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Ompok Bimaculatus Rearing Potential with Feed Attractants Used in Aquaculture

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Ompok Bimaculatus Rearing Potential with Feed Attractants Used in Aquaculture Available online at www.ijpab.com Rawat et al Int. J. Pure App. Biosci. 6 (6): 621-634 (2018) ISSN: 2320 – 7051 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.18782/2320-7051.7194 ISSN: 2320 – 7051 Int. J. Pure App. Biosci. 6 (6): 621-634 (2018) Review Article Ompok bimaculatus Rearing Potential with Feed Attractants Used in Aquaculture Priya Rawat1, Siddhnath2, Shiv Mohan Singh2*, Ravikant Bharti2, Narendra Verma3 and Bhogeshwar Chirwatkar4 1Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University 2Dept. of Fish Processing Technology, Faculty of Fishery Sciences, WBUAFS Kolkata 3College of Fisheries Kishanganj, Bihar Animal Sciences University 4Science and Technology Resource Centre, Gondwana University, Gadchiroli *Corresponding Author E-mail: [email protected] Received: 5.11.2018 | Revised: 10.12.2018 | Accepted: 17.12.2018 ABSTRACT IUCN red listed Ompok bimaculatus rearing plays pivotal role in aquaculture. Inclusion of diets with attractants as an alternative for the cellulose replacement gives hope to rear the carnivore species with lesser mortality. Chemo-attractants like betaine, inosine monophospahte, DL- alanine, tryptophan can be supplemented in diet which results in growth increament in fish. The fishes can feed with supplementation with natural attractants viz. dried tubifex, dried earthworm and fish meal. Attractant supplementation in diet results in the improvement in terms of weight gain, specific growth rate (SGR), total biomass and performance index and survivability. Right inclusion rate of suitable attractant (or in combination) at right stocking density for optimum days has to be worked out in region specific manner to bridge the gap of demand and supply of this IUCN red listed species. Key words: Ompok bimaculatus, Attractants, Chemo-attractant, Natural attractant, L- tryptophan, Betaine. INTRODUCTION In inland fish production, India is constantly at Global fish production has grown steadily in the second position after China with the the last five decades, with food fish supply production of 4.3 mt82. In 2015-16, there was increasing at an average annual rate of 3.2 around 10.8 million tonnes fish production in percent, outpacing world population growth at the country, which is around 6.4 per cent of 1.6percent, resulting in increasing average per total fish production of the world. From the capita availability. World per capita apparent last decade, where the average annual growth fish consumption increased from an average of rate of export of fish and fisheries production 9.9 kg in the 1960s to 20 kg in 201482. The in the world remaining 7.5 per cent, Indian total world fish production was 167 million remain at the first place with an average tonnes in 2014 which was approximately 10 annual growth rate of 14.8 per cent in the million tonnes higher as compared to 201282. export of fisheries product. Cite this article: Rawat, P., Siddhnath, Singh, S.M., Bharti, R.K., Verma, N., Chirwatkar, B., Ompok bimaculatus Rearing Potential with Feed Attractants Used in Aquaculture, Int. J. Pure App. Biosci. 6(6): 621-634 (2018). doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.18782/2320-7051.7194 Copyright © Nov.-Dec., 2018; IJPAB 621 Rawat et al Int. J. Pure App. Biosci. 6 (6): 621-634 (2018) ISSN: 2320 – 7051 1. Importance of the species quantity of iron suitable for body and also Ompok bimaculatus, commonly known as contain more protein and low fat which are Pabda, is an indigenous species and recently easily digestible. These fishes are more gaining its commercial importance owing to its popular as diet for rapid development of health good taste, nutritional value and high market at and after the time of sickness. Catfish help rate. The fish is well preferred to the people of to increase body energy and also an excellent North East India, West Bengal, Bihar and as source of omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids, well as Bangladesh due to its rich lipoprotein vitamin and mineral etc. content and soft bony structure42,9. It is a 2. Description of the species highly priced fish ranges between of US$ 7-18 2.1. Systematic position per kg in the market21. It is also seen Kingdom: Animalia frequently in the international ornamental fish Phylum: Chordata trade as two-spot glass catfish due to a round Subphylum: Vertebrata black blotch above and behind the base of the Class: Actinopterygii pectoral fin and another at the base of the tail. Order: Siluriformes It can thrive well in shallow water bodies Family: Siluridae which makes them more preferred species to Genus: Ompok be cultured in seasonal water bodies which are Species: O. bimaculatus mostly prevailed in North-eastern hilly region. 2.2. Identifying characters of Ompok Unlike other catfish, the species is pretty shy bimaculatus and peaceful in nature and goes well in poly Elongate body is strongly compressed culture system utilizing all ecological zones Head depressed and snout rounded within pond environment enhancing the Mouth is superior (Lower jaw is 45 maximum standing crop . In an experiment longer than upper) conducted by ICAR, Tripura centre on Two pairs of barbells are present. monoculture of Pabda which showed the Maxillary barbells extend posterior to -1 production and net profit of 2202 kg ha and (or slightly beyond) anal fin base -1 Rs. 5, 82, 273 ha respectively after 8 months Nostrils widely separated from each of rearing. Under well maintained culture other systems, O. bimaculatus attains a size of 85- Teeth found on jaws and vomer 21 120 g in 7-8 months . Small floating cages Caudal fin is deeply forked and its made of locally available, low-cost materials upper lobe long could also be used for rearing this high value Dorsal side grey, a transverse blackish fish. The fish has great potential to be spot present, behind the operculum on considered as a suitable candidate for the lateral line, caudal stripped with aquaculture species and system diversification. black spots; besides, there are purple Diversification of aquaculture provides a way and yellowish spots throughout the to supplement the growing demand for fish. body System diversification and species Anal fin with 57 or 58 branched diversification are the two major ways to meet rays71. the demand for alternative fish species other 2.3. Present status of Ompok than IMCs. Pabda, being one of the most bimaculatus preferred fish fits in both the diversification The catfish Ompok bimaculatus11, locally models. Qayyum and Qasim69 and Debnath et known as Pabda (butter catfish), is an al.21, have reported Ompok bimaculatus to indigenous freshwater small fish belonging to become mature at the end of first year of its the family Siluridae of the order Siluriformes7. life and the size of maturity is 10-12 cm. This catfish commonly available in beels, Nutritional value of this fish is more than that ponds, rivers and inundated fields as well as of many large species of fish. They have much streams and lakes with an extensive Copyright © Nov.-Dec., 2018; IJPAB 622 Rawat et al Int. J. Pure App. Biosci. 6 (6): 621-634 (2018) ISSN: 2320 – 7051 geographical distribution in India, Bangladesh, some observations on the food and feeding Pakistan, Afghanistan, and Burma41,9. But over habits19, fecundity, breeding and reproductive the last few decades its wild population is biology35,4, development46 and nutrient declining rapidly (> 50%) as a result of several requirement64, no published information in anthropogenic factors like indiscriminate details is available on this species. fishing during the breeding season, wide use of 2.4. Feed and feeding habits pesticide and siltation in habitat15,9. Different study on the food and feeding habit Owing to reduced abundance and restricted of Ompok bimaculatus, shows slightly distribution, this species is endangered in different results but nearly same. Sivakami80, Bangladesh39 and India12, also globally Arthi et al.6, and Mishra et al.56, have reported categorized as near threatened40 and facing it as an omnivorous fish whereas Hanjavanit high risk of extinction49. Killing of fry and and Sangpradub27 and Sangpradub et al.76, fingerlings, use of illegal fishing gear, have described it as a carnivorous fish. pollution and siltation are also key causes for Rainboth72 documented that Ompok the declining of this species36. Lack of definite bimaculatus feed on crustaceans, fish and information on the biological aspects of this molluscs while Sangpradub et al.76, have threatened fish species of the river system has reported insectivorous nature of this fish hampered the planning and implementation of species. Sivakami81 also has observed its species specific conservation and management preference mainly for insects in his study at strategies7. Bhavanisagar reservoir, Tamil Nadu. Being highly demanded and priced, However, the cannibalistic tendencies the fish is prioritized recently by the National gradually diminish after the above period. Rao Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources (NBFGR), and Karamchandani73 reported high feeding India with an aim of dual purposes, firstly, a activity during pre and post spawning period. new species for aquaculture diversification in It has been observed crustacean/fish flesh not India and other neighbouring countries; only form choice food of the species but also secondly, its culture may be used for helps in attaining proper gonadal maturation. conservation and restocking programs which 3. Challenges in larval rearing may provide quality brood stock for breeding The fish larva is a newly hatched, earliest programs. In aquaculture, the fish did not stage of an animal that undergo receive much attention till date due to metamorphosis, differing markedly in form insufficiency of gravid stocks for and appearance from the adult. Most delicate experimentation and shortage of information stage and possess maximum chance of regarding the breeding, larval rearing and mortality. It depends on yolk sac reserve for a culture technology of the fish12,8. certain period and then starts feeding on For conservation the fish, NBFGR natural available food.
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