymology 236 Naro n|ûm References Barnard 68.

Number 239 Proto-West Khoe *ha Meaning belly, stomach Khoe etymology 237 92

Number 240 Proto-West Khoe *ǁáé Meaning to chew Khoe etymology 475 Naro ǁáé (V.); ǁkáí, ǁáí (Ba.) References Barnard 132.

Number 242 Proto-West Khoe *|xáḿ 93

Number 243 Proto-West Khoe *|xání Meaning guinea-fowl Khoe etymology 240 Naro |xáné; |káné (Ba.) |Gwi ǁkani (Ta.) //Gana ǁkane (Ta.) References Barnard 43; Tanaka 43; Visser 6.

References Tanaka 38; Vossen 510.

Number 250 Proto-West Khoe *|xúrí Meaning to be careful, cunning Khoe etymology 247 //Ani |xúdí 96

Kxoe (Hukwe) |xúdí (Kö.) Buga |xùdí |Ganda |xùdí References Vossen 464.

Number 252 Proto-West Khoe *|ua[ŋ] (*|x-) Meaning rocky place Khoe etymology 249 Naro |kú (Ba.) References Barnard 36.

Number 253 Proto-West Khoe *ǂ(ʔ)a[-ba] Meaning open (of terrain) Khoe etymology 250 Naro ǂaba, ǂa "(open) valley" (Ba.) References Barnard 35. 97

Number 254 Proto-West Khoe *ǂ Meaning to enter Khoe etymology 251 //Ani ǂ Kxoe (Hukwe) ǂ (Kö.) Buga ǂ |Ganda ǂ Naro ǂ (V.); ǂ, ǂk (Ba.) |Gwi ǂ; !tan (Ta.) //Gana ǂ; !tan (Ta.) #Haba ǂ References Barnard 137; Tanaka 32; Vossen 450.

Number 255 Proto-West Khoe *ǂáó Meaning heart Khoe etymology 252 //Ani ǂáó Kxoe (Hukwe) ǂáó Buga ǂáò |Ganda ǂáó Naro ǂáó (V.); ǂáó, ǂáú (Ba.) |Gwi ǂáó; !tao (Ta.) //Gana ǂáó; !tao (Ta.) #Haba ǂáó References Barnard 67; KH; Tanaka 45; Vossen 449.

Number 256 Proto-West Khoe *ǂárà 98

Meaning friend, comrade Khoe etymology 0 //Ani ǂádà Kxoe (Hukwe) ǂádà (Kö.) Buga ǂádà |Ganda ǂádà Naro ǂádà (V.); |kára, |ára (Ba.) |Gwi ǂédà; !tarama (Ta.) //Gana karām (Ta.) #Haba ǂádà References Barnard 74; Tanaka 38; Vossen 454.

Number 257 Proto-West Khoe *ǂáú Meaning a k. of vessel Khoe etymology 253 //Ani ǂáú Kxoe (Hukwe) ǂéú "Schüssel" (Kö.) Buga ǂáú |Ganda ǂáù Naro ǂáú (V.) #Haba ǂáú References Vossen 441.

Number 258 Proto-West Khoe *ǂé Meaning ear Khoe etymology 254 //Ani ǂé Kxoe (Hukwe) ǂé Buga ǂê |Ganda ǂé 99

Naro ǂé (V.); ǂkéé, ǂxéé (Ba.) |Gwi ǂê; ǂkei (Ta.) //Gana ǂê; ǂkei (Ta.) #Haba ǂé Tsaukwe |ke References Barnard 63; Bleek 307; KH; Tanaka 31; Vossen 474.

Number 259 Proto-West Khoe *ǂí Meaning to call Khoe etymology 255 //Ani ǂí Kxoe (Hukwe) ǂí (Kö.) Buga ǂí |Ganda ǂí Naro ǂí (V.); ǂii (Ba.) |Gwi ǂí; !ti (Ta.) //Gana !ti (Ta.) #Haba ǂí References Barnard 131; Tanaka 19; Vossen 480.

Number 260 Proto-West Khoe *ǂi Meaning to be ill Khoe etymology 256 Naro ǂì (V.) #Haba ǂî References Vossen 459.

Number 261 Proto-West Khoe *ǂímí (*-a-?) 100

Meaning caracal Khoe etymology 0 Naro ǂímí (V.); ǂámi, ǂáme (Ba.) |Gwi !teme (Ta.) //Gana !teme (Ta.) References Barnard 37; Tanaka 19.

Number 262 Proto-West Khoe *ǂ(h)o Meaning placenta Khoe etymology 257 //Ani nǒ (?) Kxoe (Hukwe) ǂŏ (Kö.) Buga ǂô |Ganda ǂò Naro ǂhò (V.) |Gwi ǂhǒ (?) #Haba ǂhǒ (?) References Vossen 469.

Number 263 Proto-West Khoe *ǂónà Meaning crocodile Khoe etymology 258 Naro ǂn (V.) //Gana ǂoánà #Haba ǂn References Vossen 460.

Number 264 Proto-West Khoe *ǂú 101

Meaning head Khoe etymology 259 //Ani ǂú Kxoe (Hukwe) ǂú; |gu (Sei.); |gū (W.) Buga ǂú |Ganda ǂú Naro ǂú (V.); !kuu, !uu, ǂú (Ba.) Tsaukwe |gu References Barnard 63; Bleek 282; KH; Vossen 458.

Number 265 Proto-West Khoe *ǂṹ Meaning to roast Khoe etymology 260 //Ani ǂṹ Buga ǂṹ |Ganda ǂṹ Naro ǂṹ (V.); ǂku (Ba.) |Gwi ǂ; !ton "to roast in hot ash" (Ta.) //Gana !ton "to roast in hot ash" (Ta.) #Haba ǂ References Barnard 133; Tanaka 80; Vossen 478-9.

Number 266 Proto-West Khoe *ǂ Meaning to buy Khoe etymology 261 //Ani ǂ Buga ǂ |Ganda ǂ |Gwi !ton (Ta.) References Tanaka 18; Vossen 433. 102

Number 267 Proto-West Khoe *ǂúì Meaning nose Khoe etymology 262 //Ani ǂúì Kxoe (Hukwe) ǂúi; ǂgui (W.) Buga ǂúì |Ganda ǂúì Naro ǂúí (V.); ǂkúíí, ǂkúéé, ǂúí (Ba.) |Gwi ǂúì; !tui (Ta.) //Gana úì; !tui (Ta.) #Haba ǂúí References Barnard 64; Bleek 649; KH; Tanaka 65; Vossen 471.

Number 268 Proto-West Khoe *ǂʔâ Meaning reed Khoe etymology 263 //Ani ǂʔâ Kxoe (Hukwe) ǂʔâ (Kö.) Buga ǂʔâ |Ganda ǂʔâ Naro ǂʔâ (V.); ǂa, ǂaa "arrow" (Ba.) #Haba ǂʔâ Tsaukwe ǂa "arrow" References Barnard 93; Bleek 640; Vossen 478.

Number 269 Proto-West Khoe *ǂʔá Meaning upper side 103

Khoe etymology 264 //Ani ǂʔà Kxoe (Hukwe) ú-ǂʔà "hill, slope, mountain"; ǂʔà (Kö.) Buga ǂʔá |Ganda ǂʔá Naro ǂʔáḿ (V.) |Gwi ǂʔá(-kà); ǂámkara "over" (Ta.) //Gana ǂʔáḿ; ǂámkara "over" (Ta.) #Haba ǂʔá References KH; Tanaka 68; Vossen 473.

Number 270 Proto-West Khoe *ǂʔáǹ Meaning to know, think Khoe etymology 265 Naro ǂãna (Ba.) |Gwi ǂʔáǹ; !anāha (Ta.) //Gana ǂʔáǹ; anāha (Ta.) #Haba ǂʔáǹ References Barnard 144; Tanaka 54; Vossen 428.

Number 271 Proto-West Khoe *ǂa Meaning topside Khoe etymology 0 Buga tshàú-ǂáá-ʔò "palm of hand" References Vossen 1998: 295.

Number 272 Proto-West Khoe *ǂʔ Meaning wind 104

Khoe etymology 266 //Ani ǂʔ Kxoe (Hukwe) ǂʔ Buga ǂʔ |Ganda ǂʔ Naro ǂʔ (V.); ǂaba (B.); ǂãã (Ba.) |Gwi ǂʔ; !ā (Ta.) //Gana ǂʔ; !ā (Ta.) #Haba ǂʔ Tsaukwe ǂa References Barnard 33; Bleek 640; KH; Tanaka 107; Vossen 507.

Number 273 Proto-West Khoe *ǂʔǒ Meaning narrow Khoe etymology 267 //Ani ǂʔǒ References Vossen 431.

Number 274 Proto-West Khoe *ǂʔô Meaning a k. of tree (Combretum imberbe) Khoe etymology 268 //Ani ǂʔô Kxoe (Hukwe) ǂʔô (Kö.) Buga ǂʔô |Ganda ǂʔô Naro ǂʔô (V.) |Gwi ǂʔô //Gana ǂʔô #Haba ǂʔô References Vossen 420. 105

Number 275 Proto-West Khoe *ǂʔóà Meaning to ask Khoe etymology 269 //Ani ǂʔóà Kxoe (Hukwe) ǂʔȯȧ (Kö.) Buga ǂʔóà |Ganda ǂʔóà |Gwi ǂʔóá; !oa (Ta.) //Gana ǂʔóá; !oa (Ta.) #Haba ǂʔóá References Tanaka 6; Vossen 438.

Number 276 Proto-West Khoe *ǂʔó Meaning baobab Khoe etymology 270 //Ani ǂʔó Kxoe (Hukwe) ǂʔó (Kö.) Buga ǂʔó |Ganda ǂʔó References Vossen 414.

Number 277 Proto-West Khoe *ǂʔṹ Meaning to eat (not meat) Khoe etymology 271 //Ani ǂʔṹ Kxoe (Hukwe) ǂʔṹ Buga ǂʔ 106

|Ganda ǂʔṹ Naro ǂʔṹ (V.); ǂʔṹ, ǂʔṍ (Ba.) |Gwi !ón (Ta.) //Gana ǂʔṹ; !ón (Ta.) #Haba ǂʔṹ References Barnard 137, 148; KH; Tanaka 31; Vossen 433.

Number 278 Proto-West Khoe *ǂʔúbí Meaning egg; testicle Khoe etymology 272 //Ani ǂʔúbí Kxoe (Hukwe) ǂʔúbí Buga ǂʔúbí Naro ǂʔúbí (V.); ǂobi, ǂùbì (Ba.) |Gwi ǂʔúbí; |ubi (Ta.) //Gana ǂʔúbí; |ubi (Ta.) #Haba ǂʔúbí References Barnard 97; KH; Tanaka 32; Vossen 451.

Number 279 Proto-West Khoe *aú Meaning a k. of bird (Hornrabe) Khoe etymology 273 //Ani áú Kxoe (Hukwe) éú (Kö.) Buga àú |Ganda àú Naro gǂao "small bird" (Ba.) #Haba àú References Barnard 42; Vossen 452-3.

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Number 280 Proto-West Khoe *ǒ Meaning springhare Khoe etymology 274 //Ani ô Kxoe (Hukwe) ǒ (Kö.) Buga ǒ |Ganda ǒ Naro ǒ (V.); ǂoa, gǂoo (Ba.) |Gwi ǒ; g!yû (Ta.) //Gana g!yû (Ta.) #Haba ǒ References Barnard 41; Tanaka 91; Vossen 493.

Number 281 Proto-West Khoe *óà Meaning ashes Khoe etymology 275 //Ani óà Kxoe (Hukwe) oá; |ē gŏā (W.) [said to be Tsaukwe but hardly so] Buga òá |Ganda òà |Gwi úà; ǂdóa (Ta.) //Gana óà; ǂdóa (Ta.) Notes Nasal efflux in Buga and |Ganda due to contamination with *u "black"? References Bleek 47; KH; Tanaka 6; Vossen 417.

Number 282 Proto-West Khoe *Úbè Meaning a k. of bag 108

Khoe etymology 276 Naro gǂóbè, gǂúbì "womanʔs bag" (Ba.) |Gwi gyúbe "bag" (Ta.) //Gana gyúbe "bag" (Ta.) References Barnard 95; Tanaka 9.

Number 283 Proto-West Khoe *ǂa[-ba] Meaning flat; wide Khoe etymology 277 Naro ǂâ "flatland" (V.); |kaa (Ba.) #Haba ǂb References Barnard 34, 119; Vossen 426.

Number 284 Proto-West Khoe *ai (*ǂh-?) Meaning springbok Khoe etymology 278 Naro ǂ (V.); g|ai, gǂai (Ba.) |Gwi !kaí (Ta.) //Gana !kaí (Ta.) References Barnard 39; Tanaka 91.

Number 285 Proto-West Khoe *ǂháó Meaning to be ashamed Khoe etymology 279 Buga ǂháó References Vossen 483.

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Number 286 Proto-West Khoe *ǂháù Meaning a k. of tree (Combretum mechowianum) Khoe etymology 280 //Ani ǂháù Kxoe (Hukwe) ǂhéù (Kö.) Buga ǂháù |Ganda ǂháù Naro ǂháú (V.) #Haba ǂháú References Vossen 420.

Number 287 Proto-West Khoe *ǂom Meaning locust Khoe etymology 281 //Ani ǂòḿ Kxoe (Hukwe) ǂòḿ (Kö.) Buga ǂó |Ganda ǂó Naro ǂom; ǂú (V.); ǂkûm (Ba.) #Haba ǂú References Barnard 45; Vossen 449; Visser 1998: 134.

Number 288 Proto-West Khoe *ǂhùní Meaning elbow Khoe etymology 282 //Ani ǂhùní Kxoe (Hukwe) ǂhùní (Kö.) Buga ǂhùní |Ganda ǂhùní 110

Naro ǂhùní (V.); ǂòní, ǂhùní (Ba.) |Gwi ǂhúnì //Gana ǂhúnì #Haba ǂhúní References Barnard 66; Vossen 430-431.

Number 289 Proto-West Khoe *ǂkx Meaning spit; to spit Khoe etymology 283 //Ani ǂxʔ Buga ǂxʔ Naro ǂʔáé (V.) (?); ǂkxe (Ba.) |Gwi ǂxʔáì //Gana ǂʔáì #Haba ǂʔáé Notes Irregular development in several languages; different root? References Barnard 155; Vossen 492-3.

Number 290 Proto-West Khoe *ǂkxoa Meaning to exit Khoe etymology 284 //Ani ǂxʔòá Kxoe (Hukwe) ǂxʔóá (Kö.) Buga ǂxʔóá |Ganda ǂxʔóá Naro ǂxʔóá (V.); ǂxoa (Ba.) //Gana ǂxʔóà #Haba ǂxʔóá References Barnard 141; Vossen 450.

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Number 291 Proto-West Khoe *á Meaning to pour Khoe etymology 285 Naro ná (V.); n, ǂk (Ba.) |Gwi ná //Gana ná #Haba  References Barnard 148; Vossen 443.

Number 292 Proto-West Khoe *â Meaning to dance Khoe etymology 286 Naro nâ (V.); nǂáà (Ba.) //Gana nâ #Haba  References Barnard 135; Vossen 497.

Number 293 Proto-West Khoe *óḿ Meaning to whistle Khoe etymology 287 //Ani nóḿ Kxoe (Hukwe) nóḿ (Kö.) Buga nóḿ |Ganda nóḿ |Gwi noáḿ //Gana nóḿ References Vossen 475.

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Number 294 Proto-West Khoe *ári Meaning god; sky Khoe etymology 0 Naro nǂári-kxʔáí "sky" (V.); n!ári, n!ádi "God, sky" (Ba.) |Gwi n!odima"god" (Ta.) //Gana n!odim "god" (Ta.) References Barnard 32; Tanaka 41.

Number 295 Proto-West Khoe *árÚ Meaning back Khoe etymology 288 //Ani nádú Buga ódó |Ganda údú |Gwi núdù; n|uru (Ta.) //Gana núdù; n|uru (Ta.) #Haba nódó References Tanaka 9; Vossen 479.

Number 296 Proto-West Khoe *ó Meaning to form, make Khoe etymology 289 //Ani nó Kxoe (Hukwe) nó (Kö.) Buga nó |Ganda nó #Haba nó References Vossen 438. 113

Number 297 Proto-West Khoe *ú Meaning black Khoe etymology 290 //Ani nú Kxoe (Hukwe) gú; ú (Kö.) Buga ǔ |Ganda ú Naro nǔ (V.); nǂǔ (Ba.) |Gwi nú; n!u (Ta.) //Gana nú; n!uo (Ta.) #Haba nú Tsaukwe ǂnu "night" References Barnard 121; Bleek 674; KH; Tanaka 13; Vossen 488.

Number 298 Proto-West Khoe *ṹ Meaning to sit, sit down Khoe etymology 291 //Ani nṹ Kxoe (Hukwe) ṹ; nṹ (Kö.) Buga nú |Ganda nú Naro nú(ŋ) (V.); nǂùú, nǂú (Ba.) |Gwi n!(u)o (Ta.) //Gana nú, nùè; n!(u)o (Ta.) #Haba nṹ References Barnard 154; KH; Tanaka 87; Vossen 491.

Number 299 114

Proto-West Khoe *úí Meaning vagina Khoe etymology 292 //Ani núí Buga úí |Ganda úí Naro núí (V.) |Gwi núí; n|uisha (Ta.) //Gana núí; n|uishi (Ta.) #Haba núí References Barnard 68; Tanaka 103; Vossen 499.

Number 300 Proto-West Khoe *Um Meaning coal Khoe etymology 293 //Ani (|ʔe-)nó Kxoe (Hukwe) nó (Kö.) Buga nú |Ganda nú Naro (|ʔé-)nú (V.); nǂum (Ba.) |Gwi nóaḿ; n!om (Ta.) //Gana nú; n!om (Ta.) #Haba nó References Barnard 108; Tanaka 20; Vossen 451-2.

Number 301 Proto-West Khoe *úní Meaning mouse Khoe etymology 294 //Ani núní Naro nn (V.) 115

|Gwi úní; n|one (Ta.) //Gana úní; n|one (Ta.) #Haba nn References Tanaka 63; Vossen 476.

Number 302 Proto-West Khoe *ǂábí Meaning dove, pigeon Khoe etymology 295 Naro ǂíbí (V.); ǂábí (Ba.) |Gwi |ubi (Ta.) //Gana |ubi (Ta.) References Barnard 42; Tanaka 72.

Number 303 Proto-West Khoe *ǂqáè Meaning marrow Khoe etymology 296 //Ani ǂqáè Buga ǂqáè Naro ǂḛ (V.) |Gwi !kaì (Ta.) //Gana !kaì (Ta.) References Tanaka 60; Vossen 466.

Number 304 Proto-West Khoe *ǂxâ Meaning to cut up (animals) Khoe etymology 297 //Ani ǂxâ Buga ǂxâ 116

References Vossen 417.

Number 305 Proto-West Khoe *ǂxáná Meaning snot Khoe etymology 298 //Ani ǂxáná |Gwi ǂxná; ǂkana (Ta.) //Gana ǂkana (Ta.) #Haba ǂxáná References Tanaka 89; Vossen 479.

Number 306 Proto-West Khoe *ǂxéí Meaning eye; to wake up Khoe etymology 299 //Ani ǂxáí Kxoe (Hukwe) ǂxéí; ǂkai (W.) Buga ǂxáí |Ganda ǂxáí Naro ǂxéí (V.); ǂxíí, ǂxí (Ba.) |Gwi ǂxéí; !kai (Ta.) //Gana ǂxáí; !kai (Ta.) #Haba ǂxáí Tsaukwe ǂkai References Bleek 655, 679; Barnard 63; KH; Tanaka 33; Vossen 418.

Number 307 Proto-West Khoe *ǂxóà Meaning elephant Khoe etymology 300 117

//Ani ǂxóà Kxoe (Hukwe) ǂxóà; ǂkoã (W.) Buga ǂxóà |Ganda ǂxóà Naro ǂxòá (V.); ǂkòòá (Ba.) |Gwi ǂxóà; !toa (Ta.) //Gana ǂxóà; !toa (Ta.) #Haba ǂxóá Tsaukwe ǂkxoa References Barnard 38; Bleek 663, 667; Tanaka 32; Vossen 430.

Number 308 Proto-West Khoe *ǂxòḿ Meaning to mix Khoe etymology 301 //Ani ǂxóḿ Kxoe (Hukwe) ǂxòḿ (Kö.) Buga ǂxòḿ |Ganda ǂxòḿ Naro ǂxòḿ (V.) #Haba ǂxó References Vossen 467.

Number 309 Proto-West Khoe *ǂx Meaning brain Khoe etymology 302 //Ani ǂx Buga ǂx |Ganda ǂx Naro ǂx (V.); ǂk (Ba.) |Gwi !tosha (Ta.) 118

//Gana ǂx; !tosha (Ta.) Notes Irregular pharyngealization/denasalisation in Nharo. References Barnard 67; Tanaka 15; Vossen 441.

Number 310 Proto-West Khoe *!á Meaning to wish, want Khoe etymology 303 //Ani ká Kxoe (Hukwe) kǎ "sich nach etw. sehnen" (Kö.) Buga ká |Ganda ká Naro !á (V.) References Vossen 496.

Number 311 Proto-West Khoe *!abV Meaning to ride Khoe etymology 304 Naro !ábì; ǂkabi (Ba.) |Gwi aba (Ta.) //Gana !aba (Ta.) References Barnard 150; Tanaka 79; Visser 62.

Number 312 Proto-West Khoe *!áé Meaning to bind Khoe etymology 305 //Ani káé Kxoe (Hukwe) káé (Kö.) Buga káé 119

|Ganda káé Naro !áé (V.) |Gwi !áé; !kaè (Ta.) //Gana kê (Ta.) #Haba ké References Barnard 130; Tanaka 13; Vossen 423.

Number 313 Proto-West Khoe *!áè Meaning apron Khoe etymology 306 Naro !aè; !áè (V.); !káì, !áì (Ba.) |Gwi keì (Ta.) //Gana keì (Ta.) References Barnard 101; Tanaka 5; Visser 62.

Number 314 Proto-West Khoe *!á Meaning good Khoe etymology 307 |Ganda k Naro ! (V.); !á, !ká (Ba.) References Barnard 116; Vossen 445.

Number 315 Proto-West Khoe *!am Meaning penis Khoe etymology 308 Kxoe (Hukwe) kăm "penis, urin" (W.) Buga ká Naro !à (V.) 120

//Gana (?) qá #Haba ká References Barnard 67; Bleek 78; Vossen 474; Vossen 1992: 371.

Number 316 Proto-West Khoe *!ámà Meaning to track Khoe etymology 309 //Ani !ámà Kxoe (Hukwe) kámà (Kö.) Buga kámà |Ganda kámà #Haba kímà References Vossen 501.

Number 317 Proto-West Khoe *!ánú Meaning metal Khoe etymology 310 //Ani kánú Kxoe (Hukwe) kánú (Kö.) Naro !ánú (V.) |Gwi !ánú; !kano (Ta.) //Gana !ánú; !kano (Ta.) #Haba kínú References Tanaka 61; Vossen 467.

Number 318 Proto-West Khoe *!ao Meaning to cut Khoe etymology 311 121

|Gwi ǂkáo (Ta.) //Gana ǂkáo (Ta.) References Tanaka 25.

Number 319 Proto-West Khoe *!áó Meaning to throw down Khoe etymology 312 //Ani !áó Kxoe (Hukwe) káó (Kö.) Buga !áó |Ganda !áó Naro !áú (V.); !káú (Ba.) References Barnard 158; Vossen 434.

Number 320 Proto-West Khoe *!áò Meaning long Khoe etymology 313 //Ani !áò Kxoe (Hukwe) kxʔáò; kyao (Ha.) Buga !áò Naro !áò (V.) |Gwi !àù; !káo (Ta.) //Gana !áù; !káo (Ta.) #Haba !áò References Barnard 118; Haacke 1997: 175; KH; Tanaka 58; Vossen 461-62.

Number 321 Proto-West Khoe *!are 122

Meaning to cut (meat in stripes) Khoe etymology 314 //Ani kàdé Kxoe (Hukwe) kàdě (Kö.) Buga kàdé |Ganda kádè Naro !àdé (V.); !are (Ba.) |Gwi !àdè //Gana kèdè #Haba kìdé References Barnard 135; Vossen 486-7.

Number 322 Proto-West Khoe *!árí Meaning hard Khoe etymology 315 //Ani kádí Buga kídí |Gwi !ádí; (e)!kari (Ta.) //Gana kídí; (e)kiri (Ta.) #Haba !ádí References Tanaka 44; Vossen 447.

Number 323 Proto-West Khoe *!áù Meaning to remain Khoe etymology 316 Kxoe (Hukwe) áò (Kö.) (?) Naro !áù (V.); ǁau (Ba.) |Gwi !áú; !kyu (Ta.) //Gana káù; keu (Ta.) #Haba kíù 123

References Barnard 150; Tanaka 78; Vossen 425.

Number 324 Proto-West Khoe *!qàṹ Meaning cheetah Khoe etymology 317 //Ani !qṹ Buga qṹ |Ganda qṹ Naro ! (V.); n|õã (Ba.) (?) |Gwi !káo (Ta.) //Gana !káo (Ta.) References Barnard 38; Tanaka 21.

Number 325 Proto-West Khoe *!ẽ (?) Meaning to return Khoe etymology 0 Naro !kẽ (B.) References Bleek 419.

Number 326 Proto-West Khoe *!óḿ Meaning heavy Khoe etymology 318 //Ani !óḿ Kxoe (Hukwe) kóm; kóḿ (Kö.) Buga kóḿ |Ganda kúḿ Naro !úḿ (V.) |Gwi !óám; !kom (Ta.) 124

//Gana !óḿ; !kom (Ta.) #Haba !úḿ References Barnard 117; KH; Tanaka 45; Vossen 490.

Number 327 Proto-West Khoe *! Meaning to go, walk Khoe etymology 319 //Ani k Kxoe (Hukwe) kṹ; k (Kö.) Buga k |Ganda k Naro ! (V.); !kṹ, !ṹ, !kṍ, !ṍ (Ba.) |Gwi !; !kon (Ta.) //Gana k; (!)kon (Ta.) #Haba k References Barnard 140; KH; Tanaka 41; Vossen 441.

Number 328 Proto-West Khoe *ǂõẽ Meaning millipede Khoe etymology 320 Naro !kũẽa-!kũẽ (Ba.); ǂkẽaǂkẽa (Ha.) References Barnard 45; Haacke 168.

Number 329 Proto-West Khoe *!úrù Meaning knee Khoe etymology 321 Buga kúdù |Ganda kúdù 125

Naro !údù (V.); !órù, !kórù, !kúrù (Ba.) |Gwi !kori (Ta.) //Gana !kori (Ta.) #Haba !údù Tsaukwe !guru References Barnard 66; Bleek 389; Tanaka 54; Vossen 457.

Number 330 Proto-West Khoe *!ʔ Meaning to know Khoe etymology 323 //Ani ʔ Kxoe (Hukwe) ã; ʔ (Kö.) Buga ʔ |Ganda ʔ Naro !ʔ (V.) |Gwi !ʔ; !anā-ha (Ta.) //Gana ʔ; anā-ha (Ta.) #Haba kʔ References Barnard 144; KH; Tanaka 54; Vossen 507-8.

Number 331 Proto-West Khoe *kúrú Meaning to do Khoe etymology 477 Naro kúrú (Ba.) References Barnard 136.

Number 332 Proto-West Khoe *!ʔáò Meaning to be afraid 126

Khoe etymology 324 //Ani !ʔáò Kxoe (Hukwe) áo; ʔáò (Kö.) Naro !ʔáò (V.); !áò (Ba.) References Barnard 138; KH; Vossen 439.

Number 333 Proto-West Khoe *!ʔáú Meaning to cry out (of joy) Khoe etymology 325 //Ani !ʔáú Kxoe (Hukwe) ʔéú (Kö.) Buga ʔáú |Ganda ʔáú Naro !ʔáú (V.) References Vossen 417-18.

Number 334 Proto-West Khoe *!ʔṍ Meaning to carry Khoe etymology 326 //Ani !ʔná "carry over the shoulder" Kxoe (Hukwe) ʔṍá (Kö.) Buga ʔóáná "carry on the shoulder" Naro !ʔ (V.) |Gwi !onana (Ta.) //Gana onana (Ta.) References Tanaka 20; Vossen 497.

Number 335 Proto-West Khoe *!ʔṍ 127

Meaning hare Khoe etymology 327 //Ani !ʔṍ Kxoe (Hukwe) ʔṍ (Kö.) Buga ʔṍ |Ganda ʔṍ Naro !ʔṍ (V.); !õã, |õã, ǂõã (Ba.) |Gwi !ʔṍ; !kowa (Ta.) //Gana !ʔṍ #Haba kʔṍ References Barnard 40; Tanaka 44; Vossen 447.

Number 336 Proto-West Khoe *!ʔú Meaning white Khoe etymology 328 Naro !ʔú (V.); !ʔú, !ʔó, !ú, !ó (Ba.) |Gwi !ʔú; !u (Ta.) //Gana !ʔú; !u (Ta.) #Haba !ʔú References Barnard 121; Tanaka 107; Vossen 506.

Number 337 Proto-West Khoe *!ʔúè Meaning leopard Khoe etymology 329 //Ani !ʔúì, !ʔúè Kxoe (Hukwe) !ṓʔē (W.) Buga ʔúè Naro !ʔóè (V.); !kóèè, !úèè (Ba.) |Gwi !ʔóè; ǂóe (Ta.) //Gana !ʔóè; ǂóe (Ta.) 128

#Haba kʔúè Tsaukwe $oe References Barnard 38; Bleek 490, 689; Tanaka 56; Vossen 463-464.

Number 338 Proto-West Khoe *!ʔúì Meaning evening Khoe etymology 330 //Ani ʔúì- Kxoe (Hukwe) ʔúì (Kö.) Buga ʔúì |Ganda ʔúì Notes Irregular loss of click in ǁAni. References Barnard 123-4; Tanaka 33; Vossen 413.

Number 339 Proto-West Khoe *â Meaning needle, nail Khoe etymology 331 //Ani gâ Kxoe (Hukwe) gā (Kö.) Buga gâ Naro â (V.); g!áà (Ba.) |Gwi â; g|á (Ta.) //Gana gâ; g|á (Ta.) #Haba gâ References Barnard 103; Tanaka 64; Vossen 470.

Number 340 Proto-West Khoe *ai Meaning puff-adder 129

Khoe etymology 332 Naro !gai (Schi.) (?

Number 341 Proto-West Khoe *à Meaning steenbok Khoe etymology 333 //Ani  "dikdik" Kxoe (Hukwe) gai (Bal.); g (Kö.) Buga g |Ganda g "bushbock" Naro  "bushbock" (V.) (?); g!ai (Ba.) |Gwi g!aen (Ta.) //Gana gaen (Ta.) References Barnard 39; Bleek 42; Tanaka 92; Vossen 415-16.

Number 342 Proto-West Khoe *!am Meaning deep Khoe etymology 334 Naro !am; !gam (Schi.) References Bleek 376; Visser 1998: 134.

Number 343 Proto-West Khoe *á Meaning to throw Khoe etymology 335 //Ani á 130

Kxoe (Hukwe) gȧḿ (Kö.) Buga gá |Ganda gá |Gwi gám (Ta.) //Gana gám (Ta.) References Tanaka 98; Vossen 507.

Number 344 Proto-West Khoe *àní Meaning chin Khoe etymology 336 //Ani gàní Kxoe (Hukwe) gàní (Kö.) Buga gàní |Ganda yàní Naro àní (V.) |Gwi gínì; g!ane (Ta.) //Gana gíní; g!ane (Ta.) #Haba gínì References Barnard 63; Tanaka 21; Vossen 456.

Number 345 Proto-West Khoe *[!]gao Meaning to search, look for Khoe etymology 337 //Ani gáò Kxoe (Hukwe) gȧó (Kö.) References Vossen 491.

Number 346 Proto-West Khoe *au 131

Meaning spotted hyaena Khoe etymology 339 Kxoe (Hukwe) gu uṅ (W.) Naro g!au (Ba.) |Gwi ǁkyau (Ta.) //Gana ǁkyau (Ta.) References Barnard 38; Bleek 45; Tanaka 91.

Number 347 Proto-West Khoe *ô Meaning aardvark Khoe etymology 340 //Ani ô Kxoe (Hukwe) gǒ (Kö.) Buga gǒ Naro ô (V.); g!óò (Ba.) |Gwi ô; gou (Ta.) //Gana gô; gou (Ta.) #Haba gô References Barnard 37; Tanaka 1; Vossen 431-32.

Number 348 Proto-West Khoe *ó Meaning to blow Khoe etymology 341 //Ani gó Kxoe (Hukwe) gòḿ (Kö.) Buga gòḿ |Ganda gó Naro ú (V.); g!ûm (Ba.) |Gwi gom (Ta.) //Gana gom (Ta.) 132

#Haba gú References Barnard 130; Tanaka 14; Vossen 424, 477.

Number 349 Proto-West Khoe *UrU Meaning ankle Khoe etymology 342 |Gwi g!uru (Ta.) //Gana g!uru (Ta.) Notes Cf. Nharo gogore id.?? References Barnard 65; Tanaka 5.

Number 350 Proto-West Khoe *ue Meaning frog Khoe etymology 343 Naro g!uee (Ba.) |Gwi gue (Ta.) //Gana gue (Ta.) References Barnard 40; Tanaka 39.

Number 351 Proto-West Khoe *ùí Meaning rope Khoe etymology 344 //Ani ùí Kxoe (Hukwe) gùí (Kö.) Buga gùí |Ganda gùí Naro ùí (V.); !ùí (Ba.) |Gwi g!ui (Ta.) 133

//Gana gui (Ta.) #Haba gùí References Barnard 104; Tanaka 80; Vossen 487.

Number 352 Proto-West Khoe *óm[à] Meaning lower arm, hand Khoe etymology 345 //Ani ómà "arm" Buga gómà "lower arm" Naro òmà "underarm"; g!um "lower arm" (Ba.) |Gwi gǂoma "forearm" (Ta.) //Gana gómà "lower arm"; gǂoma "forearm" (Ta.) #Haba ómà "lower arm" References Barnard 66; Tanaka 6; Visser 1998: 130; Vossen 499.

Number 353 Proto-West Khoe *!hàé Meaning to stick Khoe etymology 346 //Ani !hàé Kxoe (Hukwe) kxàé (Kö.) Buga khàé |Ganda !háè Naro !hàé (V.); !ai (Ba.) |Gwi !kei (Ta.) //Gana kei (Ta.) #Haba kháè References Barnard 148; Tanaka 72; Vossen 495.

Number 354 134

Proto-West Khoe *!háǹ(i) Meaning to crawl Khoe etymology 347 //Ani kháǹ Buga kh Naro !h (V.) |Gwi !ʔáǹ //Gana káǹ #Haba kháǹ References Vossen 459.

Number 355 Proto-West Khoe *!hàní Meaning a k. of plant (Hyphaene ventricosa) Khoe etymology 348 //Ani !hàní Kxoe (Hukwe) kxàní (Kö.) Naro !hàní (V.) References Vossen 475.

Number 356 Proto-West Khoe *!hara (*!-) Meaning kraal Khoe etymology 349 //Ani (?) nàdà Kxoe (Hukwe) kàdǎ (Kö.) References Vossen 503.

Number 357 Proto-West Khoe *$oa Meaning round stone; pestle 135

Khoe etymology 350 |Gwi îko-ǂoa (Ta.) //Gana îko-ǂoa (Ta.) Tsaukwe $oa-na "pestle" References Bleek 689; Tanaka 71.

Number 358 Proto-West Khoe *!hòḿ Meaning to cut Khoe etymology 351 //Ani !hòḿ Kxoe (Hukwe) kxǒm (Kö.) Buga khòḿ |Gwi kom (Ta.) //Gana kom (Ta.) References Köhler 1981: 487; Tanaka 25; Vossen 486.

Number 359 Proto-West Khoe *!hou Meaning hail Khoe etymology 0 Naro !hou (Ba.) References Barnard 32; Bleek 398.

Number 360 Proto-West Khoe *!U Meaning to knock Khoe etymology 352 //Ani !ǔ (=!ù) Kxoe (Hukwe) !ó (=!ȯ) (Kö.) Naro !ó (=!ò) (V.) 136

References Vossen 457.

Number 361 Proto-West Khoe *!hùí Meaning to bore, pierce Khoe etymology 353 Kxoe (Hukwe) kxí "Ohr durchbohren" (Kö.) Buga khùí |Ganda khùí Naro !hùí (V.) |Gwi !húí; !kui (Ta.) //Gana khúí; kui (Ta.) #Haba khùí References Barnard 148; Tanaka 72; Vossen 429.

Number 362 Proto-West Khoe *!(h)ori Meaning lower back Khoe etymology 354 Naro !kòrí (Ba.); !khuri (Ha.) References Barnard 64; Haacke 1997: 187.

Number 363 Proto-West Khoe *!qhàì Meaning cold Khoe etymology 355 Naro !xàì (V.); !ai (Ba.) |Gwi kxaì (Ta.) //Gana qáì; kxaì (Ta.) References Barnard 115; Tanaka 22; Vossen 1992: 371.

137

Number 364 Proto-West Khoe *!xóé Meaning to run Khoe etymology 356 //Ani !xóé Buga !x |Ganda !x Naro !xóé (V.); !kue (Ba.) |Gwi !xóé; !hoe "fly", hoe "run" (Ta.) //Gana hoe "run, fly" (Ta.) #Haba xó Notes Lots of similar forms in Ba. (!kṍ, !kue, g!ai, ǂxei, !xue, !xuee, !xóé), some of which (but certainly not all) could go back to different roots. References Barnard 151; Tanaka 37, 81; Vossen 506.

Number 365 Proto-West Khoe *!kxábé Meaning a k. of tree (Combretum hereroense) Khoe etymology 357 //Ani !xʔàbé Kxoe (Hukwe) kxʔábé (Kö.) Buga kxʔábé |Ganda kxʔábé #Haba !xʔábé References Vossen 420.

Number 366 Proto-West Khoe *!am Meaning green Khoe etymology 0 138

Naro !am "dark green" (Ba.) Notes Uncertain; probably borrowed from Nama. References Barnard 121.

Number 367 Proto-West Khoe *!kxáḿ Meaning beadwork Khoe etymology 358 Naro !xʔáḿ (V.); |kʔam (Ba.) //Gana kxam (Ta.) #Haba !xʔáḿ References Barnard 102; Tanaka 10; Vossen 474.

Number 368 Proto-West Khoe *!kxáó Meaning neck Khoe etymology 359 //Ani !xʔáó Naro !xʔáó (V.); !kau, !kou (Ba.) |Gwi !kxao (Ta.) //Gana kxʔáó; kxao (Ta.) #Haba !xʔáó Tsaukwe !kau References Barnard 65; Bleek 412; Tanaka 64; Vossen 446.

Number 369 Proto-West Khoe *á-[bá] Meaning rhinoceros Khoe etymology 360 //Ani ábá Kxoe (Hukwe) ŋgábá (Kö.) 139

|Ganda ŋgábá Naro a (Ba.) References Barnard 38; Bleek 41; Vossen 426.

Number 371 Proto-West Khoe *ábè Meaning giraffe Khoe etymology 362 //Ani ábè Kxoe (Hukwe) ŋgábė (Kö.) Buga ŋgábè |Ganda ŋgábè Naro nábé; n!ábé (Ba.) |Gwi ábè; ng!abe (Ta.) //Gana ŋábì; ngabe (Ta.) #Haba bé References Barnard 38; Tanaka 40; Vossen 443.

Number 372 Proto-West Khoe *ai(ŋ) Meaning kidney Khoe etymology 363 140

Naro  (V.); n!ai (Ba.) References Barnard 67.

Number 373 Proto-West Khoe *ánì Meaning lower jaw Khoe etymology 364 //Ani ŋánì Kxoe (Hukwe) ŋgédì (Kö.) Buga ŋánì |Ganda ŋáni Naro ánì (V.) //Gana nàní #Haba ŋínì References Vossen 456.

Number 374 Proto-West Khoe *árò Meaning chameleon Khoe etymology 365 Kxoe (Hukwe) ŋgádò (Kö.) Naro rò; nádò (V.) |Gwi nádù; ng!aru (Ta.) //Gana ŋádù; ng!aru (Ta.) #Haba ŋádò References Tanaka 20; Visser 1998: 130; Vossen 427.

Number 375 Proto-West Khoe *áò Meaning acacia Khoe etymology 367 141

//Ani ŋáò Kxoe (Hukwe) ŋgáò (Kö.) Buga ŋgáò |Ganda ŋgáò Naro áò (V.) References Vossen 415.

Number 376 Proto-West Khoe *áò Meaning to hide Khoe etymology 368 //Ani ŋáò Kxoe (Hukwe) ŋgáò (Kö.) Buga ŋgáò |Ganda ŋgáò #Haba ŋáò References Vossen 500.

Number 377 Proto-West Khoe *Ua Meaning heel; ankle Khoe etymology 370 Naro ua (Ba.) References Barnard 65-66.

Number 378 Proto-West Khoe *ona Meaning three Khoe etymology 371 //Ani nóánà Naro nóná (V.) 142

|Gwi ŋóná; ng!ona (Ta.) //Gana ŋúnà; ng(!)ona (Ta.) References Barnard 122; Tanaka 97; Vossen 428.

Number 379 Proto-West Khoe *ú Meaning house, dwelling place Khoe etymology 372 //Ani ŋgú Kxoe (Hukwe) ŋgú (Kö.) Buga ŋgú |Ganda ŋgú Naro nú (V.); ú, ù (Ba.) |Gwi n!o (Ta.) //Gana ŋû; n!o (Ta.) #Haba ŋgú References Barnard 35; Tanaka 48; Vossen 447-8.

Number 380 Proto-West Khoe *ú Meaning land Khoe etymology 373 //Ani ŋú Kxoe (Hukwe) ŋú (Kö.) Buga ŋǔ |Ganda ŋú Naro nú (V.) |Gwi ú //Gana ŋú #Haba ŋú References Vossen 461.

143

Number 381 Proto-West Khoe *û Meaning far Khoe etymology 374 //Ani nû Kxoe (Hukwe) ngúù; ŋgû (Kö.) Buga ŋgû |Ganda ŋgû Naro nû (V.); n!û (Ba.); nguu (Ha.) |Gwi ŋú #Haba nû References Barnard 116; Haacke 1997: 197; KH; Vossen 507.

Number 382 Proto-West Khoe *ú Meaning porcupine Khoe etymology 375 //Ani nú Kxoe (Hukwe) ŋgw (Kö.) |Ganda ŋgúé Naro núé (V.); nǂúéé, n!úéé (Ba.) |Gwi núè; nǁoe (Ta.) //Gana ŋúé; nǁoe (Ta.) #Haba ŋúé References Barnard 38; Tanaka 73; Vossen 494.

Number 383 Proto-West Khoe *!árè Meaning foot Khoe etymology 376 //Ani nàdé 144

Kxoe (Hukwe) kyaáré; kádé (Kö.) Buga kádè |Ganda kádì Naro ádè (V.); n!árè, n!àrè, nǁàrè, nǁàrà (Ba.) |Gwi ngare (Ta.) //Gana ng!àre (Ta.) References Barnard 66; KH; Tanaka 37; Vossen 439-40.

Number 384 Proto-West Khoe *!árì Meaning to thatch Khoe etymology 377 Naro !árì (V.); g|eri (Ba.) |Gwi gíri (Ta.) //Gana g!ári (Ta.) References Barnard 158; Bleek 44; Tanaka 96.

Number 385 Proto-West Khoe *!árò Meaning badger Khoe etymology 0 Naro !áròsè (V.); g!aro (Ba.) References Barnard 37.

Number 386 Proto-West Khoe *!xáń[i] Meaning to sew Khoe etymology 378 //Ani xáń Buga x |Ganda x 145

Naro !xẽ; !x (V.); ǂxèí, ǂxě (Ba.) |Gwi !xáǹ; !hxann (Ta.) //Gana xáǹ; hxann (Ta.) #Haba xáń References Barnard 153; Tanaka 84; Visser 1998: 134; Vossen 470.

Number 387 Proto-West Khoe *!xáò Meaning hippopotamus Khoe etymology 379 //Ani xáò Kxoe (Hukwe) xáò (Kö.) Buga xáò |Ganda xáò Naro !xáò (V.); !káù (Ba.) #Haba xáò References Barnard 38; Vossen 437.

Number 388 Proto-West Khoe *!xó Meaning to stop; to catch Khoe etymology 381 //Ani !xó, xó Kxoe (Hukwe) xó (Kö.) Buga xǒ |Ganda xǒ Naro !xó (V.); !xóó (Ba.) |Gwi !xó; ho (Ta.) //Gana xó; ho (Ta.) #Haba xó References Barnard 132; Tanaka 20; Vossen 446-447.

146

Number 389 Proto-West Khoe *!ʔU Meaning forehead Khoe etymology 0 Naro kxʔáí-!ʔó (Ba.) References Barnard 63-64.

Number 390 Proto-West Khoe *!xubi Meaning salt pan; valley (esp. green area near riverbed) Khoe etymology 382 Naro !kubi, !xobi (Ba.) References Barnard 35.

Number 391 Proto-West Khoe *!xúnú Meaning to snore Khoe etymology 380 //Ani xúnú Kxoe (Hukwe) xǔnú (Kö.) Buga xùnú |Ganda xúnú Naro !xúnú (V.); !xuni (Ba.) |Gwi !xúnú; !hono (Ta.) //Gana xúnú; hono (Ta.) #Haba xúnú References Barnard 155; Tanaka 89; Vossen 486.

Number 392 Proto-West Khoe *ǁa 147

Meaning fingernail Khoe etymology 383 //Ani ǁà Kxoe (Hukwe) ǁàa Buga ǁâ References KH; Vossen 436.

Number 393 Proto-West Khoe *ǁàí Meaning shin Khoe etymology 0 //Ani ǁàí Buga ǁáì Naro ǁàí (V.); gǁe, gǁai (Ba.) References Barnard 66; Vossen 504.

Number 394 Proto-West Khoe *ǁam Meaning to bear (child) Khoe etymology 384 Naro ǁáḿ (Ba., V.) |Gwi ǁàḿ; gǂàm (Ta.) //Gana ǁà; gǂàm (Ta.) #Haba ǁáḿ References Barnard 130; Tanaka 11; Vossen 440.

Number 395 Proto-West Khoe *ǁá Meaning to feel Khoe etymology 385 //Ani ǁá 148

Kxoe (Hukwe) ǁá (Kö.) Buga ǁá |Ganda ǁá Naro ǁá (V.) |Gwi ǁá //Gana ǁá #Haba ǁá References Vossen 439.

Number 396 Proto-West Khoe *ǁámà Meaning beetle Khoe etymology 386 //Ani ǁàmá Kxoe (Hukwe) ǁǎmá (Kö.) Buga ǁámà |Ganda ǁámà Naro ǁámà (Ba., V.) |Gwi ǁámà; ǂkama (Ta.) //Gana ǁámà; ǂkama (Ta.) #Haba ǁámà References Barnard 44; Tanaka 11; Vossen 454.

Number 397 Proto-West Khoe *ǁan Meaning shoulder Khoe etymology 387 //Gana ǁáǹ References Vossen 488.

Number 398 149

Proto-West Khoe *ǁàní Meaning river current Khoe etymology 388 //Ani ǁàní Kxoe (Hukwe) ǁàní "shore" (Kö.) Naro ǁání "perennial river" (Ba.) |Gwi !kani (Ta.) "river" //Gana !kani "river" (Ta.) #Haba ǁánì "perennial river" References Barnard 35; Tanaka 80; Vossen 437.

Number 399 Proto-West Khoe *ǁáó Meaning to shoot Khoe etymology 389 //Ani ǁáó Kxoe (Hukwe) ǁáó (Kö.) Buga ǁáò |Ganda ǁáò Naro ǁáó (V.); ǁxáú, ǁháú, ǁáú (Ba.) //Gana ǁáó #Haba ǁáó References Barnard 153; Vossen 484.

Number 400 Proto-West Khoe *ǁ Meaning to fence Khoe etymology 390 //Ani ǁ Kxoe (Hukwe) ǁ (Kö.) Buga ǁ |Ganda ǁ 150

Naro ǁ (V.) References Vossen 430.

Number 401 Proto-West Khoe *ǁô Meaning bull; male Khoe etymology 391 Naro ǁô (V.); gǁóò (Ba.) References Barnard 41.

Number 402 Proto-West Khoe *ǁòà Meaning spoon, ladle Khoe etymology 392 Naro ǁòà (V.); gǁua (Ba.) References Barnard 106.

Number 403 Proto-West Khoe *ǁṍ Meaning to descend Khoe etymology 393 //Ani ǁṍ Kxoe (Hukwe) ǁṍ (Kö.) Buga ǁṍ Naro ǁṍ (V.) |Gwi !koa "descent" (Ta.) //Gana !koa "descent" (Ta.) #Haba ǁṍ References Tanaka 27; Vossen 448-49.

151

Number 404 Proto-West Khoe *ǁóé Meaning to lie down Khoe etymology 394 //Ani ǁóé Kxoe (Hukwe) ǁòe; ǁóé (Kö.) Buga ǁóé Naro ǁóé (V.); gǁuee (Ba.) //Gana ǁóé #Haba ǁóé References Barnard 145; KH; Vossen 450-51.

Number 405 Proto-West Khoe *ǁó Meaning knee Khoe etymology 395 //Ani ǁó Kxoe (Hukwe) ǁó References KH; Vossen 457.

Number 406 Proto-West Khoe *ǁó Meaning short Khoe etymology 396 //Ani ǁòḿ Kxoe (Hukwe) ǁoḿ; ǁȯḿ (Kö.) Buga ǁòḿ |Ganda ǁó Naro ǁú (V.); ǁkum (Ba.) |Gwi ǁòa; ǂkom (Ta.) //Gana ǁò; ǂkom (Ta.) #Haba ǁó 152

References Barnard 119; KH; Tanaka 86; Vossen 460.

Number 407 Proto-West Khoe *ǁoro Meaning fingernail, claw Khoe etymology 397 Naro ǁoro "finger, toe" (V.); gǂoro, ǁairo, ǁoru, ǁkxʔoro, gǁòro "fingernail" (Ba.) |Gwi !ore (Ta.) //Gana !ore (Ta.) References Barnard 66; Tanaka 64; Vossen 436.

Number 408 Proto-West Khoe *ǁû Meaning to bear (child) Khoe etymology 398 //Ani ǁû Buga ǁû |Ganda ǁû Naro gǁo (Ba.) (?) References Barnard 130; Vossen 440.

Number 409 Proto-West Khoe *ǁṹ Meaning tooth Khoe etymology 399 Kxoe (Hukwe) ǁṹ Buga ǁ Naro ǁ (V.); ǁkũõ (Ba.) |Gwi ǁṹ //Gana ǁṹ 153

#Haba ǁṵ References Barnard 64; Bleek 689; KH; Vossen 509.

Number 410 Proto-West Khoe *ǁ Meaning parent Khoe etymology 400 //Ani ǁ Kxoe (Hukwe) ǁ (Kö.) Buga ǁ |Ganda ǁ Naro ǁg (V.); gǁô, gǁû, gǁ, gǁ (Ba.) Notes Unclear voicing in Nharo. References Barnard 79; Vossen 431.

Number 411 Proto-West Khoe *ǁʔá Meaning to bloom Khoe etymology 401 //Ani ǁʔǎ Kxoe (Hukwe) ǁʔá (Kö.) Buga ǁʔá |Ganda ǁʔá Naro ǁʔaa; ǁʔá (V.) |Gwi ǁʔá; ǂā (Ta.) //Gana ǂā (Ta.) #Haba ǁʔâ References Tanaka 14; Visser 1998: 134; Vossen 425.

Number 412 Proto-West Khoe *ǁʔâ 154

Meaning to shine Khoe etymology 613 Naro ǁa (Ba.) |Gwi ǂáǂa (Ta.) //Gana ǂáǂa (Ta.) References Barnard 153; Tanaka 85.

Number 413 Proto-West Khoe *ǁʔ Meaning to fight Khoe etymology 402 //Ani ǁʔ Kxoe (Hukwe) ǁʔ (Kö.) Buga ǁʔ |Ganda ǁʔ Naro ǁʔ (V.); ǁãã (Ba.) |Gwi ǁʔ; ǂā-ku (Ta.) //Gana ǁʔ; ǂā-ku (Ta.) #Haba ǁʔ References Barnard 139; Tanaka 35; Vossen 455.

Number 414 Proto-West Khoe *ǁʔáé Meaning village; house Khoe etymology 403 //Ani ǁʔáé Kxoe (Hukwe) ǁʔáé (Kö.) Buga ǁʔáé |Ganda ǁʔáé Naro ǁʔáé (V.); ǁáí, ǁáé (Ba.) |Gwi ǁʔáé //Gana ǁʔáé 155

#Haba ǁʔáé References Barnard 32, 34; Vossen 508.

Number 415 Proto-West Khoe *ǁʔá Meaning silver jackal; bat-eared fox Khoe etymology 404 Kxoe (Hukwe) ǁʔá (Kö.) Buga ǁʔá |Ganda ǁʔá Naro ǁʔá (V.); ǁáa, ǁàà (Ba.) |Gwi ǁʔá; ǁā (Ta.) //Gana ǁʔá; ǁā (Ta.) #Haba ǁʔá References Barnard 38; Tanaka 10; Vossen 464-65.

Number 416 Proto-West Khoe *ǁʔábà Meaning sinew; bowstring Khoe etymology 405 //Ani ǁʔábà Kxoe (Hukwe) ǁʔábà (Kö.) Buga ǁʔábà |Ganda ǁʔábà Naro ǁʔábà (V.); ǁaa, ǁ(ʔ)ábà (Ba.) |Gwi ǁʔábà; !ába (Ta.) //Gana !ába (Ta.) #Haba ǁʔábà Tsaukwe $aba "bowstring" References Barnard 93; Bleek 687; Tanaka 87; Vossen 413.

156

Number 417 Proto-West Khoe *ǁʔá Meaning to exchange, barter Khoe etymology 406 Naro ǁaĩ "give in formalized exchange" (Ba.) |Gwi (?) !ton "to buy" (Ta.) //Gana ǁʔ; ǂaen "to buy" (Ta.) #Haba ǁʔ References Barnard 140; Tanaka 18; Vossen 432-3.

Number 418 Proto-West Khoe *ǁʔáḿ Meaning to clap hands Khoe etymology 407 //Ani ǁʔàḿ Kxoe (Hukwe) ǁʔáḿ (Kö.) Buga ǁʔàḿ |Ganda ǁʔáḿ Naro ǁʔáḿ (V.); ǁam (Ba.) |Gwi ǁʔáḿ //Gana ǁʔà #Haba ǁʔáḿ References Barnard 132; Bleek 554; Vossen 456.

Number 419 Proto-West Khoe *ǁʔámá Meaning to buy Khoe etymology 408 Naro ǁʔámá (V.); ǁámá (Ba.) |Gwi ǁʔàmà; ǂkama (Ta.) //Gana ǂkama (Ta.) References Barnard 131; Tanaka 18; Vossen 432-3. 157

Number 420 Proto-West Khoe *ǁʔàń[i] Meaning to ripen Khoe etymology 409 //Ani ǁʔàń Buga ǁʔ |Ganda ǁʔ Naro ǁʔ (V.) |Gwi ǁʔàǹ; !an (Ta.) //Gana ǁʔáń; !an (Ta.) #Haba ǁʔáń References Tanaka 79; Vossen 477.

Number 421 Proto-West Khoe *ǁʔáǹ[i] Meaning to live, reside Khoe etymology 410 //Ani ǁʔáǹ Kxoe (Hukwe) ǁʔáǹ (Kö.) Buga ǁʔánì Naro ǁʔ (V.); ǁáí (Ba.) |Gwi ǁʔáǹ; ǂan (Ta.) //Gana ǁʔáǹ; ǂan (Ta.) #Haba ǁʔáǹ References Barnard 145; Tanaka 30; Vossen 508.

Number 422 Proto-West Khoe *ǁʔáó Meaning to offend Khoe etymology 411 158

//Ani ǁʔáó Buga ǁʔáó |Ganda ǁʔáó |Gwi ǁʔáó //Gana ǁʔáó #Haba ǁʔáó References Vossen 422.

Number 423 Proto-West Khoe *ǁʔáù Meaning fish Khoe etymology 412 //Ani ǁʔáù Kxoe (Hukwe) ǁʔéù; ǁxʔeu (Ha.) Buga ǁʔáù |Ganda ǁʔáù Naro ǁʔáù (V.); ǁáù, ǁou, ǁʔou (Ba.) |Gwi ǁʔáù; |áo (Ta.) //Gana ǁʔáù; |áo (Ta.) #Haba ǁʔáù References Barnard 40; Haacke 1997: 198; KH; Tanaka 36; Vossen 436.

Number 424 Proto-West Khoe *ǁʔó Meaning to die Khoe etymology 413 //Ani ǁʔó Kxoe (Hukwe) ǁʔó Buga ǁʔó |Ganda ǁʔó Naro ǁʔóó; ǁʔó (V.) |Gwi ǁʔó; ǁó (Ta.) 159

//Gana ǁʔó; ǁó (Ta.) #Haba ǁʔó References Barnard 135; Tanaka 27; Visser 119; Vossen 495-6.

Number 425 Proto-West Khoe *ǁʔô Meaning to be warm, hot Khoe etymology 414 Kxoe (Hukwe) ǁʔȯ (Kö.) Buga ǁʔô Naro ǁʔoò; ǁʔô (V.) //Gana ǁʔô #Haba ǁʔô References Visser 119; Vossen 504.

Number 426 Proto-West Khoe *ǁʔṍ Meaning arm Khoe etymology 415 //Ani ǁʔṍ Kxoe (Hukwe) ǁʔṍ (Kö.) Buga ǁʔṍ |Ganda ǁʔṍ Naro ǁʔṍ (V.); ǁkʔṍ (Ba.) |Gwi ǁʔṍ; ǂoa (Ta.) //Gana ǁʔṍ; ǂoa (Ta.) #Haba ǁʔṍ Tsaukwe ǂoa References Barnard 66; Bleek 675; Tanaka 6; Vossen 416.

Number 427 160

Proto-West Khoe *ǁʔóbè Meaning to kiss Khoe etymology 416 //Ani ǁʔób Buga ǁʔoébè Naro ǁʔóbè (V.); ǁóbè, ǁʔóbè (Ba.) |Gwi ǁʔóbè //Gana (?) ǁʔúbì #Haba ǁʔóbé References Barnard 143; Vossen 461.

Number 428 Proto-West Khoe *ǁʔó Meaning to sleep Khoe etymology 417 Naro ǁʔó; ǁʔôm, ǁôm, ǁkôm (Ba.) |Gwi ǁʔóa; ǂkóm (Ta.) //Gana ǁʔó; ǂkóm (Ta.) #Haba ǁʔó References Barnard 154; Tanaka 88; Visser 119; Vossen 484.

Number 429 Proto-West Khoe *ǁʔúì Meaning to cough Khoe etymology 418 //Ani ǁʔúì Buga ǁʔúì |Ganda ǁʔúì Naro ǁʔuì; ǁʔúì (V.); ǁkʔui, ǁkui (Ba.) |Gwi ǂkói (Ta.) //Gana ǁʔúì; ǂkói (Ta.) #Haba ǁʔúì 161

References Barnard 133; Tanaka 24; Visser 119; Vossen 453.

Number 430 Proto-West Khoe *a Meaning Otis vigorsii Khoe etymology 419 Naro gǁaba, gǁa (Ba.) References Barnard 43.

Number 431 Proto-West Khoe *ae Meaning female Khoe etymology 420 //Ani ɛ= Kxoe (Hukwe) -kxoe;  (Kö.) Buga ɛ= |Ganda ɛ= Naro ae= (V.); gǁáís-khùè "woman" (Ba.) |Gwi ae=; gǁaí "female", gǁaíkue "woman" (Ta.) //Gana ɛ=; gǁaí "female", gǁaíkue "woman" (Ta.) #Haba ae= References Barnard 71; KH; Tanaka 35, 108; Vossen 506.

Number 432 Proto-West Khoe *àí Meaning cheek Khoe etymology 421 //Ani àí Naro àí (V.) Notes Irregular  in ǁAni. References Vossen 504. 162

Number 433 Proto-West Khoe *àḿ Meaning thorn Khoe etymology 422 //Ani àḿ, àḿ Buga àḿ |Ganda àḿ Naro àḿ (V.); gǁǎm (Ba.) |Gwi á; gǂam (Ta.) //Gana á; gǂam (Ta.) #Haba áḿ References Barnard 48; Tanaka 97; Vossen 428; Vossen 1986: 328 .

Number 434 Proto-West Khoe *[x]áná Meaning well, ditch Khoe etymology 423 //Ani xàná Kxoe (Hukwe) áná (Kö.) Buga áná |Ganda áná References Vossen 444.

Number 435 Proto-West Khoe *àú Meaning to suffer Khoe etymology 424 //Ani áù Kxoe (Hukwe) èú (Kö.) Buga àú 163

|Ganda àú Naro àú (V.) (?) #Haba àú References Vossen 463.

Number 436 Proto-West Khoe *ãũa Meaning spirit (occ. ancestral) Khoe etymology 425 //Ani ṹà Kxoe (Hukwe) ǁàwǎ (Kö.) Buga ṹá |Ganda ṹà Naro á (V.); ǁgaũwa (B.) #Haba á References Barnard 84; Bleek 529; Vossen 414.

Number 437 Proto-West Khoe *òé Meaning tortoise Khoe etymology 426 //Ani òé Kxoe (Hukwe) óé (Kö.) |Ganda óé Naro òé (V.); gǁoe (Ba.) |Gwi gǂoe (Ta.) //Gana òè; gǂoe (Ta.) #Haba òé References Barnard 41; Tanaka 99; Vossen 461.

Number 438 164

Proto-West Khoe *òró Meaning a k. of tree (Mopane) Khoe etymology 427 //Ani òdó (?) Kxoe (Hukwe) òdó (Kö.) Buga òdó |Ganda òdó Naro òdó (V.) |Gwi ódó //Gana ódó #Haba òdó References Vossen 420-21.

Number 439 Proto-West Khoe *ǔ Meaning chest Khoe etymology 428 //Ani ǔ Kxoe (Hukwe) ùú Naro ùu; ǔ (V.) |Gwi g!usha (Ta.) //Gana û; gusha (Ta.) References Barnard 65; KH; Tanaka 21; Visser 1998: 134; Vossen 426.

Number 440 Proto-West Khoe *ǔ Meaning to kindle Khoe etymology 429 //Ani ǔ Naro ùú; ǔ (V.) #Haba ǔ References Visser 1998: 134; Vossen 416. 165

Number 441 Proto-West Khoe *ǁhàí Meaning to pull; to smoke Khoe etymology 430 //Ani ǁhàí Buga ǁhàí |Gwi ǂkai (Ta.) //Gana ǂkai (Ta.) #Haba ǁháí "to pull" References Tanaka 89; Vossen 477.

Number 442 Proto-West Khoe *ǁháó Meaning to grow (plants) Khoe etymology 431 //Ani ǁháó Kxoe (Hukwe) ǁháó (Kö.) Buga ǁháó |Ganda ǁháó Naro ǁháó (V.) //Gana ǁhàò References Vossen 446.

Number 443 Proto-West Khoe *ǁhárà Meaning field, garden Khoe etymology 432 Naro ǁhádà (V.) |Gwi ǁhádà //Gana ǁhádà 166

#Haba ǁhádà References Vossen 435.

Number 444 Proto-West Khoe *ǁòá Meaning cave Khoe etymology 433 Naro ǁòá References Barnard 34.

Number 445 Proto-West Khoe *ǁhòé Meaning vessel Khoe etymology 434 //Ani ǁhòé Kxoe (Hukwe) ǁhòé (Kö.) Buga ǁhòé |Ganda ǁhòé References Vossen 421.

Number 446 Proto-West Khoe *ǁhui(ŋ) Meaning to breathe Khoe etymology 435 Naro ǁhùí (V.) //Gana ǁhṹ #Haba ǁhṹ References Vossen 417.

Number 447 167

Proto-West Khoe *ǁxámá Meaning hartebeest Khoe etymology 436 Naro ǁxámá, ǁhámá (Ba.) |Gwi ǁkaʔma (Ta.) //Gana ǁkaʔma (Ta.) References Barnard 39; Tanaka 44.

Number 448 Proto-West Khoe *ǁkxâ Meaning to wash Khoe etymology 437 //Ani ǁxʔâ Kxoe (Hukwe) ǁxʔáà Buga ǁxʔâ |Ganda ǁxʔâ Naro ǁxʔâ (V.); ǁxâ, ǁka (Ba.) |Gwi ǁxʔâ; ǁká (Ta.) //Gana ǁxʔâ; ǁká (Ta.) #Haba ǁxʔâ References Barnard 160; KH; Tanaka 105; Vossen 505.

Number 449 Proto-West Khoe *ǁkxâ (*-) Meaning to be satiated Khoe etymology 438 //Ani ǁxʔ Kxoe (Hukwe) ǁxʔ; ǁxʔâ (Kö.) Buga ǁxʔ |Ganda ǁxʔâ Naro ǁxʔâ (V.); ǁka "full" (Ba.) |Gwi ǁxʔâ 168

//Gana ǁxʔâ #Haba ǁxʔâ References Barnard 116; KH; Vossen 482.

Number 450 Proto-West Khoe *ǁkxáé Meaning to gather (intr.) Khoe etymology 439 //Ani ǁxʔàé Kxoe (Hukwe) ǁxʔáé Buga ǁxʔáé Naro ǁxʔáé (V.) |Gwi ǁxʔ //Gana ǁxʔáè #Haba ǁxʔáé References KH; Vossen 502.

Number 451 Proto-West Khoe *ǁkxáḿ Meaning to hit Khoe etymology 440 //Ani ǁxʔáḿ Kxoe (Hukwe) ǁxʔáḿ Buga ǁxʔáḿ |Ganda ǁxʔáḿ Naro ǁxʔáḿ (V.); ǁkám, ǁám, gǁám (Ba.) |Gwi ǁxʔáḿ; kxxam (Ta.) //Gana ǁxʔáḿ; kxxam (Ta.) #Haba ǁxʔáḿ References Barnard 142; KH; Tanaka 47; Vossen 484-85.

169

Number 452 Proto-West Khoe *ǁkxáó Meaning to chop, hack Khoe etymology 441 //Ani ǁxʔàó Kxoe (Hukwe) ǁxʔáó Buga ǁxʔáó |Ganda ǁxʔáó Naro ǁxʔáó (V.); ǁxau (Ba.) |Gwi ǁkáo (Ta.) //Gana ǁxʔáó; ǁkáo (Ta.) #Haba ǁxʔáó References Barnard 132; KH; Tanaka 21; Vossen 413.

Number 453 Proto-West Khoe *ǁkxárì Meaning scorpion Khoe etymology 442 //Ani ǁxʔádì Kxoe (Hukwe) ǁxʔérì; ǁxʔédì (Kö.) Buga ǁxʔádì |Ganda ǁxʔádì Naro ǁxʔádì (V.); ǁárì (Ba.) |Gwi ǁxʔdì; ǂkari (Ta.) //Gana ǂkari (Ta.) #Haba ǁxʔádì References Barnard 45; KH; Tanaka 83; Vossen 492.

Number 454 Proto-West Khoe *ǁkx Meaning to smell Khoe etymology 443 170

//Ani ǁxʔ Kxoe (Hukwe) ǁxʔã; ǁxʔaũ (Ha.) Buga ǁxʔ |Gwi (?) ǂkáo (Ta.) //Gana (?) ǂkáo (Ta.) #Haba ǁxʔ References Haacke 1997: 187; KH; Tanaka 88; Vossen 478.

Number 455 Proto-West Khoe *ǁkxṹ Meaning bark Khoe etymology 444 //Ani ǁxʔṹ Kxoe (Hukwe) ǁxʔṹ Buga ǁxʔ |Ganda ǁxʔṹ Naro ǁxʔ (V.); ǁṍ (Ba.) #Haba ǁʔṵ Notes The ǂHaba form is irregular. References Barnard 46; KH; Vossen 421.

Number 456 Proto-West Khoe *â Meaning horn Khoe etymology 445 //Ani nâ Kxoe (Hukwe) áà; nâ (Kö.) Buga nâ |Ganda nâ Naro nâ (V.); nǁâ (Ba.) |Gwi nâ; nǂá (Ta.) //Gana nâ; nǂá (Ta.) 171

#Haba nâ References Barnard 69; KH; Tanaka 47; Vossen 452.

Number 457 Proto-West Khoe *â Meaning to tell, narrate Khoe etymology 446 //Ani nâ Kxoe (Hukwe) nâ (Kö.) Buga nâ |Ganda nâ Naro àe; nàé (V.) #Haba nàé References Visser 1998: 134; Vossen 433.

Number 458 Proto-West Khoe *a Meaning that Khoe etymology 447 Kxoe (Hukwe) àa; nă (Kö.) Naro nà "this" (V.) References KH; Vossen 251-2.

Number 459 Proto-West Khoe *a- Meaning melon (tsama melon) Khoe etymology 448 Naro nǁae, nǁai (Ba.) |Gwi nǁann (Ta.) //Gana nǁann (Ta.) Tsaukwe ǂnai 172

References Barnard 62; Bleek 670; Tanaka 61.

Number 460 Proto-West Khoe *ábè Meaning diaphragm Khoe etymology 449 //Ani ábè Kxoe (Hukwe) ǁgb (Kö.) Buga b Naro ábè (V.) References Vossen 510-11.

Number 461 Proto-West Khoe *áì Meaning to sing Khoe etymology 450 Naro náì (V.); nǁáè, nǁáì (Ba.) |Gwi náì; nǂáe (Ta.) //Gana náì; nǂáe (Ta.) #Haba náì References Barnard 154; Tanaka 87; Vossen 491.

Number 462 Proto-West Khoe *[-rá] Meaning to count Khoe etymology 451 //Ani n Buga  |Ganda  Naro nádá (V.) |Gwi dé 173

//Gana nádá #Haba nádé References Barnard 134; Vossen 509.

Number 463 Proto-West Khoe *ámí Meaning pangolin Khoe etymology 452 //Ani námí Buga námí Naro námí (V.); nǁámí (Ba.) #Haba námí References Barnard 38; Vossen 488.

Number 464 Proto-West Khoe *áò Meaning old Khoe etymology 453 //Ani náò Buga áò |Ganda áò |Gwi náò; nǂáu (Ta.) //Gana áù; nǂáu (Ta.) #Haba  References Tanaka 67; Vossen 415.

Number 465 Proto-West Khoe *àó Meaning time of the first crops; first rains Khoe etymology 0 Naro nǁào, nǁàu "summer" (Ba.) 174

References Barnard 126.

Number 466 Proto-West Khoe *b Meaning to wander around Khoe etymology 0 //Ani nb Kxoe (Hukwe) bɛ (Kö.) Buga b |Ganda b References Vossen 449.

Number 467 Proto-West Khoe *óá Meaning stone Khoe etymology 454 //Ani nóá Kxoe (Hukwe) góá; óá (Kö.); ǂgnoa (Pa.) Buga óá |Ganda óá Naro n (V.); nǁ, nǁ (Ba.) |Gwi òá; n|oa (Ta.) //Gana óá; n|oa (Ta.) #Haba n Tsaukwe ǂgoa References Barnard 35; Bleek 647; KH; Tanaka 92; Vossen 495.

Number 468 Proto-West Khoe *óé Meaning moon, month Khoe etymology 455 175

//Ani nó Kxoe (Hukwe) gó; ó (Kö.) Buga ó |Ganda óé Naro (n)óé (V.); nǁúé, nǁóé (Ba.) |Gwi óè; nǁoe (Ta.) //Gana óè; nǁoe (Ta.) #Haba nóè Tsaukwe ǂgnoe References Barnard 33; Bleek 647; KH; Tanaka 62; Vossen 467-68.

Number 469 Proto-West Khoe *ó Meaning to have the mouth full Khoe etymology 456 //Ani nó Kxoe (Hukwe) nó (Kö.) #Haba nḿ "verschlingen" References Vossen 504.

Number 470 Proto-West Khoe *órì Meaning nephew, niece Khoe etymology 457 //Ani nódì Kxoe (Hukwe) nódi (Kö.) Buga ódì |Ganda údì |Gwi ódì; n!ódim (Ta.) //Gana n!ódim (Ta.) References Tanaka 64; Vossen 471.

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Number 471 Proto-West Khoe *ubu Meaning to shake Khoe etymology 458 Kxoe (Hukwe) úb (Kö.) Buga úbù Naro nùbú (V.) #Haba núbú References Vossen 427.

Number 472 Proto-West Khoe *úì Meaning fat, oil Khoe etymology 459 //Ani núì Kxoe (Hukwe) gúì; úì (Kö.) Buga úì |Ganda úì Naro (n)úì (V.); nǁúè (Ba.) |Gwi úì; nǂúi (Ta.) //Gana úì; nǂúi (Ta.) #Haba núì References Barnard 68; KH; Tanaka 34; Vossen 435.

Number 473 Proto-West Khoe *ábò Meaning shoe, sandal Khoe etymology 460 //Ani nàbó Kxoe (Hukwe) ǁàbo (Kö.); gắvō (W.) |Ganda ǁábò 177

Naro nàbó (V.); nǁàbó (Ba.) |Gwi àbó; nǂabù (Ta.) //Gana àbò; nǂabù (Ta.) #Haba nàbó References Barnard 101; Bleek 45; Tanaka 85; Vossen 481.

Number 474 Proto-West Khoe *ǁáú Meaning to show Khoe etymology 461 //Ani ǁáú Kxoe (Hukwe) ǁéú (Kö.) Buga ǁáú |Ganda ǁáú References Vossen 509.

Number 475 Proto-West Khoe *ǁqárà Meaning a k. of acacia/aloe Khoe etymology 462 //Ani ǁqádà Kxoe (Hukwe) ǁqádè (Kö.) Buga ǁqádà Naro ǁádà (V.) |Gwi ǁádà //Gana ǁádà #Haba ǁádà References Vossen 415.

Number 476 Proto-West Khoe *ǁqho[-be/-re] 178

Meaning to open Khoe etymology 463 //Ani ǁxódé Kxoe (Hukwe) qud (Kö.) Buga qùd "aufdecken" Naro ǁxòbé (V., Ba.) //Gana ǁxʔóbè #Haba ǁxóbé References Barnard 147; Vossen 473.

Number 477 Proto-West Khoe *xa Meaning that Khoe etymology 464 Kxoe (Hukwe) xă (Kö.) References Vossen 252.

Number 478 Proto-West Khoe *ǁxábà Meaning shoulderblade Khoe etymology 465 //Ani (|áḿ-)ǁxàbà Kxoe (Hukwe) (|áḿ-)ǁxàbà (Kö.) Naro ǁxábà (V.); ǁxaba "point between shoulderblades" (Ba.) #Haba ǁxábà References Barnard 67; Vossen 488.

Number 479 Proto-West Khoe *ǁxábì Meaning to unroll, unwind Khoe etymology 466 179

//Ani ǁxábì Kxoe (Hukwe) ǁxébì (Kö.) Buga ǁxébì |Ganda ǁxébì Naro ǁxábí (V.) //Gana ǁxábà #Haba ǁxábì References Vossen 413.

Number 480 Proto-West Khoe *ǁKai Meaning to turn, ward off Khoe etymology 467 Naro ǁkai "turn around" (Ba.) References Barnard 159.

Number 481 Proto-West Khoe *ǁxàó Meaning spear, assegai Khoe etymology 468 //Ani ǁxáó Kxoe (Hukwe) ǁxàó (Kö.) Buga ǁxáó Naro ǁxàó (V.); ǁxàú, ǁkàú, ǁhàú "knife, spear" (Ba.) |Gwi ǁxáò; kxaui (Ta.) //Gana kxaui (Ta.) #Haba ǁxáò Tsaukwe ǂkxau "assegai" References Barnard 93-94; Bleek 667; Tanaka 90; Vossen 492.

Number 482 180

Proto-West Khoe *ǁxàú Meaning to spread Khoe etymology 0 //Ani ǁxáú Kxoe (Hukwe) ǁxèú (Kö.) Buga ǁxàú |Ganda ǁxàú Naro ǁxàú (V.); ǁxauë "stretch" (Ba.) #Haba ǁxáú Notes Cf. also PEKH *ǁgaũ id.? References Barnard 156; Vossen 418.

Number 483 Proto-West Khoe *ǁxó Meaning dry Khoe etymology 469 //Ani ǁxó Buga ǁxǒ Naro ǁkoʔe "to dry" (Ba.) |Gwi ǁxó //Gana ǁxó #Haba ǁxó References Barnard 137; Vossen 498.

Number 484 Proto-West Khoe *ǁxó Meaning river Khoe etymology 470 //Ani ǁxó Kxoe (Hukwe) ǁxó (Kö.); ǁkxom (Ha.) Buga ǁxó |Ganda ǁxó 181

//Gana ǁxó References Haacke 1997: 186; Vossen 437.

Number 485 Proto-West Khoe *ǁxú Meaning warthog Khoe etymology 471 //Ani ǁxú Kxoe (Hukwe) ǁxǔ (Kö.) Buga ǁxǔ |Ganda ǁxù Naro ǁxǔ (V.); ǁxo, ǁo (Ba.) |Gwi ǁxú; ǁtou (Ta.) //Gana ǁtou (Ta.) #Haba ǁxú References Barnard 37; Tanaka 105; Vossen 505.

Number 486 Proto-West Khoe *ǁabi Meaning mountain Khoe etymology 658 Naro ǁábí (V.); g!abi (Ba.); ǁkapi (Ha.) |Gwi !kabì "mountain" (Ta.), ǂkabì "hill" (Ta.) //Gana !kabì (Ta.), ǂkabì "hill" (Ta.) References Barnard 34; Haacke 1997: 161; Tanaka 46, 63.

Number 487 Proto-West Khoe *ǁ(ɣ)aru Meaning wild dog Khoe etymology 472 Naro ǁd (V.); ǁaru (Ba.) 182

|Gwi ǁxádú //Gana ǁádù; ǂkaru (Ta.) #Haba ǁádú Notes Unclear ǁx- in |Gwi. References Barnard 38; Tanaka 112; Vossen 507.

Number 488 Proto-West Khoe *ǁxau Meaning forest, veld Khoe etymology 473 Naro ǁxáú; kʔau, ǁxau (Ba.) |Gwi ǂkau (Ta.) //Gana ǂkau (Ta.) References Barnard 34; Tanaka 108; Visser 110.

Number 489 Proto-West Khoe *tĩ Meaning to ask Khoe etymology 149 Naro tẽ; t (V.); t, t (Ba.) References Barnard 129; Visser 1998: 134; Vossen 438.

Number 490 Proto-West Khoe *|(ʔ)i Meaning to shave Khoe etymology 199 |Gwi |ī (Ta.) //Gana |ī (Ta.) References Tanaka 85.

183

Number 491 Proto-West Khoe *!ʔaba Meaning to climb Khoe etymology 476 Naro ǂaba, !aba (Ba.) |Gwi !ába (Ta.) //Gana ába (Ta.) References Barnard 132; Tanaka 21.

Number 492 Proto-West Khoe *ai(ŋ) Meaning poison Khoe etymology 479 Naro g!ai-xa (Ba.) |Gwi g!ain (Ta.) //Gana g!ain (Ta.) References Barnard 107; Tanaka 73.

Number 493 Proto-West Khoe *ǁabu Meaning wing Khoe etymology 480 Naro ǁkabu (Ba.) References Barnard 70.

Number 494 Proto-West Khoe *ǂe Meaning to pull Khoe etymology 481 Naro ǂkee (Ba.) |Gwi !kaé (Ta.) 184

//Gana !té (Ta.) References Barnard 149; Tanaka 75.

Number 495 Proto-West Khoe *|ore Meaning to pray Khoe etymology 482 Naro |o[e]re; |kore (Ba.) References Barnard 149; Visser 1998: 131.

Number 496 Proto-West Khoe *su Meaning pot Khoe etymology 483 Naro súú, susi (Ba.) |Gwi shu (Ta.) //Gana shu (Ta.) References Barnard 105; Tanaka 73.

Number 497 Proto-West Khoe *ha(ŋ) Meaning to exist Khoe etymology 484 //Ani hà Naro hana, hanáá (Ba.) |Gwi ha (Ta.) //Gana ha (Ta.) References Barnard 137; Tanaka 33; Vossen 1998: 298.

Number 498 185

Proto-West Khoe *|ana Meaning poor Khoe etymology 486 Naro |kãna (Ba.) References Barnard 119.

Number 501 Proto-West Khoe *|qéí Meaning to sprinkle Khoe etymology 490 //Ani |qáí Kxoe (Hukwe) |qéí (Kö.) Buga |qéí 186

|Ganda |qéí References Vossen 1992: 378.

Number 502 Proto-West Khoe *qoárá Meaning to peel Khoe etymology 491 Kxoe (Hukwe) qwǎrá (Kö.) Buga qwárá |Ganda qwárá References Vossen 1992: 381.

Number 503 Proto-West Khoe *ǁqòḿ Meaning to rinse (the mouth) Khoe etymology 492 //Ani ǁqòḿ References Vossen 1992: 386.

Number 504 Proto-West Khoe *(!)q(h)áè Meaning darkness Khoe etymology 493 |Gwi hxaè (Ta.), hxaeshika "night" (Ta.) //Gana qáè; hxaè (Ta.), hxaeshika "night" (Ta.) References Tanaka 26; Vossen 1992: 386.

Number 505 Proto-West Khoe *qá Meaning to hold in the mouth 187

Khoe etymology 494 //Ani qá Buga qá |Ganda qá References Vossen 1992: 381.

Number 507 Proto-West Khoe *ǂqáré Meaning to break, peel, thresh Khoe etymology 496 //Ani ǂqré Kxoe (Hukwe) ǂqáré (Kö.) Buga ǂqáré |Ganda ǂqáré References Vossen 1992: 379.

Number 508 Proto-West Khoe *ǂqô Meaning to re-erect (plants) Khoe etymology 497 //Ani ǂqô 188

Buga ǂqô |Ganda ǂqô References Vossen 1992: 380.

Number 509 Proto-West Khoe *ǂqáḿ Meaning to wrap up Khoe etymology 498 //Ani ǂqáḿ Kxoe (Hukwe) ǂqáḿ (Kö.) Buga ǂqàḿ |Ganda ǂqàḿ References Vossen 1992: 380.

Number 510 Proto-West Khoe *(!)qùí Meaning to move oneʔs body Khoe etymology 499 Kxoe (Hukwe) qúí "to move (of animalʔs ear)" (Kö.) Buga qùí |Ganda qùí References Vossen 1992: 381.

Number 511 Proto-West Khoe *ǂqá Meaning to quarrel Khoe etymology 500 Buga ǂqá |Ganda ǂqá References Vossen 1992: 371.

189

Number 512 Proto-West Khoe *qae Meaning marula tree Khoe etymology 501 //Ani qàé Kxoe (Hukwe) qàé (Kö.) Buga qáé |Ganda qáé References Vossen 1992: 377.

Number 513 Proto-West Khoe *ǁqáb Meaning to hang up, pack up Khoe etymology 502 //Ani ǁqáb "to pack up, hang over" Buga ǁqb "to hang up" |Ganda ǁqb "to hang up" References Vossen 1992: 381.

Number 514 Proto-West Khoe *dǔ Meaning Medizinkohle Khoe etymology 506 Kxoe (Hukwe) dǔ (Kö.) References Vossen 417.

Number 515 Proto-West Khoe *ǁxúrú Meaning blunt Khoe etymology 0 190

//Ani ǁxúrú References Vossen 60.

Number 516 Proto-West Khoe *krì Meaning to shake Khoe etymology 0 Naro krì "to move" #Haba krḭ References Visser 1998: 130; Vossen 145.

Number 517 Proto-West Khoe *xóé Meaning to scratch Khoe etymology 507 //Ani xó |Gwi hoe (Ta.) //Gana hoe (Ta.) References Tanaka 83; Vossen 148.

Number 518 Proto-West Khoe *gúá (*-) Meaning hyaena Khoe etymology 0 Kxoe (Hukwe) wú (Kö.) (?) Buga gúá References Köhler 1981: 486; Vossen 148.

Number 519 Proto-West Khoe *ǁxau 191

Meaning to rub Khoe etymology 0 //Gana ǁxáù References Vossen 148.

Number 520 Proto-West Khoe *ui Meaning to help Khoe etymology 508 Naro wùí (V.); wi (Ba.) |Gwi wùí References Barnard 142; Vossen 148.

Number 521 Proto-West Khoe *!ʔom Meaning antheap Khoe etymology 0 //Ani !ʔòḿ References Vossen 149.

Number 522 Proto-West Khoe *óró Meaning tree bark Khoe etymology 0 Buga ódó Notes An isolated Buga form; possibly a borrowing from a North Khoisan source. References Vossen 149.

Number 523 192

Proto-West Khoe *ǁuri Meaning to follow Khoe etymology 0 Naro ǁùrí (Ba.) |Gwi ǁùrí References Barnard 139; Vossen 149.

Number 524 Proto-West Khoe *ǂunu Meaning to massage Khoe etymology 0 #Haba ǂúnú References Vossen 149.

Number 525 Proto-West Khoe *ǁe Meaning to think Khoe etymology 0 Buga ǁ References Vossen 155.

Number 526 Proto-West Khoe *!óá Meaning to hunt Khoe etymology 0 Buga !óá References Vossen 155.

Number 527 Proto-West Khoe *cʔàrí 193

Meaning to extinguish Khoe etymology 509 Buga cʔàrí Naro tsʔírí, tsírí (Ba.) |Gwi chiri (Ta.) //Gana chiri (Ta.) References Barnard 138; Tanaka 33; Vossen 155.

Number 528 Proto-West Khoe *che Meaning to drive away Khoe etymology 0 //Ani chě References Vossen 156.

Number 529 Proto-West Khoe *!ʔaĩ Meaning to cut Khoe etymology 0 Naro !ʔ (V.); !ai (Ba.) References Barnard 135; Vossen 156.

Number 530 Proto-West Khoe *!ʔa Meaning to separate Khoe etymology 510 Naro !ʔá (V.) References Vossen 156.

Number 531 194

Proto-West Khoe *ĩ Meaning to look around Khoe etymology 511 Naro n (V.) References Vossen 156.

Number 532 Proto-West Khoe *(!)guru Meaning quiver Khoe etymology 512 Kxoe (Hukwe) gùrú (Kö.) References Vossen 165.

Number 533 Proto-West Khoe *|ʔúbì Meaning thumb Khoe etymology 0 Kxoe (Hukwe) |ʔúbì (Kö.) References Vossen 165.

Number 534 Proto-West Khoe *ǂʔíjo Meaning snake Khoe etymology 689 Kxoe (Hukwe) ǂʔíyo; ǂʔíyȯ (Kö.) References KH; Vossen 165.

Number 535 Proto-West Khoe *to[b]e Meaning root 195

Khoe etymology 665 Kxoe (Hukwe) tò; to (Kö.) Buga tóɛ Naro tbe; tʔǒbé, tʔb (Ba.) |Gwi tabe (Ta.) //Gana tabe (Ta.) References Barnard 47; KH; Köhler 1966: 151; Tanaka 11; Visser 1998: 130; Vossen 166.

Number 536 Proto-West Khoe *-bà Meaning m. sg. marker for nouns Khoe etymology 513 //Ani -mà Kxoe (Hukwe) -mà (Kö.) Buga -mà |Ganda -mà Naro -ba, -m (V.) |Gwi -mà //Gana -mà #Haba -mà, -bà References Vossen 171-72.

Number 537 Proto-West Khoe *-sì Meaning f. sg. marker for nouns Khoe etymology 514 //Ani -h Kxoe (Hukwe) -h (Kö.) Buga -sì |Ganda -sì Naro -sa, -s (V.) 196

|Gwi -sà //Gana -sà #Haba -sà Notes The -à is by analogy with *-bà. References Vossen 170-71.

Number 538 Proto-West Khoe *-tsà[ra] Meaning m. du. marker for nouns Khoe etymology 516 //Ani -tsà Kxoe (Hukwe) -tҫà (Kö.) Buga -tsà |Ganda -tsà Naro -tsara (V.) |Gwi -tsèrà //Gana -tsèrà #Haba -tsèrà References Vossen 171-72.

Number 539 Proto-West Khoe *-sà[ra] Meaning f. du. marker for nouns Khoe etymology 517 //Ani -sà Kxoe (Hukwe) -ҫà (Kö.) Buga -sà |Ganda -sà Naro -sara (V.) |Gwi -sèrà //Gana -sèrà #Haba -sèrà 197

References Vossen 171-72.

Number 540 Proto-West Khoe *-khà[ra] Meaning n. du. marker for nouns Khoe etymology 518 //Ani -khùà Kxoe (Hukwe) -kxà (Kö.) Buga -khyà |Ganda -khyà Naro -khoara (V.) |Gwi -khòàrà, -khòrà //Gana -khòàrà #Haba -khòàrà References Vossen 171-172.

Number 541 Proto-West Khoe *-ǁù[a] Meaning m. pl. marker for nouns Khoe etymology 519 //Ani -ǁùà Kxoe (Hukwe) -ǁùà (Kö.) Buga -ǁù |Ganda -ǁù Naro -ǁua (V.) |Gwi -ǁùà //Gana -ǁùà #Haba -ǁùà References Vossen 171-72.

Number 542 198

Proto-West Khoe *-ʒì Meaning f. pl. marker for nouns Khoe etymology 520 //Ani -ʒì Kxoe (Hukwe) -djì (Kö.) Buga -ʒì |Ganda -ʒì Naro zi "they (f.pl.)"; -ʒi (V.) |Gwi -ʒè //Gana -ʒè #Haba -ʒè, -ʒì References Visser 120; Vossen 171-172.

Number 543 Proto-West Khoe *-nà Meaning n. pl. marker in nouns Khoe etymology 521 //Ani -nà Kxoe (Hukwe) -nà (Kö.) Buga -nà |Ganda -nà Naro -na, -ni, -n (V.) |Gwi -nà //Gana -nà #Haba -nà References Vossen 170-71.

Number 544 Proto-West Khoe *dì Meaning relative particle Khoe etymology 522 //Ani dì 199

Kxoe (Hukwe) dì (Kö.) Naro dì (V.) References Vossen passim.

Number 545 Proto-West Khoe *(!)koe Meaning not to wish Khoe etymology 0 Kxoe (Hukwe) kw (Kö.) References Vossen 176.

Number 546 Proto-West Khoe *!hùrí Meaning sprießen Khoe etymology 0 //Ani !hùrí References Vossen 179.

Number 547 Proto-West Khoe *qàmá Meaning to regret Khoe etymology 0 //Ani qàmá Kxoe (Hukwe) qǎmá (Kö.) References Vossen 179; Vossen 1992: 381.

Number 548 Proto-West Khoe *cʔó Meaning to drive cattle Khoe etymology 0 200

//Ani cʔó References Vossen 180.

Number 549 Proto-West Khoe *-kà Meaning causative suffix Khoe etymology 0 //Ani -kà Kxoe (Hukwe) -kà (Kö.) Buga -kà |Ganda -kà Naro -ká-xù (V.) |Gwi -kà-xú //Gana -kà-xù #Haba -kà-xú References Vossen 193, 208.

Number 550 Proto-West Khoe *-sì Meaning causative suffix Khoe etymology 529 //Ani -sì References Vossen 193.

Number 551 Proto-West Khoe *-mà Meaning dative suffix Khoe etymology 528 //Ani -mà Kxoe (Hukwe) -mȧ (Kö.) Buga -mà 201

|Ganda -mà Naro -má (V.) |Gwi -mâ #Haba -mà References Vossen 193, 209.

Number 552 Proto-West Khoe *khô Meaning to gather Khoe etymology 0 //Ani khô References Vossen 193.

Number 553 Proto-West Khoe *-sǹ Meaning reflexive suffix Khoe etymology 527 //Ani -sàn Kxoe (Hukwe) -śan; -ҫȧn (Kö.) Buga -hànì |Ganda -hànì Naro -sí (V.) |Gwi -sì //Gana -hè #Haba -si References KH; Vossen 193, 209.

Number 554 Proto-West Khoe *qòḿ Meaning to bend Khoe etymology 0 202

Buga qòḿ |Ganda qòḿ References Vossen 193.

Number 555 Proto-West Khoe *-kù Meaning reciprocal suffix Khoe etymology 526 //Ani -kù Kxoe (Hukwe) -k (Kö.) Buga -kù |Ganda -kù Naro -k (V.) |Gwi -kù //Gana -kù #Haba -kù References Vossen 194, 209.

Number 556 Proto-West Khoe *dǒ Meaning to agree with Khoe etymology 0 //Ani dó "to love, agree" Kxoe (Hukwe) dǒ (Kö.) References Vossen 194; Vossen 1986: 333.

Number 557 Proto-West Khoe *-kxào Meaning inclinative suffix Khoe etymology 0 //Ani -kxʔàò 203

Kxoe (Hukwe) -kxʔàò (Kö.) Naro -kxʔáó (V.) #Haba -kxʔàò References Vossen 194, 209.

Number 558 Proto-West Khoe *-ŋa(ŋ) Meaning negative suffix Khoe etymology 0 //Ani -ŋã Kxoe (Hukwe) -ŋá (Kö.) References Vossen 194.

Number 559 Proto-West Khoe *-!ʔò Meaning directive/locative suffix Khoe etymology 0 //Ani -ʔò Kxoe (Hukwe) -ʔȯ (Kö.) Buga -ʔò |Ganda -ʔò Naro -!ʔô (V.) //Gana -ʔò #Haba -kʔó References Vossen 194, 209.

Number 560 Proto-West Khoe *-ti Meaning frequentative suffix Khoe etymology 0 //Ani -t(í) 204

References Vossen 194.

Number 562 Proto-West Khoe *-xu Meaning terminative suffix Khoe etymology 0 //Ani -xú Kxoe (Hukwe) -xú (Kö.) Buga -xu |Ganda -xu Naro -xú (V.) |Gwi -xù //Gana -xò #Haba -xú References Vossen 194, 209.

Number 563 Proto-West Khoe *ǁòbǎ Meaning to cover Khoe etymology 0 205

Kxoe (Hukwe) ǁòàbǎ (Kö.) References Vossen 194.

Number 564 Proto-West Khoe *ǂxǎ Meaning to give Khoe etymology 650 //Ani ǂxá Kxoe (Hukwe) ǂxàá; ǂxǎ (Kö.) Buga ǂxǎ |Ganda ǂxǎ References Köhler 1981: 489; KH; Vossen 194; Vossen 1986: 329.

Number 565 Proto-West Khoe *-sà Meaning intentional suffix Khoe etymology 0 Kxoe (Hukwe) -ҫȧ (Kö.) Buga -sà |Ganda -sà |Gwi (?) -à References Vossen 194, 209.

Number 566 Proto-West Khoe *ǂhě Meaning to mix Khoe etymology 0 Buga ǂhě |Ganda ǂhě References Vossen 195.

206

Number 567 Proto-West Khoe *ǁe Meaning to decide Khoe etymology 0 Kxoe (Hukwe) ǁ (Kö.) References Vossen 196.

Number 568 Proto-West Khoe *(!)kxoe Meaning to scoop water (out of a bucket) Khoe etymology 0 Kxoe (Hukwe) kxʔóé (Kö.) References Vossen 196.

Number 569 Proto-West Khoe *sṹ Meaning to hasten Khoe etymology 0 //Ani sṹ Kxoe (Hukwe) ҫ (Kö.) References Köhler 1981: 501; Vossen 198.

Number 570 Proto-West Khoe *ʒú Meaning abschöpfen Khoe etymology 0 //Ani ʒú References Vossen 198.

207

Number 571 Proto-West Khoe *-tè Meaning present tense suffix Khoe etymology 0 //Ani -tè Kxoe (Hukwe) -tè (Kö.) Buga -tè |Ganda -tè References Vossen 202.

Number 572 Proto-West Khoe *-ue Meaning ingressive suffix Khoe etymology 0 //Ani -nùà Kxoe (Hukwe) -nùè (Kö.) References Vossen 202.

Number 573 Proto-West Khoe *-ǁòè Meaning habitual suffix Khoe etymology 0 //Ani -ǁòè Kxoe (Hukwe) -ǁòè (Kö.) References Vossen 202.

Number 574 Proto-West Khoe *-hĩ Meaning longpast tense suffix Khoe etymology 0 //Ani -h 208

Kxoe (Hukwe) -h (Kö.) References Vossen 202.

Number 575 Proto-West Khoe *-tĩ Meaning nearpast tense suffix Khoe etymology 0 Kxoe (Hukwe) -t (Kö.) References Vossen 202.

Number 576 Proto-West Khoe *-ǁʔò Meaning nearpast tense suffix Khoe etymology 0 //Ani -ǁʔò Kxoe (Hukwe) -ǁʔò (Kö.) References Vossen 202.

Number 577 Proto-West Khoe *-tà Meaning very-near-past tense suffix Khoe etymology 0 //Ani -tà Kxoe (Hukwe) -tà (Kö.) Buga -ta |Ganda -ta Naro -tu (V.) (?) #Haba (?) -tu References Vossen 202, 211.

209

Number 578 Proto-West Khoe *-kò Meaning gerundivum suffix Khoe etymology 0 Kxoe (Hukwe) -kò (Kö.) Naro -kò (V.) References Vossen 202, 211.

Number 579 Proto-West Khoe *-hã Meaning preterite suffix Khoe etymology 530 //Ani -h Kxoe (Hukwe) -hã (Kö.) Buga -hà |Ganda -hà Naro -hã, -ha (V.) |Gwi -hã, -ha //Gana -hã, -ha #Haba -hã, -ha References Vossen 202, 211.

Number 580 Proto-West Khoe *-gòè Meaning future tense suffix Khoe etymology 0 //Ani -gòè(nè) Kxoe (Hukwe) -gòè (Kö.) Buga -gòè |Ganda -gòè Naro -ga, -ka (V.) (?) //Gana (?) -ga, -ka 210

References Vossen 202, 211.

Number 581 Proto-West Khoe *-bé Meaning negation morpheme Khoe etymology 662 //Ani -bé Kxoe (Hukwe) bé; -bé(é) (Kö.) Buga -bé |Ganda -bé References KH; Vossen 203.

Number 582 Proto-West Khoe *-ko Meaning present tense suffix Khoe etymology 0 Naro -ko (V.) //Gana -ko #Haba -ko References Vossen 211.

Number 583 Proto-West Khoe *-ke Meaning very-near-past tense suffix Khoe etymology 0 |Gwi -ke "present suffix" //Gana -ke #Haba -ke References Vossen 211.

211

Number 584 Proto-West Khoe *-ta[ma] Meaning negation morpheme Khoe etymology 525 Naro -tá, -tȧmȧ (V.) //Gana tàmà References Vossen 214.

Number 585 Proto-West Khoe *ǁqě Meaning to flesh Khoe etymology 0 Buga ǁq |Ganda ǁq References Vossen 1992: 387.

Number 586 Proto-West Khoe *(!)qa[i]ru Meaning to long for some particular food Khoe etymology 0 //Ani qáírù References Vossen 1992: 387.

Number 587 Proto-West Khoe *|quri Meaning to suck in the mouth Khoe etymology 0 //Ani |qúrí References Vossen 1992: 387.

212

Number 588 Proto-West Khoe *ǂqã Meaning to suck fruits Khoe etymology 0 //Ani ǂq References Vossen 1992: 387.

Number 589 Proto-West Khoe *ǂqámì Meaning to fly (of sparks) Khoe etymology 0 //Ani ǂqámì References Vossen 1992: 387.

Number 590 Proto-West Khoe *ǁqòbé Meaning to scoop water from a bucket Khoe etymology 0 //Ani ǁqòbé References Vossen 1992: 387.

Number 591 Proto-West Khoe *ǁqáró Meaning to paddle Khoe etymology 0 //Ani ǁqáró References Vossen 1992: 387.

Number 592 Proto-West Khoe *!qũĩ 213

Meaning to be pregnant Khoe etymology 0 |Gwi !qw References Vossen 1992: 387.

Number 593 Proto-West Khoe *ǁqũĩ Meaning to clear oneʔs throat Khoe etymology 0 |Gwi ǁqw References Vossen 1992: 387.

Number 594 Proto-West Khoe *(!)qóàn Meaning to shake, vibrate Khoe etymology 0 //Gana qóàn References Vossen 1992: 387.

Number 595 Proto-West Khoe *(!)qabi Meaning guts Khoe etymology 0 //Gana qábì References Vossen 1992: 386.

Number 596 Proto-West Khoe *!q Meaning vein, sinew Khoe etymology 0 214

//Gana !q References Vossen 1992: 386.

Number 598 Proto-West Khoe *ǂqae Meaning calf (of leg) Khoe etymology 0 //Ani ǂqáè References Vossen 1992: 386.

Number 599 Proto-West Khoe *qaru Meaning salt-lick Khoe etymology 0 Naro qàrú-sá (V.) |Gwi qárú "pit-trap" //Gana qárú References Vossen 1992: 378, 385, 386.

Number 600 215

Proto-West Khoe *ǁqom (?) Meaning cloud Khoe etymology 643 Kxoe (Hukwe) ǁòm; ǁkom (Ha.) (?) Buga qó |Ganda qó Naro oma References Haacke 1997: 202; KH; Visser 59; Vossen 1992: 385.

Number 601 Proto-West Khoe *(!)qai Meaning dust; salt-lick Khoe etymology 0 Buga qáì |Ganda qáì References Vossen 1992: 385.

Number 602 Proto-West Khoe *ǂqo[bo] Meaning mud Khoe etymology 0 //Ani ǂqǒ Kxoe (Hukwe) ǂqbȯ "clay" (Kö.) Buga ǂqôpò |Ganda ǂqôpò References Vossen 1992: 385.

Number 603 Proto-West Khoe *ǁqau Meaning sunset glow Khoe etymology 531 216

//Ani ǁqáú Kxoe (Hukwe) ǁqéú (Kö.) Buga ǁqáú |Ganda ǁqáú References Vossen 1992: 385.

Number 604 Proto-West Khoe *ǂqoro Meaning puddle Khoe etymology 0 //Ani ǂqórò References Vossen 1992: 385.

Number 605 Proto-West Khoe *ǁqui Meaning whirlpool Khoe etymology 0 //Ani ǁqúí References Vossen 1992: 385.

Number 607 217

Proto-West Khoe *qxana Meaning hemp sp. Khoe etymology 0 |Ganda (?) qànà "shrub sp." Naro qxánà (V.) References Vossen 1992: 384.

Number 608 Proto-West Khoe *qarati Meaning timber Khoe etymology 0 //Ani qárátì Kxoe (Hukwe) qàráti (Kö.) Buga qárátì |Ganda qárátì References Vossen 1992: 384.

Number 609 Proto-West Khoe *ǂqá Meaning heap of reeds floating on a river Khoe etymology 0 //Ani ǂqá References Vossen 1992: 384.

Number 610 Proto-West Khoe *!qobu Meaning fruit-bearing plant Khoe etymology 0 //Ani !qòbú References Vossen 1992: 384.

218

Number 611 Proto-West Khoe *ǁqam Meaning spiderweb Khoe etymology 0 //Ani ǁqá References Vossen 1992: 384.

Number 612 Proto-West Khoe *|qĩ Meaning to castrate Khoe etymology 0 Buga |q |Ganda |q References Vossen 1992: 384.

Number 613 Proto-West Khoe *ǂqobe Meaning frog Khoe etymology 0 //Ani ǂqòb Buga ǂqóbé |Ganda ǂqóbé References Vossen 1992: 383.

Number 614 Proto-West Khoe *|qobe Meaning black biting fly Khoe etymology 532 //Ani |qóbé References Vossen 1992: 383. 219

Number 615 Proto-West Khoe *ǂqoni Meaning millipede Khoe etymology 0 //Ani ǁùrú-ǂqòní-ǂqònì Buga ǂqòní-ǂqònì |Ganda ǂqòní-ǂqònì References Vossen 1992: 383.

Number 616 Proto-West Khoe *ǁquru Meaning leguan Khoe etymology 0 Buga ǁqúrú |Ganda ǁqúrú Notes Cf. ǁAni ǁqòńdo "lizard"? References Vossen 1992: 383.

Number 617 Proto-West Khoe *|qei Meaning hartebeest Khoe etymology 0 |Gwi |qéí References Vossen 1992: 383.

Number 618 Proto-West Khoe *qoro Meaning fowl Khoe etymology 0 220

Kxoe (Hukwe) qórȯ "gallinaceous" (Kö.) Buga qórò |Ganda qórò References Vossen 1992: 382, 384.

Number 619 Proto-West Khoe *!qoa Meaning a k. of waterbird Khoe etymology 0 //Ani !qòá "watercrane (?)" Buga !qóá "ibis" |Ganda !qóá "ibis" References Vossen 1992: 382.

Number 620 Proto-West Khoe *que Meaning lourie Khoe etymology 0 Buga qú |Ganda qú References Vossen 1992: 382.

Number 621 Proto-West Khoe *|qoro Meaning pied kingfisher Khoe etymology 0 Buga |qóró |Ganda |qóró References Vossen 1992: 382.

221

Number 622 Proto-West Khoe *qo Meaning wattled crane Khoe etymology 0 Buga qǒ |Ganda qǒ References Vossen 1992: 382.

Number 623 Proto-West Khoe *qugu Meaning to demand Khoe etymology 0 Kxoe (Hukwe) qǔg (Kö.) Buga qǔgú |Ganda qǔgú References Vossen 1992: 382.

Number 624 Proto-West Khoe *ǁqaĩ Meaning to anoint Khoe etymology 0 Kxoe (Hukwe) ǁq (Kö.) Buga ǁq |Ganda ǁq References Vossen 1992: 381.

Number 625 Proto-West Khoe *|qunu Meaning to ferment Khoe etymology 533 Kxoe (Hukwe) |qún (Kö.) 222

Buga |qúnú //Gana |qúnú References Vossen 1992: 378.

Number 626 Proto-West Khoe *ǂa Meaning scar Khoe etymology 0 //Ani ǂá References Vossen 1986: 324.

Number 627 Proto-West Khoe *soen Meaning to slide on the ground Khoe etymology 0 //Ani sóèǹ References Vossen 1986: 324.

Number 628 Proto-West Khoe *ara Meaning to scarify Khoe etymology 0 //Ani árà References Vossen 1986: 328.

Number 629 Proto-West Khoe *u Meaning a k. of waterplant Khoe etymology 0 //Ani ǔ 223

References Vossen 1986: 328.

Number 630 Proto-West Khoe *u Meaning butterfly, moth Khoe etymology 0 //Ani ǔ References Vossen 1986: 328.

Number 631 Proto-West Khoe *ari Meaning dry ground Khoe etymology 0 //Ani àrí References Vossen 1986: 328.

Number 632 Proto-West Khoe *o Meaning to whet, sharpen Khoe etymology 0 //Ani nó References Vossen 1986: 328.

Number 633 Proto-West Khoe *o Meaning wound Khoe etymology 0 //Ani nǒ References Vossen 1986: 328.

224

Number 634 Proto-West Khoe *o Meaning barren (woman) Khoe etymology 0 //Ani nó-(khóé) References Vossen 1986: 328.

Number 635 Proto-West Khoe *!xu Meaning chief Khoe etymology 0 //Ani !xû References Vossen 1986: 328.

Number 636 Proto-West Khoe *ǁɣui Meaning to gut fish Khoe etymology 0 //Ani ǁgxùí References Vossen 1986: 328.

Number 637 Proto-West Khoe *ǂkxeri Meaning to sprinkle, drizzle Khoe etymology 0 //Ani ǂxʔrí References Vossen 1986: 328.

Number 638 225

Proto-West Khoe *|hu Meaning to hit (with the hand) Khoe etymology 0 //Ani |hǔ References Vossen 1986: 328.

Number 639 Proto-West Khoe *ǂhu Meaning milk of a cow that just gave birth Khoe etymology 0 //Ani ǂhǔ References Vossen 1986: 328.

Number 640 Proto-West Khoe *!hu Meaning to punish Khoe etymology 0 //Ani !hû References Vossen 1986: 328.

Number 641 Proto-West Khoe *ǁhu Meaning to grab; rauben Khoe etymology 0 //Ani ǁhǔ References Vossen 1986: 328.

Number 642 Proto-West Khoe *ǂʔa Meaning to hide 226

Khoe etymology 0 //Ani ǂʔá References Vossen 1986: 328.

Number 643 Proto-West Khoe *!ʔa Meaning old man Khoe etymology 0 //Ani !ʔá-(khòè) References Vossen 1986: 328.

Number 644 Proto-West Khoe *xae Meaning a k. of rat Khoe etymology 0 //Ani xàé References Vossen 1986: 328.

Number 645 Proto-West Khoe *xãĩ Meaning to glide Khoe etymology 0 //Ani x References Vossen 1986: 328.

Number 646 Proto-West Khoe *xai Meaning grassland Khoe etymology 0 //Ani xáì 227

References Vossen 1986: 328.

Number 647 Proto-West Khoe *xao Meaning parrot Khoe etymology 0 //Ani xáò References Vossen 1986: 328.

Number 648 Proto-West Khoe *o Meaning marabu Khoe etymology 0 //Ani ô References Vossen 1986: 329.

Number 649 Proto-West Khoe *o Meaning biltong Khoe etymology 0 //Ani nô References Vossen 1986: 329.

Number 650 Proto-West Khoe *xom Meaning to retch Khoe etymology 0 //Ani xó References Vossen 1986: 329.

228

Number 651 Proto-West Khoe *ǂkxu Meaning clay Khoe etymology 0 //Ani ǂxʔû References Vossen 1986: 329.

Number 652 Proto-West Khoe *om Meaning Dickdarm Khoe etymology 0 //Ani nó References Vossen 1986: 329.

Number 653 Proto-West Khoe *!hai Meaning steep, abrupt Khoe etymology 0 //Ani !hàí References Vossen 1986: 329.

Number 654 Proto-West Khoe *!kxu Meaning hitzig, heftig Khoe etymology 0 //Ani !xʔú References Vossen 1986: 329.

Number 655 229

Proto-West Khoe *au Meaning basket (Korb) Khoe etymology 0 //Ani àú References Vossen 1986: 329.

Number 656 Proto-West Khoe *ãũ Meaning to milk; to tie the cowʔs legs together while milking Khoe etymology 0 //Ani nṹ References Vossen 1986: 329.

Number 657 Proto-West Khoe *ǁɣa Meaning to rustle (of reeds) Khoe etymology 0 //Ani ǁgxá References Vossen 1986: 329.

Number 658 Proto-West Khoe *ta Meaning old (of person) Khoe etymology 0 //Ani tá References Vossen 1986: 333.

Number 659 Proto-West Khoe *kã (*!-) Meaning to bend 230

Khoe etymology 0 //Ani k References Vossen 1986: 333.

Number 660 Proto-West Khoe *khau (*!h-) Meaning to lie (tell lies) Khoe etymology 0 //Ani khàú References Vossen 1986: 333.

Number 661 Proto-West Khoe *ʒo Meaning reedbuck; waterbuck Khoe etymology 0 //Ani ʒô References Vossen 1986: 333.

Number 662 Proto-West Khoe *txeri Meaning to widen Khoe etymology 0 //Ani txrì References Vossen 1986: 333.

Number 663 Proto-West Khoe *cxeri Meaning to spring, sprinkle Khoe etymology 0 //Ani cxrì 231

References Vossen 1986: 333.

Number 664 Proto-West Khoe *sam Meaning to take meat off bones, honey out of hive Khoe etymology 0 //Ani sàḿ References Vossen 1986: 334.

Number 665 Proto-West Khoe *a Meaning to bewitch Khoe etymology 0 //Ani ŋá References Vossen 1986: 334.

Number 666 Proto-West Khoe *tʔu Meaning pus Khoe etymology 534 //Ani tʔú References Vossen 1986: 335.

Number 667 Proto-West Khoe *txoro Meaning to shake while dancing Khoe etymology 0 //Ani txóró Kxoe (Hukwe) txǒró "dance" (Kö.) References Köhler 1981: 506; Vossen 1986: 335. 232

Number 668 Proto-West Khoe *dxana Meaning new moon Khoe etymology 0 //Ani dxánà References Vossen 1986: 335.

Number 669 Proto-West Khoe *ʒu Meaning to shave Khoe etymology 0 //Ani ʒǔ Kxoe (Hukwe) djǔ (Kö.) References Köhler 1981: 489; Vossen 1986: 335.

Number 670 Proto-West Khoe *ci Meaning to grow Khoe etymology 0 //Ani cí References Vossen 1986: 335.

Number 671 Proto-West Khoe *tʔubi Meaning to kindle fire Khoe etymology 0 //Ani tʔùbí References Vossen 1986: 335.

233

Number 672 Proto-West Khoe *!ɣaba Meaning a k. of bird (Hornrabe) Khoe etymology 0 //Ani ɣábà References Vossen 1986: 335.

Number 673 Proto-West Khoe *kau (*!-) Meaning lamp, light Khoe etymology 0 //Ani káú References Vossen 1986: 335.

Number 674 Proto-West Khoe *xo Meaning a k. of reed Khoe etymology 0 //Ani xǒ References Vossen 1986: 335.

Number 675 Proto-West Khoe *(!)xao Meaning to be capable of Khoe etymology 0 //Ani xáò References Vossen 1986: 335.

Number 676 234

Proto-West Khoe *xabi Meaning to pull, drag Khoe etymology 0 //Ani xàbí References Vossen 1986: 337.

Number 677 Proto-West Khoe *gobo Meaning abdomen Khoe etymology 0 //Ani góbó References Vossen 1986: 338.

Number 678 Proto-West Khoe *gobi Meaning to owe Khoe etymology 0 //Ani góbì References Vossen 1986: 338.

Number 679 Proto-West Khoe *kani (*!-) Meaning cooked meat Khoe etymology 0 //Ani kánì References Vossen 1986: 338.

Number 680 Proto-West Khoe *qae Meaning to love 235

Khoe etymology 0 //Ani qáé References Vossen 1986: 338.

Number 681 Proto-West Khoe *qai Meaning feast, celebration Khoe etymology 0 //Ani qàí References Vossen 1986: 338.

Number 682 Proto-West Khoe *xoe Meaning white Khoe etymology 687 //Ani xó Kxoe (Hukwe) xó "foam, froth"; xó (Kö.) Naro xõẽ-xõẽ-se "very white" References KH; Visser 29; Vossen 1986: 338.

Number 683 Proto-West Khoe *oe Meaning to break Khoe etymology 630 //Ani ʔú Naro óè References Visser 60; Vossen 1986: 338.

Number 684 Proto-West Khoe *ue 236

Meaning to deny, quarrel Khoe etymology 0 //Ani nú References Vossen 1986: 338.

Number 685 Proto-West Khoe *ǂʔĩ Meaning to be similar Khoe etymology 0 //Ani ǂʔ References Vossen 1986: 339.

Number 686 Proto-West Khoe *ǁaĩ Meaning to rub in Khoe etymology 485 //Ani ǁ References Vossen 1986: 339.

Number 687 Proto-West Khoe *!oã Meaning to milk Khoe etymology 0 //Ani !ṍ References Vossen 1986: 339.

Number 688 Proto-West Khoe *!uã Meaning to pay for Khoe etymology 0 237

//Ani !ú Kxoe (Hukwe) kw (Kö.) References Köhler 1981: 486; Vossen 1986: 339.

Number 689 Proto-West Khoe *chi Meaning to fart Khoe etymology 569 //Ani sî Kxoe (Hukwe) śíì Naro chíì Notes ǁAni sî is irregular (*tshî would be expected), but there may be vocalic conditioning involved. References KH; Visser 101; Vossen 1986: 339.

Number 690 Proto-West Khoe *ku (*!-) Meaning to wake up Khoe etymology 0 //Ani kú References Vossen 1986: 339.

Number 691 Proto-West Khoe *kũ (*!-) Meaning small Khoe etymology 671 //Ani kṹ Kxoe (Hukwe) kṹ-xo; kṹ (Kö.) References KH; Köhler 1981: 502; Vossen 1986: 339.

238

Number 692 Proto-West Khoe *ǁxoã Meaning to be half-ripe Khoe etymology 0 //Ani ǁxṍ References Vossen 1986: 340.

Number 693 Proto-West Khoe *aũa Meaning a k. of bird (Galago) Khoe etymology 0 //Ani nṹa References Vossen 1986: 340.

Number 694 Proto-West Khoe *|áú Meaning big Khoe etymology 568 //Ani |áú Kxoe (Hukwe) |éú Naro |au "manner, custom, way" (?) Notes Judging by the semantics, the ǁAni-Kxoe forms may be related to Nama |au "manner; amount" genetically, but the Naro form is more probably a re-borrowing. Cf. also Naro |àù "add, increase". References KH; Visser 5; Vossen 1986: 340.

Number 695 Proto-West Khoe *kuan Meaning to titillate Khoe etymology 0 //Ani kúáǹ 239

References Vossen 1986: 341.

Number 696 Proto-West Khoe *dubi Meaning to castrate Khoe etymology 0 //Ani dúbì References Vossen 1986: 341.

Number 697 Proto-West Khoe *ka (*!-) Meaning to take off (clothes) Khoe etymology 0 //Ani kǎ References Vossen 1986: 342.

Number 698 Proto-West Khoe *khoã Meaning to reap Khoe etymology 0 //Ani khṍ References Vossen 1986: 342.

Number 699 Proto-West Khoe *ǁʔoã Meaning to string pearls Khoe etymology 0 //Ani ǁʔṍ References Vossen 1986: 342.

240

Number 700 Proto-West Khoe *chao Meaning wide, broad Khoe etymology 0 //Ani cháò Kxoe (Hukwe) śáò References KH; Vossen 1986: 342.

Number 701 Proto-West Khoe *ǂao Meaning to miss; not to reach (in throwing) Khoe etymology 0 //Ani ǂàó Kxoe (Hukwe) ǂǎo (Kö.) References Köhler 1981: 497; Vossen 1986: 342.

Number 702 Proto-West Khoe *kanu (*!-) Meaning catfish Khoe etymology 0 //Ani kànú References Vossen 1986: 342.

Number 703 Proto-West Khoe *ʒoro Meaning hoof Khoe etymology 0 //Ani ʒórò References Vossen 1986: 342.

241

Number 704 Proto-West Khoe *koe (*!-) Meaning to refuse Khoe etymology 0 Kxoe (Hukwe) kw (Kö.) References Köhler 1981: 486.

Number 705 Proto-West Khoe *ga Meaning bed Khoe etymology 0 Kxoe (Hukwe) gyǎ (Kö.) References Köhler 1981: 489.

Number 706 Proto-West Khoe *|má Meaning mosquito Khoe etymology 619 Naro |má References Visser 12.

Number 707 Proto-West Khoe *be Meaning to be too heavy Khoe etymology 0 Kxoe (Hukwe) b; b (Kö.) References KH; Köhler 1981: 489.

Number 708 242

Proto-West Khoe *ʒu Meaning not to have Khoe etymology 0 Kxoe (Hukwe) djǔ (Kö.) References Köhler 1981: 489.

Number 709 Proto-West Khoe *kare (*!-) Meaning to return Khoe etymology 0 Kxoe (Hukwe) kyáré (Kö.) References Köhler 1981: 489.

Number 710 Proto-West Khoe *kaba (*!-) Meaning to grasp, take Khoe etymology 0 Kxoe (Hukwe) kyábá (Kö.) References Köhler 1981: 496.

Number 711 Proto-West Khoe *ǂan Meaning to repair Khoe etymology 0 Kxoe (Hukwe) ǂán (Kö.) References Köhler 1981: 497.

Number 712 Proto-West Khoe *ǂam Meaning to crack (nuts) 243

Khoe etymology 0 Kxoe (Hukwe) ǂǎm (Kö.) References Köhler 1981: 497.

Number 713 Proto-West Khoe *soe Meaning to be silly Khoe etymology 567 Kxoe (Hukwe) ҫo (Kö.) References Köhler 1981: 497.

Number 714 Proto-West Khoe *koe (*!-) Meaning not to love Khoe etymology 0 Kxoe (Hukwe) kw (Kö.) References Köhler 1981: 497.

Number 715 Proto-West Khoe *ũĩ Meaning to wipe Khoe etymology 0 Kxoe (Hukwe) nĩ (Kö.) References Köhler 1981: 498.

Number 716 Proto-West Khoe *abe Meaning to make a mistake Khoe etymology 0 Kxoe (Hukwe) b (Kö.) 244

References Köhler 1981: 498.

Number 717 Proto-West Khoe *!ʔe Meaning white (to be) Khoe etymology 0 Kxoe (Hukwe) !ʔé-śi; !ʔé "qq. ch. de blanc" (Kö.) References KH; Köhler 1981: 500.

Number 718 Proto-West Khoe *ǂu Meaning pulp Khoe etymology 0 Kxoe (Hukwe) ǂǔ (Kö.) References Köhler 1981: 501.

Number 719 Proto-West Khoe *|kxoa Meaning few; three Khoe etymology 566 Kxoe (Hukwe) |xʔoâ (Kö.) Naro |xʔorò "few" (?) References Köhler 1981: 502; Visser 9.

Number 720 Proto-West Khoe *ǂom Meaning to smear (a wound with fat) Khoe etymology 0 Kxoe (Hukwe) ǂòm-ǂôm (Kö.) References Köhler 1981: 504. 245

Number 721 Proto-West Khoe *ǁhã Meaning to praise (louer) Khoe etymology 0 Kxoe (Hukwe) ǁh (Kö.) References Köhler 1981: 505.

Number 722 Proto-West Khoe *!ʔá (*0-) Meaning to assemble, insert solidly Khoe etymology 565 Kxoe (Hukwe) á; âm (Kö.) References Köhler 1981: 505; KH.

Number 723 Proto-West Khoe *dara Meaning to visit Khoe etymology 0 Naro dàra (Na.) |Gwi ʒra (Na.) //Gana ʒra (Na.) References Nakagawa 1998: 249.

Number 724 Proto-West Khoe *tã Meaning different Khoe etymology 0 Naro t (Na.) |Gwi ciã (Na.) 246

//Gana tã (Na.) References Nakagawa 1998: 249.

Number 725 Proto-West Khoe *tu Meaning tired Khoe etymology 564 Naro tu (Na.) |Gwi tu, cu (Na.) //Gana tu (Na.) References Nakagawa 1998: 249.

Number 726 Proto-West Khoe *thabu Meaning to walk weakly Khoe etymology 0 |Gwi thâbu-ka, chêbu-ka (Na.) //Gana thâbu-ka (Na.) References Nakagawa 1998: 249.

Number 727 Proto-West Khoe *txara Meaning to spring up (of mushroom) Khoe etymology 0 |Gwi tχāra, cχāra (Na.) //Gana tχāra (Na.) References Nakagawa 1998: 249.

Number 728 Proto-West Khoe *tkxam 247

Meaning a k. of termite Khoe etymology 0 |Gwi tχʔám, cχʔám (Na.) //Gana tχʔám (Na.) References Nakagawa 1998: 249.

Number 729 Proto-West Khoe *thari Meaning blunt Khoe etymology 0 |Gwi thri, chri (Na.) //Gana thri (Na.) References Nakagawa 1998: 253.

Number 730 Proto-West Khoe *di Meaning a k. of bird (Vanellus coronatus) Khoe etymology 0 |Gwi di, ʒi (Na.) //Gana di (Na.) References Nakagawa 1998: 253.

Number 731 Proto-West Khoe *tã Meaning a k. of tree (Rhigozum brevispinosum) Khoe etymology 0 |Gwi t, c (Na.) //Gana t (Na.) References Nakagawa 1998: 253.

248

Number 732 Proto-West Khoe *ǁae Meaning to scratch hide Khoe etymology 0 Naro ǁàè References Visser 1998: 134.

Number 733 Proto-West Khoe *ǁae Meaning to watch Khoe etymology 0 Naro ǁaè References Visser 1998: 134.

Number 734 Proto-West Khoe *ko Meaning to sweep Khoe etymology 0 Naro kòò References Visser 1998: 134.

Number 735 Proto-West Khoe *ko Meaning to chase away Khoe etymology 0 Naro koò References Visser 1998: 134.

Number 736 Proto-West Khoe *!ʔae 249

Meaning to break wind Khoe etymology 0 Naro !ʔae References Visser 1998: 134.

Number 737 Proto-West Khoe *!ʔae Meaning to get a fright Khoe etymology 0 Naro !ʔáé References Visser 1998: 134.

Number 738 Proto-West Khoe *!u Meaning to lift on head Khoe etymology 563 Naro !úú References Visser 1998: 134.

Number 739 Proto-West Khoe *!ʔom Meaning to strike Khoe etymology 562 Naro !ʔóm References Visser 1998: 134.

Number 740 Proto-West Khoe *!ʔom Meaning lower abdomen Khoe etymology 561 250

Naro !ʔom References Visser 1998: 134.

Number 741 Proto-West Khoe *ǁae Meaning to breed Khoe etymology 0 Naro ǁáè References Visser 1998: 134.

Number 742 Proto-West Khoe *!ao Meaning to rise Khoe etymology 0 Naro !aò References Visser 1998: 134.

Number 743 Proto-West Khoe *sàó Meaning winter Khoe etymology 560 Kxoe (Hukwe) śàó Naro sao References KH; Visser 1998: 134.

Number 744 Proto-West Khoe *ko Meaning to be the same Khoe etymology 0 Naro koo 251

References Visser 1998: 134.

Number 745 Proto-West Khoe *|ʔam Meaning point Khoe etymology 559 Naro |ʔam References Visser 1998: 134.

Number 746 Proto-West Khoe *ǂom Meaning honest Khoe etymology 558 Naro ǂom References Visser 1998: 134.

Number 747 Proto-West Khoe *!xãẽ Meaning nose bone Khoe etymology 0 Naro !x References Visser 1998: 134.

Number 748 Proto-West Khoe *au Meaning to shave Khoe etymology 557 Naro nǁàú References Visser 1998: 134.

252

Number 749 Proto-West Khoe *au Meaning meerkat Khoe etymology 0 Naro nǁàu References Visser 1998: 134.

Number 750 Proto-West Khoe *|o Meaning to follow Khoe etymology 0 Naro |òò References Visser 1998: 134.

Number 751 Proto-West Khoe *!ai Meaning to belch Khoe etymology 556 Naro !àì References Visser 1998: 134.

253

Number 753 Proto-West Khoe *!ai Meaning a k. of meerkat Khoe etymology 0 Naro !ài References Visser 1998: 134.

Number 754 Proto-West Khoe *cam Meaning to drink Khoe etymology 0 Naro cám References Visser 1998: 133.

Number 755 Proto-West Khoe *cam Meaning to hide Khoe etymology 0 Naro cám References Visser 1998: 133.

Number 756 Proto-West Khoe *!ao Meaning leftover, half Khoe etymology 0 Naro !áó References Visser 1998: 133.

Number 757 254

Proto-West Khoe *!ao Meaning a k. of bird (Palmnut vulture) Khoe etymology 0 Naro !àò References Visser 1998: 133.

Number 758 Proto-West Khoe *ǁae Meaning three Khoe etymology 0 Naro ǁáé "we (of three or more)" References Visser 1998: 133.

Number 759 Proto-West Khoe *qm Meaning to close a hole Khoe etymology 0 Naro qm References Visser 1998: 132.

Number 760 Proto-West Khoe *!naro Meaning to freeze Khoe etymology 366 Naro n!aro References Visser 1998: 130.

Number 761 Proto-West Khoe *!abu Meaning weak 255

Khoe etymology 555 Naro !abu References Visser 1998: 130.

Number 762 Proto-West Khoe *|xobe Meaning to borrow Khoe etymology 554 Naro |xóbè References Visser 7.

Number 763 Proto-West Khoe *|ma Meaning mosquito Khoe etymology 0 Naro |má References Visser 1998: 130.

Number 764 Proto-West Khoe *ǂno Meaning star Khoe etymology 634 Naro ǂnò; ǂn, |onù (Ba.) |Gwi !konò (Ta.) //Gana !konò (Ta.) References Barnard 33; Tanaka 91; Visser 89.

Number 765 Proto-West Khoe *|xae Meaning important 256

Khoe etymology 0 Naro |xáé References Visser 6.

Number 766 Proto-West Khoe *e Meaning stiff Khoe etymology 0 Naro gǂèè References Visser 1998: 128.

Number 767 Proto-West Khoe *i Meaning thick (body) Khoe etymology 0 Naro gǂìì References Visser 1998: 128.

Number 768 Proto-West Khoe *i Meaning old Khoe etymology 553 Naro n|ìí References Visser 1998: 128.

Number 769 Proto-West Khoe *si Meaning to go Khoe etymology 552 Kxoe (Hukwe) śií "go up to, reach"; cí "se rendre à, aller vers" (Kö.) 257

Naro síí References KH; Köhler 1981: 497; Visser 1998: 128.

Number 770 Proto-West Khoe *ǁʔai Meaning to show Khoe etymology 0 Naro ǁʔáí References Visser 1998: 129.

Number 771 Proto-West Khoe *!xai Meaning clothes Khoe etymology 551 Naro !xáí References Visser 1998: 129.

Number 772 Proto-West Khoe *!ai Meaning to kick Khoe etymology 550 Naro !áì References Visser 1998: 129.

Number 773 Proto-West Khoe *ai Meaning to jump Khoe etymology 0 Naro nǁàì References Visser 1998: 129. 258

Number 774 Proto-West Khoe *!nae Meaning to pass Khoe etymology 0 Naro n!áé References Visser 1998: 129.

Number 775 Proto-West Khoe *ae Meaning to reproach Khoe etymology 549 Naro àè References Visser 1998: 129.

Number 776 Proto-West Khoe *!a Meaning to seek Khoe etymology 0 Naro !aa References Visser 1998: 127.

Number 777 Proto-West Khoe *!a Meaning back Khoe etymology 548 Naro !á References Visser 1998: 127.

259

Number 778 Proto-West Khoe *!a Meaning to hurt Khoe etymology 0 Naro !a References Visser 1998: 127.

Number 779 Proto-West Khoe *|oe Meaning to insult Khoe etymology 547 Naro |óè References Visser 1998: 127.

Number 780 Proto-West Khoe *ǂho[a]na Meaning to stretch Khoe etymology 0 Kxoe (Hukwe) ǂhoánà (Kö.) References Honken 1998: 176.

Number 781 Proto-West Khoe *|om Meaning to rub in fat Khoe etymology 535 |Gwi k|ò (Na.) References Traill-Nakagawa 13.

Number 782 Proto-West Khoe *|kxã 260

Meaning to be wet Khoe etymology 538 Kxoe (Hukwe) |xʔ "be green, be juicy" Naro |xʔaã; |xʔá (Ba.) References Barnard 160; KH.

Number 783 Proto-West Khoe *ǂoa Meaning to pursue Khoe etymology 541 Kxoe (Hukwe) ǂoa (Ha.) References Haacke 1997: 159.

Number 784 Proto-West Khoe *ǁxai Meaning to pursue Khoe etymology 0 Naro ǁkhai (Ha.) References Haacke 1997: 159.

Number 785 Proto-West Khoe *|ʔom Meaning to breathe Khoe etymology 542 Kxoe (Hukwe) ćã|ʔom (Ha.) References Haacke 1997: 160.

Number 786 Proto-West Khoe *|kxom Meaning to gnaw (bones) 261

Number 787 Proto-West Khoe *|ora Meaning baboon Khoe etymology 543 Naro |koara-b (Ha.) References Haacke 1997: 163.

Number 788 Proto-West Khoe *ǂĩ Meaning to think Khoe etymology 545 Naro ǂĩ (Ha.) References Haacke 1997: 167.

Number 789 Proto-West Khoe *ã Meaning to think Khoe etymology 0 Kxoe (Hukwe) ã (Ha.) References Haacke 1997: 167.

Number 790 Proto-West Khoe *!xone/*!xuni Meaning wave 262

Khoe etymology 0 Kxoe (Hukwe) xone (Ha.) Naro !khunini (Ha.) References Haacke 1997: 169.

Number 791 Proto-West Khoe *!ʔau Meaning to hunt Khoe etymology 546 Naro !au (Ha.) References Haacke 1997: 172.

Number 792 Proto-West Khoe *ũ Meaning anthill Khoe etymology 0 Naro ũ (Ha.) References Haacke 1997: 178.

Number 793 Proto-West Khoe *ǁkxuru Meaning to extract marrow Khoe etymology 0 Kxoe (Hukwe) ǁxʔuru (Ha.) References Haacke 1997: 179.

Number 794 Proto-West Khoe *(!)xɛrɛ Meaning neck Khoe etymology 659 263

Kxoe (Hukwe) xɛrɛ; xere (Ha.) References Haacke 1997: 182; KH.

Number 795 Proto-West Khoe *au Meaning puff-adder Khoe etymology 0 Naro au (Ha.) References Haacke 1997: 183.

Number 796 Proto-West Khoe *ǁxa Meaning puff-adder Khoe etymology 0 Kxoe (Hukwe) ǁxɛ (Ha.) References Haacke 1997: 183.

Number 797 Proto-West Khoe *ʒe Meaning bad Khoe etymology 0 Kxoe (Hukwe) djɛxo (Ha.) References Haacke 1997: 190.

Number 798 Proto-West Khoe *ǂkxare Meaning sweet Khoe etymology 0 Kxoe (Hukwe) ǂxʔare (Ha.) References Haacke 1997: 191. 264

Number 799 Proto-West Khoe *oa Meaning spider Khoe etymology 0 Kxoe (Hukwe) oa-ba (Ha.) Naro oa-ba (Ha.) References Haacke 1997: 193.

Number 800 Proto-West Khoe *[!]naba Meaning to decide Khoe etymology 0 //Ani nábà References Vossen 1998: 294.

Number 801 Proto-West Khoe *!ʔum Meaning wrist Khoe etymology 570 Naro !ʔúḿ-!ʔò, !ʔúḿ (V.) References Vossen 1998: 295.

Number 802 Proto-West Khoe *oa Meaning friend Khoe etymology 0 //Gana óá-ʔò References Vossen 1998: 295.

265

Number 803 Proto-West Khoe *xum Meaning armpit (?) Khoe etymology 0 #Haba xúḿ-kʔò References Vossen 1998: 295.

Number 804 Proto-West Khoe *xora Meaning crow Khoe etymology 571 Kxoe (Hukwe) xoàrǎ (Kö.) References Köhler 1966: 150.

Number 805 Proto-West Khoe *ǂ(h)i Meaning shards Khoe etymology 572 Kxoe (Hukwe) ǂǐ "Topfscherben" (Kö.) References Köhler 1966: 150.

Number 806 Proto-West Khoe *ǂui Meaning many Khoe etymology 573 |Gwi !tui (Ta.) //Gana !tui (Ta.) References Tanaka 60.

266

Number 807 Proto-West Khoe *oma Meaning a k. of medicinal plant Khoe etymology 574 Kxoe (Hukwe) yì-ŋgómá (Kö.) References Köhler 1966: 151.

Number 808 Proto-West Khoe *thobo Meaning bee-wax Khoe etymology 0 Kxoe (Hukwe) thówò (Kö.) References Köhler 1966: 152.

Number 809 Proto-West Khoe *abu Meaning to close mouth Khoe etymology 0 Naro abu kxʔáḿ References Visser 1.

Number 810 Proto-West Khoe *am Meaning to close mouth Khoe etymology 0 Kxoe (Hukwe) ám-am "to close the mouth" Naro á "sunken mouth" References KH; Visser 1.

Number 811 267

Proto-West Khoe *áò Meaning to throw gently upwards Khoe etymology 10 Naro áò References Visser 2.

Number 812 Proto-West Khoe *ãõ Meaning slow, late; to delay Khoe etymology 0 Naro ãõ References Visser 2.

Number 813 Proto-West Khoe *are Meaning to be amazed, astonished Khoe etymology 575 Naro are References Visser 2.

Number 814 Proto-West Khoe *|a Meaning to catch, hold, slow down (horse) Khoe etymology 0 Naro |aa References Visser 4.

Number 815 Proto-West Khoe *|ã Meaning bag (for food) 268

Khoe etymology 0 Naro |aã References Visser 4.

Number 816 Proto-West Khoe *| Meaning breast, chestmeat (of birds) Khoe etymology 577 Naro |àã References Visser 4.

Number 817 Proto-West Khoe *| Meaning to speak Sekaukau Khoe etymology 0 Naro | References Visser 4.

Number 818 Proto-West Khoe *|na Meaning to shake, vibrate Khoe etymology 0 Naro |ã-|nase References Visser 4.

Number 819 Proto-West Khoe *|be Meaning to see a little bit Khoe etymology 0 Naro |be-|be 269

References Visser 5.

Number 820 Proto-West Khoe *|àm Meaning morama root; Tylosema esculentum Khoe etymology 0 Naro |àm References Visser 5.

Number 821 Proto-West Khoe *|à Meaning to put in too much (salt, sugar, pepper) Khoe etymology 0 Naro |à References Visser 5.

Number 822 Proto-West Khoe *|ḿ Meaning to cut (meat) Khoe etymology 0 Naro |ḿ References Visser 5.

Number 823 Proto-West Khoe *| Meaning half-rotten (meat) Khoe etymology 0 Naro | References Visser 5.

270

Number 824 Proto-West Khoe *|anò Meaning to wear lots of beads Khoe etymology 0 Naro |anò References Visser 5.

Number 825 Proto-West Khoe *|ãõ Meaning animal track Khoe etymology 0 Naro |ãõ References Visser 5.

Number 826 Proto-West Khoe *|am~*|ãõ Meaning eyebrow Khoe etymology 578 Naro |à |ʔere, |a |ʔere References Visser 5.

Number 827 Proto-West Khoe *|ò Meaning to stamp, pound (makatan) Khoe etymology 0 Naro |ò Notes Possibly borrowed from NK (cf. PNK *|n "to pound into a porridgy consistency"). References Visser 5.

271

Number 828 Proto-West Khoe *|ara Meaning to hinder, not allow, prevent Khoe etymology 579 Naro |ara References Visser 5.

Number 829 Proto-West Khoe *|ri Meaning bird (quail, francolin) Khoe etymology 0 Naro |ri References Visser 5.

Number 830 Proto-West Khoe *|u Meaning to call for rain Khoe etymology 0 Naro |u References Visser 5.

Number 831 Proto-West Khoe *| Meaning to refuse to give, keep to oneself Khoe etymology 0 Naro |ẽ References Visser 5.

Number 832 272

Proto-West Khoe *|x Meaning to smear on body Khoe etymology 0 Naro |xa References Visser 6.

Number 833 Proto-West Khoe *|xa Meaning to drizzle Khoe etymology 0 Naro |xàà-|xaa References Visser 6.

Number 834 Proto-West Khoe *|x Meaning to hurt; painful Khoe etymology 0 Naro |xa-|xa References Visser 6.

Number 835 Proto-West Khoe *|xabì Meaning pin, small stick Khoe etymology 0 Naro |xabì References Visser 6.

Number 836 Proto-West Khoe *|xaè Meaning to, towards 273

Khoe etymology 580 Naro |xaè References Visser 6.

Number 837 Proto-West Khoe *|xàma Meaning to give someone lots of money Khoe etymology 0 Naro |xàma References Visser 6.

Number 838 Proto-West Khoe *|xme Meaning splinter Khoe etymology 0 Naro |xme References Visser 6.

Number 839 Proto-West Khoe *|xánà Meaning hedgehog Khoe etymology 0 Naro |xánà Notes Cf. !Xóõ |x id. References Visser 6.

Number 840 Proto-West Khoe *|xárí Meaning tree or thornbush Khoe etymology 0 274

Naro |xárí References Visser 7.

Number 841 Proto-West Khoe *|xarù Meaning sieve, sift Khoe etymology 0 Naro |xarù References Visser 7.

Number 842 Proto-West Khoe *|xàru Meaning to drip Khoe etymology 0 Naro |xàru References Visser 7.

Number 843 Proto-West Khoe *|xora Meaning rough; tired, fed up Khoe etymology 581 Naro |xoara-|xoara "gruff"; |xoara "make tired, cause to be fed up" References Visser 7.

Number 844 Proto-West Khoe *|xó Meaning to have pity Khoe etymology 582 Naro |xó References Visser 7. 275

Number 845 Proto-West Khoe *|xónó Meaning fingertip, toe Khoe etymology 583 Naro |xónó References Visser 7.

Number 846 Proto-West Khoe *|xòno Meaning a k. of cold wind Khoe etymology 0 Naro |xòno References Visser 7.

Number 847 Proto-West Khoe *|xorè Meaning wise, shrewd Khoe etymology 0 Naro |xorè References Visser 7.

Number 848 Proto-West Khoe *|xòre Meaning dirt which cannot be easily cleaned off Khoe etymology 0 Naro |xòre References Visser 7.

276

Number 849 Proto-West Khoe *|xorò Meaning to pour sand to test the wind direction Khoe etymology 0 Naro |xorò References Visser 7.

Number 850 Proto-West Khoe *|xòro Meaning beard (full or side) Khoe etymology 0 Naro |xòro References Visser 7.

Number 851 Proto-West Khoe *|xùi Meaning morama bean, gemsbok bean Khoe etymology 0 Naro |xùi References Visser 7.

Number 852 Proto-West Khoe *|xùrì Meaning rough Khoe etymology 0 Naro |xùrì References Visser 8.

Number 853 Proto-West Khoe *|kxana 277

Meaning old, without value, poor Khoe etymology 584 Naro |xʔanà; |xʔaã-|xʔana References Visser 8.

Number 854 Proto-West Khoe *|kxana Meaning Heliotropium oralifolium Khoe etymology 0 Naro |xʔaã-|xʔana References Visser 8.

Number 855 Proto-West Khoe *|kxai Meaning to throw, scatter (seeds) Khoe etymology 0 Naro |xʔai References Visser 8.

Number 856 Proto-West Khoe *|kxá Meaning to break into pieces Khoe etymology 585 Naro |xʔá References Visser 8.

Number 857 Proto-West Khoe *|kxane Meaning to squint Khoe etymology 0 278

Naro |xʔane References Visser 8.

Number 858 Proto-West Khoe *|kx Meaning ringworm Khoe etymology 0 Naro |xʔa Notes Any relation to *|kxao "snake"? References Visser 8.

Number 859 Proto-West Khoe *|kxa Meaning to hit shortly Khoe etymology 0 Naro |xʔa References Visser 8.

Number 860 Proto-West Khoe *|kxara Meaning anthill; block of soil Khoe etymology 586 Naro |xʔara References Visser 8.

Number 861 Proto-West Khoe *|kxárà Meaning adultery, prostitution Khoe etymology 0 Naro |xʔárà 279

References Visser 9.

Number 862 Proto-West Khoe *|kxarì Meaning to cut short, trim, shave Khoe etymology 587 Naro |xʔarì References Visser 9.

Number 863 Proto-West Khoe *|kxáú Meaning to hate Khoe etymology 0 Naro |xʔáú Notes Cf. PNK *|kxau "bad" - borrowing? References Visser 9.

Number 864 Proto-West Khoe *|kxòa Meaning to annoy, irritate Khoe etymology 588 Naro |xʔòa References Visser 9.

Number 865 Proto-West Khoe *|kxobe Meaning to cut or break into small pieces Khoe etymology 0 Naro |xʔobe-|xʔobe References Visser 9. 280

Number 866 Proto-West Khoe *|kxoe Meaning groin Khoe etymology 0 Naro |xʔoe References Visser 9.

Number 867 Proto-West Khoe *|kxó Meaning to rinse, clean Khoe etymology 0 Naro |xʔó References Visser 9.

Number 868 Proto-West Khoe *|kxórè Meaning to cut into pieces Khoe etymology 0 Naro |xʔórè References Visser 9.

Number 869 Proto-West Khoe *|kxubu Meaning spotted (skin) Khoe etymology 0 Naro |xʔubu-|xʔubuxa References Visser 9.

281

Number 870 Proto-West Khoe *|kxuri Meaning dirt Khoe etymology 589 Naro |xʔuri References Visser 9.

Number 871 Proto-West Khoe *|kxû Meaning being together Khoe etymology 0 Naro |xʔúù References Visser 10.

Number 872 Proto-West Khoe *|hà Meaning to die Khoe etymology 0 Naro |hàà References Visser 10.

Number 873 Proto-West Khoe *|h Meaning coldness; raw spot in skin Khoe etymology 591 Naro |ha References Visser 10.

Number 874 Proto-West Khoe *|habà 282

Meaning to throw down, pour Khoe etymology 0 Naro |habà References Visser 10.

Number 875 Proto-West Khoe *|hàm Meaning to trample down (grass) Khoe etymology 0 Naro |hàm References Visser 10.

Number 876 Proto-West Khoe *|hama Meaning to die of famine or oldness Khoe etymology 0 Naro |hama References Visser 10.

Number 877 Proto-West Khoe *|háò Meaning fat (in neck) Khoe etymology 592 Naro |háò References Visser 10.

Number 878 Proto-West Khoe *|haṍ Meaning to be together, fight and fall together Khoe etymology 593 283

Naro |haṍ References Visser 10.

Number 879 Proto-West Khoe *|hõ Meaning a type of grass Khoe etymology 0 Naro |hõ-|hõ References Visser 10.

Number 880 Proto-West Khoe *|háú Meaning bunch, cluster Khoe etymology 0 Naro |háú References Visser 10.

Number 881 Proto-West Khoe *|hau Meaning to steam Khoe etymology 594 Naro |hàu-|hau References Visser 10.

Number 882 Proto-West Khoe *|héné Meaning to sit with buttocks on ground Khoe etymology 0 Naro |héné References Visser 10. 284

Number 883 Proto-West Khoe *|hène Meaning to slow down Khoe etymology 0 Naro |hène References Visser 10.

Number 884 Proto-West Khoe *|hì Meaning jealous Khoe etymology 0 Naro |hìi Notes Cf. PNK *|khái id. - borrowing from Zhu? References Visser 10.

Number 885 Proto-West Khoe *|hóà Meaning to converse, chat, talk Khoe etymology 595 Naro |hóà References Visser 10.

Number 886 Proto-West Khoe *|hobà Meaning to grind so that it becomes hairy (meat) Khoe etymology 0 Naro |hoabà References Visser 10.

285

Number 887 Proto-West Khoe *|hòe Meaning to break (branch), press down (arm) Khoe etymology 0 Naro |hòe References Visser 10.

Number 888 Proto-West Khoe *|hó Meaning to save, put away, store, hide Khoe etymology 0 Naro |hó References Visser 10.

Number 889 Proto-West Khoe *|hò Meaning to stir up Khoe etymology 0 Naro |hò References Visser 10.

Number 890 Proto-West Khoe *|hómé Meaning to choke throat Khoe etymology 0 Naro |hómé References Visser 10.

Number 891 286

Proto-West Khoe *|hò Meaning to want for yourself Khoe etymology 0 Naro |hòo References Visser 11.

Number 892 Proto-West Khoe *|h Meaning to end, stop; end, top, ridge Khoe etymology 596 Naro |h References Visser 11.

Number 893 Proto-West Khoe *|hóré Meaning to cry for a long time Khoe etymology 0 Naro |hóré References Visser 11.

Number 894 Proto-West Khoe *|hòro Meaning Corallocarpus triangularis Khoe etymology 597 Naro |hòro References Visser 11.

Number 895 Proto-West Khoe *|húbù Meaning thick (of hair, beard) 287

Khoe etymology 0 Naro |húbù References Visser 11.

Number 896 Proto-West Khoe *|hú Meaning to have no breath Khoe etymology 598 Naro |húú References Visser 11.

Number 897 Proto-West Khoe *|ì Meaning to look into a hole or pit Khoe etymology 0 Naro |ìì References Visser 11.

Number 898 Proto-West Khoe *|ìri Meaning to push in order to fill up Khoe etymology 0 Naro |ìri References Visser 11.

Number 899 Proto-West Khoe *ǂkxárò Meaning Zizyphus mucronata Khoe etymology 600 Naro ǂkxárò 288

References Visser 86.

Number 900 Proto-West Khoe *ǁánà Meaning camel tree (Acacia erioloba) Khoe etymology 601 Naro ǁánà References Visser 107.

Number 901 Proto-West Khoe * Meaning branch Khoe etymology 604 Naro ã References Visser 57.

Number 902 Proto-West Khoe *no Meaning common skink (lizard) Khoe etymology 608 Naro no References Visser 58.

Number 903 Proto-West Khoe *àbà Meaning to pile up Khoe etymology 609 Naro àbà References Visser 16.

289

Number 904 Proto-West Khoe *c Meaning blue, green Khoe etymology 611 Naro cã, zã |Gwi tsae (Ta.) //Gana tsae (Ta.) References Tanaka 42; Visser 98.

Number 905 Proto-West Khoe *ǂao Meaning to give a lot (of food, etc.) Khoe etymology 0 Naro ǂao References Visser 81.

Number 906 Proto-West Khoe *khâ Meaning to give (generously) Khoe etymology 614 Naro kháà References Visser 40.

Number 907 Proto-West Khoe *hò Meaning to find, get Khoe etymology 615 Naro hòò References Visser 32.

290

Number 908 Proto-West Khoe *téné Meaning clot of blood Khoe etymology 616 Naro téné References Visser 94.

Number 909 Proto-West Khoe *ǁom Meaning to chop, cut off Khoe etymology 618 Naro ǁom References Visser 116.

Number 910 Proto-West Khoe *ú Meaning to take, lead, transport Khoe etymology 620 Naro úú References Visser 105.

Number 911 Proto-West Khoe *ǂxa Meaning abortion Khoe etymology 622 Naro ǂxa References Visser 84.

Number 912 291

Proto-West Khoe *ǁ-e (m.), *s-e (f.), *t-e (c.) Meaning we (plural) Khoe etymology 138 //Ani ǁé (m.pl.); sé (f.pl.); té (c.pl.) Kxoe (Hukwe) ǁé (m.pl.); ҫé (f.pl.); té (c.pl.) (Kö.) Buga ǁé (m.pl.); yé (f.pl.); té (c.pl.) |Ganda ǁé (m.pl.); yé (f.pl.); té (c.pl.) Naro sì-ǁáé (m.pl.); sì-sé (f.pl.); sì-tá (c.pl.) (V.) |Gwi ʔí-ǁàè (m.pl.); ʔí-sè (f.pl.); ʔí-tsè (c.pl.) //Gana ʔí-ǁàè (m.pl.); ʔí-sè (f.pl.); ʔí-tàè (c.pl.) #Haba ǁàè (m.pl.); sè (f.pl.); tyàè (c.pl.) References Vossen 234-250.

Number 913 Proto-West Khoe *àu Meaning mouse, rat Khoe etymology 625 Naro àu References Visser 24.

Number 914 Proto-West Khoe *ʒa Meaning in, at Khoe etymology 0 Naro za References Visser 120.

Number 915 Proto-West Khoe *ʒa Meaning to worry, care about Khoe etymology 0 292

Naro zaa-gu References Visser 120.

Number 916 Proto-West Khoe *ǁʔû Meaning to trouble, hurt Khoe etymology 626 Naro ǁʔúù References Visser 120.

Number 917 Proto-West Khoe *ǁʔúrú Meaning sponge, cotton, wool Khoe etymology 0 Naro ǁʔúrú References Visser 119.

Number 918 Proto-West Khoe *ǁʔúí Meaning to be old enough to leave the house Khoe etymology 0 Naro ǁʔúí Notes Cf. Nama ǁui "to thrive"? References Visser 119.

Number 919 Proto-West Khoe *ǁʔubi Meaning to come out, fall out Khoe etymology 0 Naro ǁʔubi 293

References Visser 119.

Number 920 Proto-West Khoe *ǁʔom Meaning to roast under sand Khoe etymology 0 Naro ǁʔom References Visser 119.

Number 921 Proto-West Khoe *ǂʔú Meaning colour; form Khoe etymology 627 Naro ǂʔúú References Visser 93.

Number 922 Proto-West Khoe *hòne Meaning to stir Khoe etymology 628 Naro hòne References Visser 31.

Number 923 Proto-West Khoe *hrè Meaning to take out, dig out Khoe etymology 629 Naro hrè References Visser 32.

294

Number 924 Proto-West Khoe *!ʔũĩ Meaning to guard, take care of Khoe etymology 631 Naro !ʔõ References Visser 74.

Number 925 Proto-West Khoe *te Meaning to open up (eyes), spread (legs) Khoe etymology 632 Naro té References Visser 96.

Number 926 Proto-West Khoe *ǂ Meaning to suck Khoe etymology 635 Naro ǂ References Visser 90.

Number 927 Proto-West Khoe *uri (*-) Meaning big Khoe etymology 637 |Gwi guri //Gana g!uri References Tanaka 13.

295

Number 928 Proto-West Khoe *ǁxai Meaning breastbone Khoe etymology 639 Naro ǁxáì References Visser 109.

Number 929 Proto-West Khoe *cẽ Meaning to fly Khoe etymology 649 Naro c References Visser 98.

Number 930 Proto-West Khoe * (?) Meaning louse Khoe etymology 0 Naro  Notes If not actually a borrowing from Zhu|hoan (no parallels in other Khoe languages). References Visser 55.

Number 931 Proto-West Khoe *gàrù Meaning round Khoe etymology 667 Naro gàrù-gàrù References Visser 28.

296

Number 932 Proto-West Khoe *kuru Meaning warm, to be warm Khoe etymology 682 Naro kùru |Gwi kurú (Ta.) //Gana kurú (Ta.) References Tanaka 105; Visser 44.

Number 933 Proto-West Khoe *oa Meaning evening Khoe etymology 0 Naro òa; òà-ká (V.); g!ùàá-ká, g!òàá-ká (Ba.) |Gwi goa(shi)ka (Ta.) //Gana g!oa(shi)ka (Ta.) Notes Cf. PKK *!ʔoe "evening, dusk" (although the effluxes are irregular). Not to be confused with *!ʔui "evening". Borrowing from PNK is not excluded. References Barnard 123-4; Tanaka 33; Visser 20; Vossen 413.

Number 934 Proto-West Khoe *á Meaning to be full (of moon) Khoe etymology 0 Kxoe (Hukwe) á References KH.

Number 935 Proto-West Khoe *!ʔã (*0-) Meaning to put on a back-loin cloth 297

Khoe etymology 695 Kxoe (Hukwe) ã References KH.

Number 936 Proto-West Khoe *Só Meaning to push on (cattle) Khoe etymology 0 Kxoe (Hukwe) śó References KH.

Number 937 Proto-West Khoe *Só Meaning to shake off (fresh dew) Khoe etymology 0 Kxoe (Hukwe) śó References KH.

Number 938 Proto-West Khoe *Sòbá Meaning to be worn out, fall into pieces Khoe etymology 0 Kxoe (Hukwe) śòàbá References KH.

Number 939 Proto-West Khoe *Sòbé Meaning to show disrespect towards smbd. Khoe etymology 0 Kxoe (Hukwe) śòbé 298

References KH.

Number 940 Proto-West Khoe *Sóḿ Meaning owl Khoe etymology 0 Kxoe (Hukwe) śóm References KH.

Number 941 Proto-West Khoe *Sú Meaning pip of qàé fruit Khoe etymology 0 Kxoe (Hukwe) śú References KH.

Number 942 Proto-West Khoe *Suma Meaning to breathe Khoe etymology 0 Kxoe (Hukwe) śuámá, śoámá References KH.

Number 943 Proto-West Khoe *Sú- Meaning mole Khoe etymology 0 Kxoe (Hukwe) śúgu References KH.

299

Number 944 Proto-West Khoe *Sùn Meaning to tear grass, pull up grass Khoe etymology 0 Kxoe (Hukwe) śùn References KH.

Number 945 Proto-West Khoe *Sũ Meaning to hurry Khoe etymology 624 Kxoe (Hukwe) śũũ References KH.

Number 946 Proto-West Khoe *ǁkxúru Meaning mushroom sp. Khoe etymology 0 Kxoe (Hukwe) ǁxʔúru References KH.

Number 947 Proto-West Khoe *ǁkxúní Meaning to be mixed Khoe etymology 696 Kxoe (Hukwe) ǁxʔúní References KH.

Number 948 300

Proto-West Khoe *ǁkxû Meaning to roast in a pot Khoe etymology 0 Kxoe (Hukwe) ǁxʔúù References KH.

Number 949 Proto-West Khoe *ǁkxóḿ Meaning to cut, saw Khoe etymology 0 Kxoe (Hukwe) ǁxʔóm References KH.

Number 950 Proto-West Khoe *ǁkxóà Meaning Acacia ataxacantha Khoe etymology 0 Kxoe (Hukwe) ǁxʔóà References KH.

Number 951 Proto-West Khoe *ǁkxára Meaning to finish Khoe etymology 0 Kxoe (Hukwe) ǁxʔára References KH.

Number 952 Proto-West Khoe *ǁkxáni Meaning joint (of body) 301

Khoe etymology 0 Kxoe (Hukwe) ǁxʔáni-ò References KH.

Number 953 Proto-West Khoe *ǁkxánì Meaning to pierce a hole with the fire-drill in wood to light a fire Khoe etymology 0 Kxoe (Hukwe) ǁxʔánì References KH.

Number 954 Proto-West Khoe *ǁkxà Meaning upper part of the backbone of animals Khoe etymology 0 Kxoe (Hukwe) ǁxʔa References KH.

Number 955 Proto-West Khoe *ǁkxáḿ Meaning to smell very intensive Khoe etymology 697 Kxoe (Hukwe) ǁxʔáḿ References KH.

Number 956 Proto-West Khoe *|kxábá Meaning cold Khoe etymology 698 Kxoe (Hukwe) |kxábá 302

References KH.

Number 957 Proto-West Khoe *kã (*!-) Meaning to run away; to fly Khoe etymology 699 Kxoe (Hukwe) kyã "run away, escape, fly" References KH.

Number 958 Proto-West Khoe *thí- Meaning many; four Khoe etymology 0 Kxoe (Hukwe) thíyà References KH.

Number 959 Proto-West Khoe *ǂʔóm Meaning to sleep Khoe etymology 700 Kxoe (Hukwe) ǂʔóm References KH.

Number 960 Proto-West Khoe *|íní Meaning thin Khoe etymology 0 Kxoe (Hukwe) |íní References KH.