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Describen En Patagonia Unas Moscas De Las Flores Que Imitan a Abejorros

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Describen En Patagonia Unas Moscas De Las Flores Que Imitan a Abejorros EARTH Describen en Patagonia unas moscas de las flores que imitan a abejorros El mimetismo batesiano, que consiste en que ocasiones una especie inofensiva se asemeja a otra peligrosa o repugnante para evitar el ataque de los depredadores, está muy extendido entre los insectos, particularmente en los sírfidos, unas moscas que imitan a las abejas y avispas. Un estudio, en el que han participado investigadores del Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, ha analizado el mimetismo batesiano del sírfido Aneriophora aureorufa hacia el himenóptero Bombus dahlbomii en Patagonia, una relación que hasta ahora sólo había sido sugerida en un estudio taxonómico de principios del siglo XX. MNCN 6/6/2013 10:58 CEST Ejemplo de mimetismo batesiano: a la izquierda el himenóptero Bombus dahlbomii y a la derecha el díptero Aneriophora aureorufa que le imita, alimentándose en la misma especie de planta en el sur de Chile. / José Luis Nieves Aldrey. Henry Walter Bates fue un naturalista británico del siglo XIX, compañero de Alfred Russell Wallace en su expedición por el Amazonas. Bates estudió el mimetismo en las mariposas de la Amazonia y observó que en ocasiones una especie inofensiva se asemejaba a otra peligrosa o repugnante para evitar el ataque de los depredadores. EARTH Este fenómeno fue bautizado como mimetismo batesiano en su honor. Charles Darwin llegó a decir de sus trabajos que eran la prueba más bonita de la existencia de la selección natural. Una investigación en la que han participado el Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN-CSIC), la Universidad de Notthingham y del Museo Nacional de Escocia estudia, por primera vez el mimetismo del díptero Aneriophora aureorufa hacia el himenóptero sudamericano Bombus dahlbomii. Aunque la semejanza física entre ambas especies es muy grande, no se aprecia ninguna similitud en el comportamiento. Sus resultados se han publicado en la revista Insect Conservation and Diversity. Similitud morfológica Ambas especies podrían estar potencialmente amenazadas en algunas partes de los bosques americanos australes Según los investigadores, lo que resulta particularmente interesante de este hallazgo es que este parecido ha evolucionado bastante rápidamente cuando se compara con otros sistemas sírfidos-abejorros de las áreas templadas del hemisferio norte. La actividad alimentaria de ambas especies se restringe fundamentalmente a la planta endémica Eucryphia cordifolia. Sin embargo, las moscas emplearon un tiempo sensiblemente mayor en las flores que los abejorros y otros polinizadores. El mimetismo, por tanto, se restringe a la morfología ya que no se ha encontrado evidencia alguna de similitud en el comportamiento trófico. Los investigadores también señalan que ambas especies podrían estar potencialmente amenazadas en algunas partes de los bosques americanos australes, dada su distribución endémica, la aparente especialización trófica y la invasión de abejorros exóticos. EARTH Carlo Polidori, del MNCN, nos comenta: “El abejorro B. dalbhomii parece preferir las partes más frescas de la Patagonia, por lo que el cambio climático le afectaría negativamente. Además, este abejorro es menos frecuente en las áreas donde la especie exótica Bombus ruderatus es más abundante. Todo esto afectaría indirectamente al sírfido A. aureorufa ya que podría disminuir la eficacia del mimetismo como estrategia de protección”. Referencia bibliográfica: Polidori, C., Nieves-aldrey, J. L., Gilbert, F., Rotheray, G. E. 2013. Hidden in taxonomy: Batesian mimicry by a syrphid fly towards a Patagonian bumblebee. Insect Conservation and Diversity. doi: 10.1111/icad.12028. Copyright: Creative Commons SÍRFIDOS MIMETISMO BATESIANO CONDUCTA TRÓFICA HIMENÓPTEROS TAGS DÍPTEROS TAXONOMÍA CHILE MORFOLOGÍA CONSERVACIÓN PATAGONIA Creative Commons 4.0 You can copy, distribute and transform the contents of SINC. Read the conditions of our license .
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