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Side Impact Dummy Biofidelity

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Side Impact Dummy Biofidelity SideSide ImpactImpact DummyDummy BioBioffididelityelity Matthew R. Maltese NHTSA OverviewOverview What is Biofidelity? Impact Testing Translating Test Data to into a Biofidelity Score Biofidelity of various Side Impact Dummies Conclusions WhatWhat isis Biofidelity?Biofidelity? A crash test dummy should: – Load the Crash Environment Like a Human Would a side impact dummy should impart human-like force-area-time history upon the vehicle environment – Predict Human Injury Consequences a side impact dummy should reproduce the necessary internal kinematic and kinetic measurements to accurately predict injury BiofidelityBiofidelity EvaluationEvaluation ProcessProcess Human/Dummy Test the dummy and human surrogate in an environment similar to Impact Testing the crash Compare quantitatively Quantitative Response the response of the Comparison human and dummy Combine the Biofidelity quantitative response Score comparison from each Calculation test into a meaningful Injury Environmental score Prediction Biofidelity Biofidelity Score Score BiofidelityBiofidelity EvaluationEvaluation ProcessProcess Human/Dummy Impact Testing Quantitative Impact Testing Response Comparison Biofidelity Score Calculation Injury Environmental Prediction Biofidelity Biofidelity Score Score NHTSANHTSA BiofidelityBiofidelity ImpactImpact TestsTests Biofidelity tests are conducted on both dummies and human surrogates in a variety of test conditions. Tests include: – Whole-body Sled Tests to quantify the performance of the torso and pelvis as a system. – Pendulum tests to the thorax and shoulder. – Neck tests to ensure the head is correctly positioned for a head strike. – Head Drop tests to quantify the response of the head exposed to blunt impact. NHTSANHTSA BiofidelityBiofidelity ImpactImpact TestsTests Head Neck Tests Thorax Shoulder Drop a(t)x(t) (t) Tests Tests Tests a(t) aMAX D1 Sled Tests x(t) a(t) a(t) F(t) a(t) BiofidelityBiofidelity EvaluationEvaluation ProcessProcess Human/Dummy Impact Testing Quantitative Quantitative Response Response Comparison Comparison Biofidelity Score Calculation Injury Environmental Prediction Biofidelity Biofidelity Score Score DummyDummy--toto--HumanHuman ComparisonComparison 1 ! T 1 2 2 Human surrogate and " D(t) human (t) 2 # 3 R t 0 T dummy response R SD (t) O signals are overlayed. t0 N O T I T N E A R M The dummy response E E L C E (D), surrogate mean A C L C P A S ( ), and standard I , D E deviation (SD) are C R O then combined to F quantify (R) how well Time the dummy matches the cadaver. Padded 8.9 m/s Flat Wall Sled Test 18000 ES2 - B4454 Score = 7.35 16000 ES2 - B4455 Score = 7.21 ) SID ES2 - B5214 Score = 7.44 ns 14000 SID - B5908 Score = 12.28 to WS - B4691 Score = 3.55 w 12000 WS - B4692 Score = 3.83 +/- One Standard Deviation (Ne 10000 Mean e c ES2 8000 e For t 6000 WorldSID 4000 ax Pla or 2000 Th 0 Mean +/- Std. Dev, -2000 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 Time (seconds) Padded 8.9 m/s Flat Wall Sled Test 5000 ES2 - B4454 Score = 4.96 ES2 ES2 - B4455 Score = 5.06 4000 ES2 - B5214 Score = 4.46 ons) t SID SID - B5908 Score = 3.39 WS - B4691 Score = 3.74 ew N WS - B4692 Score = 3.61 ( 3000 WorldSID +/- One Standard Deviation Mean 2000 e Force at l 1000 men P o d 0 b A Mean +/- Std. Dev, -1000 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 Time (seconds) Padded 8.9 m/s Flat Wall Sled Test 16000 ES2 ES2 - B5214 Score = 5.71 14000 SID - B5908 Score = 6.92 WS - B4691 Score = 5.01 SID 12000 WS - B4692 Score = 5.23 ons) t +/- One Standard Deviation Mean 10000 WorldSID 8000 6000 e Force (New at l 4000 is P lv 2000 e P 0 Mean +/- Std. Dev, -2000 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 Time (seconds) BiofidelityBiofidelity EvaluationEvaluation ProcessProcess Human/Dummy Impact Testing Biofidelity Quantitative Score Response Comparison Calculation Biofidelity Score Calculation Injury Environmental Prediction Biofidelity Biofidelity Score Score TestTest ConditionCondition WeightsWeights Each R score is weighted according to its test condition. The Test Condition Weights quantify the importance of the results from a particular test condition in the overall biofidelity score. Two factors influence the weights: – the number of human surrogate test subjects used to develop the corridor. – the degree to which a particular test condition matches the real-world crash environment. BiofidelityBiofidelity EvaluationEvaluation ProcessProcess Human/Dummy Impact Testing Score Quantitative Response Comparison Biofidelity Score Calculation Injury Environmental Prediction Biofidelity Biofidelity Score Score BiofidelityBiofidelity ScoresScores Two Scores are Calculated – Environmental Biofidelity Rank = average of the weighted R values from Load wall and pendulum forces, as well as head/neck displacement and angle. – Injury Criteria Fidelity Rank = average of the weighted R values from the signals used to calculated the injury criteria for a particular body region. RatingRating DummyDummy BiofidelityBiofidelity 0 <= B <= 1 Excellent 0 1 < B <= 2 Good Smaller /Better 2 < B <= 3 Moderate 3 < B Poor A Dummy Scores ES-2 SID/H3 WSIDp Impact Biofidelity Overall 3.4 3.6 2.5 Head/neck 3.7 1.0 2.1 Shoulder 1.2 5.6 2.1 Thorax 5.4 6.3 3.1 Abdomen 3.6 3.5 2.5 Pelvis 2.6 3.6 3.5 (Smaller/Better) Injury Criteria Fidelity Head 0.6 0.6 0.4 Thorax 1.1 1.1 1.1 Abdomen 3.6 NA 1.3 Pelvis 1.8 1.8 1.9 CONCLUSIONSCONCLUSIONS In terms of the biofidelity of the dummy-to-vehicle interaction, – the SID/H3 is less biofidelic than the ES-2, and – the WorldSID Prototype is more biofidelic than both the SID/H3 and the ES-2. In terms of the biofidelity of the measurements on the dummy required to predict injury, – the head and thorax of the SID/H3, ES-2 and WorldSID Prototype were equally biofidelic, – the abdomen of the WorldSID Prototype is more biofidelic than the ES-2, and the SID has no abdominal injury detection capability, and – the pelvis of the SID/H3, ES-2 and WorldSID Prototype have roughly the same biofidelity. ThankThank YouYou.
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