The Cambridge Companion to the Council of Nicaea Edited by Young Richard Kim Index More Information

Cambridge University Press 978-1-108-42774-6 — The Cambridge Companion to the Council of Nicaea Edited by Young Richard Kim Index More Information

Index

Acacius of Caesarea, 227, 235, 237, city of, 23, 26, 53, 79–80, 112, 120, 242, 246, 251, 253, 263–65 198, 214, 221, 233, 282, 310 Aetius. See Heteroousians Apollinarius of Laodicea, 14, 152, Alexander of Alexandria, 5, 9, 12, 267–68, 273, 282–95, 297–99, 24–25, 30, 36, 38, 43–49, 51–53, 57, 301–4 59–62, 72, 76, 92, 94, 100–1, 104–5, apophatic theology, 47, 50, 52, 57, 119–23, 126, 131, 141, 143, 147–49, 61–62 151, 153, 189, 204–7, 210, 215–17, Apostles’ Creed. See creeds 220, 226–29, 231–33, 237, 258, 285, Arianism, 43–45, 48, 50, 71–72, 149, 303, 305, 331, 351, 369, 377 207, 210, 258–59, 264, 266, theology of, 30, 46, 59, 143, 205, 207 309–10, 322, 330, 339, 350–51, 355 Alexander of Constantinople, 238–39 Arians, 49, 58, 98, 100, 104, 233, 253, Alexandria 259, 265–67, 271, 273, 276, 279, church of, 4, 6, 43–44, 51–53, 61, 102, 284–85, 303, 321, 369 104, 121, 131, 165–66, 175, Arius, 4, 6–9, 12, 14, 19–20, 24–26, 30, 182–83, 188–90, 192, 198–99, 226, 34, 36, 43–54, 57–61, 76, 92, 100, 245, 331, 364, 377 102, 105, 119–23, 126, 129–30, city of, 26, 46, 53–54, 59, 72, 120, 141, 143, 146–50, 189, 202, 204–8, 184, 220, 232, 239–41, 318 210, 221, 225–30, 232–33, 235, Ambrose, 14, 99, 148, 150–51, 199, 237–38, 240–42, 246, 252–54, 316, 320 257–58, 266, 284–86, 303, 315, anathemas, 13, 30, 39, 60, 101–2, 130, 327, 336–38, 376 136, 146, 149–52, 155, 158, 205, and philosophy, 43, 49–50 207, 210–11, 225, 227, 243, condemnation of, 8, 44, 46, 76, 92, 259–60, 267, 272, 296, 309, 102, 122–23, 130, 148, 225, 228, 314–15, 355, 376 230, 241, 254, 327 Ancyra correspondence, 38, 45, 122, 126, as original council venue, 12, 26, 46, 141, 149, 215–17, 220 65, 70–73, 75–76, 88, 92, 120, death of, 6, 46, 202, 225, 238, 122–23, 204, 230 240, 252 church of, 94, 212 Thalia,44–45, 60 city of, 24, 70–76, 92, 120, 248–49 theology of, 4, 7, 9, 14, 19, 30, 47–52, Antioch 57–61, 141, 143, 146–47, 149–50, church of, 165–66, 175, 215, 233, 225–27, 229, 235, 253–54, 257–58, 240, 248, 253, 266, 273, 275, 266, 284–85 283, 350 asceticism, 48, 55, 162

416

© in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-108-42774-6 — The Cambridge Companion to the Council of Nicaea Edited by Young Richard Kim Index More Information

index 417

Asia Minor, 22, 24, 32, 67, 70–72, 77, canons, 102, 105–6, 151, 158–60, 87–88, 92, 108, 239, 274 173–75, 184–85, 328, 332, 337, Asterius, 45, 49, 227, 232, 234–37, 349, 351, 357–60, 362–63, See also 242, 253 Nicene canons Athanasius, 5, 9–10, 14, 43, 45–49, Cappadocian Fathers, 14, 278–79 53–54, 57–61, 91, 95, 100–2, 104, Chalcedon, city, 73–74, 76 126, 146–47, 149–51, 153, 177, Christology, 14, 49, 57, 60–62, 159, 189, 192–99, 225–29, 231–32, 235, 171, 228, 234, 243, 283–87, 237–47, 249, 252–54, 258–59, 290–304, 331–35, 337, 341 265–67, 271–73, 282, 289, 291, Constans, 239, 241, 243–44, 253, 348 298–99, 301–2, 309–11, 318, Constantine, 1–2, 4, 7–8, 12–13, 19–23, 328–29, 331, 347–49, 357 25–39, 44–46, 53–54, 59, 70–73, condemnations/depositions of, 104, 75–77, 80, 82–83, 85, 87–88, 90–92, 212, 229, 238, 240–42, 244, 95–104, 107–9, 111–31, 143–44, 246–47, 258, 261, 309, 347–49 147–49, 151, 164, 167, 171, on the Council of Nicaea, 100, 189–91, 199, 202–4, 209–10, 189–90, 245–46, 253–54, 261–62, 215–20, 225–33, 237–40, 252–53, 265–67 260, 328, 338, 376 successor to Alexander, 5, 53, 104, accession of, 12, 21–22, 28–30, 112 121, 131, 189, 226, 228 baptism of, 27, 76, 130, 231 theology of, 49, 59–60, 126, 147, 149, concern for unity, 1, 4–5, 13, 32, 207, 235, 237, 242, 246, 253, 97–98, 100, 103–4, 109, 116–9, 259–61, 265–67, 286–87, 289, 126, 129–31, 216–17, 219, 328 298–99, 301–2, 311 as conspirator, 1–2, 5 writings of, 45, 54, 61, 100, 103, 126, conversion of, 1, 38–39, 112, 127, 328 144, 151, 189, 192–97, 235, 241, as Council convener, 5, 19, 26, 245, 253, 258, 261, 265–67, 272, 70–73, 87, 92, 111, 115, 120, 122, 289, 291, 298–99, 301–2, 347 124, 189 Augustine, 14, 320–22, 353, 355 and homoousios, 100, 126, 129, Auxentius of Milan, 247, 310–11, 319 147–49, 208–10 letters of, 22, 38, 45, 59, 70, 91, 95, Basil of Ancyra, 227, 238, 242, 244, 102–3, 108, 114, 116, 118–22, 129, 246, 248–51, 253, 262–63, 299, 147, 191, 215, 220–21, 230, 328 306, 309–12 and Licinius, 12, 19–20, 22–23, Basil of Caesarea, 14, 101, 135, 141, 25–27, 29, 31, 46, 53–54, 121, 150–51, 254, 265, 267–75, 278, 167, 229 282–84 tricennalia of, 38, 117, 127, 237–38 basilica, 1, 65, 69, 75, 78, 80–87, vicennalia of, 36, 38, 76, 108, 242, 251 120, 127 Constantine II, 239, 241 Caecilianus of Carthage, 22, 94, 108, Constantinople 113, 160 church of, 27, 105–6, 154, 166, 175, Caesarea 225, 240, 253, 274, 331, 335, 348, church of, 105–6, 166, 203, 208–9, 350, 356, 368 221, 350 city of, 6, 26, 39, 46, 72, 74–75, 79, city of, 59, 182, 184, 207 170, 212, 238–41, 251, 263, 274, canon law, 158–59, 328, 363–66 283, 306, 313, 315, 320

418 index

Constantius Chlorus, 21, 28–30, 32, Council of Chalcedon (451), 4, 73–74, 80, 239 91, 94, 98–99, 105, 152, 159, 254, Constantius II, 70, 73, 92, 225, 287, 297, 330, 332–35, 340–41, 350 228–31, 239, 241–53, 260–65, Deﬁnition of, 101, 154, 291, 296, 276, 299, 305–9, 313–14, 316–19, 334, 336, 340 322, 348 Council of Constantinople consubstantial. See homoousios in 335, 38 Council (Fourth) of the Lateran in 336, 34, 38, 248 (1215), 356 in 337, 240 Council (Second) of the Vatican (1962– in 382, 275, 279, 283, 342 65), 357 in 553, 159, 330 Council of Alexandria in 668, 330 in c. 319/322, 46 in 680/1, 159 in 324, 72, 120 Council of Constantinople (360), 227, in 338, 240 229, 251, 263, 267, 269, 288, Council of Alexandria (362), 253, 316, 322 265–66, 282, 286, 288, 318, 323 Council of Constantinople (381), 4–5, Tome to the Antiochenes, 254, 10, 14, 136, 152–54, 166, 226, 266–67, 272, 286, 289 253–54, 256, 273–75, 283, 290, Council of Ancyra (314), 70–71, 158, 316, 330–33, 335, 339–40, 342, 168, 173, 328 349–52, 357, 366 Council of Ancyra (358), 232, 248–49, Council of Crete (2016), 343–44 262, 300, 306, 309 Council of Elvira (c. 305/6), 71, 158 Council of Antioch Council of Ephesus (431), 330–2, 334, in c. 268/9, 112, 146, 171, 213–15 340, 356 in 327, 212, 231 Council of Florence (1431–49), in 330, 158 155, 356 in 339, 348 Council of Jerusalem (335), 237 in 363, 265 Council of Lyons (1274), 356 in 379, 274, 283 Council of Milan (345), 243, 246, 260 Council of Antioch (c. 324/5), 36, 46, Council of Milan (355), 246–47, 261, 59, 91, 99, 120, 122, 146, 204–5, 307–9, 317 208, 221, 229 Council of Nicaea Council of Antioch (341)/Dedication attendees, 71–72, 92–96, 368 Council, 151, 228, 242–44, 249, Constantine at, 3, 12, 20, 30, 34, 38, 252, 259, 262, 348 96–98, 103, 107–9, 111, 123–26, Council of Aquileia (381), 315, 319–21 130–31, 219–20 Council of Ariminum (359), 70, debate on Easter, 2, 13, 32, 38, 91, 249–51, 263, 265, 305–6, 311–19, 102–4, 107, 135, 177, 180–81, 321–22 188–92, 199, 328, 347 Council of Arles (314), 22, 71–72, 77, proceedings of, 96–102, 124–26, 161 92, 95, 98, 102, 114–6, 122, 128, reception of, 3–8, 14–15, 151–56, 131, 231 225–9, 240–44, 252–54, 316–18, Council of Carthage 327–9, 343–45, 347–49, 355, 366 in 407, 71 Council of Nicaea (787), 69, 205, in 411, 25 355, 357 in 419, 174, 362 Council of Nicomedia (327/8), 38, in 425/5, 175 75–76, 231–32, 234

index 419

Council of Rome in Tyana (367), 265 in 251, 213–14 Quinisext (692), 159, 164, 173 in 340/1, 347 Creed of Nicaea. See Nicene Creed in c. 368, 319 creed of Sirmium (357) in 371, 319 (The “Blasphemy”), 247, 249–50, in 382, 283 261–63, 268, 299, 306–11, 313 Council of Rome (313), 72, 114–15, creeds, 9, 13, 92, 123, 135–44, 151–56, 120, 122 158, 225–6, 231–32, 242, 244, Council of Seleucia (359), 70, 242, 248–50, 253, 257–65, 267–68, 249–53, 263, 265, 311–12, 314, 317 271–72, 279–80, 305–10, 316, Council of Serdica (343), 77, 105, 161, 331–6, 349–52 228, 232, 243–44, 247, 249, 254, Apostles’ Creed, 3, 142, 144–45, 153, 260, 262, 305, 309, 348, 335, 340 359–62, 366 of Ariminum, 251, 310–12, 315–16 Council of Sirmium of Caesarea, 36, 99, 101, 129, 143–45, in 347, 73 149, 208–9, 350 in 351, 73, 244–46, 248, 260–62 Dated Creed, 250–51, 253, 262–63, in 357, 73, 247–49, 261–62, 299, 310–11, 312–14 301, 313 Dedication Creed, 232, 234, in 359, 73, 250, 262 242–43, 248, 250–54, 259, Council of Toledo (589), 339, 351, 355 262–63, 311 Council of Tyre (335), 212, 231, 238, Eastern Creed of Serdica, 248, 262 240, 347 Fourth Creed of Antioch, 242–43, councils/synods, 9, 70–71, 91, 135, 259–61, 263–64 158–59, 165–66, 173, 181, 194, of Jerusalem, 151, 153 213, 219–21, 225, 245, 252–53, Macrostich, 243, 248, 260, 262, 311 259, 264, 283, 305, 318, 328, 330, of Nike¯/Constantinople, 251–52, 353, 357, 359–60, 364, 376 263–66, 268, 314 ecumenical, 2, 4, 7, 10, 26, 69, Western Creed of Serdica, 244 71, 73, 91–92, 98, 101, 111, 123, Crispus, 35–36, 230 135–36, 159, 169, 228, 243–44, Cyril of Alexandria, 14, 150–51, 247, 249, 257, 273, 311, 328, 330, 153–54, 177, 193, 198, 330–2, 341, 336–7, 339–40, 342–44, 349, 354, 363 356–57 in Aachen (809), 351, 355 Damasus of Rome, 273–74, 278, 283, in Arles (353), 246, 261, 308–9, 317 319, 329, 357–58, 360 in Bithynia (ca. 320), 24, 76 Diocletian, 12, 19, 21, 26–29, 31–33, in Frankfurt (794), 355 53, 68–69, 72, 74–75, 80, 115, in Jerusalem (335), 231, 240 125, 164 in Jerusalem (Acts 15), 93, 343–44 Dionysius of Alexandria, 55, 146, 150, in Lampsacus (364/6), 265 177, 183–84, 192, 199, 298, 362 in Laodicea (c. 363/4, 164 Donatists, 13, 22, 53, 104, 108, 113, in Neocaesarea (315), 158, 164, 115, 119 173, 328 Donatus, 22, 25, 113 in Paris (360/1), 265, 316–17, 319 in Seleucia-Ctesiphon (410), 174 Easter. See Pasch in Toledo (400), 173 ecumenical councils. See councils/ in Turin (398/9), 361 synods: ecumenical

420 index

Egypt, 19, 22, 24, 26, 32, 44–46, 48, 51, Eusebius of Vercelli, 246–47, 261, 53, 55, 101, 104–6, 165, 179, 193, 309, 318 228, 233, 238–39, 241, 249, 376–77 Eustathians, 254, 266–67 Eleusius of Cyzicus, 248–49, 251 Eustathius of Antioch, 52, 60, 91–92, Epiphanius of Cyprus, 10, 45, 51, 53, 94, 97, 99–100, 106, 125–26, 150, 152–54, 170, 284, 299, 301–2, 311 205, 210, 212, 227–34, 253, 258, essence. See ousia 266, 273, 284–86, 302–3, 370 Eudoxius of Germanicia, 225, 248, 251, Eustathius of Sebasteia, 248–49, 251, 253, 262, 266, 268, 310 271–72, 283 Eunomians. See Heteroousians Eunomius of Cyzicus, 141, 251, 262, Filioque, 4, 15, 155, 339–43, 267–68, 273–74, 288, 301, 319 351–56, 366 Eusebians, 98, 100, 126, 226–8, 233, 243, 258–62, 264, 266–67, 279, 348 Galerius. See Tetrarchy Eusebius of Caesarea, 13, 19, 23–25, 32, Gaul, 22, 32–33, 93–94, 113–15, 186, 34–39, 46, 54, 57–59, 61, 75–76, 78, 188, 213, 246, 249, 318–19, 82–83, 86, 91–92, 94, 96–105, 351, 360 107–9, 117–20, 123–30, 135, George of Laodicea, 248, 263, 267, 282, 143–44, 146–49, 153, 160, 299, 301 169, 180–85, 190–92, 195, 197, Gratian, 319, 322 202–21, 225–8, 231–38, 240, 242, Gregory of Nazianzus, 14, 274–75, 246, 253, 258, 285–86, 298, 300, 278, 353 303, 369 Gregory of Nyssa, 14, 254, 272, 274–75, on the Council of Nicaea, 96–102, 278, 288, 303 107, 123–26, 208–12, 215–20 Ecclesiastical History,23–24, 35–36, Helena, 7, 36–37, 230–31 146, 160, 180, 185, 203, 213, heresies, 15, 20, 47, 91, 139, 147, 150, 215–17, 228 152, 214, 231, 233, 249, 266, 271, Life of Constantine, 24, 37–38, 77, 276, 282, 284, 303, 305, 308, 330, 96–97, 108, 117, 123, 127, 135, 339, 351, 366, 377 181, 190, 202–3, 205, 213, heretics, 5–6, 8–9, 106, 142, 171, 207, 215–21, 231 271, 276, 305, 329, 337, 364 supporter of Arius, 24, 36, 208, 227 Heteroousian theology, 262–64, 268, theology of, 24, 34–35, 143–47, 274, 284, 288, 309 203–12, 227, 233–35 Heteroousians, 262, 268, 279, 284, Eusebius of Nicomedia, 7, 23–27, 36, 301, 312 44–46, 49, 52, 54, 71, 76, 94, 97, Aetius, 248, 251, 262, 264, 268, 99–100, 102, 106, 121–23, 125–26, 301, 309 130, 146–47, 149–51, 225–27, Eunomians, 276, 279, 312 230–31, 234–35, 237, 239–42, 247, Hieracas, 47, 51 253, 258, 348, 374 Hilary of Poitiers, 14, 243, 245, 249–50, as bishop of Constantinople, 239–42, 254, 259, 261, 306–9, 311–12, 318 247, 253, 348 Hippolytus, 141, 144–45, 183–84, 188 deposition of, 25, 36, 76, 102, 230 Holy Spirit, 4, 9, 137–43, 146, 151–52, supporter of Arius, 24–26, 46, 76, 154–56, 174, 206, 243, 258, 266, 121, 146 268, 271–72, 274–75, 277, 279, theology of, 24, 99, 146, 149–51, 227, 288–90, 300, 314, 323, 329, 332, 234–35 337, 339–40, 342–44, 352–56, 377

index 421

Homoian theology, 14, 262–64, 268, as created, 4, 6, 24, 47–50, 60, 148, 288, 299, 301, 312, 315–16 150–51, 154, 156, 210, 271, 306, Homoians, 263–66, 282, 312, 318–22 315, 376 homoios, 262, 311–12, 315 as divine, 2, 4–6, 8–9, 35, 37, 47–51, Homoiousian theology, 262–66, 58–62, 155, 206, 275, 277, 287, 268–69, 300 291–98, 301–3, 329 Homoiousians, 250, 262–66, 275, 279, as eternal, 30, 47, 62, 149, 233 282, 299–301 eternal generation of, 46–48, 50, homoiousios, 102, 119, 247–49, 253, 149–50 261, 263, 300, 307, 309 as exemplar, 48, 55–57, 61 homoousion, 135, 144, 147, 149, as (hu)man, 2, 35, 37, 139, 150, 152, 151–52, 258, 263–64, 277, 279–80, 154, 243, 290–95, 331 282, 287–94, 297–98, 301–2 as image, 47, 57, 59–62, 206, 234–37, homoousios,5,13–14, 38, 90, 99–102, 246, 253, 309, 311 119, 126, 129, 131, 135, 144–49, incarnate/incarnation, 48–50, 52, 173, 208–9, 225–6, 229, 231–33, 59–62, 138, 140, 145, 152, 154, 235, 237, 242, 245–50, 253–54, 156, 211–12, 237, 272, 283–85, 261, 263, 266, 268–71, 275, 287, 291, 294–95, 297–98, 300, 287–88, 290–97, 298–302, 309, 302–3, 305, 308, 330, 344 314, 317–18, 323 as Logos/Word, 4, 34–35, 47, 49, 61, consubstantial, 5–6, 135, 147, 152, 137–39, 143–45, 149–50, 209, 155–56, 208–9, 211, 278, 288–90, 234–37, 284–85, 287–88, 292–94, 292, 294, 296–97, 302, 323, 328, 296–97, 299–300, 302, 337, 344 338, 355 nature(s) of, 4, 46–47, 150, 152, 154, same essence, 4, 38 234, 246, 287, 291–93, 296–97, same substance, 5, 269–70, 276, 308, 331 296, 302 as only-begotten, 34, 38, 57, 117, Hosius/Ossius of Cordova, 72, 92–93, 141, 143–45, 152–54, 156, 209, 98–1, 105, 119–20, 148–49, 151, 234, 243, 253, 269, 310–11, 205, 227–30, 247, 249, 253, 307, 314, 317 349, 369 relationship to the Father, 4–5, 9, 12, hypostasis, 60, 145–49, 156, 206–7, 36–38, 99–100, 126, 135, 143, 210–11, 243, 266–67, 271, 275, 145–48, 172, 205–7, 209–10, 227, 294–95, 312 244, 248, 250, 253, 259, 262–63, 268–71, 282, 288–90, 292–95, Innocent I of Rome, 358–61 300–1, 305–6, 308, 311, 313–17, Irenaeus, 58, 137–38, 182, 188, 213 328, 331, 336–39, 352–53 as Son of God, 2, 6, 9, 30, 35–39, Jerome, 77, 108, 288, 314–15 47–50, 135, 137–41, 144–45, 152, Jerusalem 154, 156, 209, 243, 246, 277, 310, church of, 94, 101, 105–6, 151, 166, 314–15, 330, 337, 376 221, 364 soul of, 152, 154, 234, 284–86, 302 Church of the Ascension, 84 as (un)changeable, 47–49, 52, 58–60, Church of the Holy Sepulchre, 145, 148, 150, 155 38–39, 212, 237 Jovian, 226, 253, 289, 318 city of, 38–39, 84, 178, 212, 237–38 Julius Julianus, 23–24, 26, 54 Jesus Christ/Son Julius of Rome, 142, 228, 240–43, 245, as autexousios,48–49, 58, 60 252, 254, 259, 261, 309, 347–49

422 index

Laodicea Milan church of, 181, 184, 282, 288, 303 church of, 320 city of, 24, 282, 301 city of, 73, 80, 199, 247, 320 Leo I of Rome, 95, 153–54, 174, 334, monogene¯s. See Jesus Christ/Son:as 341, 353, 355 only-begotten Liberius of Rome, 245, 247, 252, 261, monotheism, 47, 49, 52, 57–58, 61 307, 309, 313, 317, 349 Libya, 32, 46, 105, 165, 369, 376 Narcissus of Neronias, 30, 46, 92, 99, Licinius, 12, 19–29, 31, 35, 37, 46, 204, 233, 235, 371 53–54, 118, 121–22, 167–69, 203, Neo-Nicenes, 305, 317, 320, 322 229–30 Nestorius, 153, 331–2 legislation against Christians, 25, Nicaea 54, 121, 163, 167–69 archaeology of, 65–70, 78–79 Lucian of Antioch, 43, 46, 49, 54 buildings of, 69, 78–79, 82–87, Lucifer of Cagliari, 247, 261, 266, 96, 230 309, 318 city of, 12, 26, 34, 46, 65–79, 84, 87, 92–96, 108, 120, 148, 249 Macedonians. See Pneumatomachians Nicene canons, 13, 15, 39, 90, 105–6, Macedonius of Constantinople, 94, 158–75, 225, 253, 331, 338, 343, 105, 221, 227, 249, 251, 348, 347, 357–60, 363–66 351, 369 canon 1, 162, 363 Manichaeans, 47, 51, 55, 147, 276 canon 2, 162, 359, 361, 363 Marcellus of Ancyra, 14, 52, 54, 57, 71, canon 3, 163, 359, 363 92, 94, 122, 142–43, 147, 149–50, canon 4, 164, 358–59, 361 152, 207–8, 210, 212, 227–8, canon 5, 32, 165, 175, 348, 233–44, 246, 249, 253, 258–62, 358–59, 364 267, 273, 279, 286, 309 canon 6, 105–6, 165–66, 364 condemnations/depositions of, 212, canon 7, 105–6, 166, 364 238, 244, 246, 258, 273, 309 canon 8, 106–7, 170–71, 343, 359, theology of, 14, 57, 149–50, 207–8, 364–65 212, 228, 235–37, 243, 253, canon 9, 162, 359, 365 258–60, 267, 279, 286 canon 10, 163 Marius Victorinus, 14, 267, 307 canon 11, 26, 167–68, 365 martyrs, 46, 53–58, 61, 69, 84, 252 canon 12, 169, 358–59, 365 Mary, 36, 137–40, 142, 152–54, 238, canon 13, 169, 365 287, 291, 294, 296, 298, 307 canon 14, 168–69, 343, 365 Theotokos, 153, 356 canon 15, 105, 167, 225, 233, 241, material/materiality, 47, 50, 53, 57, 253, 343, 358, 364 59–61, 140, 147, 206, 209–11, 260, canon 16, 167, 358–59, 364 266, 268–70 canon 17, 163, 343, 365 Maxentius, 21–22, 28–29, 31, 38, canon 18, 106, 163–64, 343, 365 112–13, 120 canon 19, 106, 171–72, 366 Meletians, 228, 254, 266–67 canon 20, 172–73, 366 Meletius of Antioch, 253, 266, 273–75 Nicene Creed, 3–5, 9–10, 13–15, 30, 36, Melitian Schism, 91, 104, 328 39, 90, 94–95, 98–102, 107–9, 126, Melitians, 51, 53, 104–6, 233 129–30, 135–36, 138–39, 141, Melitius of Lycopolis, 53, 104, 376–77 144–54, 158, 171, 208, 210–11, Methodius of Olympus, 57, 60 225, 229–33, 242–43, 245–47,

index 423

249–52, 254, 256–59, 261, 263, Palestine, 22, 31, 37, 94, 103, 182, 265, 267–68, 271–73, 275, 277, 203, 239 288, 298, 301, 305, 307, 310, Pasch, 13, 177–78, 180–200, 213, 377 312–13, 316, 322, 327–6, 338–41, Alexandrian tradition, 177–78, 345, 349, 352, 355–56, 366 182–84, 186–99 and anathemas, 30, 101–2, 136, Asian tradition, 181–82, 188–89, 150–51, 210–11, 259 191, 199, 213 composition of, 98–102, 144–45, 151 Easter, 2, 13, 22, 32, 38–39, 91, reception of, 4–5, 13–15, 151–56, 102–4, 107, 135, 172, 177, 189–99, 225, 229, 231–32, 245–47, 251–52, 213, 328, 347 254, 263, 265, 267–68, 271–73, Quartodecimans, 180, 191 277, 305, 308–9, 327–29, 331–6, Patrophilus of Scythopolis, 238, 370 349–52, 355–56 Paul of Constantinople, 239, 244, 348 theology of, 5, 14, 144–51, 288 Paul of Samosata, 106, 112, 171, use in liturgy, 3, 14, 335–6, 349–52 213–14, 268, 285, 303, 366 Niceno-Constantinopolitan Creed, 4, Paulinus of Antioch, 254, 266, 273, 275 95, 152–55, 254, 256, 275–80, 327, Paulinus of Tyre, 146, 231, 234–35 331, 333–37, 339–42, 350 persecutions, 12, 19, 25, 37, 52–53, Nicomedia, city, 23, 25–26, 36, 53–54, 57, 69–70, 105–7, 112–13, 68–70, 72–77, 79–80, 87, 108, 116, 119, 163, 167–68, 170, 120–21, 130, 148, 231–32, 241, 249 329, 365 North Africa, 22, 25, 53, 71, 93–94, Great Persecution, 52–53, 69, 75, 104, 108, 113, 115–16, 119, 128, 104, 108, 113, 115–16, 217 131, 160, 174 Peter of Alexandria, 273, 278, 329 Novatianists, 106–7, 170–71, 188, Philostorgius, 10, 44, 91, 100, 148, 151, 213–14, 276, 359, 364–65 231–32, 254 Phoebadius of Agen, 261, 306–8, 313 Origen, 43, 49, 52, 58, 140, 143, Photinus, 243–44, 246, 249, 260, 262, 145–46, 149, 162, 207, 228, 235 305, 308–9 Orthodox Church, 327, 330, 337, Photius of Constantinople, 155, 232, 343–45, 364 340, 356 orthodoxy, 6, 9–10, 15, 20, 32, 43, 47, Pneumatomachians, 272, 274–76, 51, 99–100, 129, 135–36, 142, 146, 279–80 215, 249, 258–59, 273, 276–78, Macedonians, 274–76, 279 287, 290, 293, 297, 328, 334–35, polytheism, 5, 55, 57, 61, 205 341–42 pro-Nicene alliance, 14, 256–57, 262, ousia, 100, 145–49, 155, 207, 210–11, 265, 273–74, 276, 279 226–27, 229, 234–36, 243–48, pro-Nicenes, 173, 256, 268, 275, 279, 250–51, 253, 260–61, 263–64, 287, 289, 305, 312 266–67, 269–71, 277, 279–80, 288, 292, 295–97, 299, 302, 305, 307, Quartodecimans. See Pasch 311–14, 317 essence, 6, 24, 35, 50, 59, 146, Roman Catholic Church, 2, 15, 341, 234–36, 253, 309–10 347, 363, 366 substance, 5, 14, 137, 140, 144–45, Rome 150, 156, 207, 209–10, 263, 266, church of, 102, 182, 214, 229, 268–71, 274–77, 284, 295, 298, 240–41, 320, 348–49, 351, 356, 300, 305, 308–9, 314, 316–17 360, 362, 364, 366, 368

424 index

Rome (cont.) Theodotus of Laodicea, 46, 92, 99, 204, city of, 21, 26, 28–29, 31–33, 36, 233, 285, 303, 370 69, 80, 115, 141–42, 153, Theognis of Nicaea, 76, 102, 123, 130, 164–66, 174, 177, 181, 183, 230–31, 238, 240, 374 214–15, 230, 240–41, 245, 248, Theonas of Marmarica, 102, 106, 283, 319–20, 347–48, 350–51, 230, 376 355–56, 359 Thessalonica, 29, 79–80, 84–86, 359 Ruﬁnus, 142, 145, 160, 175, 185–86 Timothy of Berytus, 283, 289–90, 295–97 Sabellianism, 207, 212, 231, 258–59, Tome to the Antiochenes/Tomus ad 262, 264, 266, 268, 271, 279 Antiochenos. See Council of Sabellius, 30, 207, 233, 258, 276 Alexandria (362) same essence. See homoousios Trier, 80, 86, 231, 238–39, 243, 348 same substance. See homoousios Trinity, 4, 9–10, 27, 130, 139, 150, 155, Secundus of Ptolemais, 101, 106, 230, 206–7, 212, 266, 276–79, 283–85, 241, 369, 376 288–89, 291, 294–95, 300, 303, Serdica, city, 26, 80–82 329, 336, 344, 353–55, 356 Sirmium, city, 26, 73, 80–82, doctrine of, 4–5, 135, 279, 288 248–49, 309 persons of, 35, 150, 206–7, 275, 277, Socrates, 10, 45, 91, 96, 107, 125, 150, 284–85, 288, 291, 294, 300, 189, 310 303, 353 Son. See Jesus Christ Sozomen, 10, 45, 91, 97, 122, 149, 348 Ursacius of Singidunum, 238, 240, 243, substance. See ousia 247–51, 307, 311, 313, 315, 319 synods. See councils/synods Syria, 22, 26, 65, 101, 103, 239, 298, 303 Valens, emperor, 69, 253, 319 Valens of Mursa, 238, 240, 243, 246–51, Tertullian, 137–40, 144–45, 150, 307, 309, 311–16, 319 180, 353 Valentinian I, 74, 79, 253, 318, 322 Tetrarchy, 19, 21, 27–29, 80, 230 Valentinian II, 310, 316, 320 Galerius, 21–22, 28–29, 31–32, 53, Vincentius, presbyter of Rome, 93, 69, 79–80, 85, 116 240–41, 369 Maximian, 19, 21, 28–33, 74, 115 Vita Constantini. See Eusebius of Maximinus, 19, 21–24, 28 Caesarea: Life of Constantine Severus, 21 Vitalis of Antioch, 283, 290, 296 Theodoret of Cyrrhus, 10, 97, 99, 144, Vitus, presbyter of Rome, 93, 146–48, 150, 313 240–41, 369 Theodosius I, 198, 252, 254, 273–77, 279, 320, 329 Zosimus of Rome, 174–75, 349, 360–63