Reaction Prediction Types of Chemical Reactions

Combination (also known as addition, composition, or synthesis) Decomposition (the opposite of combination)

General Formula: AB ¼ A + B General Formula: A + B ¼ AB binary compounds (two elements only) Element + Element ¼ Compound Compound ¼ Element + Element ¼ 2 Zn + O2 2 ZnO 2 H2O ¼ 2 H2 + O2 ¼ 2 H2 + O2 2 H2O Na2S ¼ 2 Na + S Na + Cl2 ¼ CaO ¼ Sc + I ¼ 2 AlCl3 ¼

C + Cl2 ¼ - Nitrates (NO3 ) __ nitrate ¼ __ nitrite + oxygen

Compound + Compound ¼ Compound 2 KNO3 ¼ 2 KNO2 + O2 NaNO3 ¼ metallic oxide + water ¼ metallic hydroxide Ca(NO3)2 ¼ Sc(NO3)3 ¼ Na2O + H2O ¼ 2 NaOH

CaO + H2O ¼ Ca(OH)2 - Chlorates (ClO3 ) MgO + H2O ¼ __ chlorate ¼ __ chloride + oxygen Sc2O3 + H2O ¼ 2 KClO3 ¼ 2 KCl + 3 O2 CuO + H2O ¼ NaClO3 ¼ Cs2O + H2O ¼ Cu(ClO3)2 ¼ HfO2 + H2O ¼ ¼ In(ClO3)3

nonmetallic oxide + water ¼ acid 2- Carbonates (CO3 ) CO + H O ¼ H CO 2 2 2 3 __ carbonate ¼ __ oxide + carbon dioxide NO + H O ¼ 2 HNO 2 3 2 2 KCO ¼ K O + CO SO + H O ¼ 2 3 2 2 2 2 MgCO ¼ PO + H O ¼ 3 2 5 2 Ag CO ¼ 2 3 Hf(CO ) ¼ 3 2

Chemistry – L. H. S. – Reaction Prediction – Page 1 of 4 - Bicarbonates (HCO3 ) Note: The reaction will only occur if element A is more active than the __ bicarbonate ¼ __ carbonate + carbon dioxide + water element it is replacing. For metals, use the activity series. The most active metals are listed first (at the top). For nonmetals, use the 2 KHCO3 ¼ K2CO3 + CO2 + H2O periodic table. The activity of nonmetals increases up and to the right. Ca(HCO3)2 ¼ Fluorine is the most active nonmetal. NaHCO3 ¼

Ni(HCO3)3 ¼ Zn + 2 HCl ¼ H2 + ZnCl2 • Hydrates ( H2O) 2 Na + CuSO4 ¼ Cu + Na2SO4 ¼ __ hydrate salt + water Zn + KCl ¼ no reaction (Zn is less active than K) CuSO4•5H2O ¼ CuSO4 + 5 H2O Cl2 + 2 NaBr ¼ Br2 + 2 NaCl Li2SiF6•2H2O ¼

MgSO3•6H2O ¼ Cl2 + NaF ¼ no reaction (Cl is less active than F)

Ba + PbO ¼ Hydroxides (OH-) Mg + H SO ¼ __ hydroxide ¼ __ oxide + water 2 4 Na + HOH ¼ 2 KOH ¼ K2O + H2O

Ca(OH)2 ¼ Zn + HOH ¼ Fe(OH) ¼ 3 Ba(OH)2 ¼ Double Displacement (also known as double replacement) Acids (HA) General Formula: AB + CD ¼ AD + CB acid ¼ nonmetallic oxide + water

H2CO3 ¼ CO2 + H2O Note: The positive ion in the first compound switches places with the H2SO4 ¼ positive ion in the second compound. H3PO3 ¼

NaCl + KBr ¼ NaBr + KCl NaCl + HOH ¼ NaOH + HCl

Single Displacement (also known as single replacement) CaSO4 + 2 LiF ¼ CaF2 + Li2SO4

H2SO4 + KOH ¼ General Formula: A + BC ¼ B + AC (if A is a metal) Pb(NO3)2 + KCl ¼ A + BC ¼ C + BA (if A is a nonmetal) ZnCl + RbI ¼ 2

Chemistry – L. H. S. – Reaction Prediction – Page 2 of 4 Combination Reactions Single Displacement Reactions Predict the product and write balanced Predict the products and write balanced reactions for each of the following. reactions for each of the following: 1. Hydrogen burned in oxygen. 1. Chlorine plus sodium iodide. 2. Sodium plus iodine. 2. Zinc and phosphoric acid. 3. Calcium burned in chlorine. 3. Sodium and water. 4. Carbon burned in oxygen. 4. Calcium and hydrochloric acid. 5. Hydrogen combined with nitrogen. 5. Calcium plus water. 6. Sulfur burned in air. 6. Zinc sulfate plus sodium. 7. Magnesium burned in hydrogen. 7. Ferrous chloride plus aluminum. 8. Zinc plus bromine. 8. Ammonium iodide and chlorine. 9. Water plus carbon dioxide. 9. Nickel and sulfuric acid. 10. Sulfur dioxide plus water. 10. Strontium and water. 11. Sodium plus hydrogen. 11. Mercuric sulfate and zinc. 12. Hydrogen burned in chlorine. 12. Potassium and water. 13. Iron burned in chlorine. 13. Carbonic acid plus aluminum. 14. Copper plus fluorine. 14. Copper(II) nitrate and zinc. 15. Aluminum burned in air. 15. Sodium nitrate and potassium. 16. Calcium oxide plus water. 16. Silver acetate and copper. 17. Iron combined with sulfur. 17. Iron added to sulfuric acid. 18. Zinc burned in chlorine. 18. Zinc plus cupric sulfate. 19. Lithium oxide plus water. 19. Magnesium nitrate added to copper. 20. Barium oxide plus water. 20. Cuprous chlorate plus magnesium.

Decomposition Reactions Double Displacement Predict the products and write balanced Predict the products and write balanced reactions for each of the following: reactions for each of the following: 1. The heating of magnesium carbonate. 1. Sodium chloride and silver nitrate. 2. The heating of sodium chlorate. 2. Barium chlorate and potassium phosphate. 3. The electrolysis of water. 3. Ammonium chloride and potassium hydroxide. 4. The decomposition of calcium carbonate. 4. Potassium nitrate plus cupric sulfate. 5. The heated of mercuric oxide. 5. Sulfuric acid plus potassium hydroxide. 6. The electrolysis of sodium chloride. 6. Hydrochloric acid and calcium carbonate. 7. Ferric hydroxide heated. 7. Stannous chloride plus sodium nitrate. 8. Aluminum hydroxide heated. 8. Strontium chlorate and sodium acetate. 9. Sodium carbonate heated. 9. Lithium hydroxide and aluminum bromide. 10. Barium hydroxide heated. 10. Sodium sulfate plus chloric acid. 11. The electrolysis of calcium bromide. 11. Hydrochloric acid plus zinc hydroxide. 12. The heating of carbonic acid. 12. Sodium acetate and aluminum bromide. 13. Decomposition of sulfuric acid. 13. Bromic acid and magnesium hydroxide. 14. Decomposition of calcium chlorate. 14. Sodium carbonate plus calcium chloride. 15. Heating of potassium bromate. 15. Potassium chloride and silver nitrate. 16. Decomposition of sulfurous acid. 16. Barium hydroxide plus ammonium sulfate. 17. Electrolysis of aluminum oxide. 17. Ferric chloride and potassium hydroxide. 18. Zinc carbonate heated. 18. Manganese(II) bromide and sodium hydroxide. 19. Decomposition of phosphoric acid. 19. Hydrochloric acid and sodium sulfate. 20. Heating of sodium tetraborate trihydrate. 20. Sulfurous acid and aluminum hydroxide.

Chemistry – L. H. S.– Reaction Prediction – Page 3 of 4 Reaction Prediction – Review

Directions: 1. State the type of reaction. 2. If the reaction occurs, write the symbols, complete and balance the equation. 3. If the reaction does not occur, state why not.

1. potassium + iodine Î ∆ 40. sodium bicarbonate ⎯⎯→ electrolyzed 2. water ⎯⎯→⎯⎯⎯ 41. ferrous carbonate + phosphoric acid Î 3. zinc + lead(II) chloride Î 42. sulfur trioxide + water Î 4. sodium nitrate + ammonium chloride Î 43. plumbous chlorate + sodium sulfate Î 5. mercury + cadmium nitrate Î ∆ 44. barium carbonate ⎯⎯→ 6. manganese + sodium Î 45. neon + potassium Î 7. silver nitrate + hydrogen sulfide Î 46. silver iodide + ferrous sulfide Î electrolyzed 8. potassium bromide ⎯⎯→⎯⎯⎯ 47. bromine + sodium chloride Î 9. tin + copper(II) sulfate Î 48. zinc + sulfuric acid Î 10. iron(III) nitrate + sodium chromate Î 49. ammonium phosphate + aluminum chloride ¼ 11. calcium + iodine Î ∆ 50. mercuric oxide ⎯⎯→ 12. magnesium + hydrochloric acid Î 51. ammonium nitrite + barium hydroxide ¼ 13. carbon + oxygen Î 52. magnesium + water ¼ 14. platinum + lead(II) nitrate Î 53. magnesium + acetic acid ¼ 15. lithium oxide + water Î 54. silver + barium ¼ 16. aluminum + sulfuric acid Î ∆ 17. ammonium phosphate + lithium hydroxide Î 55. plumbous hydroxide ⎯⎯→ ∆ 18. chlorine + fluorine Î 56. carbonic acid ⎯⎯→ ∆ 19. sodium carbonate ⎯⎯→ 57. lithium + curium(III) fluoride ¼ ∆ 58. zinc + aluminum nitrate ¼ 20. potassium chlorate ⎯⎯→ 59. potassium + water ¼ 21. hydrogen + sodium Î 60. zinc + water ¼ 22. calcium oxide + water Î 61. zinc + phosphoric acid ¼ 23. aluminum + hydrochloric acid Î 62. gold + hydrochloric acid ¼ 24. calcium hydroxide + nitric acid Î ∆ 25. aluminum + magnesium Î 63. calcium bicarbonate ⎯⎯→ ∆ 26. magnesium + zinc nitrate Î 64. copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate ⎯⎯→ 27. dinitrogen pentoxide + water Î 65. sulfur dioxide + water ¼ ∆ 28. sodium chlorate ⎯⎯→ 66. dinitrogen trioxide + water ¼ 29. barium nitrate + sodium dichromate Î 67. barium oxide + water ¼ 30. calcium phosphate + aluminum sulfate Î 68. nickel(II) chlorate ¼ ∆ 69. iron + copper(II) nitrate ¼ 31. zinc carbonate ⎯⎯→ ∆ 32. potassium + fluorine Î 70. calcium hydroxide ⎯⎯→ ∆ 33. sodium + nitric acid Î 71. lithium carbonate ⎯⎯→ 34. sodium + water Î 72. barium oxide + water ¼ 35. ferric iodide + cupric nitrate Î 73. aluminum + water ¼ 36. lead + sulfuric acid Î 74. potassium + water ¼ 37. sulfur dioxide + water Î 75. sulfur trioxide + water ¼ 38. oxygen + sulfur Î 76. magnesium bromate + aluminum dichromate ¼ ∆ 39. potassium nitrate ⎯⎯→ 77. cupric silicate + potassium phosphite Î 78. nickel(III) bicarbonate + zinc ¼

Chemistry – L. H. S. – Reaction Prediction – Page 4 of 4