The Genus Bryotropha Heinemann in the Western Palaearctic (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae)
O KARSHOLT & T RUTTEN
Zoologisk Museum, Copenhagen, Denmark IPK, Gatersleben, Germany
THE GENUS BRYOTROPHA HEINEMANN IN THE WESTERN PALAEARCTIC (LEPIDOPTERA: GELECHIIDAE)
Karsholt, O. & T. Rutten, 2005. The genus Bryotropha Heinemann in the western Palaearctic (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae). – Tijdschrift voor Entomologie 148: 77-207, figs. 1-422. [ 0040-7496]. Published 1 June 2005. The genus Bryotropha Heinemann in the western Palaearctic is revised for the first time. A to- tal of 36 species is recognised. Nine species are described as new: B. horribilis sp. n., B. italica sp. n., B. nupponeni sp. n., B. wolschrijni sp. n., B. heckfordi sp. n., B. phycitiniphila sp. n., B. sutteri sp. n., B. hendrikseni sp. n., and B. hulli sp. n. Representatives of two possible further species are described but, due to insufficient material, not formally named. One new combina- tion is introduced: Bryotropha sabulosella (Rebel, 1905) comb. n., and twelve new junior synonyms are proposed: B. tachengensis Li & Zheng is synonymised with B. rossica Anikin & Piskunov; B. glabrella Heinemann with B. desertella (Herrich-Schäffer), B. brevipalpella Rebel with B. plantariella (Tengström); Gelechia galbanella var. haareki Strand with B. galbanella (Zeller), B. cinnamomea Turati with B. figulella (Staudinger); B. mulinoides Amsel and B. zannonicola Hartig with B. pallorella Amsel; B. inexpectella Nel with B. plebejella (Zeller); B. saralella Amsel with B. dryadella (Zeller); B. dufraneella Joannis and B. novisimilis Li & Zheng with B. similis (Stainton), and B. ambisenectella Li & Zheng with B. svenssoni Park. The following taxa are transferred to the genus Stomopteryx Heinemann: B. subnigricella Dufrane, 1955 (comb. n.), B. neftensis Dufrane, 1955 (comb. n.), B. neftensis f. anomalella Dufrane, 1955 (comb. n.), B. nigricella f. griseella Dufrane, 1955 (comb. n.). Lectotypes are designated, in accordance with , article 74.7.3, for the following species: Recurvaria domestica Haworth, 1828, Lita punctata Staudinger, 1876, B. arabica Amsel, 1952, L. tachyptilella Rebel, 1916, L. purpurella Zetterstedt, 1839, Gelechia flavipalpella Nylander, 1848, G. desertella Douglas, 1850, G. figulella Staudinger, 1859, G. plantariella Tengström, 1848, G. cinerosella Tengström, 1848, G. serrulatella Tengström, 1848, G. galbanella Zeller, 1839, G. imperitella Staudinger, 1859, B. gallurella Amsel, 1952, B. pallorella Amsel, 1952, B. mulinoides Amsel, 1952, B. saralella Amsel, 1952, G. basaltinella Zeller, 1839, B. umbrosella fulvipalpella Joannis, 1908, R. affinis Haworth, 1828, G. tectella Herrich-Schäffer, 1854, G. similis Stainton, 1854, G. thuleella Zeller, 1857, G. confinis Stainton, 1871, G. obscurecinerea Nolcken, 1871, G. (B.) fuliginosella Snellen, 1882, B. dufraneella Joannis, 1928, G. senectella Zeller, 1839, B. obscurella Heinemann, 1870, B. phoebusella Millière, 1876. The name B. vondermühlli Nel & Brusseaux, 2003 is corrected to B. vondermuhlli. Adults, as well as male and female genitalia are described and illustrated. Keys are provided for male and female genitalia. Distribution maps are given for each species. O. Karsholt, Zoologisk Museum, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100 København Ø, Denmark. E-mail: [email protected] T. Rutten, IPK, Corrensstrasse 3, D-06466 Gatersleben, E-mail: [email protected] Keywords. – Taxonomy; new species; keys; Gelechiidae; Microlepidoptera; distribution, maps; Bryophyta.
The gelechiid genus Bryotropha Heinemann is dis- colours and lack striking wing markings. Many tributed throughout the Holartic region. Although species are also very similar in genital characters. Bryotropha specimens can be readily recognized as Since the old descriptions are often not very precise, members of this genus, the individual species are of- misidentifications and introduction of synonyms are ten difficult to separate as they usually have neutral commonplace within this genus. The present paper is
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1 2
Figs. 1-2. Scanning electron micrographs of the head of Bryotropha affinis showing characteristic pecten scale at the underside of the scape. the second in a series of studies aimed at a revision of were sometimes embedded in a ventro-dorsal posi- Bryotropha. With about 25 nominal taxa the genus tion. It is advisable to study the genitalia before em- has a clear centre in Europe and several of its species bedding since in several species important structures are among the most common gelechiid moths to be like the gnathos are easily distorted during squashing found here. or unrolling (e. g. in B. pallorella Amsel and in B. rossica Anikin & Piskunov). Female genitalia were mounted ventral side up. M Genitalia slides were customarily examined under a Methods standard research microscope. Occasionally the three- All original descriptions were checked as well as dimensional organization of complex structures was the types when available. For each nominal taxon the resolved with the aid of a Zeiss 410 confocal laser- complete synonymy is listed. In view of the great scanning microscope () (Carl Zeiss, Jena, Ger- superficial similarity of the species it was considered many). Scanning electron microscopy of whole desirable to stabilize the nomenclature by designat- moths was performed with a Zeiss Novascan 30 (Carl ing a number of lectotypes ( 1999: article Zeiss, Oberkochen, Germany). Drawings were made 74.7.3). from photographs. In female genitalia the setae on the The status of species has been reserved for popula- papillae anales and on the distal rim of segment VIII tions with genitalia showing clear and consistent are not illustrated. In a few cases damaged or mis- character differences from the genitalia of other pop- aligned parts were rearranged to produce a complete ulations. picture. Descriptions of adults are based on ‘typical’ male specimens. Females are only described when they dif- Maps fer from the males. Variation is dealt with separately. Maps were prepared with 7.0 (Morton The measurements given for wingspan are to the 2000). For these maps we have used material exam- nearest millimetre. ined by ourselves supplemented with records provid- The descriptive terminology of genital structures ed by L. Aarvik (Norway), B. Å. Bengtsson (Sweden), follows Klots (1956) and Sattler (1979). All terms G. Elsner (Czech Republic), L. Kaila (Finland), used for genitalia in the present paper are illustrated Z. Kovács (Romania), W. de Prins (Belgium) and and labelled in figs. 14-17. Genitalia were prepared I. Svensson (Sweden). Data for Great Britain and Ire- according to standard methods (Robinson 1976). For land were taken from Bland et al. (2002), with addi- a reliable identification male genitalia should be tional comments from M. F. V. Corley, K. Bond, embedded laterally or unrolled (Pitkin 1984, 1986); R. Heckford and J. Langmaid. Coordinates and spel- valuable material was as a rule always unrolled. ling of locality names were taken from major internet B. domestica (Haworth), B. horribilis sp. n. and gazetteers. No attempt has been made to uniformize B. sabulosella (Rebel), which have aberrant genitalia, the various transliterations of Greek localities on labels.
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Material Zoologische Sammlung des Bayerischen The present study is based on material from a wide Staates, Munich, Germany range of sources, museums, and private collections. Those referred to in the text below are abbreviated Detailed material lists are only provided for according to Evenhuis & Samuelson (2004) and as new and rare species, the many records of the com- follows: moner species, especially in northern Europe are Coll. Agassiz, Gravesend, UK summarized, except for the faunistically interesting Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, records, which are cited in full. Material is listed al- USA phabetically by country. Following the European Coll. Arenberger, Vienna, Austria checklist by Karsholt & Razowski (1996), the Coll. Biesenbaum, Velbert-Langenberg, Ger- larger islands Corsica, Sardinia, Sicily and Crete many are treated as separate ‘countries’. A complete list- Natural History Museum, London, UK ing of the material seen by us (about 14,000 speci- Coll. Corley, Faringdon, UK mens and 1,300 genital preparations) is available Cornell University Insect Collection, Ithaca, as an Excel file from the homepage of the New York, USA (http://www.zmuc.dk/entoweb/bryotropha.htm) and Dorset County Museum, Dorchester, UK the journal (http://www.nev.nl/tve). Hungarian Natural History Museum, Budapest, Hungary Global checklist of Bryotropha Coll. Kuchlein, Wageningen, The Netherlands Löbbeke Museum, Düsseldorf, Germany Bryotropha Heinemann, 1870 Museum of Systematic Zoology, Latvian Uni- Mniophaga Pierce & Daltry, 1938 versity, Riga, Latvia Adelphotropha Gozmány, 1955 Musée national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris, France horribilis-group Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali, Torino, horribilis sp. n...... 96 Italy sabulosella (Rebel, 1905) comb. n...... 97 Zoological Museum, University of Helsinki, Finland domestica-group Zoological Museum, University of Lund, domestica (Haworth, 1828) ...... 99 Sweden domesticella (Doubleday, 1859) Norwich Castle Museum, Norwich, UK punctata (Staudinger, 1876) Department of Biology, Nankai University, salmonis (Walsingham, 1908) Tianjin, China algiricella Chrétien, 1917 National Museum & Galleries on Merseyside, vondermuhlli Nel & Brusseaux, 2003 ...... 100 Liverpool, UK Naturhistorisches Museum, Vienna, Austria terrella-group Coll. Nupponen, Espoo, Finland rossica Anikin & Piskunov, 1996 ...... 102 National Museum of Natural History, tachengensis Li & Zheng, 1997 syn. n. Leiden, The Netherlands species A ...... 103 Coll. Rutten, Gatersleben, Germany azovica Bidzilya, 1996 ...... 104 Coll. Saarela, Tampere, Finland arabica Amsel, 1952 ...... 104 Coll. Sauter, Illnau, Switzerland brevivalvata Li & Zheng, 1997 Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde, Karls- patockai Elsner & Karsholt, 2003 ...... 107 ruhe, Germany purpurella (Zetterstedt, 1839) ...... 107 Coll. Sutter, Bitterfeld, Germany flavipalpella (Nylander, 1848) Instituto di Entomologia Agraria, Universita parapurpurella Bidzilya, 1998 di Padova, Italy elegantula Li & Zheng, 1997 Zoological Institute, Academy of Sciences, tachyptilella (Rebel, 1916) ...... 108 St. Petersburg, Russia italica sp. n...... 109 Zoologisches Museum der Humboldt Uni- politella (Stainton, 1851) ...... 110 versität, Berlin, Germany expolitella (Doubleday, 1859) Zoologisk Museum, University of Copen- aliterrella (Rebel, 1935) ...... 111 hagen, Denmark nupponeni sp. n...... 112 Zoological Museum, University of Kiev, terrella ([Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775]) ...... 113 Ukraine inulella (Hübner, [1805])
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pauperella (Hübner, [1825]) umbrosella (Zeller, 1839) ...... 139 lutescens (Constant, 1865) mundella (Douglas, 1850) latella (Herrich-Schäffer, 1854) portlandicella (Richardson, 1890) suspectella (Heinemann, 1870) fulvipalpella Joannis, 1909 alpicolella Heinemann, 1870 anacampsoidella Hering, 1924 tenebrosella (Teich, 1886) oppositella auct. sardoterrella Schawerda, 1936 similis (Stainton, 1854) ...... 141 quignoni Dufrane, 1938 thuleella (Zeller, 1857) joannisi Dufrane, 1938 similella (Doubleday, 1859) rufa Dufrane, 1938 pullifimbriella (Clemens, 1863) ochrea Dufrane, 1938 confinis (Stainton, 1871) sattleri Nel, 2003 ...... 114 obscurecinerea (Nolcken, 1871) desertella (Douglas, 1850) ...... 116 stolidella (Morris, 1872) decrepidella (Herrich-Schäffer, 1854) fuliginosella Snellen, 1882 glabrella Heinemann, 1870 syn. n. tahavusella (Forbes, 1922) palliptera Li & Wang, 2000 clandestina (Meyrick, 1923) wolschrijni sp. n...... 117 dufraneella (Joannis, 1928) syn. n. heckfordi sp. n...... 118 novisimilis Li & Zheng, 1997 syn. n. svenssoni Park, 1984 similis-group ambisenectella Li & Zheng, 1997 syn. n. figulella (Staudinger, 1859) ...... 119 senectella (Zeller, 1839) ...... 144 capnella (Constant, 1865) ciliatella (Herrich-Schäffer, 1854) cinnamomea Turati, 1934 syn. n. obscurella Heinemann, 1870 plantariella (Tengström, 1848)...... 120 minorella Heinemann, 1870 cinerosella (Tengström, 1848) phoebusella Millière, 1876 serrulatella (Tengström, 1848) larseni Strand, 1927 brevipalpella Rebel, 1893 syn. n. hodgesi Rutten & Karsholt, 2004 galbanella (Zeller, 1839) ...... 121 branella (Busck, 1908) angustella (Heinemann, 1870) altitudophila Rutten & Karsholt, 2004 ilmatariella (Hoffmann, 1893) montana Li & Zheng, 1997 griseella Caradja, 1920 haareki Strand, 1920 syn. n. Species formerly listed in Bryotropha fusconigratella Palm, 1947 Bryotropha angustipennis Rebel, 1931. Synonym of gemella Rutten & Karsholt, 2004 Monochroa nigromaculella (Millière, 1872); see boreella (Douglas, 1851) ...... 123 Sattler (1992). phycitiniphila sp. n...... 124 Bryotropha damonella Millière, 1876: 328. Listed as sutteri sp. n...... 125 a questionable synonym of B. politella (Stainton) gallurella Amsel, 1952 ...... 125 by Rebel (1901). Currently considered a synonym species B ...... 127 of Eulamprotes helotella (Staudinger, 1859); see hendrikseni sp. n...... 128 Walsingham (1903). pallorella Amsel, 1952 ...... 129 Bryotropha glebicolorella Erschoff, 1874. Valid species mulinoides Amsel, 1952 syn. n. in Vladimirea; see Piskunov (1988). zannonicola Hartig, 1953 syn. n. Gelechia indignella Staudinger, 1879. Synonym of hulli sp. n...... 131 Scrobipalpa obsoletella (Fischer von Röslerstamm); plebejella (Zeller, 1847) ...... 133 see Sattler (1986). imperitella (Staudinger, 1859) Bryotropha peterseni Teich, 1901. Synonym of Mono- ancillula (Walsingham, 1908) chroa suffusella (Douglas); see Sattler (1992). inexpectella (Nel, 1999) syn. n. Bryotropha stramentella Rebel, 1935. Valid species in dryadella (Zeller, 1850) ...... 134 Caryocolum; see Huemer (1988). saralella Amsel, 1952 syn. n. basaltinella (Zeller, 1839) ...... 136 The following taxa, all from North Africa, belong affinis (Haworth, 1828) ...... 138 to the genus Stomopteryx Heinemann: tegulella (Herrich-Schäffer, 1854) Bryotropha nigricella Chrétien, 1915; see Amsel tectella (Herrich-Schäffer, 1854) (1955). affinella (Doubleday, 1859) Bryotropha subnigricella Dufrane, 1955 (comb. n.). affinitella (Bruand d’Uzelle, 1859) Bryotropha neftensis Dufrane, 1955 (comb. n.).
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discal stigmata subapical area plical stigmata
3 4
Fig. 3-4. Labial palpus of Bryotropha – 3, B. terrella; Fig. 5. General wing pattern in Bryotropha. 4, B. galbanella.
Bryotropha neftensis f. anomalella Dufrane, 1955 which the females have a signum with strong spikes (comb. n.); unavailable, infrasubspecific. on the corners were placed in ‘genus 20’. In a little Bryotropha nigricella f. griseella Dufrane, 1955 (comb. known paper this group was subsequently described n.); unavailable, infrasubspecific. as Mniophaga Pierce & Daltry (1938). Busck (1939) considered the division of Bryotropha unjustified, but These taxa may all be conspecific, but that question as the Pierce & Daltry publication was unknown to should formally be considered in connection with him, Busck did not formally synonymize Mniophaga. revisional work on the genus Stomopteryx. In the next major work dealing with Bryotropha, Caradja (1920) listed ‘Bryotropha plurilineella Gozmány (1958) largely followed the opinion Chrét.’ from Tunisia. B. plurilineella is a Chrétien of Pierce & Metcalfe and treated the two groups manuscript name that was used, but not thereby as subgenera. Also unaware of the description of made nomenclaturally available, by Caradja. We have Mniophaga he introduced the name Adelphotropha. not been able to trace any description of B. plurili- Sattler (1971) remarked that a division based on the neella and consider it a nomen nudum. signum does not reflect the relationship of the species included and therefore rejected all previous divisions History of Bryotropha. Bryotropha is one of the few groups of Gelechiidae Although we agree that a subdivision as proposed that can be defined readily on external characters. by Pierce & Metcalfe and later by Gozmány cannot Heinemann (1870) referred to the typical shape of be maintained, Bryotropha evidently is not a homoge- the hindwing and of the labial palpus when he split nous genus. Our research revealed the existence of off Bryotropha from the large ‘waste-paper box’ genus four distinct species-groups clearly defined by their Gelechia Hübner. The characteristic pecten scale at genitalia: the horribilis-, domestica-, terrella- and the base of the antenna (fig. 1), by which members of similis-group. Pierce & Metcalfe´s (1935) study laid a Bryotropha are most easily recognized, was first de- good basis for the identification of the British species scribed by Forbes (1922). Whereas the new genus was of Bryotropha, but especially the group of small, dark readily accepted by entomologists from continental species, being similar in wing markings and genitalia, Europe, British entomologists were more reluctant. continued to cause identification problems. Studies In his treatment of the Gelechiidae, Meyrick (1925) by Svensson (1962) and Rutten (1999) helped to placed Bryotropha back into Gelechia. Shortly after- clarify the taxonomic problems in the Bryotropha fau- wards, however, Pierce & Metcalfe (1935) showed na of north Europe. The species occurring in the that the genus is distinctly defined by the genitalia. Mediterranean area, however, remained more or less Based on the British species they also proposed a divi- unstudied until now. The European checklist sion of Bryotropha into two genera. Bryotropha s. str. (Karsholt & Riedl 1996) listed 26 species of was reserved for species in which the females have a Bryotropha, four of which are considered synonyms in signum with two transverse folds while species in the present study.
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6 7
R3 R2 R1 Sc R5 R4 M1 M2 M3 CuA1 CuA2 1A+2A 9 8 RS Sc
M1 M2 M3 CuA1 CuA2 1A+2A
10 11
12 13
Figs. 6-13. Wing venation in Bryotropha spp. – 6, B. horribilis male; 7, B. domestica male; 8, B. azovica male; 9, B. terrella male; 10, B. boreella male; 11, B. boreella female; 12, B. galbanella male; 13, B. similis female.
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Systematic position of Bryotropha In the female genitalia the form and structure of The Gelechiidae are currently divided into four the signum is nearly as polymorphic as the gnathos in subfamilies, mainly defined by the abdominal sup- the male (see figs. 116-123), and there is at least some port system on sternum II (Hodges 1999). According correlation between a strongly developed gnathos and to this classification Bryotropha belongs to the a strongly developed signum. However, the signum Gelechiinae. In the absence of a suprageneric cladistic in Bryotropha is basically a plate with thorns and rims, analysis, Karsholt & Riedl (1996) listed the European but never a rhomboid or hexagonal, serrate plate with genera of Gelechiinae in seven tribes, based partly on transverse ridges as found in many Teleiodini and the system of Meyrick (1925), and partly on current Gelechiini. The signum of several Bryotropha species, research on smaller groups within this subfamily (see especially within the similis-group, is reminiscent e. g., Sattler 1979, Huemer & Karsholt 1999). of the signa found in the Anomologini genus Bryotropha is traditionally placed in the Gelechiini Monochroa Heinemann, 1870. close to Gelechia Hübner, 1825 and at one time was From our present knowledge we can conclude that even synonymized with that genus by Meyrick Bryotropha occupies a rather isolated position within (1925). In all genera of the Gelechiini, Teleiodini and the Gelechiinae, with most affinities to the tribes Gnorimoschemini, the male abdominal segment VIII Anomologini and Gelechiini. We do not know its is separated into free dorsal and ventral flaps (Huemer closest relatives, and one could argue that it may rep- & Sattler 1995), with the exception of Bryotropha. resent a separate clade outside the Anomologini. All Bryotropha are characterized by a pecten at the However, as the gelechiid fauna of large parts of the base of the antennal scape. A pecten is found in most world is still insufficiently known, future research families of the Gelechioidea, and may be a ground- may reveal affinities to other, probably still undiscov- plan character of this superfamily, but it is distinctly ered, genera. Unfortunately the recent phylogenetic rare within the Gelechiidae and absent from the analysis of the Gelechioidea (Kaila 2004) do not Gelechiini, Teleiodini and Gnorimoschemini. include Bryotropha or any other taxon of the A pecten usually consists of a row of long erect scales Anomologini. Pending a suprageneric revision of the (present in members of Anomologini, Apatetrini and Gelechiinae we prefer to leave Bryotropha for the mo- Pexicopiinae) (Sattler 1979; personal observations), ment where it is placed in many current check lists: as or of a single deciduous scale (found in several taxa of the last genus in the Anomologini. Anomologini). The Bryotropha pecten is unique in A phylogenetic analysis of the genus Bryotropha is being a single, long and strong, narrow scale. This beyond the scope of this study, and should at least may considered a ‘weak’ synapomorphy, but it is an await the planned revisions of the taxa occurring in easy observed character found in no other genera of Asia. the Gelechiidae. In worn specimens (obtained e. g., by sweeping or in automatic light traps) one or rarely Variation within species both pectens may be lost. Heinemann, at the end of his description of the The whip-shaped aedeagus of the male genitalia in new genus, lamented: (freely translated from Ger- Bryotropha is not known from other Gelechiidae. man): ‘As easily as the genus is recognized, as difficult Since this element is absent from the four species it is to identify the species since, with similar shapes, belonging to the horribilis-group and the domestia- they vary considerably in colour and clearness of their group (i.e. B. horribilis, B. sabulosella, B. domestica markings, making (the species) seem to merge into and B. vondermuhlli) we favour the hypothesis that it each other’ (Heinemann 1870: 234). These difficul- is a synapomorphy for the remaining Bryotropha ties made Bryotropha unpopular and Svensson did not species (being well aware that it could also have been exaggerate when nearly a century after Heinemann secondarily lost). he wrote (translated from Swedish): ‘Among micro- A striking feature of the species belonging to the moths or Microlepidoptera, which by many ento- terrella-group is the exceptionally large and complex mologists are considered as all too difficult or even gnathos, which may be a derived character taking uninteresting to study, there are some genera which over functions from other parts of the genitalia. The even the specialists prefer to avoid. Such a genus is gnathos is an element of the basic gelechiid structure Bryotropha Hein.’ (Svensson 1962: 61). (Sattler 1979). It is secondarily lost in several genera Variability within Bryotropha species may be with- of Gelechiidae, occasionally even in apparently close- in a single population, geographical or ecological. In ly related species (Huemer & Karsholt 1999). Be- widely distributed species the overall rule is that spec- cause of this overall tendency towards a reduction of imens become darker towards the north and more the gnathos within the Gelechiidae, the similis-group variegated towards the south. A peculiar variation is with its rather small and simple gnathos may be re- the presence of a median streak on the forewing. garded as more derived than the terrella-group. Weak indications of such a streak are occasionally
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14 17 uncus apophyses socius posteriores
median tongue thornshield lamella gnathos postvaginalis ventral groove sacculus tegumen knee antrum
apophyses anteriores vinculum
ductus seminalis saccus ductus bursae
15
signum
bursa aedeagus
uncus
16
socius
vinculum annulus lobe pedunculus saccus
Figs. 14-17. 14-16. Morphology of the male genitalia of Bryotropha affinis. – 14, lateral view; 15, aedeagus; 16, unrolled. 17. Morphology of the female genitalia of Bryotropha affinis.
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seen in B. desertella, B. sattleri and B. wolschrijni. ford & Sterling 2002, 2003). We refer to their Distinct median streaks are known from B. terrella, detailed descriptions and information, which we do B. figulella, B. pallorella and B. heckfordi. A geograph- not repeat in full here. ical factor seems involved since in B. terrella speci- All Bryotropha seem to feed on mosses (Bryophyta). mens with a median streak are only found on They are more or less polyphagous on these and the Sardinia. In B. figulella these forms are restricted to menu of some also includes grasses. A couple of the Iberian Peninsula, whereas in B. pallorella moths unconfirmed records also give Caryophyllaceae (see with a median streak are common in Spain, Sicily and under B. italica and B. figulella) and Salicaceae (see Sardinia, but apparently absent from France and under B. dryadella) as food plants. The larva lives in a mainland Italy. B. heckfordi, the only Bryotropha that silken tube spun to the host plant. These tubes are always expresses a median streak, is endemic to the usually flimsy. Plant material and sand are often Iberian Peninsula. Clear examples of ecological varia- incorporated but not frass. When larvae live in flat, tion are B. umbrosella and B. affinis, which in coastal stone-growing mosses, the tubes can be visible as pale areas can produce extremely light forms (figs. 112, lines within the moss. In most cases, however, the 115). We have refrained from using the catagory of tubes are well hidden and only visible after carefully subspecific status since this is a matter of subjective parting the host plants. The larvae of most species are judgement (even though it may have been justified in best searched for in the morning when the very fine a few cases, e. g., sardoterrella from Sardinia and strands of silk emanating from the larval tube, are B. senectella from Cyprus). Instead geographical vari- covered with dewdrops and show up like minute spi- ation is discussed in the section dealing with variation ders’ webs. Without dewdrops these strands are virtu- or under remarks. ally invisible. The effect of early morning dew can be It is our own experience that with adequate famil- mimicked by using a pressurized water sprayer to iarity many species can be recognized by pattern in deliver a fine mist to the moss (Heckford & Sterling conjunction with size. In a limited geographical area 2002). Bryotropha apparently overwinter in the larval most specimens can be determined without resorting stage. Pupation takes place in early spring (for univol- to examination of genital characters. Best results are tine species). Most species make a loosely spun co- obtained with well-prepared fresh specimens studied coon covered with plant material and debris though in diffuse natural light. in the case of B. desertella Stainton (1866a) mentions Most Bryotropha are relatively easy to identify by a firm sand cocoon. examination of the genitalia. Nevertheless, a number In north and north-west Europe most species are of taxa have very similar genitalia and there is a univoltine. In south Europe there are probably two or certain amount of intraspecific variation. This some- more broods a year. Adults usually become active times causes problems especially in the males where near dusk flying low over herbage and are often at- the gnathos is the single most important character tracted to light. Several species are easily disturbed and occasionally the only feature by which closely during the day (e. g., B. galbanella) and males of related species can be separated. When necessary, B. boreella fly actively on sunny mornings. variation of the genitalia is discussed under the indi- vidual species. Geographical distribution Bryotropha is Holartic in distribution, but by far Biology the largest number of species is found in Europe and Until a few years ago the early stages and the life Asia Minor with a clear centre in the Mediterranean. history of most species of Bryotropha were unknown, Outside this area the number and relative abundance and most of what is known to date about this subject of species rapidly decline. All the species known from stems from recent studies by Heckford and Sterling North Africa also occur in south Europe. Only one (Heckford 1999, Sterling & Heckford 2001, Heck- species, B. domestica, extends into the Afrotropical
Figs. 18-36 (on page 86). Bryotropha spp. – 18, B. horribilis, & paratype, Damaskus, Syria; 19, B. horribilis, ( paratype, Damaskus, Syria; 20, B. sabulosella; (, Denizli, Turkey; 21, B. sabulosella, &, Parnassos, Greece; 22, B. vondermuhlli, (, Douelle, France; 23, B. vondermuhlli, (, Alentejo, Portugal; 24, B. domestica, &, Norwich, Great Britain; 25, B. domestica, (, Reotier, France; 26, B. domestica, (, Nuoro, Sardinia; 27, B. domestica, (, Ohrid, Macedonia; 28, B. rossica, (, Volgograd, Russia; 29, B. rossica, (, Volgograd, Russia; 30, B. azovica, &, Izmit, Turkey; 31, B. azovica, &, Yalova, Turkey; 32, B. azovica, &, Mut, Turkey; 33, B. arabica, &, Cordoba, Spain; 34, B. arabica, (, Delphi, Greece; 35, B. arabica, (, Aglasun, Turkey; 36, B. patockai, ( paratype, Slovensk´y raj., Slovakia. All on the same scale, ca 3x.
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21 22 23
24 25 26
27 28 29
30 31 32
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region, viz. in the mountains of Yemen. Less than ten occasionally orange, ochreous or even pale white, in species are known from Asia (Park 1984, Li & Zheng some species with weak to very prominent black me- 1997, Li & Wang 2000). On a working visit to dian streak. At extreme base wing often with a pale, China the first author noticed that Bryotropha speci- basal spot followed by more or less distinct black mens were distinctly rare in the large collection of patches on costa and tornus that are often fused into Gelechiidae in the Nanking University, underlining single blotch. Further wing markings consist of two that the Bryotropha fauna in Asia is much poorer than plical and two discal stigmata (fig. 5), frequently fol- in Europe. lowed by patches or streaks of pale scales; costal and The Nearctic also holds only a few Bryotropha. Our tornal patch often fused to form a fascia, subapical own investigations revealed no more than seven area and termen often irrorate with very dark scales. species (Rutten & Karsholt 2004). The individual Cilia usually concolorous with one or several dark cil- taxa, however, are often widespread and common. iary lines (most distinct in dark specimens, faint in Interestingly, all Nearctic Bryotropha belong to the pale specimens) and yellow tips. Hindwing as broad similis-group. as forewing, trapezoidal with pointed apex, pale grey or pale brownish grey, often distinctly darker toward apex. Cilia concolorous, with more or less distinct cil- R W P B iary line(s). Females similar to males in most species but slight sexual differences in wingshape are Genus Bryotropha Heinemann observed in B. politella, B. aliterrella, B. boreella, Bryotropha Heinemann, 1870: 233. B. phycitiniphila, and B. plantariella. Wing venation Type-species: Tinea terrella ([Denis & Schiffermüller], with 12 veins in forewing and 8 veins in hindwing 1775), by subsequent designation (Meyrick 1925) (see Sattler 1973). (figs. 6-13). Forewing with SC and R1-R5 to costa; Mniophaga Pierce & Daltry, 1938: 226. R5 stalked with R4; M1-CuA2 to termen; CuP ab- Type-species: Gelechia similis Stainton, 1854, by original sent; 1A+2A with basal fork, to dorsum. Hindwing designation. with Sc and Rs to costa; M1-CuA2 to termen; M1 Adelphotropha Gozmány, 1955: 310. stalked with Rs; M3 connate or very shortly stalked Type-species: Gelechia senectella Zeller, 1839, by original with CuA1; 1A+2A very weak. designation. Male genitalia (figs. 14-16). Uncus large, sub- rectangular to broadly rounded, occasionally differ- Description ent. Base of uncus with strong setae and/or long hairs, Adult. Small to medium-sized gelechiid moths often in combination with socii. Gnathos well devel- with wingspan of 9-17 mm. Antenna fuscous, weakly oped (small in B. domestica), hook-shaped with sharp to strongly ringed ochreous. Antennal scape with sin- apex; base with or without microtrichia. Gnathos gle pecten scale on leading edge (figs. 1, 2). Labial either slender and dorsally smooth (similis-group), or palpus with conspicuous furrowed brush on under- large and heavy with dorsal groove or dorsal extension side of segment 2, and with segment 3 as long as or (terrella-group). Tegumen broad, anterior emargina- longer than segment 2 (fig. 3). However, in B. gal- tion very deep (shallow in B. domestica). In similis- banella, B. boreella and B. phycitiniphila segment group, part of tegumen near gnathos often set with 2 without furrowed brush and segment 3 shorter than small spikes (‘thornshield’). Annulus lobe small segment 2 (fig. 4). Labial palpus usually creamy white (rather large in horribilis- and domestica-group). to ochreous on inside, weakly to heavily suffused fus- Valva simple, slightly curved at base, distally straight, cous on outside, segment 3 often darker than segment oval or club-shaped. Base of valva often carries falcate 2. Head with frons distinctly lighter than vertex. or sickle-shaped sacculus. Vinculum with or without Vertex, thorax and tegula usually concolorous with microtrichia. Saccus narrow and long, occasionally forewing. Forewing brown to dark greyish brown, broad and short. Aedeagus long and slender with
Figs. 37-53 (on page 87). Bryotropha spp. – 37, B. purpurella, &, Outila, Sweden; 38. B. tachyptilella, (, Kizilcahamam, Turkey; 39, B. tachyptilella, &, Crimea, Ukraine; 40, B. italica, & paratype, Ovindoli, Italy; 41, B. politella, (, Inverness, Great Britain; 42, B. politella, &, Dydew, Great Britain; 43, B. nupponeni, ( holotype, Cheljabinsk district, Russia; 44, B. aliterrella, (, Avila, Spain; 45, B. aliterrella, &, Avila, Spain; 46, B. terrella, (, Huygevoort, Netherlands; 47, B. terrella, &, Aries, France; 48, B. terrella, (, Ameland, Netherlands; 49, B. terrella, &, Resle Skov, Denmark; 50, B. terrella, (, Nuoro, Sardinia; 51, B. sattleri, (, Alentejo, Portugal; 52, B. sattleri, &, Rethymnion, Crete; 53, B. sattleri, (, Granada, Spain. All on the same scale, ca 3x.
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bulbous base, tubular part curved, sometimes Keys to the species of Bryotropha straight, apex whip-like or curled, occasionally acute (horribilis- and domestica-group). Bryotropha contains several groups and pairs of Female genitalia (fig. 17). Apophyses anteriores closely related species with very similar genitalia, keys and posteriores slender and moderately long. should therefore always be used in conjunction with Segment VIII well sclerotized, distal margin dorsally the illustrations and the text. straight to concave, often with a weak to very promi- nent median tongue, ventrally with a weak to very Keys to the male genitalia strong excavation. Ventral groove usually distinct, its The characters referred to can be studied in both distal end often marked by a heavily sclerotized laterally embedded and unrolled genitalia. extension. In the similis-group segment VIII carries a Note: the male of B. species B is unknown. lamella postvaginalis and numerous microtrichia; in the horribilis-, domestica- and terrella-group seg- 1. Aedeagus with acute apex (figs.139, 142, 145, ment VIII is without a lamella postvaginalis and 148) ...... 2 without microtrichia. Antrum usually small, some- – Aedeagus with apex otherwise ...... 5 times large, well sclerotized, occasionally membra- 2. Uncus heavily sclerotized; vinculum very large, nous. Ductus bursae long and slender. Ductus pointed sub-triangular; annulus lobe extremely seminalis arising about halfway between antrum and large and with long tube-like setae (figs. 138-143, bursa. Bursa oval to round, occasionally with median 218, 219) ...... 3 constriction. Signum well developed, plate-like with – Uncus, vinculum and anellus lobe otherwise ...... two median folds or with stout spines on the corners ...... 4 (figs. 116-123). 3. Gnathos with blunt apex, aedeagus straight (figs. 139, 218) ...... B. horribilis Remarks – Gnathos with sharp apex, aedeagus curved (figs. The two species of the horribilis-group, B. horribilis 142, 219) ...... B. sabulosella and B. sabulosella, present an interesting taxonomic 4. Sacculus present, aedeagus curved (figs. 147, 148, problem since their relationship to the other 222) ...... B. vondermuhlli Bryotropha is far from clear. The external features – Sacculus absent, aedeagus straight (figs. 144-146, attribute B. sabulosella and B. horribilis indisputably 220) ...... B. domestica to Bryotropha, but their genitalia seem to defy this re- 5. Aedeagus with apex strongly curled, vinculum lationship. A closer study, however, reveals that the pointed triangular ...... 6 female genitalia especially possess several characters – Aedeagus and vinculum different ...... 8 that are typical for Bryotropha, like the well sclerotized 6. Base of uncus with socii (figs. 151, 226) ...... segment VIII. This also has a weak ventral groove ...... B. azovica similar to that in B. rossica and also the dorsal side – Base of uncus without socii ...... 7 (figs. 361, 362) is immediately reminiscent of 7. Gnathos moderately broad with small shallow B. rossica and B. azovica (figs. 365, 366). Another groove; valva with s-curve in middle; vinculum strong link to Bryotropha is the plate-like signum with reaching to at least / of valva (figs. 124-126, its two transverse folds (figs. 116-117) which, apart 224) ...... B. rossica from the spikes, is almost identical to the signum of – Gnathos very broad with large shallow groove; B. plantariella (figs. 118-119). The male genitalia valva nearly straight; vinculum reaching to mid- show less similarities, although the aedeagus of dle of valva (fig. 225) ...... B. species A B. horribilis (fig. 139) resembles that of B. domestica 8. Sacculus absent ...... 9 (fig. 145), while the shape of the pedunculus is simi- – Sacculus present ...... 12 lar to (again) B. rossica and B. azovica. 9. Bulbous base of aedeagus with dorsal thorn (figs. 164, 166, 168) ...... 10
Figs. 54-70 (on page 90). Bryotropha spp. – 54, B. sattleri, &, Lazio, Italy; 55, B. desertella, &, Gümüshane, Turkey; 56, B. desertella, Kramnitze, (, Denmark; 57, B. desertella, &, Hassa, Turkey; 58, B. desertella, &, Ulfshale, Denmark; 59, B. desertella, &, Ohrid, Macedonia; 60, B. desertella,(, Zwanenwater, Netherlands; 61, B. wolschrijni, (, paratype, Granada, Spain; 62, B. heckfordi, &, paratype, Avila, Spain; 63, B. figulella, (, Huelva, Spain; 64, B. figulella, &, Sevilla, Spain; 65, B. figulella, (, Sevilla, Spain; 66, B. figulella, &, Huelva, Spain; 67, B. figulella, &, Fano, Italy; 68, B. galbanella, (, Libenau, Austria; 69, B. galbanella, (, Laxforsen, Sweden; 70, B. galbanella, (, Bussloo, Netherlands. All on the same scale, ca 3x.
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– Bulbous base of aedeagus without dorsal thorn – Base of gnathos without microtrichia ...... 26 (fig. 179) ...... B. sattleri 22. Vinculum with prominent knee; gnathos with 10. Base of valva with small sclerotized thorn (figs very long thin base (fig.309) ...... B. figulella 167, 234) ...... B. nupponeni – Vinculum without knee; gnathos different ..... 23 – Base of valva without small sclerotized thorn ...... 23. Gnathos long and thin with large gradual bend ...... 11 (figs. 310-312) ...... B. plantariella 11. Base of gnathos with gradual curve (fig. 165) ...... – Gnathos with sharp bend (figs. 313-319) ...... 24 ...... B. aliterrella 24. Apex of aedeagus with long (>200 µm) whip – Base of gnathos with obtuse protrusion (fig. 163) (figs. 131, 189) ...... B. boreella ...... B. politella – Apex of aedeagus with very short (<100 µm) 12. Gnathos with dorsal groove or dorsal extension .. whip (figs. 130, 132, 185, 187, 191) ...... 25 ...... 13 25. Gnathos of rather uniform thickness (figs. 313- – Gnathos dorsally smooth ...... 21 316); valva with length at least 5 times the width 13. Aedeagus with characteristic thickening at base of (figs. 190, 248); whip at apex of aedeagus ex- tube (figs. 173, 175) ...... 14 tremely short, not exceeding 50 µm (figs. 132, – Aedeagus without thickening at base of tube ...... 191) ...... B. phycitiniphila ...... 15 – Gnathos clearly thickened at bend (figs. 317- 14. Base of gnathos with microtrichia; base of uncus 319); valva with length 4-5 times the width (figs. with small socii carrying a single large seta (figs. 184, 186, 245); whip at apex of aedeagus usually 172, 236) ...... B. wolschrijni 100 µm, seldomly shorter (figs. 130, 185, 187) .. – Base of gnathos without microtrichia; base of un- ...... B. galbanella cus with several small setae but without socii 26. Thornshield sub-rectangular (figs. 203, 205, 207, (figs. 174, 238) ...... B. heckfordi 255, 256) ...... 27 15. Gnathos clearly sub-triangular in shape (figs. – Thornshield sub-triangular ...... 28 169, 171, 235) ...... B. desertella 27. Gnathos stout with abrupt 90 degree bend – Gnathos different ...... 16 halfway (figs. 333-336); thornshield with many 16. Base of uncus with small but distinct socii ..... 17 microthorns (figs. 205, 207, 256) ...... – Base of uncus without socii ...... 18 ...... B. dryadella 17. Gnathos sub-rectangular with long s-shaped apex – Gnathos slender and long with sharp bend at (figs. 176, 240) ...... B. terrella ⅓ (figs. 329-332); thornshield with about one – Gnathos broadly rounded with short blunt apex dozen microthorns (figs. 203, 255) ...... (figs. 153, 227) ...... B. arabica ...... B. plebejella 18. Gnathos with microtrichia at base ...... 19 28. Gnathos stout ...... 29 – Gnathos without microtrichia at base (figs. 155, – Gnathos long and slender ...... 30 228) ...... B. patockai 29. Gnathos angular with bulbous base (figs. 341- 19. Gnathos very large, rounded, with large dorsal 344); vinculum with prominent knee (figs. 210, extension and very long apical extension (figs. 258) ...... B. senectella 159, 161) ...... 20 – Gnathos not angular, base not bulbous (figs. 337- – Gnathos different ...... B. purpurella 340); vinculum with weak knee (figs. 208, 257) 20. Apex of gnathos with slight inward curve ...... B. basaltinella (fig. 159) ...... B. tachyptilella 30. Gnathos of rather uniform thickness or only – Apex of gnathos with slight s-curve (fig. 161) ..... weakly thickened in the apical half ...... 31 ...... B. italica – Gnathos clearly thickened at bending site or 21. Base of gnathos with microtrichia ...... 22 slightly beyond (figs. 320, 345-352) ...... 34
Figs. 71-91 (on page 91). Bryotropha spp. – 71, B. plantariella, (, Säivisnäs, Sweden; 72, B. plantariella, &, Karl Gustav, Swe- den; 73, B. plantariella, (, Dollerup, Denmark; 74, B. boreella, (, Risbæk, Denmark; 75, B. boreella, &, Risbæk, Denmark; 76, B. sutteri, ( paratype, Greece, Lesbos; 77, B. phycitiniphila, ( paratype, Zailiskiy Alatau, Kazakhstan; 78, B. phycitiniphila, & paratype, Zailiskiy Alatau, Kazakhstan; 79, B. sutteri, ( paratype, Lesbos; 80, B. hendrikseni, & paratype, Platres, Cyprus; 81, B. hendrikseni, ( paratype, Ovindoli, Italy; 82, B. hendrikseni, & paratype, Slivno, Bulgaria; 83, B. gallurella, &, Mercuore, Sicilia; 84, B. gallurella, (, Garcel, France; 85, B. gallurella, (, Valladolid, Spain; 86, B. species B, &, Pelepónnisos, Greece; 87, B. hulli, & paratype, Dhoros, Cyprus, 88, B. hulli, ( paratype, Greece, Rhodos; 89, B. hulli, & paratype, Izmit, Turkey; 90, B. hulli, & paratype, Dhoros, Cyprus; 91, B. hulli, & paratype, Arkutino, Bulgaria. All on the same scale, ca 3x.
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31. Aedeagus with distinct kink just underneath the concave, without median tongue ...... 8 apex (fig. 195) ...... B. hendrikseni – Dorsal rim of segment , whether straight, – Aedeagus otherwise ...... 32 concave or with sub-rectangular invagination: al- 32. Gnathos with gradual bend (figs. 357-360) ...... ways with weakly to strongly expressed median ...... B. umbrosella tongue ...... 13 – Gnathos with sharp bend before halfway...... 33 8. Dorsal rim of segment heavily sclerotized 33. Gnathos with sharp bend at about one-third (fig. 379); ventral invagination weak (figs. 127- (figs. 325-328); vinculum without knee (fig. 196, 129); antrum large triangular and heavily sclero- 251) ...... B. gallurella tized (fig. 282) ...... B. terrella – Gnathos with sharp bend slightly before halfway – Segment different ...... 9 (figs. 353-356); vinculum with weak knee (figs. 9. Dorsal rim of segment weakly concave, clear- 212, 259)...... B. affinis ly sclerotized (fig. 364); ventral invagination 34. Vinculum with patch of microtrichia (figs. 192, wider than deep (fig. 266); small species 249) ...... B. sutteri (10-12mm) ...... B. vondermuhlli – Vinculum without microtrichia ...... 35 – Dorsal rim of segment strongly concave, not 35. Socii with 3 or more setae; thornshield with markedly sclerotized; ventral invagination deeper many microthorns ...... 36 than wide; large species (usually 13-16 mm, – Socii with 2 setae; thornshield with about one rarely smaller) ...... 10 dozen microthorns (figs. 201, 254) ...... B. hulli 10. Signum large, longer than apophyses anteriores 36. Vinculum without knee (figs. 198, 200, 252) ..... (fig. 279) ...... B. desertella ...... B. pallorella – Signum small, shorter than apophyses anteriores – Vinculum with weak knee (figs. 216, 261) ...... 11 ...... B. similis 11. Ventral invagination until ¾; apophyses posteri- ores two times apophyses anteriores, both very Key to the female genitalia long (fig. 277) ...... B. aliterrella Note: the female of B.species A is unknown – Ventral invagination until about ½; apophyses posteriores three times apophyses posteriores, 1. Signum smooth, without spikes or microthorns both of normal length ...... 12 (figs. 262-265) ...... 2 12. Ventral invagination with tapering margins, – Signum with spikes and/or microthorns ...... 4 clearly not reaching beyond ½ (fig. 276) ...... 2. Signum small, not longer than apophyses anteri- ...... B. politella ores, with anterior and posterior section folded – Ventral invagination with parallel margins, behind the middle section (figs. 116-117) ...... 3 reaching slightly beyond ½ (fig. 278) ...... – Signum large, much longer than apophyses ante- ...... B. nupponeni riores, with anterior and posterior section not 13. Median plate of signum only marginally con- folded behind the middle section (fig. 265) ...... stricted ...... 14 ...... B. domestica – Median plate of signum strongly constricted to 3. Segment with heavily sclerotized sub- half or less of the maximum width of signum ..... triangular extension on the dorsal rim (fig. 361), ...... 18 and two large vertical lamellae on the ventral side 14. Dorsal rim of segment with sub-rectangular (figs. 263-264) ...... B. sabulosella invagination (figs. 366, 368); signum elongate, – Segment with heavily sclerotized sub- length two or more times the width (figs. 270, rectangular extension on the dorsal rim (fig. 362), 272) ...... 15 without lamellae on the ventral side (fig. 262) .... – Dorsal rim of segment weakly concave ...... B. horribilis (figs.370, 376-377); signum broad, length less 4. Segment without lamella postvaginalis and than twice the width (figs. 274, 280-281) ...... without microtrichia ...... 5 ...... 16 – Segment with lamella postvaginalis and with 15. Signum with length three times the width; microtrichia ...... 20 antrum small, set in a triangular extension (fig. 5. Signum without two transverse folds ...... 6 272) ...... B. patockai – Signum with two transverse folds ...... 7 – Signum with length two times the width, antrum 6. Signum oval and small, shorter than apophyses large, membraneous (fig. 270) ...... B. azovica anteriores (figs. 121, 275) ...... B. italica 16. Median tongue weakly expressed, broad, not scle- – Signum clearly elongate, longer than apophyses rotized (fig. 370) ...... B. tachyptilella anteriores (fig. 273) ...... B. purpurella – Median tongue well expressed, narrow, well scle- 7. Dorsal rim of segment weakly to strongly rotized (figs. 376-377) ...... 17
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113 114 115
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17. Ventral invagination half as deep as wide; moderately covered with microthorns ...... 24 apophyses posteriores about 2.5 times apophyses 24. Distal end of ventral groove remaining below anteriores (fig. 280); dark brown species (fig. 61) ventral rim of segment ; signum with few and ...... B. wolschrijni tiny microthorns (fig. 287) ...... B. boreella – Ventral invagination as deep as wide; apophyses – Distal end of ventral groove slightly above distal posteriores about 4 times apophyses anteriores rim of segment ; signum with moderate num- (fig. 281); white species with black median streak ber of microthorns (fig. 288) .... B. phycitiniphila (fig. 60) ...... B. heckfordi 25. Lamella postvaginalis with two tiny or well de- 18. Dorsal rim of segment straight with promi- fined lobes (figs. 290, 296-299, 303-304) ...... 26 nent sclerotized median tongue (fig. 367); – Lamella postvaginalis without lobes ...... 29 antrum in the middle of a large oval sclerotized 26. Distal end of ventral groove marked by sclero- shield; distal end of ventral groove marked by tized protrusion (figs. 290, 296-299) ...... 27 heavily sclerotized protrusion (fig. 271) ...... – Distal end of ventral groove not marked by ...... B. arabica sclerotized protrusion (figs. 303-304) ...... – Dorsal rim of segment , antrum and distal end ...... B. senectella of ventral groove different ...... 19 27. Signum trapezoidal with outward pointing spines 19. Dorsal rim of segment with small median (figs. 296-297) ...... B. pallorella tongue set in a sub-rectangular invagination – Signum different ...... 28 (fig. 365); antrum large, broad triangular 28. From distal rim to anterior end of apophyses an- (figs. 267-269) ...... B. rossica teriores, segment measures about 750 µm in – Dorsal rim of segment with small median length; ventral groove with many microtrichia tongue set in weak concave invagination (fig. (fig. 290); medium sized species (12-14 mm) ..... 368); antrum different (fig. 283) ...... B. sattleri ...... B. hendrikseni 20. Signum with two transverse folds ...... 21 – From distal rim to anterior end of apophyses – Signum with strong spikes on the corners ...... 25 anteriores, segment measures about 550 µm 21. Signum roughly square, middle section without in length; ventral groove with small number of microthorns, anterior and posterior sections with microtrichia (figs. 298-299); small species (10-12 large thorns and folded behind the middle sec- mm) ...... B. hulli tion (figs. 118-119, 284) ...... B. plantariella 29. Ventral groove with stout wedge-shaped mi- Signum different ...... 22 crotrichia (figs. 134, 306) ...... B. umbrosella 22. Dorsal rim of segment concave and heavily – Ventral groove with needle-shaped microtrichia . sclerotized (fig. 380); distal end of ventral groove ...... 30 marked by long and narrow, heavily sclerotized 30. Distal end of ventral groove marked by sclero- protrusion (fig. 285) ...... B. figulella tized protrusion or sclerotized plug ...... 32 – Dorsal rim of segment not markedly sclero- – Distal end of ventral groove marked otherwise ... tized (figs. 382-384); distal end of ventral groove ...... 36 marked by rounded weakly sclerotized protrusion 31. Distal end of ventral groove marked by broad, ...... 23 sclerotized plug; signum rather large, oval, distal- 23. Segment with large needle-shaped mi- ly pointed (fig. 295) ...... B. plebejella crotrichia; ventral groove with wavy margins; – distal end of ventral groove marked by sclerotized signum heavily covered with microthorns (fig. protrusion; signum different ...... 32 286) ...... B. galbanella 32. Signum large and elongate, longer than the – Segment with tiny microtrichia; ventral apophyses anteriores, spikes on distal and groove without wavy margins; signum weakly to proximal end more or less equally strong (figs.
Figs. 92-115. Bryotropha spp. – 92, B. pallorella, (, Corsica, France; 93, B. pallorella. &, Granada, Spain; 94, B. pallorella, (, Granada, Spain; 95, B. plebejella, &, Lania, Cyprus; 96, B. plebejella, &, Gebze, Turkey; 97, B. plebejella, (, Lania, Cyprus; 98, B.plebejella, (, Attika, Greece; 99, B. basaltinella, &, Venray, Netherlands; 100, B. basaltinella, &, Cuenca, Spain; 101, B. dryadella, (, Ohrid, Macedonia; 102, B. dryadella, &, Kent, Great Britain; 103, B. dryadella, (, Lazio, Italy; 104, B. dryadella, &, Mistretta, Sicily; 105, B. similis, &, Vierlingsbeek, Netherlands; 106, B. similis, (, Vierlingsbeek, Netherlands; 107, B. senectella, (, Heidelberg, Germany; 108, B. senectella, (, Venray, Netherlands; 109, B. senectella, &, Platres, Cyprus; 110, B. affinis, (, Norwich, Great Britain; 111, B. affinis, &, Skalingen, Denmark; 112, B. affinis, (, Skalingen, Denmark; 113, B. umbrosella, (, Zwanenwater, Netherlands; 114, B. umbrosella, &, Ameland, Netherlands; 115, B. umbrosella, &, Fanore, Ireland. All on the same scale, ca 3x.
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307-308) ...... B. similis Signum smooth with two strong folds, anterior and – Signum different ...... 33 posterior section folded behind the middle section. 33. Signum elongate trapezoidal, with two very large spines on distal end (fig. 305) ...... B. affinis – Signum different ...... 34 Bryotropha horribilis sp. n. 34. Median tongue on segment very distinct (figs. 6, 18, 19, 116, 117, 138-140, 218, 262, (fig. 385); signum oval with four equally large 361, 398) spikes on the corners (fig. 289) ...... B. sutteri – dorsal rim of segment with weak median Type material. – Holotype (: : 25 km tongue; signum otherwise ...... 35 W. Damascus, 2-3.vi.1961, Kasy & Vartian, gen. 35. Sclerotized extension marking the distal end of slide GU1458 (). – Paratypes: 17(, 6&: : the ventral groove set in broad shallow invagina- 1&, Kordestan, 36 km NE Marivan, road to Baneh, tion; apophyses posteriores less than three times 1550 m, 8-9.vii.1975, Ebert & Falkner, gen. slide as long as apophyses posteriores (fig. 294) ...... AR0459 (); 1(, 15 km W Reza’iyeh, Artemisia ...... B. species B Steppe, 1400 m, 11.vi.1965, H. G. Amsel, gen. slide – Sclerotized plug marking the distal end of the R0532 (); 3(, 1&, 28 km N Sanandaj, 1600 ventral set in small shallow v-shaped invagina- m, 15.vi.1975, H. G. Amsel, gen. slides (: AR0465, tion; apophyses posteriores about four times as AR0467, &: AR0468 (). – : 1(, De- long as apophyses posteriores (figs. 292-293) ...... been, near Jerash, 7.vi.1963, J. Klapperich (); ...... B. gallurella 1&, Jebeiha, near Amman, 1000 m, 30.vi.1963, 36. Distal end of ventral groove marked by sclero- J. Klapperich, gen. slide AR0455 (). – : tized oval rim; signum sub-rectangular, corners 1(, 1&, Cedar trees near Becharré, 1900 m, with outward pointing spines (fig. 302) ...... 24-30.vi.1931, Zerny, gen. slide &: AR0380 (); ...... B. basaltinella 1(, Lebanon Mts., cedar trees near Becharré, 1900- – Distal end of ventral groove without sclerotized 2000 m, 14-16.vi.1969, Gross, gen. slide R0508 rim; signum square, corners with stout forward (). – : 1(, 25 km W Damascus, and backward pointing spines (figs. 123, 300- 2-3.vi.1961, Kasy & Vartian (); 1(, 1&, 25 km 301) ...... B. dryadella W Damascus, 15-16.v.1961, Kasy & Vartian, gen. slide &: GU1457 (); 1(, 25 km W Damascus, 15-16.v.1961, Kasy & Vartian, (); 1&, 25 km T W Damascus, 17-18.v.1961, Kasy & Vartian (); 1(, 25 km W Damascus, 8.vi.1961, Kasy & Vartian The horribilis-group (); 2(, 60 km NE Ladikiya, 6-7.vi.1961, Kasy Male genitalia. Uncus heavily sclerotized, subrec- & Vartian (). – : 1(, road Ankara- tangular to subtriangular with a patch of long hairs at Kayseri, 1000 m, 26.vii.1965, M. & W. Glaser, gen. the base. Gnathos heavily sclerotized and strongly slide R0533 (); 3(, Malatya, Resadiye Pass, hook-shaped, base without microtrichia, apex sharp S Sürgü, 1500 m, 15-16.vi.1974, Gross, gen. slides or rather blunt. Tegumen with a deep U-shaped ante- R0507, AR0333 (). rior emargination. Anellus lobe very large with long tubular setae at the apex. Valva club-shaped, the apex Diagnosis occasionally with thorns, base without a sacculus. Medium-sized species with warm orange-brown Vinculum sharp-pointed triangular with long hairs, tinge, and indistinct wing markings. posterior margin with sharp-edged grooves. Saccus The orange tinge separates B. horribilis from broad and short. Aedeagus with bulbous or oval base, B. sabulosella (ochreous tinge) and most other Bry- tubular part straight or curved, apex acute. otropha species. Pale, slightly orange forms of B. hulli Female genitalia. Apophyses anteriores and posteri- are smaller (10-12 mm) and have a distinct black ores slender, short and moderately long respectively. blotch near the base of the forewing. Orange-tinged Segment VIII well sclerotized, distal margin dorsally forms of B. arabica are distinctly larger (14-17 mm). with a heavily sclerotized triangular or subrectangular B. horribilis is most easily confused with B. hendrik- median tongue, ventrally with a weak excavation. seni, a species with a possibly different geographical Ventral groove narrow and rather indistinct. Segment distribution. In B. hendrikseni the forewing has a clear VIII ventrally with a small funnel-shaped antrum basal spot followed by a more or less distinct black (B. horribilis) or with two large vertical lamellae blotch. In B. horribilis a basal spot and following (B. sabulosella). Ductus bursae long and slender. Duc- darker blotch are absent or very weakly defined. tus seminalis arising before halfway between antrum B. sabulosella q. v., B. azovica q. v. and bursa. Bursa oval with median constriction.
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116 117 Description Adult (figs. 18, 19). Wingspan 11-14 mm. Labial palpus fuscous white to ochreous on inside, mottled with brown on outside especially on segment 3. An- tenna fuscous ringed ochreous. Frons ochreous to orange-brown; vertex, thorax and tegula as forewing. Forewing brown mixed with orange-brown; discal and plical stigmata indistinct, first discal slightly beyond second plical; costal and tornal patches orange-brown, fused to a more or less indistinct fascia with slight outwards bend; subapical area mottled 118 119 with black scales; cilia orange-brown to brown with one distinct dark ciliary line and pale yellow tips. Hindwing pale greyish brown, darker towards apex; cilia concolorous, with yellow tips. Variation. Specimens vary from bright orange- brown with distinct wing markings to dark orange- brown with indistinct wing markings. Male genitalia (figs. 138-140, 218). Uncus heavily sclerotized, trapezoidal, with two patches of long hairs at the base. Gnathos stout, very strong, with gradual curve and blunt apex. Valva club-shaped with 120 121 thorns at apex. Sacculus absent, annulus lobe very large with tubular setae at apex. Vinculum pointed triangular, with long hairs, posterior margin with sharp folds and thorns. Aedeagus with sub-oval base, tube straight, apex acute. Female genitalia (figs. 116, 117, 262, 361). Seg- ment VIII with heavily sclerotized sub-rectangular dorsal tongue set in broad sub-rectangular invagina- tion, ventrally with small, shallow invagination. Lamella postvaginalis and microtrichia absent. Antrum small, heavily sclerotized, tapering. Signum 122 123 small and smooth, with two transverse folds, distal and proximal sections folded behind middle section.
Biology The early stages are unknown. Adults have been collected in June and July. Altitudinal range between 1000 and 2000 m.
Distribution (fig. 398) Found in the south-east Mediterranean region and south-west Asia: east Turkey, north Iran, Syria, Figs. 116-123. Bryotropha spp., variation in signum mor- Lebanon and Jordan. phology analysed by . – 116, B. horribilisis, paratype, slide AR0468, ventral view; 117, B. horribilis, paratype, slide Etymology AR0380, dorsal view; 118, B. plantariella, slide R0320, ven- Refers to the exclamation of the second author af- tral view; 119, B. plantariella, slide R0320, dorsal view; 120, ter the first glance at the male genitalia of this new B. tachyptilella, slide R0550; 121, B. italica, paratype, slide AR0335; 122, B. vondermuhlli, slide AR0475; 123, species (horribilis (Latin) = horrible, ghastly). B. dryadella, slide AR0362. Scale bar 100 µm for all figures. Bryotropha sabulosella (Rebel) comb. n. (figs. 20, 21, 141-143, 219, 263, 264, 362, 399) Lita sabulosella Rebel, 1905: 211.Holotype : : Erdschias-Gebiet, 12.6.1902, leg. Penther; (‘Erdschias-
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Gebiet; Lita sabulosella Rbl., Type; Mus. Vind. Gen. membranous funnel towards the ductus bursae präp. 1817 ; [slide] W 505 , [crossed out]; Lita which is well sclerotized until the ductus seminalis. sabalosella [sic!] Rbl. – Type, Mus. Vind. 1817, det Dr. Signum small and smooth, with two transverse folds, Povolny´) ( ) [examined]. distal and proximal sections folded behind middle section. Diagnosis Medium-sized brown species with an ochreous Biology tinge and indistinct wing markings. The early stages are unknown. Adults have been The mixture of dark and light scales gives the collected in June-July and (more rarely) in Septem- forewing of B. sabulosella a speckled appearance, sep- ber-October, suggesting two generations. Altitudinal arating it from B. azovica, which has a smooth range between 600 and 1900 m. forewing. The absence of a clear black blotch near the base of the forewing distinguishes this species from Distribution (fig. 399) B. plebejella, B. hulli and B. hendrikseni. The latter, Widespread and moderately common in south-east like B. horribilis, usually also has a clear orange tinge. Mediterranean and south-west Asia: Macedonia, Small, well marked specimens of B. desertella can be Greece, Cyprus, Turkey and north Iran. difficult to separate from B. sabulosella. Overall, B. desertella has a narrower forewing. Females can be Remarks identified by brushing away scales from the tip of the Lita sabulosella was described from a single female abdomen to look for the presence of a dorsal tongue in good condition collected 12 June at 1900 m alti- on segment VIII. B. azovica and B. species A q. v. tude in the Erdschias-Dagh area in central Turkey (Rebel 1905: 211). As stated above the holotype is a Description male. No new records of B. sabulosella have been pub- Adult (figs. 20, 21). Wingspan 11-13 mm. Labial lished since its description. palpus fuscous white on inside, mottled with fuscous Bryotropha sabulosella (Rebel, 1905) should not be on outside. Antenna fuscous, lighter ringed. Vertex, confused with Nothris sabulosella (Rebel, 1935) thorax and tegula as forewing; frons lighter. Forewing (Gelechiidae), which was also described from central dark, almost blackish brown, in central part mixed Turkey. with large quantities of ochreous, orange-brown and grey; plical and discal stigmata rather indistinct, first Material examined. – 55 , 32 . – : 1 , Troodos discal slightly beyond second plical; costal and tornal Mts., S Lania, 600 m, 24.x.1989, M. & E. Arenberger (). – : 2 , 1 , Akhaia, Aronia Ori, Chelmos patches ochreous to orange-brown, fused to an often plateau, 1750 m, 22.vii.1998, B. Skule & D. Nilsson, gen. indistinct outwards bent fascia; subapical area heavily slide : HH2363 (); 4 , 6 , Arkadia, Parnon Oros mottled with black scales; cilia greyish brown with at Prof. Ilias, 1650 m, 24.vii.1998, B. Skule & D. Nilsson, single ciliary line and yellow tips. Hindwing pale gen. slide : HH2361 (); 2 , Arkadias, Menalo Mts., ochreous to greyish brown; cilia concolorous with up W Kardaras, 1600 m, 6.viii.1985, M. & E. Arenberger, gen. to two ciliary lines and yellow tips. slide AR0419 ( ); 11 , 2 , Fthiotida, Parnassos Mts., below ski-center, 1650 m, 21.vii.1998, B. Skule & D. Nils- Variation. Specimens vary from creamy grey- son, gen. slide : HH2143, : HH2360 (); 3 , 2 , brown to dark grey-brown. The clearness of the Parnassos, N Arakhova, 1900 m, 24.vii.1984, M. & E. markings is most distinct in pale specimens. Arenberger, gen. slides : AR0430, : AR0425 (). Male genitalia (figs. 141-143, 219). Uncus heavily -: 5 , 3 , Elburs Mts., Palour, 1600 m, 21.vi.1969, sclerotized, sub-triangular, with two patches of long H. G. Amsel, gen. slides : R0525, R0528, : R0524, hairs at base. Gnathos stout, very strong, with gradual R0526, R0527 ( ); 1 , 28 km N Sanandaj, 1600 m, 15.vi.1975, H. G. Amsel (). – : 2 , Ohrid, curve and sharp apex. Valva club-shaped, without Petrina Plan, 17-26.vi.1959, J. Klimesch, gen. slides thorns. Sacculus absent, annulus lobe very large, club- AR0414, AR0482 (); 1 , Petrina, 3-15.viii.1936, gen. shaped, with tubular setae at apex. Vinculum sub- slide AR0413 (). – : 1 , Anamas Dag, 1600 m, triangular, with long hairs, posterior margin with 17.vi.1966, J. Klimesch, (); 1 , Ankara, 20 km NW sharp folds and thorns. Aedeagus stout, base sub-oval, Kizilcahaman, 1200 m, 1.vii.1987, M. Fibiger, gen. slide tube slightly curved, apex acute. HH3965 ( ); 1 , 40 km E Ankara, 2.vi.1964, F. Kasy (); 1 , ibid., E. Arenberger, gen. slide R0529 Female genitalia (figs. 263, 264, 362). Segment ();1 , Celtikci, Kizilcahamam, 4.vi.1966, J. Klimesch VIII with heavily sclerotized sub-triangular dorsal (); 1 , 1 , Denizli, Kazikbeli, 1300 m, 1.vi.1966, tongue set in broad but shallow invagination, ventral- J. Klimesch (); 2 , 1 , 10 km NW Gümüshane, ly with small, narrow excavation, laterally with exten- 1000 m, 10.vi.1969, F. Kasy, (); 3 , 4 , ibid., sive membranous structures connecting segment VIII E. Arenberger, gen. slide AR0385 (); 2 , 1 , 5 km NW Gümüshane, 1050 m, 12.vi.1969, F. Kasy, gen. slides : to segment VII. On the ventral side segment VIII with two large vertical lamellae followed by a AR0370, : AR0407 ( ); 3 , 4 , ibid., E. Arenberger,
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gen. slide AR0391 (); 1 , 1 , Kirikkale, 65 km Description E Ankara, 29.v.1964, J. Klimesch, gen. slide : AR0402 Adult (figs. 24-27). Wingspan 11-14 mm. Labial ( ); 11 , Nevsehir, 10 km W Ürgüp, 1300 m, palpus pale ochreous on inside, mottled with fuscous 17-20.vi.1996, F. Schepler, gen. slide AR0618 (); 1 , Kars, Mt. Ararat, 2 km N Cilli Pass, 1500 m, 6.ix.1993, on outside. Antenna fuscous ringed ochreous. Frons M. Fibiger, gen. slide HH2299 (). pale ochreous; vertex and thorax concolorous with forewing; distal half of tegula paler. Forewing dark greyish brown heavily mottled with pale ochreous; base of wings with distinct black costal and dorsal The domestica-group spots (sometimes fused); plical and discal stigmata This small species group is primarily defined by prominent, followed by patches of light scales; first the male genitalia which are characterized by the discal above second plical, sometimes fused; costal absence of a whip from the aedeagus. Externally, the and tornal patches well developed, often fused to forewing is more elongate and unusually contrasting. form a bent fascia; subapical area with many black While the male genitalia of B. domestica defy compar- scales; cilia concolorous, with weak ciliary line and ison with other Bryotropha, the male genitalia of yellow tips. Hindwing very pale glossy grey, darker B. vondermuhlli show a clear resemblance to those of towards apex, cilia concolorous. the similis-group. Based on the female genitalia (ab- Variation. The wing markings can be more or less sence of lamella postvaginalis), however, a position pronounced. In the Mediterranean specimens some- closer to the terrella-group might be suggested. times have an orange or pink tinge; specimens from Saudi Arabia a strong grey tinge. Male genitalia (figs. 144-146, 220, 221). Uncus Bryotropha domestica (Haworth) narrow and long, distally pointed. Socii with 3 setae. (figs. 7, 24-27, 144-146, 220, 221, 265, 363, 400) Gnathos very small with broad microtrichia-covered Recurvaria domestica Haworth, 1828: 551. Lectotype base. Valva club-shaped. Sacculus absent, annulus ; (here designated): (‘domestica; Haworth lobe very long, tapering towards apex. Vinculum coll. 63.54: Gelechia domestica Haw., Lep. Brit. p. 591 (1828), Type ¸ Lectotype , Recurvaria domestica Hw., small, with microtrichia, and prominent knee. Aedea- Select.: K. Sattler, 1961; B. M. Genitalia slide gus straight with acute apex. No. 7166 ’) () [examined]. Female genitalia (figs. 265, 363). Segment VIII Gelechia domesticella Doubleday, 1859: 30. See remarks dorsally with small heavily sclerotized triangular below. scutellum. Lamella postvaginalis and microtrichia Lita punctata Staudinger in Kalchberg, 1876: 146. Lecto- absent. Signum very large and elongate, with two type (here designated): : Sicily, [Valdesi], A. Kalchberg () [examined]. transverse folds but without microtrichia. Gelechia domestica var. salmonis Walsingham, 1908: 937. Holotype : , Canary Islands, Tenerife, Guimar, Biology 4.iv.1907, leg. Walsingham; (‘Wlsm. 99000; Walsing- The biology is described in detail by Stainton ham collection, 1910-427’) () [examined]. (1865). The larva has the head and prothoracic plate Bryotropha algiricella Chrétien, 1917: 469. Syntypes: : dark brown; body reddish brown, marbled paler on Gafsa. Type material not traced. the sides and with conspicuous dark brown spots; anal plate fuscous. It is figured in colour by Stainton Diagnosis (1865). According to Heckford (in litt.) the larva of Light coloured species with slender forewing, con- B. domestica is peculiar in having very large and con- trasting markings and with the first discal above the spicuous pinacula, and according to Stainton (1865) second plical stigma. it is much more active than that of B. affinis. It feeds B. domestica is rarely confused with other from a silken gallery on Tortula muralis Hedw. and Bryotropha. Its external appearance resembles B. von- other mosses growing on walls. Adults have been dermuhlli from which it can be immediately separat- collected from April to October, probably in two gen- ed by the position of the plical and discal stigmata. erations. Altitudinal range from sea level to 2200 m In B. vondermuhlli the first plical is clearly beyond the (in central Turkey). second discal stigma, in B. domestica it is above. This peculiar position of the plical and discal stigmata Distribution (fig. 400) is also found in B. basaltinella and B. dryadella One of the most widespread species of Bryotropha. which are slightly smaller and much darker species From the Canary Islands in the west to Turkmenistan with comparatively broader forewing. Extremely in the east. Common in the whole of the Mediter- pale forms of B. dryadella are distinguished ranean including northern Africa (Morocco, Algeria, from B. domestica by the much darker hindwing. Tunisia, Libya) and the Middle East. Widespread in B. sutteri, q. v. south Ireland, throughout England and Wales,
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on mainland Europe widespread and common in road Iraklion-Malia, 27.ix.1979, M. & W. Glaser (); France and the extreme south-west of Germany; 1 , Krionérion [Assitis], 550 m, 13.vi.1958, H. Reisser much scarcer towards the north; in Scotland only ( ); 1 , SE Makrigialos, Aspropotamos, 20 m, 15.v.1998, R. Sutter (); 1 , ibid., 16.v.1998; 1 , known from the Glasgow area; in Netherlands ibid., 19.v.1998; 1 , ibid., 26.v.1998; 2 , ibid., known from a single record from the extreme south; 27.v.1998; 1 , ibid., 2.vi.1998; 1 , ibid., 3.vi.1998; 1 , absent from Denmark, Fennoscandia and the Baltic Psikhron [Psychro], 1000 m, 20.vii.1958, H. Reisser States. Very scarce and local in central Europe, (); 1 , Silva Rouva, Mt. Ida, 1000 m, 27.vii.1957, although recorded from Hungary and south-east H. Reisser (); 1 , ibid., 25.vi.1958; . – : 1 spec. Slovakia (Elsner et al. 1999). New records for Corsica, – : 9 spec. – : 132 spec. – : 45 spec. – : 14 spec., many larvae. – : 31 spec. Bulgaria, Crete, Lebanon, Libya, Saudi Arabia, and – : 3 spec. – : 1 ex., ca. 100 km NE Minar, Yemen. 2.v.1974 (); 2 , 1 , Miyan Kutal, E Kazerun, 1900 m, 4-7.vi.1969, H. G. Amsel, gen. slide : AR0068 (); Remarks 10 ex., 100 km W Shiraz, 18.iv.1970 (). – : 1 , Recurvaria domestica was described from an unstat- Haifa, 25.v.1921, P.A. Burton (); 1 , Jerusalem, ed number of specimens found indoors in Great 5.v.1922, P.A. Burton ( ); 1 ex., Jerusalem, Abu Gosh, 28.vi.1931, W. Einsler (); 1 ex., Jerusalem, Ain Karin, Britain (Haworth 1828). A specimen in , al- 1.vi.1930, H. G. Amsel (); 1 spec., monastry of ready labelled as the lectotype, is formally designated St. George, Wadi Qelt [Wad-el-Kel], 1.iv.1930, H. G. Amsel above. (). – : 26 ex. – : 1 , Amman, 800 m, Gelechia domesticella Doubleday is an unjustified 6.vi.1958, J. Klapperich (); 1 , ibid., 17.v.1958; 1 , emendation of Recurvaria domestica Haworth. Debeen, near Jerash, 7.vi.1963, J. Klapperich (); 2 , Lita punctata was described from an unstated 1 , ibid., 21.vi.1963; 1 , 1 , Wadi Sir near Amman, 600 m, 1.vi.1956, J. Klapperich (); 3 , 2 , ibid., number of specimens collected at light by A. von 8.vi.1956; 1 , Zerkata, near Romana, 24.xi.1957, J. Klap- Kalchberg in the second half of September near perich (). – : 1 spec., Becharre, 1400 m, Valdesi in Sicily, Italy. A specimen in already 1-14.vii.1931, Zerny (); 1 , Beirut, 1865, Cambridge labelled as the lectotype is here formally designated (). – : 1 , Cyrenaica, Bengasi, 3.v.1922, (see above). G. Krüger (); 1 , Garian, Wadi El Hira, 6.v.1983, Gelechia domestica var. salmonis was described from U. Seneca (zmuc); 1 , ibid., 20.v.1983; 1 , 1 , ibid., 1.iv.1983; 3 , ibid., 15.iv.1983, gen. slide HH2298; the holotype from The Canary Islands, one specimen 1 spec., Tripolitainia, Yafran, v.1935, A. Fiori (). from Madeira and three specimens from Algeria. – : 12 spec. – : 1 , Haut Atlas, Ouir- They were separated from the nominate form of gane, 1-4.vi.1966, Y. de Lajonqu (); 1 ex., Xauen, B. domestica by ‘a salomny pink hue in the ground- 10.vi.1931, H. Reisser (); 1 spec., ibid., 25.vi.1931. colour of the forewings’ (Walsingham 1908). – : 1 , Valkenburg, 8.viii.1950, C. Doets Bryotropha algiricella was an ‘in litteris’ name of ( ). – : 6 spec. – : 3 , 3 , Asir Mts., Wadi Morah, 81 km S Biljurshi, 17-21.iv.1979, H. G. Bang-Haas, which was unintentionally made avail- Amsel, gen. slide : AR0453 (); 1 , ibid., 22.iv.1979; able by Chrétien, by a short diagnosis based on a sin- 1 , ibid., 24.iv.1979; 2 , 4 , ibid., 26-27.iv.1979; 6 , gle specimen from Tunisia, Gafsa. We were unable to ibid., 29.iv–2.v.1979. – : 27 spec. – : 2 spec. trace the holotype in the , but already Chrétien – : 1 spec. – : 186 spec. – : 1 , N of himself (1917) considered B. algiricella to be a (pink- Gafsa, 6.iv.1998, F. Iversen, gen. slide HH2561 (); ish) form of B. domestica. 1 , Tozeur, 28.iv–11.v.1981, M. & W. Glaser, gen. slide AR0178 (). – : 41 spec. – : 1 , W. Kopet Dag, 40 km E Garrygala, Kara Kala, 800 m, Material examined. – 650 spec., including 68 genitalia 15.v.1993, V. Sruoga, gen. slide HH2254 (); 1 , preparations. – : 1 spec. – : 1 , Constan- ibid., 16.v.1993; 1 , ibid., 7.vi.1993; 1 , ibid., tine, 20.v.1895, Walsingham (); 1 , El Cantara, 12.vi.1993; 1 , ibid., 17.vi.1993; 2 , ibid., 19.vi.1993. 25.v.1903, Walsingham (); 1 , Hamman Salahin, – : 1 , Sana’a, Mts. Jabal’Ayban, Bait Na’ama, 3450 18.iv.1903, Walsingham (); 3 spec., Hassi Bahbah, m, 18.iv.1998, M. Fibiger et al., gen. slide HH3016 v.1930, Schwingerschuss (). – : 1 spec., Geg (). Hard, 40 km E Eriwan, 1700 m, 4.viii.1976, Kasy & Vart- ian (). – : 5 spec. – : 1 , Black Sea coast, Arkutino, 25.v–15.vi.1980, F. Eichler (); 1 , 1 , Pirin Mts., Sandanski, Liljanowo, 1000 m, Bryotropha vondermuhlli Nel & Brusseaux 27.vi–25.vii.1985, F. Eichler (); 2 , ibid., (figs. 22, 23, 122, 147, 148, 222, 223, 266, 364, 20.vii–10.ix.1987; 1 , ibid., 30.vi–29.vii.1989; 1 , Ruse, 401) 10.ix.1986, Leinfrost (). – : 1 ex., Ajaccio, 25.vi.1906 (); 1 , Asco, 14.ix.1962, J.H. Kuchlein, Bryotropha vondermühlli Nel & Brusseaux, 2003: 123. gen. slide AR0068 (); 1 ex., Evisa, 850 m, 29.viii.1938, Holotype : : Vancluse, Méthamis, le M. Reisser (). – : 1 , Archontochorion Plafournier, 4.viii.2003, leg. G. Brusseaux, genitalia slide [Xavusa], 20.v.1904, Rebel, gen. slide GP3958 (); 1 , JN 16304 (coll. Nel) [not examined].
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Diagnosis Distribution (fig. 401) Small, vividly coloured species with ochreous head, Widespread but local in south-west Europe: Portu- slender wings and first distal slightly beyond plical gal, Spain, France. stigmata. The position of the first discal stigma slightly be- Remarks yond the second plical stigma separates B. vonder- B. vondermuhlli was described from two males col- muhlli from similar looking B. domestica (q. v.), lected 4.viii.2003 in southern France and published B. basaltinella and B. dryadella. The last two species very soon thereafter (Nel & Brusseaux, 2003). Be- are also much darker and with broader forewing. cause of the large gnathos the species was compared In south-west Europe, where B. vondermuhlli and with B. plantariella. However, a close examination B. dryadella occur together, the latter lacks bright shows that B. vondermuhli is in fact a close relative of ochreous markings. B. domestica. Interestingly, the male genitalia display characters not only of B. domestica (aedeagus with Description acute apex, broad saccus) but also of similis-group Adult (figs. 22, 23). Wingspan 11-13 mm. Labial species (curved aedeagus, shape of uncus, presence of palpus creamy white to light ochreous, mottled with sacculus). In our opinion B. vondermuhlli therefore fuscous on the outside. Antenna dark fuscous, indis- forms a link between the domestica- and the similis- tinctly lighter ringed. Head bright ochreous; vertex group. mottled with brownish grey; thorax and tegula con- In the original description the name was spelled colorous with forewing. Forewing slender, blackish ‘vondermühlli’. According to (1999, article brown, base of wing with distinct black costal and 32.5.2) it has to be corrected to vondermuhlli. dorsal spots; plical and discal stigmata followed by large patches of bright yellow; first discal slightly Material examined: – 46 , 22 , 4 spec. – : 1 , beyond second plical, sometimes fused; costal and tor- Dordogne, Envraux, 9.viii.1979, K.J. Huisman, gen. slide AR0125 (); 1 , ibid., 12.viii.1979 (); 1 , nal patches distinct, bright yellow, sometimes fused to Douelle, Lot, 20.vi.1926, L. Lhomme (); 1 , ibid., form a more or less straight fascia; subapical area with 28.viii.1928; 1 , ibid., 20.viii.1930; 1 , ibid., 17.vii.1946; many black scales; cilia mixed fuscous and yellow, 1 , Gachard, 15.vi.1927, Dattin (); 1 spec., Garel, with ciliary lines and yellow tips. Hindwing pale grey, 16.vii.1904, Chrétien (); 1 , Rondon, Gèdre, slightly darker towards apex; cilia concolorous. 7.vii.1895, L. Lhomme (); 1 , St. Croix V.F., Variation. Over most of its range B. vondermuhlli Lozère, 4.viii.1937, L. Lhomme, gen. slide AR0756 (); 1 spec., St. Pons, 3.viii.1904, Chrétien (); varies only slightly. However, the Portuguese speci- spec., ibid., 5.viii.1904; spec., ibid., 6.viii.1904; 1 , mens studied were much smaller (wingspan 9-10 mm) Dept. Var, Cote d’Azur, 3 km E Gémenos, la Ciotat, 300 m, and distinctly darker. This may reflect ecological condi- 2.viii.1988, M. Fibiger (); 1 , 1 Vaucluse, 4 km tions since they were all collected in the same locality. NW Céreste, St. Paul by Viens, 500 m, 2.viii.2000, P. Skou Male genitalia (figs. 147, 148, 222, 223). Uncus (). ‒ : 2 , 1 , Portalegre, Galegos, Alente- broad sub-rectangular, slightly emarginated. Socii jo, 16.ix.1995, M.F.V. Corley, gen. slides : AR0474, : AR0475 (); 1 , ibid., 15.ix.1995, gen. slide 794. with 3 setae. Gnathos slender, very long, with gradual – : 1 , 1 , Almeria, Sierra Alhamilla, 9 km above bend and bulbous base with microtrichia. Valva Turillas, Colativi, 1000-1350 m, 3.ix.2001, B. Skule & substantially sclerotized. Sacculus present, annulus C. Hviid (); 8 , 2 , Cuenca, Uña, 1150 m, lobe large, club-shaped. Vinculum small, with mi- 28.viii.2001, B. Skule (); 1 , Granada, Puerto de la crotrichia and prominent knee. Aedeagus curved with Mora, 1300 m, 13.ix.1974, Glaser, gen. slide R0501 acute apex. ( ); 1 , Granada, Puerto de la Ragua, Sierra Nevada, Parque Natural, 1800 m, 27.viii.1998, E. Saarela, gen. slide Female genitalia (figs. 122, 266, 364). Segment AR0611 (); 1 , Granada, Sierra Alfacar, above Alfacar, VIII dorsally weakly concave with sclerotized rim, 1340 m, 12.ix.1974, H. G. Amsel & R.U. Roesler, gen. ventrally with broad sub-rectangular invagination slide AR0452 (); 2 , 1 , Granada, Sierra Nevada, Las until 2/5. Distal end of ventral groove marked by scle- Viboras, 1700 m, 31.viii.-1.ix.2001, B. Skule & C. Hviid rotized V-shaped rim. Lamella postvaginalis and mi- (); 2 , Huesca, Barranco de Valcuerna, 8 km S Can- crotrichia absent. Signum large, with two transverse dasnos, 175 m, 17.viii.2001, B. Skule & P. Skou ( ); 1 , ibid., 7.ix.2001, B. Skule & C. Hviid (); 2 , 1 , folds, densely set with tiny spikes. Huesca, Esteña, 700 m, 18-19.viii.2001, B. Skule & P. Skou (); 1 , ibid., 8.ix. 2001, B. Skule & C. Hviid Biology (); 1 , Los Monegros, 10.viii.1993, W. Sauter, nr. The early stages are unknown. Adults have been 5767, gen. slide GP10.476 (); 1 , Teruel, Albarracin, collected from June to September. Altitudinal range 9.viii.1984, 1200 m, W.O. De Prins, gen. slide R0561 from sea level to 1700 m. ( ); 5 , 1 , Teruel, Albarracin, Valdevecar, 1200 m, 21.viii.2001, B. Skule & P. Skou, gen. slide HH3323
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124 The terrella-group
The group is clearly defined by the male and fe- male genitalia. In the males the gnathos is large and well developed and always with a dorsal groove and/or dorsal extension. In the females segment VIII is without a lamella postvaginalis and without microtrichia. Many of the larger Bryotropha species belong to the terrella-group and most have very cha- racteristic male and female genitalia that enable an instant identification. Most of the females belonging to this group have a signum with two transverse folds. 125 Bryotropha rossica (Anikin & Piskunov) (figs. 28, 29, 124-126, 149, 150, 224, 267-269, 365, 402) Bryotropha rossica Anikin & Piskunov, 1996: 171, figs 3-4. Holotype : : Saratov Prov., Voskresensk distr., Chardym I., at light, 18.vii.1990 (Anikin); gent. AR0451 () [examined]. Bryotropha tachengensis Li & Zheng, 1997: 399, fig. 9. Holotype : : Tacheng (46.7ºN, 82.9ºE), Xinjiang Uigur Autonomous Region, 18.viii.1990, leg. Li Jin-fu; gentitalia slide L95424 () [examined]. Syn. n.
126 Diagnosis Medium-sized species with an ochreous grey ground colour and indistinct wing markings. The smooth, ochreous grey tinged forewing is a characteristic feature. B. azovica and plain coloured specimens of B. desertella have a darker, more brown tinge; B. sabulosella is usually darker and has a slight- ly speckled forewing. It seems that the distribution ar- eas of B. azovica, and B. sabulosella do not overlap with that of B. rossica. B. species A, q. v.
Description Figs. 124-126.Gnathos of Bryotropha rossica holotype, slide Adult (figs. 28, 29). Wingspan 12-13 mm. Labial AR0106, analysed by . – 124, gnathos in lateral view; palpus fuscous white on inside, mottled with brown 125-126, gnathos in a tilted view clearly revealing the on outside, segment 3 darker than segment 2; anten- spoon-like shape. na dark brown ringed with ochreous. Head pale ochreous grey; vertex, thorax and tegula as forewing. Forewing mixed ochreous and greyish brown; discal and plical stigmata indistinct, first discal slightly be- yond plical; costal and tornal patches pale ochreous, ( ); 1 , 5 , ibid., 1150 m, 1.viii.2003; 1 , Teruel, 6 fused to form a faint outwards bent fascia; subapical km S Albarracin, 1400 m, 22.viii.2001, B. Skule & P. Skou (); 4 , 1 , Teruel, near Puerto de Orihuela, 1600 m, area irrorate with black scales; cilia dark ochreous 28.viii.1984, M. Kavin & P. Skou, gen. slide HH2349 with several ciliary lines and pale yellow tips. Hind- (); 2 , 1 , ibid., 23.viii.2001, 1650 m, B. Skule & wing pale ochreous brown, darker towards apex; cilia P. Skou; 2 , Teruel, 1 km E Tramacastillo, 1250 m, concolorous. 24.viii.2001, B. Skule & P. Skou (); 1 , Zaragoza, Variation. Variation is weak; individual specimens 3 km E Cerveruela, at Rio del Huerva, 800 m, 6.ix.2001, can be slightly lighter or darker; in some specimens B. Skule & C. Hviid (); 1 , Zaragoza, Tosós at La Rio Huerva, 550 m, 20.viii.2001, B. Skule & P. Skou (). the stigmata are followed by indistinct patches or streaks of light ochreous scales.
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Male genitalia (figs. 124-126, 149, 150, 224). Un- Bryotropha species A cus large, broadly rounded, base without socii. (figs. 225, 402) Gnathos heavy with shallow dorsal groove, base curved, distal part widened in first half, distinctly Diagnosis narrowed in second half (fig. 124-126). Valva slightly Medium-sized species with an ochreous grey S-curved. Sacculus absent. Vinculum pointed trian- ground colour and indistinct wing markings. gular, reaching to beyond ⅔ of valva. Aedeagus with B. rossica is slightly smaller and with more slender apex strongly curled. Only to be confused with and somewhat lighter forewing. B. azovica and B. species A, q. v. B. desertella have a darker, more brownish tinge; Female genitalia (figs. 267-269, 365). Segment B. sabulosella is usually darker and has the forewing VIII dorsally with small median tongue set in broad slightly speckled. sub-rectangular invagination, ventrally with small excavation. Ventral groove very narrow. Lamella Description postvaginalis and microtrichia absent. Antrum broad Adult. Wingspan 14mm. Labial palpus fuscous triangular. Signum with two transverse folds, densely white on inside, mottled with brown on outside, seg- set with spikes. ment 3 darker than segment 2; antenna dark brown ringed with ochreous. Head pale ochreous grey; vertex, Biology thorax and tegula as forewing. Forewing ochreous with The early stages are unknown. Adults have been scattered black scales and greyish brown subapical area; collected from May to July. Altitudinal range from discal and plical stigmata indistinct; costal and tornal sea level to 400 m. patches indistinct; cilia dark ochreous with two ciliary lines and pale yellow tips. Hindwing pale ochreous Distribution (fig. 402) brown, darker towards apex; cilia concolorous. Known from south Russia, Kazakhstan and north- Variation. Only one specimen was available for west China. Recenty found in Estonia (Jürivete study. 2004). Male genitalia (fig. 225). Uncus large, broadly rounded, base without socii. Gnathos heavy with Remarks shallow dorsal groove, base curved, distal part ex- Bryotropha rossica was described from one male col- tremely wide until just before the apex. Valva lected at light by Anikin 18 July 1990 at Chardym I., straight, distinctly widened halfway. Sacculus absent. Voskrenesk district, Sarotov province in Russia. Vinculum pointed triangular, not reaching beyond Bryotropha tachengensis Li & Zheng, 1997 was the middle of the valva. Aedeagus with apex strongly described from one male from West China (Xinjiang curled. Uigur Autonomous Region). Apart from a slightly more slender gnathos, the genitalia are similar to Remarks those of rossica and also the external features fall with- The genitalia of species A are similar to those of in the range known for B. rossica. B. rossica but differ in several essential characters. Most significant is the gnathos, which is about twice Material examined. – 36 , 33 . – : 10 , 13 , as broad as in B. rossica. A further striking difference Astraham oblast, near Bogdo village, Baskunzak salt lake, is the shape of the valva, which is straight in B. species 4.vi.2001, K. Nupponen, gen. slide : AR0633 (); 4 , 1 , Orenburg oblast, near Burannoe village, A, but with a clear S-curve in B. rossica. These features 12.vi.2001, K. Nupponen (); 7 , Orenburg oblast, suggest a hitherto undescribed taxon. However, with- Novoiletzk 8 km E, 9.vi.1998, T. & K. Nupponen, gen. out additional material and without knowledge of the slide AR0604 (); 1 , Orenburg oblast, Pokrovka vill. female we cannot rule out that this Turkish specimen 20 km S, Schibendy valley, 22.vi.1999, T. & K. Nupponen, is a representative of a population of B. rossica on the gen. slide AR0593 ( ); 8 , ibid., 11.vi.2001; 4 , 6 , edge of the distribution area of that species. We there- ibid., 3-7.vi.1998, J. Junnilainen, gen. slides : AR0591, AR0620; 1 , ibid., 5.vi.1998, T. & K. Nupponen; 2 , fore refrain from naming this specimen. 2 , ibid., 7.vi.1998, T. & K. Nupponen, gen. slides : AR0595, AR0619, : AR0599; 1 , Saratov, Voskresensk., Distribution (fig. 402) Chardym I., at light, 18.vii.1990, Anikin, gen. slide Only known from a single specimen from central AR0451 (); 1 , Sarepta, H. Christoph, gen. slide Turkey. BM6261 (); 1 , Volgograd, 25-31.v.1967, V. Zouhar, gen. slide OK3898 ( ); 6 , 1 , Volgograd Material examined. – : 1 , Tuz Gölü, north shore, oblast, Volgograd 80km NW, near Ilava village, 2.vi.2001, 1100 m, 20.vi.1968, M. & W. Glaser, gen. slide R0554 K. Nupponen ( ). ().
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Bryotropha azovica Bidzilya Biology (figs. 8, 30-32, 151, 152, 226, 270, 366, 402) The early stages are unknown. Adults have been Bryotropha azovica Bidzilya, 1996: 83. Holotype : collected from May to July and again from late Sep- : Zaporozhskaya obl.[ast’], s.[elo]Kirillovka, tember to early October. Altitudinal range from sea 3.viii.1994, leg. Getmanchuk, [genitalia in glycerin] level to 800 m. () [examined]. Distribution (fig. 402) Diagnosis Widespread and locally common in south-east Medium-sized plain brown to dark brown species Europe. Bulgaria, Greece, Macedonia, Cyprus, with relatively pale hindwing. Turkey, Ukraine. Within its distribution area the common form of B. azovica, with its rather broad, plain coloured dark Remarks forewing and pale hindwing, is easily separated from Bryotropha azovica was described from one male B. desertella (more vividly coloured) or B. terrella collected 3 August 1994 in Kirillovska, Zaporozh- (larger and with darker hindwing). Light forms skaya, South Ukraine (Bidzilya 1996). The female with slightly speckled forewing, are very similar to was subsequently described by Bidzilya & Budashkin light forms of B. desertella. Though the latter has a (1998). The male genitalia indicate a close relation- slightly narrower forewing, a study of the genitalia is ship to B. rossica. often inevitable here. B. rossica, B. species A and B. sabulosella, q. v. Material examined. – 20 , 27 . – : 1 , 1 , Nessebar, 11-23.vi.1959, J. Soffner, gen. slides : BM22.731, : BM22.732 (); 1 , Pirin Mts., San- Description danski, Liljanova, 800 m, 26.v-21.vi.1981, F. Eichler, gen. Adult (figs. 30-32). Wingspan 11-14 mm. Labial slide AR0368 (). – : 2 , Garyllis River, 14 km palpus fuscous white on inside, mottled with greyish N Limasol, 300 m, 16.x.1996, M. Fibiger, D. Nilsson, brown on outside. Antenna fuscous, indistinctly P. Svendsen, gen. slide HH3955 (); 1 , Paphos sur- lighter ringed. Vertex, thorax and tegula concolorous roundings, 8-20.v.1993, A. & E. Arenberger, gen. slide with forewing, frons lighter. Forewing ochreous AR0149 ( ); 1 , Troodos Mts., 3 km S Dhoros, 430 m, 13-15.v.1999, C. Hviid & B. Skule, gen. slide HH3068 brown to dark brown with slight orange tinge; discal (). – : 1 , 1 , Arkadias, 3 km S Manthirea and plical stigmata small and very indistinct, first dis- near Tripolis, 650 m, 3.x.1984, M. Fibiger, gen. slides : cal slightly beyond second plical; costal and tornal HH2172, : HH2173 (); 1 , 1 , Fthiotidos, Ther- patches ochreous to orange-brown, fused to form very mopilai near Lamia, 25.ix.1984, M. Fibiger, gen. slide : indistinct outwards bent fascia; subapical area irrorate HH2289 (); 1 , Kastoria, 4 km S Vogatsikon near with black scales; cilia concolorous with indistinct Kastoria, 600 m, 21.ix.1984, M. Fibiger, gen. slide HH2290 (); 1 , Peloponnes, Messene, 17.v.1999, ciliary lines and pale yellow tips. Hindwing pale M. Horak, gen. slide GP10697 (). – : 1 , ochreous brown at base, substantially darker towards Ohrid, 730 m, 9.vi.1975, A. Speckmeier, gen. slide AR0394 apex; cilia concolorous with pale yellow tips. (); 1 , Stari Dojran, 2-10.vi.1955, J. Klimesch Variation. Variation is generally weak, individual (); 1 , 4 , ibid., 10-19.vi.1955. – : 5 , 7 , specimens may be slightly lighter or darker. Occa- Bursa surroundings, 1.vi.1966, Klapperich, gen. slides : sionally very pale forms occur with a somewhat speck- R0535, : R0536 ( ); 1 , Gebze, 9-15.ix.1968, Pinker, gen. slide AR0276 (); 1 , Gebze [Izmit], led appearance. 2-3.vi.1969, F. Hahn (); 1 , Taurus, S Mut, Male genitalia (figs. 151, 152, 226). Uncus large, 23.v.1969, E. Arenberger, gen. slide AR0392 (); 1 , broadly rounded, with slight emargination, base with Urfa, 10.vi.1983, K. Huber, gen. slide AR0384 (); 1 , prominent socii densely set with hairs. Gnathos SW Yalova, at lake Marmara, 25.vi.1969, E Arenberger, heavy, with dorsal groove, base curved, distal part ex- gen. slide R0534 (); 1 , 2 , SW Yalova, at lake Mar- panding before contracting into short sharp tip. Val- mara, 31.v.1969, F. Kasy ( ); 3 , 4 , Urfa, 8 km W Siverek, 700 m, Gross, gen. slides : AR0121, R0472, va curved club-shaped. Sacculus absent. Vinculum : AR0122, R0470 (). pointed triangular. Aedeagus with apex strongly curled. Female genitalia (figs. 270, 366). Segment VIII Bryotropha arabica Amsel dorsally with small sclerotized median tongue set in (figs. 33-35, 153, 154, 227, 271, 367, 403) broad sub-rectangular invagination, ventrally with Bryotropha arabica Amsel, 1952: 120, figs 27-28. Lectotype small excavation. Ventral groove short and narrow. (here designated): ⁄ : Wadi el Keli, Lamella postvaginalis and microtrichia absent. Georgskloster, 1.iv.1930, leg. H. G. Amsel; (‘GU. 182; Antrum membranous, very large, making up nearly TYPUS, leg. H. Amsel; [underside] ‘‘Bryotropha arabica’’; Georgsklost., Wadi el Keli, Lichtfang, 1.4.1930; Palästi- half of ventral side of segment VIII. Signum elongate, na Expedition, 18.2-4.6.30, H. Amsel; Lectotype, with two transverse folds and numerous tiny spikes.
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Bryotropha arabica Amsel, O. Karsholt design. 1999’) invaginations. Lamella postvaginalis and microtrichia () [examined]. absent. Antrum very large in the shape of an oval shield enveloping an elongated ostium. Signum large Diagnosis with two transverse folds, densely set with spikes Large, ochreous to orange grey species with rather except for very narrow middle section. distinct wing markings and pale hindwing. The large size, the relatively pale forewing, often Biology with distinct streaks of pale scales, an orange tinge, The early stages are unknown. Adults have been orange based cilia, and the pale hindwing, distinguish collected from April to October in Europe and from arabica from related species. Both B. terrella and January to October in south-west Asia. Altitudinal B. desertella have a darker hindwing, and a forewing range from sea level to 2250 m. that lacks streaks of light scales and orange based cil- ia. Even the variable B. figulella never has an orange Distribution (fig. 403) tinge on the forewing, and usually has the pale base of Widely distributed in the Mediterranean region the hindwing strongly contrasting with a very dark and south-west Asia. Especially in the south and east apex. B. sattleri may occasionally have a slight bit of one of the most common species. In Europe present orange on the apex and cilia of the forewing, but this in Spain, the extreme south of France, Sicily, Mace- species always has a slightly grey tinge and the donia, Bulgaria, Greece, Crete and Cyprus. Also forewing lacks a bright ochreous to orange spot at the found in Turkey, throughout North Africa (Moroc- extreme base. co, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya), the Middle East (Israel, Lebanon, Syria), Saudi Arabia, Yemen, Iraq, Iran, Description and Turkmenistan. Adult (figs. 33-35). Wingspan 12-17 mm. Labial palpus pale ochreous on inside, mottled with fuscous Remarks on outside. Antenna fuscous ringed ochreous. Frons Bryotropha arabica was described from an unstated pale ochreous, vertex often darker; thorax and tegula number of syntypes from Palestine / Israel and one as forewing. Forewing grey to ochreous brown, mot- specimen from Mossul in Iraq (Mesopotamia). In the tled with black; extreme base with light ochreous Italian text of the original description the locality of basal spot followed by black patches; plical and discal the lectotype designated above is cited as ’Convento stigmata normally distinct, followed by streaks of pale di S. Giorgio’. ochreous scales; first discal slightly beyond second pli- B. arabica sensu Nel (1997) is in fact B. sattleri. By cal; costal and tornal patches pale ochreous, fused to correcting this mistake Nel (2003) deleted B. arabica form a sharply angulated outwards bent fascia; ter- from the fauna of France but we have examined a sin- men often lined with black scales; cilia with orange gle French specimen (see list of examined material). base, several dark ciliary lines and yellow tips. Hind- wing pale grey, darker towards apex, cilia concolorous Material examined. 161 , 84 , 25 spec. – : with pale yellow tips. 1 spec., Guelt es Stel, Predota ( ); 2 , 1 , Guelt es Stel, 27-30.ix.1929, Zerny, gen. slides : MVGP1485, Variation. B. arabica normally is light to dark MVPG1486, : MPVG1486 (); 2 , 3 , Hamman ochreous grey but orange grey to plain brown speci- Salahin, 9.iv.1904, Walsingham, gen. slides : BM13.772, mens also occur, and the wing markings may be more : BM13.773 (BMNH); 1 , Hassi Bahbah, 1-10.x.1929, or less distinct. Regardless of the colour of the Zerny, gen. slide MVGP1484 (); 4 , Hassi Bahbah, forewing, the cilia nearly always have a distinctly v.1930, Zwingenschuss ();. – : 1 , Gob- orange base. In many specimens the forewing as a ustan, 50 km S Baku, 7.v.1987, R. Puplesis, gen. slide HH2368 (). – : 1 , Pirin Mts., Sandanski, whole also has a delicate to very clear orange tinge, Liljanova, 1-30.vi.1984, F. Eichler (); 1 ; ibid., which is most apparent at the extreme base. 10.ix.1987. – : 2 , road Malia-Neapolis, v.1980, Male genitalia (figs. 153, 154, 227). Uncus sub- M. & W. Glaser (); 1 , Pevkos, 850 m, 6.x.1951, rectangular, rather small and with tiny indentations. H. Reisser (); 1 , Pevkos, 800 m, 30.vii.1962, H. Socii with 3-5 setae. Gnathos heavy and bulbous, Reisser (). – : 1 spec., Limasol, 14.ix.1928, with microtrichia at base, small dorsal groove, and Mavromoustakis ( ). – : 1 spec., Plan d’Aups, Marchand (). – : 1 , 1 , Staudinger (); blunt apex. Valva roughly club-shaped. Sacculus very 1 , Delphi, 18-19.v.1997, E.Å. Seling, gen. slide HH2370 broad, with hooked apex. Vinculum with very char- (); 1 , Makedonia, Lithochoro, 400 m, acteristic tooth near saccus. 16-18.v.1994, O. Karsholt (); 1 , Menikion, Kap- Female genitalia (figs. 271, 367). Segment VIII nofiton, 600 m, 7-11.v.1988, F. Schepler, gen. slide dorsally with prominent well sclerotized median HH2341 (); 1 , Olympos, Karia, 1000 m, 6.viii.1973, E. Arenberger (); 1 , Olympos, Litho- tongue. Distal end of ventral groove marked by large heavily sclerotized protrusion, flanked by narrow choron, 1000 m, 16.viii.1973, E. Arenberger ( ); 1 ,
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Sithonia, SE Vouvoura, 3-4.v.1988, F. Schepler, gen. slide 28.v.1973, M. & W. Glaser, gen. slide AR0198 (); HH2340 (); 3 , 1 , Tritaia nr. Itea/Delphi, 150 m, 1 , ibid., 28.ix.1973, gen. slide AR0187; 1 , ibid., 24.iv.1973, Gross (). – , : 1 spec., Skala x.1979, gen. slide AR0190; 1 , Soria, Sierra Moncayo Kallonis, 2.vi.1987, M. Hull (); 1 , ibid., Olvega, 1100 m, 27.viii.1966, Y. de la Jonquière (); 23.vi.2000; 1 , ibid., 13.vii.2000. – : 1 , Dalaki 3 , Teruel, Albarracin, 1170 m, 5-7.vi.1994, A. Cox, gen. bridge, 300 m, 21.iii.1973, H. G. Amsel (); 1 , 42 slide R0435 (); 1 , Teruel, Albarracin, Val de Vacar, km WNW Djahrom, 1300 m, Astragalus-Steppe, 1100 m, 12.vi.1999, P. Skou, gen. slide HH2721 (); 26.iii.1973, H. G. Amsel (); 1 , Fars, Kaserun, Mian 1 , Teruel, Cosa, 19.ix.1983, H.v.d. Wolf, gen. slide Kotal, 1900 m, 18.vi.1972, Ebert & Falkner (); 1 , R0455 (); 1 , Teruel, Cosa, 10.vi.1982, M. Hull, gen. Fars, Sineh , 6500 ft, 19.v.1950, E.P. Wiltshire (); 1 , slide 2518 (); 1 , Teruel, Gea de Albarracin, Fars, Shiraz, 30.iv.1940, Wiltshire, gen. slide BM25.956 20.ix.1983, H.v.d. Wolf, gen. slide WF3567 (); (); 3 , E Kazerun, Mian Kotal, 1900 m, 51º40‘E, 1 spec., Zaragosa, 25.iv.1912, De Joannis (). 29º30‘N, 4-7.vi.1969, H. G. Amsel (); 1 , 15 km N – : 2 spec, Gafda, (); 1 , N. of Gafsa, Kermanshah, 1350 m, 16.vi.1975, H. G. Amsel (), 6.iv.1998, F. Iversen, gen. slide HH2560 (). – : 1 , 79 km E Shah-Pasand, 26.v.1974, Exp. Mus. Vind. 2 , 1 , Aksehir 30km SW, Sultan Daglari 1500 m, (); 3 , 65 km W Shiraz, 16.iv.1970, Exp. Mus. Vind. 29.v.1997, K. Nupponen & J. Junnilainen (); 1 , (); 6 , Pass 80 km W Shiraz, Exp. Mus. Vind. (); Amasya, Staudinger (); 8 , 30 km NE Konya, 5 , 4 , Tangetehogan, 30km N Kazerun, 930 m, 27.v.1969, F. Kasy (); 1 spec, Amasya, Ragonot 23.iii.1973, H. G. Amsel (). – : 1 spec., Abu (); 1 , Ankara, 5 km NW Sereflikochisar, 1000 m, Chraib, 23.i.1980, Doberitz, e.o. (); 1 , Kordestan, 19-20.vi.1974, Gross, gen. slide AR0123 (); 4 , 1 , Shaqlava, 2500 ft, 13-25.iv.1953, E.P. Wiltshire (); 40 km E Ankara, 2.vi.1969, Arenberger (); 1 , ibid., 2 , 2 , Kope Quara, 12.x.1970, H. Roberts (); 2 , F. Kasy (); 1 , Bogackoy, 26.ix.1989, E. Baraniak, Mosul, 1918, Otto (); 1 , Mossul, 30.v.1911(?), coll. gen. slide HH2227 (); 4 , Brussa, 1863, Mann Schawerda (). – : 1 , Kirjat-Anawin, (); 1 , Burdur, Sagalassos, near Aglasun, 1500 m, 28.iii.1930, H. Amsel (); 1 , ibid.; 2 , ibid., 28-29.v.1974, Gross, gen. slide AR0127 (); 1 , ibid., 22.iv.1930; 2 , 1 , Jerusalem, 9.iv.1930, H. Amsel 1400m, 29.v.1974; 1 , Celtikci, 18.ix.1989, E. Baraniak, (); 1 , St. Monastry of St. George, Wadi Qelt [Wad- gen. slide HH2270 (); 1 , 1 , 10 km E. Esksehir, el-Kel], at light, 1.iv.1930, H. Amsel (); 1 , ibid. 28.v.1964, J. Klimesch (); 1 , 80 km SW Eskischehir, (). – : 1 , Amarlou, 28.ix.1970, Ebert-Abai 28.v.1969, M. & W. Glaser) (); 1 , 5 km NW (); 1 , 1 , Debeen near Jerasch, 7.vi.1963, Klap- Gümüshane, 1050 m, 12.vi1969, Arenberger (); 1 , perich (); 1 , Petra, 600 m, 2.v.1964, Klapperich Kirikkale, 29.v.1964, J. Klimesch (); 1 , 5 , (); 1 , Wadi Sir, near Amman, 600 m, 8.vi.1958, Kirikkale, 65 km E Ankara, 29.v.1964, J. Klimesch (); Klapperich (). – : 1 , Bescharre, cedar trees, 1 , 1 , Kizilcahaman, 4-14.ix.1967, M. & W. Glaser 1900 m, 13-14.v.1969, Kasy & Vartian, gen. slide (); 1 , Kizilcahaman, 925 m, 3.vi.1970, M. & W. MPVG1456 (). – : 1 , Cyrenaica, Bengasi, Glaser (); 1 , Kizilcahamam, 11.v-5.vi.1970, Pinker 18.iii.1922, G. Krüger, gen. slide HH2326 (); 1 , (); 2 , Konya 25 km E, 23.v.1997, K. Nupponen & ibid., 3.v.1922. – : 1 , 1 , Drenovo, near J. Junnilainen (); 1 , 40 km W Konya, 1400 m, Kavadar, 20-30.v.1957, F. Kasy, gen. slide MVGP3466 3.vi.1964, J. Klimesch (); 1 , mountains 35 km (); 1 , ibid., 15.ix.1960, gen. slide MVGP474b W Konya, 3.vi.1964, J. Klimesch (); 4 , 2 , 30 km (); 1 , Stari Dojran, 10-19.vi.1955, J. Klimesch NE Konya, 27.v.1969, Arenberger (); 4 , 35km (); 1 , Treska-Matka, 23.v.1955, Jos. Thurner NNE Konya, 11.v.1970, Exp. Mus. Vind. (); 1 , (). – : 1 , Delfilia, near Figuig, Köprüköy, Kizilirmak, 12.iv.1971, G. Friedel (); 6 , 5-20.iv.1966, A.M. Hutson () – : 2 , Etna, Mt. 50 km SE Maden, SW Elazig, 17.v.1969, F. Kasy (); Arso, 11 km W Paterno, 1050 m, 2-4.v.1987, M. Fibiger, 3 , 30km E Malatya, 14.v.1969, F. Kasy (); 2 spec, gen. slide HH2285 (). – : 12 spec., Albacete, Mardin, de Joannis, (); 1 , Maras, Ahir Dagi, 800 m, El Bonillo, 4.vi.1986, M. Hull (); 1 , Alcobebas, 3.x.1986, Moberg & Hillman, gen. slide HH2365 (); vi.1935, H. Flores, gen. slide AV183 (); 2 , Almeria, 1 , 25 km SW Mersin, dunes, 20.v.1969, Arenberger, gen. 10 km E Bedar, El Pinar, 325 m, 19-27.iv.2001, P. Skou & slide AR0268 (); 1 , Taurus, 50 km N Tarsus, B. Skule (); 5 , 1 , Almeria, Mini Hollywood, 19.v.1969, Arenberger (); 1 , Toprakil, 30.v.1964, 230 m, 14-15.x.1992, M. Fibiger, gen. slides : HH2321, J. Klimesch (); 2 , Tuz Gölü, 13.ix.1971, G. Friedel HH2348 (); 2 , 7 , Almeria, Penon de Turillas, (); 1 , Tuz Gölü, north shore, 6.ix.1969, M. & W. 1000 m, 24.iv.2001, Hviid, Skou & Skule (), 2 , Glaser (); 6 , Urfa, Bireak Halfei, 700 m, 16.x.1986, Burgos, Villaquiran, 900 m, 30.viii.1966, Y. de la Jonquière Moberg & Hillman, gen. slide HH2421 (); 1 , (); 1 , Cataluna, Port Bou, 0-300 m, 16-30.ix.1966, Ürgüb, 1.vi.1964, J. Klimesch (). – : 1 spec., M. & W. Glaser (); 1 , Cordoba, Venta de Azuel, 20 km NE Damascus, 16-23.v.1961, Kasy & Vartian (). 17.v.1981, H.v.d. Wolf, gen. slide R0451 (); 1 , 3 , – : 2 , Ai-Dere, 14.v.1984, P. Ivinskis Cuenca, Valdecabras, 25-30.IX.1996, J. Wolschrijn, gen. (); 1 , Kara Kala, 23.iv.1997, Z. Kljuchko, gen. slide slides : R0260, R0261, R0346 (); 2 , Granada, R0466 (); 1 , W. Kopet Dag, 40 km E Garrygala, Baza, 110 km NE Granada, 16.v.1979, M. & W. Glaser, Kara Kala, 800 m, 29.iv.1993, V. Sruoga (); 2 , ibid., gen. slide AR0203 (); 1 , ibid., 19.ix.1973; 1 , ibid., 2.v.1993; 3 , 1 , ibid., 3.v.1993, gen. slide : HH2250; 26.ix.1973, gen. slide AR0192; 1 , ibid., 23.v.1979, gen. 1 , ibid., 4.v.1993; 2 , 5 , ibid., 5.v.1993, gen. slide : slide AR0250; 1 spec., Granada, Cullar de Baza, 28.v.1992, HH2255; 4 , ibid., 12.v.1993, gen. slide HH2249; 1 , M. Hull (); 1 , Granada, Sierra Nevada, Ruta del 4 , ibid., 15.v.1993, gen. slides : HH2251, : HH2252, Veleta, 2250 m, 18.ix.1987, P. Skou, gen. slide HH3899 HH2253; 1 , ibid., 16.v.1993. (); 1 , Murcia, Alhama de Murcia, Sierra Espuna,
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Bryotropha patockai Elsner & Karsholt Biology (figs. 36, 155, 156, 228, 272, 368, 404) The early stages are unknown. Adults have been Bryotropha patockai Elsner & Karsholt, 2003. Holotype : collected between 15 June and 24 July, always at low : Slov[ensk´y] raj, 15.vi.1977, leg. J. Patocka; altitudes. Gen. præp. 3457, O. Karsholt () [examined]. Distribution (fig. 404) Diagnosis Local in central and east Europe: Czech Republic, Medium-sized ochreous grey to ochreous brown Slovakia, Hungary, Croatia (Elsner & Karsholt species with rather indistinct stigmata. 2003), Ukraine (A. Bidzilya in litt.). B. patockai is most similar to B. plantariella, which has the inside of the labial palpus more bright ochre- Remarks ous and the stigmata (especially the second discal) on Bryotropha patockai was described from nine males the forewing more prominent. and nine females from East Europe (Elsner & Karsholt 2003). It was treated as ‘Bryotropha sp. Description (Elsner & Karsholt, in Vorb.)’ by Elsner et al. (1999). Adult (fig. 36). Male. Wingspan 14-15 mm. Labi- Bryotropha brevivalvata Li & Zheng, 1997 from al palpus pale ochreous, mottled with dark brown on Central China somewhat resembles B. patockai in the outside; segment 3 as long as segment 2. Antenna genitalia, apart from the gnathos, which is more sim- shortly ciliate (about half the width of segments) on ilar to that of B. terrella. underside, pale brown, mottled with ochre. Head ochreous, frons lighter; thorax and tegula as forewing. Material examined. – 9 , 9 , including 14 genitalia Forewing dark ochreous grey; first plical indistinct, preparations. – : 1 spec. – : 7 spec. – : 2 spec. – : 8 spec. A detailed list is giv- first discal well beyond second plical; tornal and en by Elsner & Karsholt (2003). costal spots pale ochreous, fused to form an indistinct angulated fascia; subapical area irrorate with dark brown scales, termen lined with small patches of Bryotropha purpurella (Zetterstedt) black scales; fringes light brown. Hindwing near to (figs. 37, 157, 158, 229, 273, 369, 404) unicolorous greyish brown; cilia concolorous with yellow tips. Lita purpurella Zetterstedt, 1839: 1004. Lectotype (here : Female. Wingspan 13-14 mm. Similar to male, but designated): Rusele; (‘28 Jun, omned; L. pur- purella Zett – , [illegeble]; Lectotype Lita purpurella with a paler, more ochreous ground colour. Labial Zetterstedt, 1839, O. Karsholt design. 2002’) () [ex- palpus pale ochreous with only few pale brown scales. amined]. Antenna without ciliae on lower surface, brown Gelechia flavipalpella Nylander in Tengström, 1848: 127. ringed with ochreous. Lectotype (here designated): : Helsinki; Variation. The specimens examined show little (‘H:fors; Coll. Nyldr; Mus. Zool. H:fors, Spec. typ. No. variation. 7060, Gelechia flavipalpella Tngstr.; Lectotype Gelechia flavipalpella Nylander, 1848, O. Karsholt design. 2002’) Similar species. B. patockai is most similar to () [examined]. B. plantariella, which has the inside of the labial pal- pa more bright ochreous and the stigmata (especially the second discal) on the forewing more prominent. Diagnosis Male genitalia (figs. 155, 156, 228). Uncus large, Small species with purplish black forewing and broadly rounded, base without socii. Gnathos heavy bright ochreous labial palpus. with wide dorsal groove, base curved, distal part with The bright ochreous labial palpus contrasting with dorsal extension, apex sharp, slightly hooked. Vincu- an otherwise uniformly black colour, separates lum with microtrichia. Tube of aedeagus initially B. purpurella from other blackish Bryotropha species. with strong downward curve. For similar Asian taxa see below under remarks. Female genitalia (figs. 272, 368). Segment VIII B. plantariella, q. v. dorsally broadly concave to almost sub-rectangular invaginated, with weak median tongue; ventrally with Description narrow invagination until ⅓. Distal end of ventral Adult (fig. 37). Wingspan 10-12 mm. Labial pal- groove marked by sclerotized tongue. Lamella post- pus bright ochreous; tip of segment 3 dark fuscous. vaginalis and microtrichia absent. Antrum distinctly Antenna dark fuscous, indistinctly lighter ringed. triangular. Signum rather small and remarkably nar- Frons fuscous mixed with ochreous; vertex, thorax row; length 3 times width; with two transverse folds, and tegula concolorous with forewing. Forewing uni- densely set with spikes. formly dark fuscous to black with purple tinge; plical and discal stigma not discernible; cilia blackish grey.
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Hindwing dark grey, darker towards apex, cilia con- both B. parapurpurella and B. elegantula has a clear colorous. dorsal extension. These newly described species are Variation. In some specimens the outer surface of very alike and it is possible that B. elegantula and the labial palpus is mottled with blackish brown. B. parapurpurella are conspecific. Specimens from south Russia have a very dark red- dish brown forewing. Apart from that the material Material examined. – 81 spec., including 11 genitalia preparations. – : 14 spec. – : 7 spec. – - examined shows almost no variation. Male genitalia. (figs. 157, 158, 229). Uncus long, : 33 spec. – : 24 spec. – : 3 spec. spatulate, strongly widening, apex straight, base with- out socii. Gnathos heavy, with dorsal groove and Bryotropha tachyptilella (Rebel) sharp 90 degree bend at ⅓, base with microtrichia, (figs. 38, 39, 120, 159, 160, 230, 274, 370, 405) distal part with strongly hooked apex. Sacculus sickle- shaped. Lita tachyptilella Rebel, 1916: (44). Lectotype (here : Female genitalia (figs. 273, 369). Segment VIII designated): Burgas, 10.vi.1910, leg. P. Tschorbadjiew; (‘P. 10.6.10, P. Tschorb; Lita tachyp- dorsally weakly concave, ventrally with narrow exca- tilella Rbl type ; Lectotype , Bryotropha tachyptilella vation to halfway. Distal end of ventral groove (Rebel), teste A.L.M. Rutten 29.4.1999’) () marked by small sclerotized U-shaped rim. Lamella [examined]. postvaginalis and microtrichia absent. Signum twice as long as wide, with stout outward pointing spikes on corners. Diagnosis Medium-sized species with well developed stigmata Biology contrasting with the ochreous grey central part of the The early stages are unknown. Adults have been forewing. collected in June and July. Altitudinal range from sea Similar to B. italica, q. v. level to 1000 m in Scandinavia, up to 2200 m, how- ever, in the Altai Mts. Description Adult (figs. 38, 39). Wingspan 14-15 mm. Labial Distribution (fig. 404) palpus creamy white to pale ochreous on inside, mot- Found in the north part of the Palaearctic: tled with fuscous on outside, tip of segment 3 pale Norway, Sweden, Finland, Latvia and Russia. yellow. Antenna fuscous ringed ochreous. Head, tho- rax and tegula concolorous with forewing; frons Remarks slightly lighter. Forewing dark ochreous grey, in cen- Lita purpurella was described from an unstated tral part mixed with large quantities of pale ochreous number of females found between 23 and 26 June and ochreous grey, base with black spots on costa and near Lycksele and Rusele in Swedish Lapland (Zetter- tornus; plical and discal stigmata very prominent; stedt 1839). From two mould-covered females in the first discal above or slightly beyond second plical, oc- a lectotype was selected (see above). casionally fused; costal and tornal patches pale ochre- Gelechia flavipalpella was described from an unstat- ous, fused to form a moderately distinct fascia with ed number of specimens collected in June and July in sharply angulated outwards bend; subapical area with Helsinki (‘Helsingforsiae’) and Oulu (‘Ulaburgi’) in many black scales; cilia with distinct ciliary lines and Finland (Nylander in Tengström 1848: 128). yellow tips. Hindwing pale ochreous brown, darker Tengström included Nylander´s description in his towards apex, cilia concolorous with yellow tips. paper, but stated in a footnote that in his opinion Variation. A constant species with individual spec- flavipalpella was conspecific with purpurella. From a imens occasionally slightly paler or darker due to a series of four syntypes in an unset specimen in slight variation in the colour and extend of the light good condition is here selected as the lectotype (see areas on the forewing. above). Male genitalia (figs. 159, 160, 230). Uncus long, Recently two very close relatives of B. purpurella spatulate, slightly widening, apex straight, base with- have been described almost simultaneously from Chi- out socii. Gnathos heavy and bulbous, with mi- na: Qinghai Province (B. elegantula Li & Zheng crotrichia-covered base, large dorsal protrusion, with 1997) and Siberia: Transbaikalia (B. parapurpurella long and slender ventral extension ending in sharp Bidzilya, 1998) (Bidzylia et al. 1998). These new taxa apex with weak inward curve. Sacculus sickle-shaped. resemble B. purpurella in size, but have more distinct Aedeagus with apex often slightly curled. Similar to wing markings and the labial palpi less brightly yel- B. italica q. v. low. In the male genitalia the only difference from Female genitalia (figs. 120, 274, 370). Segment B. purpurella is the shape of the gnathos, which in VIII dorsally weakly concave with weak median
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tongue, ventrally with rectangular excavation to ⅓. Bassi Spedizione Monte Pollino 1991, 11.-12.vii, m. Lamella postvaginalis and microtrichia absent. 1300, Versante Lucano (PZ) Timpa del Demonio, Antrum about as long as wide. Signum with two collectione G. Bassi (). – Paratypes: 12 , 11 : transverse folds, densely covered with tiny spikes. : 1 , 7 Abruzzo, Ovindoli 1400 m, Differs from the closely related B. italica in the much 3-13.vii.1959, Gross, gen. slides : R0504, : shorter antrum and completely different signum. R0503 (); 1 , 1 , Abruzzo, Rocca de Mezzo 1300 m, 7.vii.1959, Gross, gen. slide : AR0478 Biology (); 1 , Calabria, Librassa Manois, Sila, The early stages are unknown. Adults have been 20.vi.1972, S. Zangheri (); 1 , Calabria, Sila, collected from May to July with a single specimen in 18.vi.1972, S. Zangheri, gen. slide AR0335 (); early September. Altitudinal range up to 1250 m. 1 , Calabria, Sila Grande, Lorica, 1315 m, 28-30.vi.1984, G. Bassi, gen. slide AR0334 (); Distribution (fig. 405) 2 , Calabria, Sila Grande, Silvana Mansio, 1550 m, A local species of central and south-east Europe 13.viii.1998, A. Hausmann (); 1 , Gran Sasso, and south-west Asia: Slovakia, Hungary, Romania Fonte Cerveto 1300 m, W. Sauter, gen. slide (Kovács & Kovács 1999), Bulgaria, Greece, Turkey, GP7727 (); 1 , Lazio, Saracinesco, 26.vi.1970, Ukraine. Records from Italy (Elsner et al. 1999) refer J. Klimesch (); 1 , Lucania, Monticchio, Valle to B. italica. dell’Ofanto, 300 m, 22.v.1966, F. Hartig (); 1 , Lucania, Mt. Pollino, Sopra Civita, 1100 m Remarks 10.vii.1991, G. Baldizzone (); 1 , 1 , Lucania, Lita tachyptilella was described from two males col- Mt. Pollino, Timpa del Dimonio, 1200 m, lected by Pierre Tschorbadjiew 10.vi. and 13.vi.1910 11.vii.1991, G. Baldizzone, gen. slide : HH2358 at Burgas in Bulgaria. The first mentioned specimen (); 1 , Lucania, Mt. Vulture, Laghi di Montic- is present in the and is here published as lecto- chio, 750 m, 12.vi.1967, F. Hartig (); 1 , type (see above). Budashkin & Piskunov (1990) trans- ibid., 30.v.1966. ferred tachyptilella to Bryotropha. Diagnosis Material examined. – 24 , 13 . – : 1 , Black Medium-sized species with well developed stig- Sea coast, Arkutino, 25.v-15.vi.1980, F. Eichler ( ); 1 , mata contrasting with the ochreous central part of the Burgas, 10.vi.1910, P. Tsitiork (); 1 , Peben(?), 10.vi.1910, Lakatarsis, Rebel, gen. slide Mus.Vind. Gen. forewing. Präp. 1488 (); 1 , Pirin Mts., Sandanski, Liljanova, 800 Very similar to B. tachyptilella, but more vivid due m, 26.v-21.vi.1981, F. Eichler (); 1 , Simontoruga, to the contrast between the near to black ground Slug. oi Pillich, 31.v.1920 (); 1 , Sliven, 10.v.1913, colour and the large patches of ochreous on the gen. slide BM6252 (). – : 1 , Evro, 35 km N forewing; B. tachyptilella has a dark ochreous grey Alexandropolis, near Kirki, 500 m, 8.vii.1986, H. Fibiger ground colour. In B. italica the forewing has a single (); 1 , Menikion, Kapnophiton, 600 m, 4-5.ix.1991, M. Fibiger, gen. slide HH2357 (). – : 1 , large black basal blotch and (when present) a more or Aba, 6-27.vii.1996, Lozsa, gen. slide gen4047 (); 1 , less straight fascia; in B. tachyptilella the forewing has Nyfr near Kecskemét, 28.v-5.vi.1937, J. Klimesch (). two small black spots on costa and tornus near the – : 1 , Dobrogea, Mt. Macin, Culmea Pricopanu- base, and a sharply angulated fascia. The distribution lui, 27-28.v.1994, S. & Z. Kovacs (). – : 1 , areas of the two species do not overlap. B. sutteri q. v. Komárno, 20.vi.1985, Pastoralis (). – : 1 , 2 , Akshehir, 1000 m, 21-30.vi.1963, H. Noack, gen. slide R0509 (); 1 , ibid., 4.vi.1963; 2 , 1 , Celticki, Description Kizilcahamam, 4.vi.1970, J. Klimesch (); 1 , Elazig, Adult (fig. 40). Wingspan 13-14 mm. Labial pal- Hasa lake, NW shore, 1250 m, 11-12.vi.1974, Gross, gen. pus ochreous on inside of segment 2, weakly mottled slide R0511 (); 1 , Isparta, Tasevi, 925 m, 22.vi.1996, with brown on outside; segment 3 brown with yellow F. Schepler (); 2 , 1 , Kizilcahamam, 925 m, tip. Antenna fuscous, indistinctly ringed ochreous. 17.vi.1968, M & W Glaser ( ); 6 , 1 , ibid., Head, thorax and tegula concolorous with forewing; 18.vi.1968, gen. slides : R0548, R0549, : R0550 (); 2 , Kizilcahamam, 29.vi-5.vii.1970, Pinker (). frons ochreous. Forewing dark fuscous with large – : 1 , Crimea, Karadagh, 10.vi.1991, Yu. Budashkin quantities of pale ochreous and light grey scales in (); 1 ibid., 18.vii.1992; 2 , Crimea, Karadagh Nature central part; distinct large black blotch at extreme Reservation, 4.vi.1997, E. Rutjan, gent. R0510 (). base; plical and discal stigmata well developed, strongly contrasting against pale ochreous back- ground; first discal above or marginally beyond Bryotropha italica sp. n. second plical, sometimes fused; costal and tornal (figs. 40, 121, 161, 162, 231, 275, 371, 405) patches ochreous and well developed, sometimes Type material. – Holotype : : Baldizzone- fused to form a fascia; subapical area very dark; cilia
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dark grey, with distinct ciliary line and pale yellow (female) forewing, the termen lined with black scales. tip. Hindwing greyish brown, darker towards apex; The smooth, glossy, unicolorous forewing with its cilia concolorous with yellow tips. contrasting edging of black scales in the termen dis- Variation. A slight variation in the extent of the tinguish males of B. politella from weakly marked light areas on the forewing can make individual spec- forms of B. desertella and B. terrella. B. aliterrella, q. v. imens appear darker or lighter. Male genitalia (figs. 161, 162, 231). Uncus long, Description spatulate, slightly widening, apex straight, base Adult (figs. 41, 42). Sexual dimorphism pro- without socii. Gnathos heavy and bulbous, with nounced. Male. Wingspan 12-16 mm. Labial palpus microtrichia-covered base, large dorsal protrusion, yellow grey on inside, mottled with fuscous on out- with long and slender ventral extension ending in side. Antenna shortly ciliated, fuscous. Head thorax sharp apex with weak S-curve. Sacculus sickle-shaped. and tegula concolorous with forewing. Forewing Aedeagus with apex often slightly curled. Only to be glossy brownish grey; plical and discal stigmata indis- confused with B. tachyptilella, most easily separated tinct; costal and tornal spots usually not discernible; by the apex of the gnathos which has a tiny inward subapical area concolorous with rest of wing; termen curve in B. tachyptilella but a clear S-curve in lined with black scales; cilia grey, with several ciliary B. italica (arrowheads in figs. 159, 161). lines. Hindwing grey, slightly darker towards apex, Female genitalia (figs. 121, 275, 371). Segment cilia concolorous. Female. Wingspan 13-15 mm. VIII dorsally weakly concave with weak median Labial palpus ochreous, weakly to heavily suffused tongue, ventrally with rectangular excavation to ½. with fuscous on outside. Antenna dark brown, ringed Lamella postvaginalis and microtrichia absent. light ochreous. Head, thorax and tegula concolorous Antrum twice as long as wide. Signum small sub-oval, with forewing, frons lighter. Forewing pale ochreous, the corners with 4 stout outward pointing spikes. mottled with brownish grey; plical and discal stigma- Similar species: B. tachyptilella q. v. ta rather prominent, first discal usually elongate; costal and tornal patches fused to form a hardly Biology discernible fascia with outward bend; subapical area The early stages are unknown. The houses a slightly irrorate with pale brown scales; termen lined specimen which, according to its label, was bred from with small groups of dark scales; cilia yellow grey with Melandrium album (Caryophyllaceae, K. Sattler in indistinct cilia line. Hindwing grey, cilia concolorous litt.), but it is uncertain whether the larvae actually with faint ciliary line. fed on that plant. Adults have been collected from Variation. Individual variation weak. Specimens late May to middle of July. Altitudinal range from from France are slightly larger that those from 300 to 1550 m with most recordings above 1000 m. Britain. Male genitalia (figs. 163, 164, 232). Uncus large, Distribution (fig. 405) broadly rounded, base without socii. Gnathos heavy Only known from Italy. with dorsal protrusion; basal part with microtrichia, curved with characteristic sharp bend at ⅔. Valva Remarks very broad, length 2 times width. Sacculus absent. A very close relative of tachyptilella and may be Aedeagus with dorsal thorn on bulbous base. evolved due to geographical isolation. Only to be separated from B. aliterrella by the shape of the gnathos (see arrowheads in figs. 163, 165). Etymology B. nupponeni q. v. The name of this species refers to the country of Female genitalia (figs. 276, 372). Segment VIII origin. dorsally strongly concave, ventrally with tapering excavation to halfway. Lamella postvaginalis and mi- crotrichia absent. Signum small, with two transverse Bryotropha politella (Stainton) folds, densely set with spikes. The very small signum (figs. 41, 42, 163, 164, 232, 276, 372, 406) in combination with the deep invagination with Gelechia politella Stainton, 1851: 4. : Cum- tapering margins are characteristic. bria, Skiddaw, vi.1846, leg. H. T. Stainton. Type ma- terial not traced. Gelechia expolitella Doubleday, 1859: 30. See remarks below. Biology Larva with head black, prothoracic plate yellow- brown, body purplish brown, with a reddish brown, Diagnosis paler-edged medial line, anal plate pale yellow. It lives Medium-sized to large species with near to plain in a silken tube amongst the moss Rhytidiadelphus glossy greyish brown (male) or glossy ochreous grey squarrosus (Hedw.) Warnst., between grass (Heckford
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& Sterling 2003). Adults fly from late May to late D.[el] Esp.[ino], Cast., 1600 m 2.vii.1934, leg. H. Reiss- er; (‘Gelechia aliterrella, Type Rbl; Lectotype , July. Altitudinal range from sea level in Great Britain Gelechia aliterrella Rebel, teste K. Sattler, 1958; Mus. and Ireland to 1800 m in France. Vind. Gen. Präp. 3027 ; Genitalia: K. Sattler 244c’) () [examined]. Distribution (fig. 406) Rare and local in Ireland (K. Bond, pers. com.), very rare and local also in England (P. Sterling, pers. Diagnosis com.), but common in Scotland (K. Bland, pers. Medium-sized to large species with smooth pale com.). Otherwise only known from the Massif Cen- ochreous grey (male) or smooth dark ochreous tral in France. A specimen in the with label (female) forewing. ‘Cannes’ may be mislabelled. A record from Belgium Resembles B. politella, but differs from the latter by (Fologne 1869) is most likely based on misidentifi- the distinctly ochreous labial palpus and the more cation (De Prins in litt.). ochreous forewing. The same features immediately separate B. aliterrella from other large Bryotropha Remarks species like B. terrella and B. desertella. Gelechia politella was a manuscript name by Douglas, which was made available by Stainton, who Description collected this species in June 1846 ‘rather common Adult (figs. 44, 45). Sexual dimorphism pro- … among heather’ in Great Britain, Cumbria, Skid- nounced. Male. Wingspan 12-16 mm. Labial palpus daw. There are 19 specimens under B. politella in the pale yellow, slightly darker on outside. Antenna with Stainton part of the British Lepidoptera collection in short cilia, dark fuscous. Head, thorax and tegula the , most of them from 1883-84, one from concolorous with forewing. Forewing glossy brown- 1871 and six specimens without exact data, none of ish grey; plical and discal stigmata usually absent; which are with certainty referable to the type series. costal and tornal patches absent; subapical area con- However, these specimens agree with the current con- colorous with rest of wing; termen lined with black cept of B. politella. scales; cilia concolorous with dark ciliary line andyel- Gelechia expolitella Doubleday is an unnecessary re- low tips. Hindwing greyish brown, cilia concolorous placement name for Gelechia politella Stainton (cited with yellow tips. Female. Wingspan 13-15 mm. Labi- as ‘politella, Dougl.’), which Doubleday considered al palpus bright ochreous, slightly darker on outside. preoccupied by politella Ochsenheimer, a species of Antenna dark fuscous ringed ochreous. Vertex, tho- Psychidae. rax and tegula concolorous with forewing, frons lighter. Forewing ochreous, plical and discal stigmata Material examined. – 13 , 21 . – : 1 , Cannes, very indistinct; subapical area slightly mottled with coll. De Joannis ( ); 6 , 1 , Mt. Dore, 6.vii, coll. De brown and black; sometimes a very indistinct fascia; Joannis () 1 , Plomb du Cantal, 1800 m, 3.vii.1923 (). – : 1 , Angus, The Scorrie, termen lines with dark scales; cilia concolorous with 8.vii.1995, K. Bland, gen. slide R0427 (); 1 , single ciliary line and yellow tips. Hindwing grey, Aviemore, 30.vi.1908, E. R. Banks (); 1 , Perths, cilia concolorous. Straloch, 24.vi.1995, K. Bland, gen. slide R0336 (); Variation. Individual variation weak. Some female 1 , Perths, Trinafour, 16.vii.1993, K. Bland, gen. slide specimens are slightly more contrasting, having a R0426 ( ); 1 , Stroud, 24.vi.1934, R. Fletcher small, but distinct, second discal and an ill defined (); 1 , Walsingham coll. (); 1 , Norfolk, Mer- ton, 18.vi.1890, Durrant, Walsingham coll. (); 2 , fascia. ibid., 26.vi.1891; 2 , 19.iv(?).1849, Walsingham coll., gen Male genitalia (figs. 165, 166, 233). Uncus large, slide BM13.769 (); 1 , Marlborough, 22.vi.1893 broadly rounded, base without socii. Gnathos heavy; (); 1 , 1891, Salvage Forres, Leech (); 1 , basal part with microtrichia, curved; distal part Perths, Porres, 1888, Leech 62081, Walsingham coll. with dorsal protrusion. Valva very broad, length ( ); 1 , Meyrick coll, ( ); 3 , gen slide 2 times width. Sacculus absent. Aedeagus with dorsal BM13.769 (); 1 , 1 , Hofman coll., gen slide BM13.789 (); 2 , 2 , slides : AR0046, AR0050, thorn on bulbous base. Differs from B. politella in the : AR0048, AR0049 (). – : 1 , Co. Derry, shape of the basal part of the gnathos which is gradu- 1893, Leech 62182, Walsingham coll. (). ally curved in B. aliterrella but with a sharp bend in B. politella (arrowheads in figs. 163, 165). In B. nupponeni the basal part of the gnathos is only weakly curved while the base of the valva carries a Bryotropha aliterrella (Rebel) small but distinct thorn (arrowhead in figs. 167, 234). (figs. 44, 45, 165, 166, 233, 277, 373, 406) Female genitalia (figs. 277, 373). Apophyses poste- Gelechia aliterrella Rebel, 1935: 13. Lectotype (published riores and anteriores exceptionally long. Segment : by Sattler (1960)): S. [Sierra de] Gredos, Hoyos VIII distinctly elongate, dorsally strongly concave,
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ventrally with narrow excavation to ¾. Lamella post- Diagnosis vaginalis and microtrichia absent. Signum small, with Small species with pale yellow labial palpus, dark two transverse folds and densely set with mi- head and uniformly fuscous brown forewing. crotrichia. Strongly resembling unicolorous black forms of B. similis. B. nupponeni is slightly larger though and Biology lacks the glossy shine that characterizes B. similis. The early stages are unknown. Adults have been collected in July. Altitudinal range from 1600 to Description 1800 m. Adult (fig. 43). Wingspan 12-13 mm. Male. Labi- al palpus light yellow on inside, heavily mottled with Distribution (fig. 406) brown on outside, especially on segment 2. Antenna Only known from a few sites in Central Spain. nearly plain black. Head, thorax and tegula concolor- ous with forewing. Forewing fuscous brown; plical Remarks and discal stigma very indistinct, first discal beyond Gelechia aliterrella was described from two males second plical; costal and tornal patches absent; cilia collected by Reisser on 2 July 1934 in Spain, Sierra de dark grey. Hindwing pale fuscous, darker towards Gredos, Hoyos del Espino (Rebel 1935). apex, cilia concolorous. Female. Similar to male, but forewing slightly paler; plical and discal stigma more Material examined. – 16 , 18 . – : 1 , Avila, distinct; faint tornal and costal patches discernable. Hoyos del Espino, 18.vii.1985, C. Gielis, gen. slide R0459 Variation. Apart from the slight sexual dimor- (); 8 , 3 , Avila, Sierra de Gredos, Garganta de las Pozas, 1800 m, 9.vii.1970, K. Sattler (); 2 , 4 , phism the examined specimens show no variation. ibid., 10.vii.1970, gen. slides : BM16.358, : BM16.357 Male genitalia (figs. 167, 168, 234). Uncus large, (); 1 , 1 , ibid., 10.vii.1970, gen. slide : AR0481 broad rounded sub-triangular, base without socii. (); 3 , ibid., 11.vii.1970 (); 3 , 4 , Avila, Gnathos heavy; basal part with microtrichia, weakly Sierra de Gredos, 15 km SSW Hoyos del Espino, 1720 m, curved; distal part with weak dorsal protrusion. Valva 27-28.vii.1981, M. Fibiger, gen. slide : HH2464 ( ); very broad, length 2 times width. Sacculus present in 1 , Teruel, Bronchales, 1500 m, 25-30.vii.1981, A. Cox & M. Prick, gen. slide HH3256 (); 1 , Teruel, Orihuela, shape of sclerotized thorn at base of valva (arrowheads 27.vii.1981, A. Cox & M. Prick (); 1 , Teruel, Sierra in fig. 167, 234). Aedeagus with dorsal thorn on bul- Alta, 10.vii.1985, C. Gielis, gen. slide R0460 (); 1 , bous base. The distinct thorn at the base of the valva Teruel, Sierra Alta, 1600 m, 15.vii.1979, E. Arenberger, distinguishes B. nupponeni from B. politella and gen. slide AR0157 (). B. aliterrella. Female genitalia (figs. 278, 374). Segment VIII dorsally strongly concave, ventrally with narrow exca- Bryotropha nupponeni sp. n. vation to 3/5. Ventral groove with folds. Lamella post- (figs. 43, 167, 168, 234, 278, 374, 406) vaginalis and microtrichia absent. Signum small, with Type material. – Holotype : : S-Ural, two transverse folds, densely set with spikes. Resem- Cheljabinsk district, Arkaim res., near Amurskii vil- bles B. desertella but differs in the much smaller lage, 14-19.vi.1996, K. Nupponen, J-P. Kaitila, signum. J. Junnilainen, M. Ahola, gen. slide AR0592 (, can be loaned through ). – Paratypes, 9 , 2 : Biology : 1 , S-Ural, Cheljabinsk oblast, Arkaim res., The early stages are unknown. Adults have been near Amurskii village 9.vii.1997, J-P. Kaitila, gen. collected in June and July at low altitudes. slide AR598 (); 1 , ibid., 8.vii.1997, K. Nup- ponen & J. Junnilainen, gen. slide AR0597; 2 , 1 , Distribution (fig. 406) ibid., 9.vii.1997, K. Nupponen & J. Junnilainen, Only known from a few districts in the south-Ural gen. slide : AR0621; 2 , S-Ural, Orenburg oblast, region in Russia. Donskoje village 6km W Mt. Verblushka, 11.vi.1998, T. & K. Nupponen, gen. slide AR0600 Remarks (); 1 , ibid., Ural river shore steppe, The closest relatives of B. nupponeni are without 10-12.vi.1998, J. Junnilainen ();1 , S-Ural, doubt B. politella and B. aliterrella. This is remarkable Orenburg oblast, Kuvandyk 12 km S, 16.vi.1998, considering the large distance between the popula- T. & K. Nupponen (); 1 , S-Ural, Cheljabinsk tions of the latter two species and B. nupponeni. These oblast, Ajat river near Nikolaevka village, 3.vii.1997, three species moreover have very limited distribution J-P. Kaitila, gen. slide AR0590 (); 1 , S-Ural, areas in common compared with most other Baschkira, Bajmak 15 km E, 17.vi.1998, T. & K. Bryotropha species. Nupponen ().
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127 128 129
Figs. 127-129. Variation in the distal end of the ventral groove in Bryotropha terrella recorded by . – 127, slide R0387; 128, slide AR0411; 129, slide R0484
Etymology Holotype : : Mons, 5.vii.1936, leg. M. Le Named in honour of Mr. K. Nupponen who pro- G. Quignon [not examined]. vided us with the type series of this new species. Bryotropha terrella ab. joannisi Dufrane, 1938: 181. Holo- type : : Frameries, 13.vi.1905, leg. A. Dufrane [not examined]. Bryotropha terrella ([Denis & Schiffermüller]) Bryotropha terrella ab. rufa Dufrane, 1938: 182. Holotype (figs. 3, 9, 46-50, 127-129, 176, 177, 240, 282, : : Frameries, 9.vi.1930, leg. A. Dufrane [not examined]. 379, 407) Bryotropha terrella ab. ochrea Dufrane, 1938: 182: Holotype Tinea terrella [Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775: 140. : : Frameries, 19.vii.1935, leg. A. Dufrane [not Syntypes [number and sex not stated]: : Vienna examined]. district [lost]. Tinea inulella Hübner, [1805]: pl.41, fig. 286. Syntypes [number and sex not stated]: : Bayern, Augs- Diagnosis burg [lost]. Large unspectacular, somewhat speckled, ochreous Nothris pauperella Hübner, [1825]: 411. Syntypes [number brown species with weak wing markings. and sex not stated]: : Bayern, Augsburg [lost]. Similar to B. politella, B. desertella, B. sattleri, Gelechia latella Herrich-Schäffer, 1854: 174, pl. 69, fig. 513. B. arabica, B. wolschrijni q. v. Holotype : : Vienna district, v., leg. J. Mann, genitalia slide no. 7125 () [examined]. Gelechia lutescens Constant, 1865: 196, pl. 7, fig. 12. Lecto- Description type (published by Viette (1950)): : Landes, Adult (figs. 3, 46-50). Wingspan 13-17 mm. Labi- Dax, leg. Constant (‘Gelechia lutescens (Const) (Dax); al palpus pale yellow on the inside, mottled with fus- Type; 20.6.63; 1911 Coll. La Faury Museum Paris; teste cous on the outside. Antenna fuscous, ringed ochre- lecto-typus Povolny´, Gelechia lutescens Constant; ous. Vertex, thorax and tegula concolorous with Gelechia lutescens Const.; Ann Soc. entom. Fr. 1865. p.198 (Landes) [abdomen lost]’) () [examined]. forewing; frons lighter. Forewing mixed brown, Gelechia suspectella Heinemann, 1870: 202. Holotype : ochreous brown and fuscous; discal and plical stigma : Sachsen, Oberlausitz, Krönföstchen, weakly developed, first discal slightly beyond second 14.vii.1866, leg. Möschler, genitalia slide no. 360d, Sat- plical; costal and tornal patches fused to form narrow tler () [not examined]. sharply bent fascia; subapical area irrorate with dark Bryotropha alpicolella Heinemann, 1870: 235. Holotype : scales, termen lined with black scales; cilia concolor- : Alps., vii., leg. Wocke, genitalia slide no. 13885 (); (‘Oesterrch. Alpen, 7. 48 Mn.; Alpen Juli 848.; 71; ous, with several cilia lines and pale yellow tips. coll. Wocke; Holotype , Bryotropha alpicolella Hein., Hindwing grey, darker towards apex, cilia with sever- teste K.Sattler, 1988; Holotypus Bryotropha alpicolella al rather indistinct cilia lines and pale yellow tips. Hein., Prep. No. 13885 ’) () [examined]. Variation. The colour of the forewing varies from Gelechia distinctella var. tenebrosella Teich, 1886: pale ochreous to dark greyish brown. Stigmata indis- : 170. Lectotype (designated by Sattler (1992)): tinct to distinct occasionally followed by indistinct near Riga, mid.vii.1985, leg. Teich () [not exam- ined]. streaks of light scales. On Sardinia a very peculiar Bryotropha terrella var. sardoterrella Schawerda, 1936: 80. form occurs with a more or less well developed irreg- Syntypes [number and sex not stated]: : Sardinia, ular black median streak (fig. 50). Aritzo, 10.ix.1934 (or 1935), leg. Pretoda. Type material Male genitalia (figs. 176, 177, 240). Uncus large, not traced. broadly rounded. Socii very small with 1 or 2 setae. Bryotropha terrella ab. quignoni Dufrane, 1938: 181. Gnathos heavy with dorsal groove, base with
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microtrichia, long characteristic S-shaped apex. Sac- specimens from Sardinia, sardoterrella may deserve culus present but remarkably small. Vinculum with the status as a subspecies of B. terrella. The genitalia microtrichia, posterior margin with weak bend at 1/5 of sardoterrella do not differ from those of B. terrella. and protrusion at 4/5. The type material is supposed to be in the , but Female genitalia (figs. 127-129, 282, 379). Seg- we were unable to locate it there. ment VIII dorsally strongly concave with heavily scle- Bryotropha terrella ab. quignoni Dufrane, B. terrella rotized rim, ventrally with small excavation. Ventral ab. joannisi Dufrane, B. terrella ab. rufa Dufrane and groove folded and very narrow, with some variation B. terrella ab. ochrea Dufrane were described as aber- in distal end (figs. 127-129). Lamella postvaginalis rations to name colour forms of B. terrella from Bel- and microtrichia absent. Antrum very large, triangu- gium. These names are of infrasubspecific rank and lar and heavily sclerotized. Signum large, with two are unavailable after the Code ( 1999). transverse folds, densely set with spikes. Brushing away some scales from the terminal abdominal Material examined: 3030 spec., including 127 genitalia - segment of the females usually reveals the heavily scle- preparations. – : 3 spec. – : 155 spec. – : 9 spec. – : 4 spec. –: 13 spec. – - rotized concave dorsal rim and the absence of a deep : 1 spec. – : 28 spec. – : 615 invagination on the ventral side of segment VIII that spec. – : 4 spec. – : 311 spec. – : characterize B. terrella. 585 spec. – : 7 spec. – : 8 spec. – - : 24 spec.- : 2 spec. – : 87 spec. – : Biology 2 spec. – : 4 spec. – : 10 spec. – - The biology has been described in detail by Heck- : 6 spec. – : 930 spec. – : 5 spec. – : 30 spec. – : 3 spec. – : ford (1999) and Sterling & Heckford (2001). The 6 spec. – : 13 spec. – : 42 spec. – : larva has a black head, the prothoracic plate yellow- 1 spec. – : 1 spec. – : 6 spec. – : brown with large black areas and the body dull red- 12 spec. – : 58 spec. – : 15 spec. – - dish brown with a rather indistinct dorsal line. The : 18 spec. – : 11 spec. – : 3 spec. caterpillar, which is figured in colour by Heckford (1999), lives in a silken gallery between the mosses Bryotropha sattleri Nel, 2003 Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus (Hedw.), Syntrichia rurali- (figs. 51-54, 178, 179, 241, 242, 283, 378, 408) formis (Besch.), Hypnum jutlandicum (Holmen & E. Warncke), Calliergonella cuspidata (Hedw.) and the Bryotropha sattleri Nel, 2003: 47. Holotype : : grass Agrostis capillaris L. and has been observed to eat Bouches-du-Rhône, Salins-de-Badon, 22.v.1994, leg. J. Nel, genitalia slide JN 1194 (coll. J. Nel) [not examined]. both mosses and grasses (Snellen 1882: 643, Sterling Bryotropha arabica Amsel; Nel, 1997: 218. Misidentifica- & Heckford 2001: 146-147). Adults have been col- tion. lected from May to September. Altitudinal range from sea level up to 1700 m. Diagnosis Distribution (fig. 407) Large species with indistinctly marked brown Widespread throughout Europe where B. terrella forewing and pale hindwing. probably is the most common gelechiid species, and Very similar to B. terrella and B. desertella but usu- south-east Asia. Also recorded from Far East Russia ally separated from these by the paler hindwing. This (Omelko 1999: 169); absent from North Africa. character difference is not always clear-cut and exam- ination of genitalia can be inevitable. Specimens with Remarks a clear grey tinge are always B. sattleri. Dark forms of The type material of terrella and its synonyms (ex- B. figulella have the apices of the hindwing more cept sardoterrella and the forms described by darkened. B. arabica, B. wolschrijni q. v. Dufrane) were discussed in detail by Sattler (1992) and is not repeated here. Description Bryotropha terrella var. sardoterrella Schawerda was Adult (figs. 51-54). Wingspan 14-16 mm. Labial described from an unstated number of specimens col- palpus fuscous white to pale ochreous, mottled with lected by K. Predota on 10 September 1934 or 1935 fuscous on outside, segment 3 darker than segment 2. near Aritzo in Sardinia, Italy (Schawerda 1936). In Antenna fuscous indistinctly ringed ochreous. Head, the original description sardoterrella was marked with thorax and tegula as forewing; frons lighter. Forewing ‘***’ to indicate that the taxon had been described by pale grey to ochreous brown; base with indistinct Rebel (1936) (Schawerda 1936: 61-62). However, basal spot followed by indistinct dark costal and tor- sardoterrella is not among the new species from Sar- nal blotches; plical and discal stigmata rather indis- dinia in Rebel´s paper. Since the irregular, black me- tinct, first discal slightly beyond second plical; costal dian streak on the forewings is exclusively found in and tornal patches ochreous brown and fused to form
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indistinct fascia with sharp outward bend; termen 2 , Cannes, gen. slides OK1959, HH3898 (). lined with black scales; cilia grey-brown, with several – : 1 , Lakonia, 5 km S Monemvasia, 1 x.1987, , ciliary lines and yellow tips. Hindwing pale brown, O. Lomholdt, gen. slide HH2312 ( ); : 1 , Skala Kallonis, 2.vi.1987, M. Hull (); 1 , ibid., darker towards apex; cilia concolorous with one or 30.v.1987; 1 , 2 , ibid., 31.v.1995; 1 , ibid., 25.v.1995; more ciliary lines and yellow tips. 1 , ibid., 29.v.1995, gen. slide AR0350; 1 , ibid., Variation. The colour of the forewing varies from 19.v.1995. – : 1 , Calabria, Capo Trionto, dark ochreous grey, brown to dark greyish brown, oc- 27.vi.1986, Bassi, (); 1 , Lazio, Fregene, 9.v.1938, casionally with a weak orange-brown tinge on the F. Hartig (); 1 , ibid., (); 2 , Lazio, Roma Ostia, apex and cilia. Some specimens have a weak indica- Dazio, 10.v.1962, F. Hartig ( ); 1 , Toscana, Grosse- to, 4.v.1893, Walsingham, gen. slide BM13.762 (); tion of a dark median streak. The stigmata and fascia 1 , ibid., 5.v.1893, gen. slide BM13.771. – : 1 , vary from distinct to (nearly) invisible. Tangier, 2.v.1902, Walsingham, gen. slide BM13.768 Male genitalia (figs. 178, 179, 241, 242). Uncus (). – : 1 , 1 , Alentejo, Arronches, Hortas large, broadly rounded, base without socii. Gnathos de Baixo, 11.iv.1997, M.F.V. Corley, gen. slide : 1108 heavy, base with microtrichia, distal part roughly (); 1 , Algarve, Lagos, Meia Praia, 10.ix.1991, M.F.V. oval, with small dorsal extension. Sacculus absent. Corley, gen. slide 93 ( ); 1 , Algarve, Quinta de Rocha, 14.iv.1994, M.F.V. Corley, (); 1 , Portalegre, Alente- Vinculum without microtrichia, posterior margin jo, Castelo de Vide, 17.ix.1995, M.F.V. Corley, gen. slide 1 with weak bend at /5 and small rounded protrusion 804 (); 1 , ibid., 13.iv.1997; 1 , Portalegre, Alente- at ¾. Especially when unrolled similarities to jo, Escusa, 18.ix.1995, M.F.V. Corley, gen. slide 820 B. terrella become apparent (figs. 240, 241). (); 1 , ibid., 14.iv.1997, gen. slide 1200; 1 , Portale- Female genitalia (figs. 283, 378). Segment VIII gre, Alentejo, Minhota, 14.iv.1997, M.F.V. Corley, gen. dorsally concave with small sclerotized median slide 1104 ( ). – : 1 , Mt. Sinneddu 450 m, 18.ix.1973, F. Hartig, gen. slide AR0303 (); 1 , Mu- tongue, ventrally with small excavation. Distal end of sei, 120 m, 5.x.1973, F. Hartig, gen. slide HH2342 (). ventral groove marked by weak protrusion not ex- – : 1 , Albacete, El Borillo, 27.vii.1990, M. Hull, tending beyond distal rim of segment VIII. Lamella nr.18225, gen. slide AR0348 (); 1 , ibid., postvaginalis and microtrichia absent. Antrum about 20.ix.1994, nr.22832, gen. slide R0516; 1 , Almeria, Cabo as long as wide. Signum large with two transverse de Gata, 10 m, 16-17.ix.2002, P. Skou & B. Skule, gen. folds, densely set with spikes except for very slender slide HH3070 ( ); 1 , Badaioz, Fuente de Cantos, 11.v.1979, H. v.d. Wolf, gen. slide R0446 (); 1 , middle section. Somewhat resembling B. rossica who Cáceres, Alcuéscar, 10.v.1979, H. v.d. Wolf, gen. slide has a very broad triangular antrum. R0445 (); 2 , 1 , Cáceres, Alcuéscar, 23.v.1986, M. Hull (); 1 , Cuenca, Paracuellos, 5.vi.1986, Biology M. Hull (); 1 , 1 , Granada, Baza, 110 km NE The early stages are unknown. Adults were collect- Granada, 19.ix.1973, M. & W. Glaser, gen. slide : ed from April to Oktober, most abundant in April- AR0230 ( ); 1 , ibid., 18.ix.1973, gen. slide AR0234; 1 , ibid., 22-26.v.1979,); 1 , ibid., 16.v.1979; 1 , ibid., May and September-Oktober with few records in be- 26.ix.1973, gen. slide AR024; 1 ; ibid., 10.v.1977, gen. tween. Altitudinal range below 1000 m. slide AR0202; 1 , ibid., 22-26.ix.1979; 1 , ibid., 18.ix.1974, gen. slide HH2225 (); 1 , ibid. 25.- Distribution (fig. 408) 26.ix.1973, gen. slide HH2226 (); 1 , Granada, Widespread and rather common in Portugal and Torviscon, 20.v.1979, H. v.d. Wolf, gen. slide WF3570 Spain; more local and less common in France, Sar- ( ); 2 , Granada, Torviscon, 20.v.1979, M.Hull (); 2 , Marbella, El Mirador, 5.x.1972, E. Traugott- dinia, Italy, Greece, Aegean islands and Crete. Also Olsen (ZMUC); 1 , ibid., 6.x.1972; 1 , ibid., 7.x.1972; recorded from Morocco. 2 , ibid., 14.x.1972; 3 , ibid., 15.x.1972, gen. slide HH2319; 1 , ibid., 15.x.1972; 1 , ibid., 12.iv.1976, gen. Remarks slide HH2318; 3 , ibid., 24.iv.1977; 1 , ibid., 3.v.1977; B. sattleri was described from two males and three 1 , Murcia, Alhama de Murcia, Sierra Espuña, 28.v.1973, females collected in south France (Nel 2003: 49). M. & W. Glaser, gen. slide AR0183 ( ); 1 , La Ribida near Huelva, 17-24.v.1960, I. von Buddenbrock, gen. slide Nell compared B. sattleri with B. arabica but our own R0541 (); 1 , Salamanca, Alaraz 1000 m, 3.ix.1996, studies show that these two species are not related. M. Hull (); 1 , Sevilla, Monasterio, 11.v.1979, M. The closest relative of B. sattleri seem to be B. terrella. Hull, gen. slide 2113 (); 1 , Sevilla, 24-28.ix.1974, Figures of B. sattleri were published before (Nel 1997: H. G. Amsel & R.U. Roesler (SMNK); 1 , 1 , Sevilla, El 218) but on that occasion misidentified as represent- Ronquillo, 23.v.1986, M. Hull (); 1 , Sevilla, El ing B. arabica. Ronquillo, 16.ix.1994, M. Hull ( ); 1 , Teruel, Gea de Albarracin, 20.ix1983, H. v.d. Wolf, gen. slide R0450 (); 1 , Teruel, Valdeltormo, 27.v.1979, M. Hull, gen. Material examined. – 48 , 33 . – : 1 , road slide AR0349 (); 1 , Teruel, Valdeltormo, 8.V.1978, Malia-Neapolis, v.1980, M. & W. Glaser (); 1 , 2 , K.J. Huisman, gen. slide R0347 (); 1 , Valladolid, 18 km E Rethymnion, 26.iv.1995, M. Fibiger, gen. slides Tordesillas, 18.v.1992, M. Hull (). : HH2179, : HH2180, HH2622 (). – :
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Bryoropha desertella (Douglas) Male genitalia (figs. 169-171, 235) Uncus large, (figs. 55-60, 169-171, 235, 279, 375, 409) broadly rounded. Socii small with 1 or 2 setae. Gnathos heavy and angular, with dorsal groove, base Gelechia desertella Douglas, 1850: 62. Lectotype (here with microtrichia, distal part sub-triangular. Vincu- designated): : Dorset, Weymouth, lum with microtrichia, posterior margin with gradual vi.1849, leg. Douglas; (‘Type, England, Weymouth, VI.1849, Dgl. Coll. (Mason, 1906); Walsingham Collec- bend halfway. The main character of B. desertella is tion 1910-427; Gelechia desertella Dougl., Tr. Ent. Soc. the triangular gnathos. Specimens from south-east London. (2) 1, p. 62 (1850); Genitalia Slide No. 135’) Europe usually have a somewhat smaller, more ele- () [examined]. gant, gnathos and a longer saccus (fig. 171). [no genus] decrepidella Herrich-Schäffer, 1853: pl. 68, fig. Female genitalia (figs. 279, 375). Segment VIII 508, pl. 71, fig. 533. dorsally concave, ventrally with narrow and deep ex- Gelechia decrepidella Herrich-Schäffer, 1854: 177. Lectotype 3 (designated by Sattler 1961): : Regensburg; cavation to /5. Lamella postvaginalis and mi- (‘[illegible: v. Hm?]; Gel. decrepidella HS. Ratisbon; crotrichia absent. Signum large, with two transverse 65.22; Lectotype , Gelechia decrepidella HS., Select.: folds, densely set with spikes. B. desertella is charac- K. Sattler, 1961; B.M. Genitalia slide No. 7156’) terized by the deep ventral excavation in combination () [examined]. with a large signum. Bryotropha glabrella Heinemann, 1870: 239. Syntypes [number and sex not stated]: : Braunschweig. Type material not traced. Syn. n. Biology The biology is described by Sterling & Heckford (2001). The larva has the head shining black; the pro- Diagnosis thoracic plate black, with a narrow, pale white medi- Medium-sized to large greyish brown to ochreous al division and the body dark reddish brown, with a brown species, often with more or less distinct, black distinct ochreous dorsal line. It feeds from autumn to wing markings. spring on the mosses Syntrichia ruraliformis (Besch.) Dark forms of B. desertella are most easily confused Cardot, Homalothecium lutescens (Hedw.) H. Rob. with B. terrella. The latter is on average slightly larger and Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus (Hedw.) Warnst. Pu- with broader forewing. Outside Sardinia, specimens pation is reported to take place in a firm sand cocoon with a weak indication of a median streak are always (Stainton 1866a). Adults have been collected from B. desertella. Weakly marked specimens of these two early April to late September. In the north there species are, however, virtually impossible to separate probably is only one generation, in the south there without examination of their genitalia. B. rossica, may be two generations. Altitudinal range from sea B. species A, B. azovica, B. politella, B. sabulosella, level to 1950 m. B. wolschrijni, B. sattleri, q. v. Distribution (fig. 409) Description Throughout Europe, in the north most common Adult (figs. 55-60). Wingspan 11-16 mm. Labial in coastal areas, in the south more common inland. palpus ochreous on inside, mottled with fuscous on Scarce in central Europe. Present in North Africa outside, segment 3 darker than segment 2. Antenna (Morocco) and Turkey but absent from the Middle fuscous indistinctly ringed with ochreous. Vertex, East. Also found in Central Asia (Turkmenistan) and thorax and tegula concolorous with forewing; frons recorded from Far East Russia (Omelko 1999). New lighter. Forewing greyish brown to ochreous brown, records for Albania, Crete and Morocco. mottled with fuscous; discal and plical stigmata often rather diffuse; costal and tornal patches indistinct, Remarks fused to form fascia with strong outward bend; ter- B. desertella was described from a number of syn- men with black scales; cilia concolorous with several types (‘found abundantly’) collected in June and July dark ciliary lines and yellow tips. Hindwing pale at Brighton and near Weymouth in Great Britain brown, darker towards apex, cilia concolorous with (South England). A specimen in already la- up to several ciliary lines and yellow tips. belled lectotype is published here (see above). The Variation. Very variable in size and appearance. slide with its genitalia has apparently become lost. The colour of the forewing varies from pale ochreous, There is, however, no doubt about its identity. light brown, orange-brown, dark brown to grey. Gelechia decrepidella was described from an unstat- Specimens can be plain coloured with almost no visi- ed number of specimens collected near Regensburg in ble markings; others are strongly marked and occa- Germany from the end of May to July (Herrich- sionally show a faint indication of an irregular medi- Schäffer 1854). A female in the was designated an streak. Variation is greatest in the coastal areas of as the lectotype by Sattler (1961). west Europe. Bryotropha glabrella was described from an unstated
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number of specimens collected in Germany, Braun- Granada, Sierra Nevada, 3.vi.1901, Walsingham, schweig in June (Heinemann 1870). We were unable gen. slide BM13.764 (); 2 , ibid., 3-5.vi.1974, to find any type specimens. Among the rather few Glaser, gen. slide AR0259 (); 1 , Granada, Bryotropha species occurring in the Braunschweig Sierra Nevada, Puerto de la Ragua, parque natural, area in northern Germany B. desertella fits the de- 1800 m, 27.viii.1998, E. Saarela, gen. slide AR0612 scription of B. glabrella (rather small, with reddish (), 1 , 1 , Granada, Sierra Nevada, Road to grey forewings) best. Veleta, 2000 m, 24.vi.1968, K. Sattler & D.J. Carter Bryotropha palliptera Li & Wang from the Henan (); 6 , 8 , ibid., 26.vi.1968, gen. slide : Province in Cental China resembles desertella in the BM22.744; 2 , 1 , ibid., 28.vi.1968; 1 , ibid., male genitalia, but the female genitalia are clearly dif- 30.vi.1968; 2 , 1 , ibid., 2.vii.1968; 3 , ibid., ferent, and the wing pattern differs from all other 9.vii.1968; 1 , ibid., 2300 m, 17.vii.1962, K. Sat- Bryotropha species. It represents the southernmost tler, gen. slide BM23.300; 1 , ibid., 1700 m, record of Bryotropha in Asia. 8.vii.1971, Arenberger (); 3 , ibid., 2000 m, 12.vii.1971, gen. slide AR0152; 1 , ibid., Material examined. – 1240 spec., including 111 genitalia 18.vii.1979, F. Hahn, gen. slide AR0154; 1 , ibid., preparations. – : 1 , Kula Ljums, Alban expedi- 1600 m, 8.vii.1971 (J. Klimesch) (); 1 , tion, 7-14.vi.1918 (). – : 27 spec. – : Guadalajara, Torrecilla del Pin, 3.vii.1982, C. Gielis, 10 spec. – : 1 spec. – : 12 spec. – : 1 , Psikhron [Psychro], 980 m, 24.v.1963, H. Reiser gen. slide WF3566 ( ); 1 , Huesca, 8 km S (). – : 3 spec. – : 5 spec. Candasnos, Barranco de Valcuerna, 175 m, – : 367 spec. – : 83 spec. – : 63 13-14.ix.2002, P. Skou, gen. slide HH4089 (). spec. – : 34 spec. – : 9 spec. – : 8 spec. – : 19 spec. – : 1 , Ifrane, Azrou, Diagnosis 1400-2000 m, 17-19.iv.1989, O. Karsholt, gen. slide HH3015 (); 1 , Ketama, Llanos Amarill, 1400 m, Rather large species with delicately speckled brown 13.vi.1954, E. De Bros, gen. slide GU3095 (); 1 , forewing without clear markings and with pale hind- Ketama, Oipusuile, 400 m, 20.vi.1954, E. De Bros, gen. wing. slide AR0461 (); 1 , Moyen Atlas, Ifrane, 6.vi.1973, The brown delicately speckled forewing without 1600 m, M. & W. Glaser (); 1 , ibid., Vartian clear markings is the typical feature of B. wolschrijni. ( ); 1 , ibid., 1.vii.1972, G. Friedel ( ); 1 , The dark median line on the vertex and the pale hind- Moyen Atlas, Mischliffen, 1900 m, 23.vi–1.vii.1972, G. Friedel (). – : 1 spec. – : wing distinguish this species from plain coloured 426 spec. – : 3 spec. – : 13 spec. – : forms of B. desertella and B. terrella. Dark forms of 1 spec. – : 1 spec. – : 2 spec. – : 45 spec. B. figulella have more prominent wing markings and – : 4 spec. – : 5 spec. – : 67 more contrasting hindwing. B. sattleri is slightly larg- spec – : 1 , Badchyz Nat. Res., 17.v.1980, er, with slightly broader forewing, rarely brown and V. Pecher, gen. slide HH2596 ( ); 1 , ibid., never speckled. 20.v.1980; 1 , W. Kopet Dag, 40 km E Garrygala, Kara Kala, 2.v.1993, V. Sruoga (); 4 , 1 , ibid., 5.v.1993, gen. slide : HH2248; 1 , ibid., 12.v.1993; 1 , 2 , Description ibid., 13.v.1993; 1 , 1 , ibid., 16.v.1993, gen. slide : Adult (fig. 61). Wingspan 14-15 mm. Labial pal- HH2247; 1 , ibid., 19.v.1993; 4 , ibid., gen. slide pus fuscous white to pale ochreous on inside, heavily HH2246. – : 5 spec. mottled with fuscous outside, segment 3 darker than segment 2. Antenna fuscous, indistinctly ringed ochreous. Frons ochreous; vertex with dark brown Bryotropha wolschrijni sp. n. median line; thorax and tegula more or less concolor- (figs. 61, 172, 173, 236, 237, 280, 376, 410) ous with forewing. Forewing mixed with brown and Type material. – Holotype : , Granada, dark greyish brown scales; base with black blotch on Sierra Nevada, Ruta del Veleta, 1900 m, 24.viii.1984, costa; plical and discal stigmata indistinct; costal and P. Skou & M. Kavin, gen. slide HH1620 (). tornal patches hardly visible; termen lined with – Paratypes: 32 , 25 . – : 1 , Mt. Atlas, patches of black scales; cilia brown with single dark Ifrane, 30.vi.1972, G. Friedel, gen. slide AR0382 ciliary line and yellow tips. Hindwing pale brown at (). – : 10 , 3 , Almeria, Sierra de los base, much darker towards apex, cilia concolorous Filabres, Calar Alto, 2050 m, 29.viii.2001, B. Skule, with yellow tips. gen. slides : HH3312, : HH3321 (); 1 , Variation. Specimens vary from dark brown to oc- Aragon, Albarracin, 1000-1200 m, 4-8.viii.1989, casionally pale ochreous. The forewing sometimes C. Gielis, gen. slide R0456 (); 2 , ibid., with a faint indication of a median streak. 11-28.viii.1989, J.B. Wolschrijn, gen. slides R0345, Male genitalia (figs. 172, 173, 236, 237). Uncus R0349 (); 1 , Granada, Sierra Alfacar, large, broadly rounded. Socii small with 1 or 2 setae. 19.vi.1968, K. Sattler & D.J. Carter (); 1 , Gnathos heavy with dorsal groove, base with
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microtrichia, distal part rounded sub-triangular. Vin- Mirificarma interrupta (Curtis, 1827). culum without microtrichia. Tubular part of aedea- gus with distinct thickening at base (arrowhead in Description fig. 173). Similar species: B. heckfordi q. v. Adult (fig. 62). Wingspan 14-15 mm. Labial pal- Female genitalia (figs. 280, 376). Segment VIII pus creamy white; mottled with fuscous on outside. dorsally concave with median tongue, ventrally with Antenna fuscous brown. Head and thorax as small rectangular invagination. Ventral groove indis- forewing; tegula black. Forewing pale cream coloured tinct and without microtrichia. Lamella postvaginalis with broad, black median streak; subapical termen absent. Signum large with two transverse folds, distal lined with few black scales; cilia ochreous grey, with and proximal section triangular, middle section broad dark ciliary line. Hindwing pale grey, slightly dark- rectangular, all densely set with tiny spikes. Similar ened towards apex; cilia concolorous. species: B. heckfordi q. v. Variation. None. Male genitalia (figs. 174, 175, 238, 239). Uncus Biology large and elongate, rounded, base without socii. The early stages are unknown. Adults have been Gnathos heavy with dorsal groove, base without mi- collected in June-July and in late September. Altitu- crotrichia, distal part sub-triangular. Vinculum with- dinal range from 1000 to 2300 m with most observa- out microtrichia. Tubular part of aedeagus with dis- tions above 1600 m. tinct thickening at base (arrowhead in fig. 175). The absence of a socius and the absence of microtrichia Distribution (fig. 410) from the gnathos distinguish this species from A local species restricted to a few mountain sites in B. wolschrijni. In several species belonging to the ter- Spain and Morocco. rella-group, the surface of the gnathos is covered with small indentations. In the case of B. heckfordi this fea- Etymology ture is rather apparent. Named in honour of Mr. J. Wolschrijn in recogni- Female genitalia (figs. 281, 377). Very similar to tion of his excellent field-work and for his generous B. wolschrijni, but slightly larger. Ventral invagina- offering of large samples of material for our study. tion on segment VIII rather broad and reaching at least ⅓ of the segment compared with about ¼ in B. wolschrijni. Apophyses posteriores at least 4 times Bryotropha heckfordi sp. n. as long as apophyses anteriores, in B. wolschrijni the (figs. 62, 174, 175, 238, 239, 281, 377, 410) apophyses posteriores are no more than 3 times as Type material. – Holotype : , Avila, Sierra long as apophyses anteriores. de Gredos, 15 km S-SW Hoyos del Espino, 1720 m, 27-28.vii.1988, M. Fibiger, gen. slide HH3553 Remarks (). – Paratypes: 9 , 7 . – : 3 , Asturias, The genitalia of B. heckfordi strongly resemble Picos Europa, 2000 m, 19-20.vii.1882, Ch. & R. those of B. wolschrijni. It was considered that they Oberthür, gen. slide BM22.029 (); 1 , Avila, might represent two forms of one and the same Sierra de Gredos, Garganta de las Pozas, 1800 m, species similar to the variation found in B. pallorella 13.vii.1970, K. Sattler & M.A. Kirby (); 2 , and B. figulella. The small but consistent differences Avila, Sierra de Gredos, 10 km S Hoyos del Espino, especially in the male genitalia, and the absence of a 1700 m, 22.vii.1995, P. Skou, gen. slide HH2291 co-distribution (see fig. 410), indicate that they rep- (); 1 , 3 , Avila, Sierra de Gredos, 15 km resent two distinct species. SSW Hoyos del Espino, 1720 m, 27-28.vii.1988, M. Fibiger, gen. slide : AR0634 (); 3 , 1 , Biology ibid., 1700 m, 18.viii.1988, P. Skou (); 1 , The early stages are unknown. Adults have been Avila, Sierra de Gredos, Risco Moreno, 2350 m, collected in July and August. Altitudinal range from 26.vii.1970, K. Sattler, gen. slide BM21.892 (); 1700 to 2350 m. 1 , Segovia, Coll. de la Quasera, 1730 m, 29.vii.1988, M. Fibiger, gen. slide HH2346 (). Distribution (fig. 410) Only known from a few mountain areas in central Diagnosis and north Spain. Large cream coloured species with a black longitu- dinal streak on the forewing. Etymology The creamy white ground colour makes that this Named in honour of Mr. R. J. Heckford for his species cannot be mistaken for any other Bryotropha. splendid work in increasing our knowledge of the im- It may perhaps be confused with pale forms of mature stages of Bryotropha species.
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The similis-group tornal patches when discernible, fused to form fascia with sharp outward bend; termen with black scales; Small species predominate in the similis-group cilia concolorous, with several ciliary lines and yellow which, like the other groups, is clearly defined by the tips: Hindwing very pale at base, substantially darker genitalia. Males have a slender gnathos without a dor- at apex; cilia concolorous, with faint cilia lines and sal groove or dorsal extension (figs. 309-360). In the pale yellow tips. females segment VIII carries a lamella postvaginalis Variation. One of the most variable species of and microtrichia. The overall difference in genital Bryotropha. Most specimens show a mixture of light characters between members of this group is much and dark scales of different colours, others are near to smaller than that found in the terrella-group. plain ochreous grey to brown-grey. The greatest vari- ation is found in the Iberian Peninsula, where many specimens have a distinct black streak on an otherwise Bryotropha figulella (Staudinger) creamy-ochreous, ochreous grey or pale brown (figs. 63-67, 180, 181, 243, 285, 309, 380, 411) forewing. Elsewhere B. figulella is more uniform, pre- Gelechia figulella Staudinger, 1859: 242. Lectotype (here dominately pale ochreous to ochreous grey. In some : designated): Chiclana, iv., leg. Staudinger ( ) specimens the stigmata are followed by distinct [examined]. Gelechia capnella Constant, 1865: 196, pl. 7, fig. 13. Lecto- streaks of pale scales. type (published as ‘Type ’ by Viette (1950)): Male genitalia (figs. 180, 181, 243, 309). Uncus : Landes, leg. Constant; (‘Cap. Bleton; Type; sub-rectangular. Socii rather narrow and long with 1911 Coll. La Faury Museum Paris; Holotypus; Gelechia 3-4 setae. Gnathos large, basal part long and slender capnella Const.; Ann. Soc. ent. France 1865 p.186 (Lan- with microtrichia, distal part clearly thickened at ⅓, des); Bryotropha figulella (Stdgr.) teste A.L.M. Rutten apex often slightly wavy. Thornshield triangular with 1999 [abdomen lost]’) () [examined]. Bryotropha cinnamomea Turati, 1934: 196. Holotype: 20-30 small spikes. Valva comparatively small, length : Marada, 10.iii.1933, leg. Krüger. Type not traced. less than 4 times width. Sacculus rather broad with Syn. n. hooked apex. Posterior margin of vinculum with strong knee. Female genitalia (figs. 282, 377). Segment VIII Diagnosis with rather small crescent-shaped lamella postvagi- Small to large species with ochreous grey forewing nalis and many microtrichia. Distal end of ventral and hindwing pale at base and very dark at apex. groove marked by large heavily sclerotized protru- Due to its variability specimens of B. figulella can sion. Dorsal side of segment VIII concave with well be mistaken for several other medium to large-sized sclerotized rim. Signum large, with two transverse Bryotropha species. Outside the Iberian peninsular folds, densely covered with spikes. B. figulella is normally recognized by its ochreous grey forewing and its hindwing with a very pale base, con- Biology trasting with a darker apex. Small plain coloured dark The early stages are unknown. Two specimens in forms that occur on the Iberian peninsular are very the are labelled: ‘France, Cannes, e.l. 10. & difficult to tell apart from B. pallorella. The latter is 27.vi.1867, from Silene nicaeensis collected 28/2’, but on average darker but for a reliable identification it is it is uncertain whether the larvae actually fed on that often necessary to examined the genitalia. In case of plant (Stainton 1869). Adults have been collected at small species with a distinct black median line, low altitudes from late April to early October, proba- B. figulella has an otherwise ochreous-tinged bly in two generations. forewing, B. pallorella a pale orange-brown forewing. B. sattleri, B. wolschrijni, q. v. Distribution (fig. 411) Widespread along the French Atlantic coast and Description the coasts of the Mediterranean countries, rarely Adult (figs. 63-67). Wingspan 11-16 mm. Labial recorded from inland locations. Most common on palpus pale ochreous on inside, heavily mottled with the Iberian Peninsula. Not recorded from the Middle fuscous on outside, segment 3 darker than segment 2. East and Turkey. New records for Bulgaria, Algeria Antenna dark fuscous, ringed ochreous. Frons pale and Libya (see below). A dubious record from Britain ochreous, vertex darker and usually with median line. (Barrett 1893) was recently removed from the British Thorax and tegula concolorous with forewing. list (Heckford & Sattler 2002). Forewing comparatively long and narrow, ochreous grey, mottled with variable amounts of white, greyish Remarks brown and fuscous; plical and discal stigmata rather Gelechia figulella was described from an unstated indistinct, first discal beyond second plical; costal and number of specimens collected in April 1857 or 1858
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near Chiclana in Spain (Staudinger 1859). A female Diagnosis in is here selected as lectotype (see above). Medium-sized ochreous grey to ochreous brown Gelechia capnella was described from an unstated species with bright ochreous labial palpus. number of specimens collected in July in Landes, Separated from B. senectella by the absence of a France (Constant 1865). dark line running over the vertex of the head; separat- Bryotropha cinnamomea was described from one ed from B. similis by the absence of a true black specimen collected by G. Krüger 10 March 1933 near colour and the presence of ochreous palpus (fuscous Marada in Libya (Turati 1934). The holotype was on the outside and fuscous white on the inside in searched for in vain in the by K. Sattler and in B. similis). The pointed shape of the forewing is a the by G. Bassi, and it has probably been lost. characteristic feature of the females. Occasionally The original description fits fairly well to B. figulella. they can be confused with other black Bryotropha For stability of nomenclature we therefore place species like B. purpurella, which has a bright ochreous B. cinnamomea in synonymy with B. figulella. There labial palpus and lacks stigmata in the forewing, and are no other records of B. figulella from Libya, but B. similis whose labial palpus is much darker (see then very little material of Gelechiidae is known any- above). B. patockai, q. v. way from that country. The known distribution of B. figulella makes a presence in Libya plausible. Description Adult (figs. 71-73). Sexual dimorphism slightly Material examined. – 362 spec. including 70 genitalia pronounced. Male. Wingspan 11-13 mm Labial pal- preparations. – : 1 , Hassi Bahbah, 20.v.1930, Pre- pus bright ochreous weakly mottled with brown; seg- dota, gen. slide AR0418 (). – : 1 , Nessebar, 23.viii–4.ix.1962, J. Soffner, gen. slide HH2237 (); ment 3 as long as segment 2. Antenna simple, shortly 1 , ibid., gen. slide BM23320 (); 7 , 2 , Black sea ciliate, dark brown, indistinctly ringed with ochre. coast, Arkutino, 25.v–15.vi.1980, F. Eichler (). Head, thorax and tegula concolorous with forewing; – : 1 , 6 , Cave Greco, Halophyte zone, 5 m, frons lighter. Forewing dark ochreous grey to brown; 30.x.1989, M. & E. Arenberger (); 1 , Garyllis river, plical and discal stigmata usually indistinct, second 14 km N Limassol, 300 m, 16.x.1996, M. Fibiger, D. Nilsson, plical often well developed though; first discal beyond P. Svendsen, gen. slide HH3912 (). – : 43 spec. – : 6 spec. – : 16 spec. – : second plical; costal and tornal patches pale ochreous, 1 , 40 km S Larache, 0-20 m, 23-24.iv.1989, O. Karsholt, fused to form faint, angulated fascia; termen indis- gen. slide HH2296 (). – : 17 spec. – : tinctly lined with black scales; cilia with one or more 268 spec. – : 1 , Tarbaka area, 7-18.v.1988, ciliary lines. Hindwing pale grey; cilia concolorous O. Karsholt (). with pale yellow base. Female. Similar to male but somewhat darker and smaller (wingspan 11-12 mm), Bryotropha plantariella (Tengström) having both wing pairs more slender and more point- (figs. 71-73, 118, 119, 182, 183, 244, 284, 310- ed; antenna without ciliae. 312, 381, 411) Variation. The colour of the forewing varies from pale ochreous and ochreous grey to fuscous-brown. Gelechia plantariella Tengström, 1848: 128. Lectotype (here designated): : Jyväskylä, vii.1844, leg. Male genitalia (figs. 182, 183, 244, 310-312). Un- Tengström; (‘Coll. Tengström; G. plantariella n. sp.; cus sub-rectangular. Socii with several setae. Gnathos Mus. Zool. H:fors, Spec. typ. No. 7061, Gelechia plan- slender and very long, with large gradual bend, base tariella Tngstr.; Lectotype, Gelechia plantariella, with microtrichia. Thornshield triangular, without Tengström, 1848, O. Karsholt design. 2002’) () spikes. Vinculum with small patch of microtrichia. [examined]. The very long and slender gnathos is the characteris- Gelechia cinerosella Tengström, 1848: 129. Lectotype (here designated): : Uleåborg; (‘Coll. Nyldr; tic feature of this species. Mus. Zool., Spec. typ. No. 7065, Gelechia cinerosella Female genitalia (figs. 118, 119, 284, 381). Segment Tngstr.; Lectotype, Gelechia cinerosella, Tengström, VIII with small triangular lamella postvaginalis and 1848, O. Karsholt design. 2002’) () [examined]. short, but stout, microtrichia. Ventral groove ends at Gelechia serrulatella Tengström, 1848: 128. Lectotype about 3/5, followed by narrow indentation. Segment : (here designated): Helsinki; (‘H:fors; VIII dorsally more or less straight. Signum very char- Tengström; 204; serrulatella n. sp.; Mus. Zool. H:fors, Spec. typ. No. 7062, Gelechia serratulella Tngstr.; Lecto- acteristic; rectangular with two transverse folds; distal type, Gelechia serrulatella, Tengström, 1848, O. Karsholt and proximal section, set with stout spikes, folded be- design. 2002’) () [examined]. hind smooth middle section (figs. 118, 119). Bryotropha brevipalpella Rebel, 1893: 47. Holotype : : Casimirswald, 22.v.1892, leg. Teich. Type not Biology traced. Syn. n. The early stages are unknown. A few specimens were bred from a large gathering of Sphagnum sp.
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(Buhl et al. 1992). Adults have been collected from Bryotropha galbanella (Zeller) May to July. Altitudinal range from sea level to 1100 m. (figs. 4, 12, 68-70, 130, 184-187, 245, 246, 286, 317-319, 382, 412) Distribution (fig. 411) Gelechia galbanella Zeller, 1839: 200. Lectotype (here Norway, Sweden, Finland, Germany (north-east), designated): : Szczawno Zdroj (Salzbrunn), Lithaunia, Latvia, Estonia, Poland, Belarus, Russia, 19.vii.1838; (‘Zeller Coll., Walsingham Collection Also present in Siberia and throughout North 1910-427; Lectotype , Gelechia galbanella Z., Select.: America (Rutten & Karsholt, 2004). Records from K. Sattler, 1961; B. M. Genitalia slide No 7087’) () Romania (Kovács & Kovács, 1999) and Hungary [examined]. (most recently by Szabóky et al. 2002) remain doubt- Gelechia angustella Heinemann, 1870: 217. Holotype: : Braunschweig. Type not traced. ful, especially since no voucher material appears to Gelechia ilmatariella Hoffmann, 1893: 138. Holotype : exist (A. Kun in litt.). Also the records from Austria, : Kuusamo, 21.vii.1892, leg. A. Hoffmann. the Czech Republic and Slovakia need confirmation Type not traced. (Elsner et al. 1999) since they are most likely based on Gelechia galbanella var. (et ab.) griseella Caradja, 1920: 99. Syn- misidentifications. types: and : Rachlau. See remarks below. Gelechia galbanella var. haareki Strand, 1920: 64. Syntypes : : Brönnö Isl., 3.viii.1903, leg. E. Strand. Remarks Type not traced. Syn. n. Gelechia plantariella was described from an unstat- Gelechia fusconigratella Palm, 1947: 40. Holotype : ed number of specimens collected in early July 1844 : Medelpal, Nyhamn, 27.vii.1946, leg. B. Palm; at Jyväskylä in Finland (Tengström 1848). A speci- (‘type; fusconigratella Palm; Type No. 1156: 1, Gelechi- men in is here published as lectotype (see idae, Zool. Mus. Lund Sweden; 2003, 063 [genitalia above). It is probably a female (abdomen is missing mounted on celluloid]’) ( ) [examined]. and the specimen is unset so the wing coupling mech- anism can not be studied without damaging the spec- Diagnosis imen) of the fuscous-brown form. A large species with dark ochreous grey forewing, Gelechia cinerosella was described from an unstated more or less heavily mottled with ochreous and with number of specimens collected 15 July in Borgå distinct stigmata. Skärgård (Borgå Archipelago) and in end of July in The males of B. galbanella can sometimes be con- Uleåborg (Oulu) (Tengström 1848). A lectotype is fused with those of boreella and B. phycitiniphila q. v. published here (see above) from a series of three syn- Males of B. boreella usually are smaller and darker, types in the . It is of a dark grey-brown form. lacking ochreous scales in the forewing. In Gelechia serrulatella was described from an unstated B. galbanella the inside of the labial palpus is more or number of specimens collected in July in Helsingfors less pale yellow, in B. boreella it is pale grey, this dis- (Helsinki), Finland (Tengström 1848). A lectotype is tinguishes even the very dark forms of B. galbanella, published here (see above) from a series of three syn- which are otherwise very similar to B. boreella. types in the . It is of a yellowish grey-brown form. Description Bryotropha brevipalpella was described from one Adult (figs. 4, 68-70). Wingspan 14-18 mm male collected by Teich at 22.v.1892 in Casimirswald (male), 13-16 mm (female). Labial palpus without in Latvia (Rebel 1893). The holotype could not be brush underneath segment 2; segment 3 shorter than found in Rebel’s collection in and was probably segment 2 (fig. 4); pale ochreous on inside, fuscous- returned to its collector. However, Teich’s collection brown on outside. Antenna with short ciliae on un- was destroyed during the Second World War derside, fuscous ringed with ochreous. Frons pale (Huemer & Sattler 1995). The description of ochreous, head thorax and tegula concolorous with B. brevipalpella fits well with the rather variable forewing. Forewing dark ochreous grey, mottled with B. plantariella, which is rather common in Latvia dur- pale ochre; base with black costal blotch; first plical ing the first half of the summer, but which is much often missing; second plical and discal stigmata dis- rarer in central Europe and may have been unknown tinct; first discal beyond second plical; costal and tor- to Rebel. nal patches pale ochreous, fused to form rather indis- tinct, angulated fascia; termen lined with distinct Material examined. – 211 spec., including 15 genitalia patches of black scales; cilia dark grey. Hindwing preparations. – : 2 spec. – : 142 spec. about as broad as forewing, fuscous grey; cilia concol- – : 3 spec. – : 14 spec. – : 11 spec. – : 5 spec. – : 1 spec. – : 8 spec. orous with ochreous base. – : 8 spec. – : 5 spec. Variation. B. galbanella exhibits both individual and geographical variation. Some specimens have the forewing heavily mottled with pale ochreous scales,
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130 131 132 B. boreella and B. phycitiniphila by the shape of the ventral groove, the large number of needle-shaped microtrichia and the signum with its dense cover of microtrichia.
Biology Larva with head and prothoracic plate black, body pale brown with dirty white spots on thoracic part and small orange-brown spots on abdominal part and anal plate dark brown. It lives in a silken tube amongst the ground-growing moss Dicranum Figs.130-132. Bryotropha spp., species specific differences in scoparium (Hedw.) (Dicranaceae). In captivity the the whip-like apex of the aedeagus. – 130, B. galbanella, larva was observed to eat Homalothecium lutescens slide R0596; 131, B. boreella, slide R0598; 132, B. phyci- (Hedw.). H. Rob. (Brachytheciaceae) (Heckford & tiniphila, slide AR0638. Sterling 2003). Adults are often disturbed during the day. In Denmark they are most commonly found in Pinus and Larix forest with floors extensively covered with moss. Adults have been collected from May to especially in the apical area. Others have enlarged and August. Altitudinal range from sea level to 2000 m in elongated stigmata. The females are often darker and the Alps (P. Huemer in litt.). more distinctly marked than the males, and they show some variation in the form of both wing pairs, Distribution (fig. 412) which may be understood as an early step towards Local but occasionally common in central and wing reduction. north Europe, usually in forested areas. Denmark, Towards the north of its area B. galbanella becomes Norway, Sweden, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Great darker. Indications of melanism are found in Britain (almost exclusively found in Scotland), Scotland, but the most extreme forms occur in north- France, The Netherlands (restricted to the east- east Fennoscandia. Here B. galbanella can be near to central part), Germany, Poland, Austria, Czech unicolorous lead-grey (fig. 69). These latter forms Republic, Italy, Romania (Kovács & Kovács 1999) have been regarded as a subspecies ilmatariella and Russia (Kola Peninsula, Ural Mts.) Also found in Hoffmann (Sattler, 1960), but are not clearly separat- Japan and North America (Rutten & Karsholt 2004). ed from the nominate form. The few Japanese Incorrectly recorded from South America (Chile) specimens examined by us are similar to well marked (Gyen 1913, Figueroa 1913). specimens of the nominate form. Male genitalia (figs. 130, 184-187, 245, 246, 317- Remarks 319). Uncus broad sub-rectangular. Socii with 5 or The male and female genitalia are very similar to more setae. Gnathos slender, clearly thickened at those of B. boreella and B. phycitiniphila. bend, base with microtrichia, distal part often wavy. Gelechia galbanella was described from an unstated Thornshield triangular, without spikes. Vinculum number of specimens (‘häufig’), collected in July in with microtrichia. Apex of aedeagus with short whip. spruce forest near Salzbrunn (now Szczawno Zdroj) The shape of the gnathos separates B. galbanella from in south-west Poland (Zeller 1839). A specimen in B. boreella and B. phycitiniphila which lack the dis- the , already labelled as lectotype, is published tinct thickening at the bend; in B. boreella the aedea- above. It has many cream white scales in the apical gus also has a much longer whip (figs. 130-132). part of the forewings. Itämies (1996: 30) described and figured the male Gelechia angustella was described from two speci- genitalia of a specimen of B. galbanella with an ab- mens from the area of Braunschweig in Germany normal, forked gnathos. (‘hiesiger Gegend’) Heinemann (1870). It was stated Female genitalia (figs. 286, 382) Segment VIII to be close to B. galbanella, but having differently with small triangular lamella postvaginalis and shaped wings, darker forewings and segment 3 of the many long needle-shaped microtrichia. Distal end labial palpi longer than in B. galbanella. G. angustella of ventral groove marked by slightly extending bul- has never been treated as a distinct species in the bous structure. Ventral groove very distinct, with subsequent literature, and even though we have been undulating margins. Dorsal side of segment VIII unable to trace the type specimens we are of the opin- weakly concave with weak median tongue. Signum ion that Heinemann probably based his description large and clearly elongate, with two transverse folds, of G. angustella on two aberrant, probably female, densely covered with spikes. Separated from specimens of B. galbanella.
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Gelechia ilmatariella was described from one male ment 3 shorter than segment 2; pale grey mottled in good condition collected on 21 July 1892 in with dark lead-grey on outside. Antenna shortly Kuusamo in North-east Finland. We have not stud- ciliated below, fuscous, weakly ochreous ringed. ied the holotype, but the detailed description fits well Head shining lead-grey, lighter at frons; thorax and with the dark form of B. galbanella occurring in tegula black. Forewing greyish black, slightly shining; north-east Fennoscandia (see also Sattler 1960). first plical missing; second plical and discal stigmata Gelechia galbanella var. (et ab.) griseella was described black, sometimes surrounded by few pale scales; first from an unstated number of specimens from Latvia discal slightly beyond plical; costal and tornal patches (‘Livland’) and Germany, Rachlau. G. galbanella normally fused to form a rather indistinct, angulated, griseella was a manuscript name of Staudinger, which pale fascia; termen lined with small patches of black Caradja himself considered as superfluous (‘kaum scales; cilia fuscous, with one or two ciliary lines. namenberechtigte’) (Caradja 1920). It is hardly avail- Hindwing about as broad as forewing, fuscous grey, able as a subspecific name ( article 45.6.4), and is cilia concolorous. Female. Wingspan 11-12 mm. Seg- moreover invalid, being a homonym of Gelechia ment 2 of labial palpus nearly as long as segment 2. muscosella Var.? griseella Caradja 1920. We have not Labial palpus, antenna, head, thorax, tegula and studied type material of this form, which falls within forewing dark fuscous, with violet tinge. Forewing the variation of galbanella. more pointed than male, with indistinct stigmata; Gelechia galbanella var. haareki was described from costal and tornal patches pale ochreous and fused to two males collected 3 August 1903 by E. Strand at form a broad, slightly angulated fascia; cilia dark grey; Brönnö Isl. in central Norway (Strand 1920). It was hindwing with more pronounced apex than male, stated to be ‘nicht spezifisch verschieden von dark grey, cilia concolorous. galbanella’ (Strand 1920). We have been unable to Variation. A rather constant species. In the males locate the two syntypes of haareki, but based on the the forewing can vary from lead-grey to black, and the description we are of the opinion that they belong to stigmata can be more or less distinct, sometimes a form of B. galbanella. forming streaks. Specimens with contrasting forewing Bryotropha fusconigratella was described from one fe- are very rare. male collected 27 July 1946 in Sweden: Medelpal, Ny- Male genitalia. (figs. 131, 188, 189, 247, 313- hamn (Palm 1947). The holotype is not set and is rather 315). Uncus broad sub-rectangular. Socii with five worn. It represents a dark grey form of B. galbanella. or more setae. Gnathos slender with sharp bend, base with microtrichia, distal part straight to slightly Material examined. – 420 spec. including 38 genitalia wavy. Thornshield triangular without spikes. Valva preparations– : 49 spec. – : 8 spec. with length four times width. Vinculum with – : 1 spec. – : 162 spec. – : 4 spec. – : 69 spec. – : 1 spec. – : 6 spec. microtrichia. Aedeagus relatively slender and with – : 81 spec., – : 12 spec. – : normal length whip. Similar species: B. galbanella 4 spec. – : 17 spec. – : 5 spec. q. v. and B. phycitiniphila q. v. Female genitalia (figs. 287, 383). Segment VIII with small triangular lamella postvaginalis and tiny microtrichia. Bulbous structure marking distal end of Bryotropha boreella (Douglas) ventral groove, not extending beyond distal rim of (figs. 10, 11, 74, 75, 131, 188, 189, 247, 287, 313- segment VIII. Ventral groove very distinct, with 315, 383, 413) straight margins. Segment VIII dorsally weakly con- Gelechia boreella Douglas, 1851: 105. Holotype : cave with very weak median tongue. Signum elongate : Scotland, Argyllshire, near Sandbank, 15.vii.1850, with two transverse folds, sparsely set with tiny spikes. leg. H. T. Stainton ( ). See remarks below. Resembles B. galbanella q. v. and B. phycitiniphila. In the latter the distal end of the ventral groove extends Diagnosis beyond the distal rim of segment VIII, while the Medium-sized species with lead-grey labial palpus signum is more densely covered with spikes. and greyish black forewing without yellow scales. Similar to B. galbanella, q. v., and B. phyci- Biology tiniphila, q. v. The early stages are undescribed. Adults have been collected from June to early August. Altitudinal range Description from sea level in north Europe to 1000 m in the Alps. Adult (figs. 74, 75). Sexual dimorphism pro- The males fly in the late morning sunshine and are nounced. Male. Wingspan 13-15 mm. Labial palpus rarely attracted to light. The females hide down in the without brush underneath segment 2 and with seg- vegetation and apparently fly little.
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Distribution (fig. 413) Diagnosis This rather rare and local inhabitant of wet heath- Medium-sized pale to dark brownish grey species land and peat bogs has a disjunct alpine-boreal distri- with pale ochreous grey labial palpus. bution. Locally common in central Europe and Both B. boreella and B. galbanella have segment northern Europe; north England and Scotland; in 3 of the labial palpus shorter than segment 2. Scandinavia found in north-west Denmark, Sweden, B. galbanella has broader forewing with more promi- Finland, but not Norway; in France known from nent stigmata, B. boreella is much darker with near a single record from the Alps, in Germany found in to black forewing. In contrast to B. phycitiniphila, the Sauerland, the Harz and the Alps, widespread in females of B. boreella have smaller, more pointed Austria. Records from the Ural (Elsner et al. 1999) forewing than the males. need confirmation. Description Remarks Adult (figs. 77, 78). Sexual dimorphism pronounced. B. boreella was described from one specimen col- Male. Wingspan 13-14 mm. Labial palpus pale ochre- lected by Stainton in Scotland, Argyllshire, Holy ous, mottled with brownish grey, especially on outside; Loch at 14.vii.1850. In the (British Lepi- segment 2 without ventral brush; segment 3 as long as doptera collection) is a male of B. boreella labelled: segment 2. Antenna with short cilia on underside, dark ‘S 2330, 50; 129; nr. Sandbank, July 15th 1850, Stn., brown ringed with pale white. Head ochreous-brown; S 2330/50; Gelechia boreella Dougl., c., named by thorax and tegula concolorous with forewing. Forewing Stn.; B.M. Genitalia slide no. 4922’. In spite of the pale brownish grey, mottled with pale white and ochre- slight difference in data and locality this specimen ous; first plical absent; second plical and discal stigmata may by the holotype of B. boreella. Considering all small; first discal beyond second plical; costal and tornal the taxonomic confusion and misidentifications in patches fused to form faint, creamy white, weakly angu- Bryotropha and other genera of Gelechiidae, it is sur- lated fascia; termen mixed with light scales; cilia concol- prising that the name B. boreella, which was based on orous. Hindwing grey, cilia concolorous. Female. one specimen that was not even figured, has always Wingspan 12 mm. Forewing slightly darker and more been used correctly. Even though B. boreella is rather pointed than male. The pale ochreous grey head is in difficult to recognize, no synonyms are known. clear contrast to the rest of the body. Variation. The type material shows little variation. Material examined. – 147 spec., including 13 genitalia Male genitalia (figs. 132, 190, 191, 248, 316). Un- preparations. – : 34 spec. – : 81 spec. cus broad sub-rectangular. Socii with 5 or more setae. – : 12 spec. – : 1 spec. – : 17 spec. – : 1 spec. – : 2 spec. Gnathos slender with sharp bend, base with mi- crotrichia, distal part straight. Thornshield triangular without spikes. Valva with length almost 6 times width. Vinculum with microtrichia. Aedeagus rela- Bryotropha phycitiniphila sp. n. tively broad and with very short whip. Resembling (figs. 77,78, 132, 190, 191, 248, 288, 316, 384, 413) B. galbanella q. v. and B. boreella from whom it is sep- Type material. – Holotype : [USSR], arated by the longer valva and the very short whip of 43º5’N, 77º15’E, Kazakhstan, Zailiskiy, Alatau, Alma- the aedeagus. Atinskij Nat. P., 1700 m, Piecea/meadow/steppe, Female genitalia (figs. 288, 384): Segment VIII with 23.6.1990 ad luc., L. Kaila & K. Mikkola leg., gen. triangular lamella postvaginalis and tiny microtrichia. slide HH4392 (). ‒ Paratypes: 14 , 8 . ‒ - Bulbous structure marking distal end of ventral groove, : 1 , Zailiskiy, Alatau, Alma- Atinskij Nat. P., slightly extending beyond distal rim of segment VIII. 43º5’N, 77º15’E, 1700 m, Picea/ meadow/steppe, Ventral groove very distinct, with straight margins. 23.vi.1990 ad luc., L. Kaila & K. Mikkola, gen. slide Segment VIII dorsally weakly concave. Signum elon- AR0638 (); 1 , ibid., 3000 m, alpine meadow, gate with two transverse folds, covered with tiny spikes. 6.vii.1990; 1 , 6 , ibid., 2800 m, meadow, Resembles B. galbanella q. v. and B. boreella q. v. 30.vi.1990, gen. slides : AR0742 AR0755, OK4997; 1 , ibid., 2750 m, ad luc.; 3 , 1 , ibid., 8.vii.1990, Biology gen. slide : AR0740; 2 , ibid., 14.vii.1990; 1 , The early stages are unknown. Adults were collect- ibid., 2900-3200 m, alpine meadow, 20.vii.1990; 2 , ed in June and July. Altitudinal range from 1700 to ibid., 1900-2300 m, Picea/meadow, 26.vii.1990, 3200 m. The habitat was a rich alpine meadow just L. Hulden & L. Kaila; 3 , ibid., 2750 m, meadow, above the tree line. Some of the males were attracted 7.vii.1990, 10 a.m., on Pyla feromone, K. Mikkola & to a female of Pyla fusca (Haworth, 1811) (Pyralidae: L. Kaila, gen. slide R0592. Phycitinae) (L. Kaila in litt.).
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Distribution (fig. 413) first discal above second plical, often fused; costal and Only known from south-east Kazakhstan. tornal patches pale creamy ochreous, well developed, often fused to form an irregular fascia; subapical Etymology area with many black scales; cilia dark grey, in apex Named after the circumstances under which some mixed with ochreous, with indistinct ciliary line and males were collected, being attracted to the yellow tips. Hindwing pale glossy grey at base, darker pheromones of a female specimen of Pyla fusca towards apex; cilia concolorous with yellow tips. (Haworth, 1811) (Pyralidae: Phycitinae). Variation. A slight variation in the extent of the light areas on the forewing can give individual speci- mens a somewhat darker or lighter appearance. Bryotropha sutteri sp. n. Male genitalia (figs. 192, 193, 249, 320). Uncus (figs. 76, 79, 192, 193, 249, 289, 320, 385, 414) sub-rectangular. Socii with 4 or more setae. Gnathos Type material. – Holotype : [Græken- long and slender with sharp bend at ⅓, clearly thick- land], Lesbos, Molivos, 6.vi.1994, J. P. Baungaard ened just after bend. Thornshield triangular with (). – Paratypes: 33 , 31 , 2 ex. – , - 30-50 small spikes. Vinculum with patch of : 1 , Kala Kallonis, 39º12’44”N, 26º24’48”E, microtrichia. 26.v.1995, M. Hull (), 1 , Molivos, 20 m, Female genitalia (figs. 289, 385). Segment VIII 5.ix.1995, R. Sutter (), 1 , ibid., 8.ix.1995; 1 , with strongly curved crescent-shaped lamella post- ibid., 9.ix.1995; 3 , Molivos, 6, 8 & 12.vi.1994, vaginalis and microtrichia. Distal end of ventral J. P. Baungaard, gen. slides HH1364, HH2300 groove marked by heavily sclerotized extension. Dor- (). – : 1 ex., Staudinger, 1ex., 5/55 sal side of segment VIII with distinct clearly sclero- (). – : 1 , E. Ragosa, gen. slide tized median tongue. Signum relatively large, oval to BM13.777 (). – : 1 , Málaga, road sub-rectangular, with very stout fore- and backward Tarifa-Algeciras, 14 km W Algeciras, 200 m, ix.1972, pointing spikes on corners. The distinct median M. & W. Glaser, gen. slide AR0274 (). tongue on the distal rim of segment VIII in combina- – : 1 , 40 km W Jendouba, 17.v.1988, tion with the shape of the signum separate B. sutteri O. Karsholt (). – : 24 , 28 , Bursa from other species. surroundings, 1.vi.1966, Klapperich, gen. slides : R0542, R0543, : AR0284, R0544 (); 1 , Biology Gebze, 23-24.viii.1971, Friedel (); 1 , Tekir- The early stages are unknown. Adults have been dak, 28.vi.1987, E. Baraniak (). collected in May-June and in August-September at Material excluded from type series: 1 , ‘493, Stgr.’ low altitudes. (). Distribution (fig. 414) Diagnosis A rare and local species with a very disjunct distri- Medium-sized species with very contrasting wing bution. In the west Mediterranean only known from markings. single records from Spain and Tunisia, two very old Resembles a highly contrasting B. domestica. Over- records from Sardinia and a similarly old record from all, B. sutteri is slightly larger and substantially darker Sicily. In the east Mediterranean recorded from two than B. domestica. The creamy white to pale creamy localities on Lesbos and three in Turkey. It is remark- ochreous colour of the head and of the large patches able that more than 80% of all specimens known to on the forewing are also features not found in date were collected in a single night on 1 June 1966 B. domestica. In case of worn specimens this differ- in Turkey. ence can be less clear. Etymology Description Named after Mr. R. Sutter in honour of his devot- Adult (figs. 76, 79). Wingspan 13-14 mm. Labial ed excellent work on Microlepidoptera. palpus creamy ochreous, mottled with black on out- side, especially in segment 3. Antenna fuscous ringed Bryotropha gallurella Amsel with ochreous. Head pale creamy ochreous, slightly (figs. 83-85, 196, 197, 251, 292, 293, 325-328, darker at vertex; apical part of thorax blackish brown; 388, 415) tegulae and distal ⅔ of thorax pale creamy ochreous. Forewing very dark on edges and with large patches of Bryotropha gallurella Amsel, 1952: 119, figs 25-26. Lecto- : creamy ochreous in central part; extreme base type (here designated): Sardinia, Aritzo, 1.vi.1936, leg. H. G. Amsel, genitalia slide 163 () distinctly black; plical and discal stigmata prominent; [examined].
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Diagnosis square to slightly sub-rectangular with stout outward Small to medium-sized species with ochreous head, pointing spines on corners. Most easily distinguished mixed ochreous and brown forewing. from similar species by the shape of the lamella post- The ochreous head and the dark ochreous forewing vaginalis in combination with the signum. separate B. gallurella from most other Bryotropha species, except B. plebejella. B. gallurella is on average Biology somewhat larger, darker and more distinctly marked The early stages are unknown. Adults have been than B. plebejella; having the plical and discal stig- collected from late March to early October, probably mata often followed by streaks of ochreous scales and in two generations as we examined few specimens a moderately clear fascia, features rarely found in from July. Altitudinal range from sea level to 1800 m B. plebejella. Specimens with a clear orange tinge in the Sierra Nevada. and/or with a plain ochreous head tend to be B. plebejella. In B. gallurella the distal part of the ver- Distribution (fig. 415) tex is mixed with fuscous. However, since both Widespread and moderately common in west species are variable they are often difficult to separate. Mediterranean: Portugal, Spain (particularly inland), Especially in worn specimens it will often be neces- South France, Corsica, Sardinia, Sicily and Italy. sary to examine the genitalia. Remarks Description B. gallurella was described from an unstated num- Adult (figs. 83-85). Wingspan 11-14 mm. Labial ber of syntypes from Sardinia: Tempio, Paulilatio, palpus fuscous creamy white to pale ochreous on Porto Santoru, Aritzo and Sadali. inside, mottled with fuscous on outside, segment 3 darker than segment 2. Antenna fuscous ringed Material examined. – 103 , 45 , 8 spec. – : with ochreous. Head creamy ochreous, mottled with 4 spec., 1855, Mann ( ); 1 , Bocognano, 1905, coll. O. Leonhard, gen. slide AR0439 (); 1 , 2 Bocog- greyish brown on the vertex. Thorax and tegulae con- nana, v-vi.1905 (); 1 , 2 , Corté, 12.vi.1898, Wals- colorous with forewing. Forewing greyish brown to ingham, gen. slide : BM13.811 (); 6 , ibid., dark greyish brown, central part heavily mixed with 21-28.vi.1898; 1 , Ponte alla Leccia, 12.vi.1896, Walsing- ochreous to ochreous brown, extreme base with ham (); 3 , Pozzo di Borgo, nr. Ajaccio, 5.vi.1899, ochreous to ochreous brown spot, followed by black Walsingham, gen. slide BM13.802 (). – : 1 , blotches on costa and tornus; plical and distal stigma- Dept. de Drôme, L’Escoulin, 20.viii.1981, J.H. Kuchlein, gen. slide R0468 (); 1 , Gard Montaren, near Uzès, ta moderately distinct, followed by more or less 8.v.1991, W. Biesenbaum, gen. slide AR0117 (); 1 , distinct streaks of ochreous scales; first discal slightly ibid., 10.V.1991. – : 1 , Lazio, Mt. Flavio, 800 m, beyond second plical; costal and tornal patches ochre- 2.vi.1985, F. Hartig, gen. slide HH2283 (); 1 , ous, fused to form moderately distinct fascia with Lucania, Mt Pollino, Versante Luccano, Dint. Rotonda clear outward bend; subapical area with many black (PZ), 600 m, 8.vii.1991, G. Baldizzone & G. Bassi, gen. scales; cilia concolorous with dark ciliary line and yel- slide HH2333 ( ) – : 3 , 1 , Alentejo, Castelo de Vide, 13.iv.1993, M.F.V. Corley (); 1 , low tips. Hindwing pale ochreous grey at base, darker 1 , Algarve, N of Alportel, 6.ix.1991, M.F.V. Corley, gen. towards apex, cilia concolorous with yellow tips. slide AR0079 (); 2 , Algarve, Lagoa da Nave, Salir, Variation. Specimens can vary from ochreous to al- 9.ix.1991, M.F.V. Corley, gen. slide AR0333 (); 1 , most black. The most vividly coloured forms with Algarve, Ludo, 16.ix.1994, M.F.V. Corley (); 1 , bright ochreous streaks following the stigmata are Algarve, Picota, Serra de Monchique, 17.iv.1994, found on Sicily and Sardinia. M.F.V. Corley ( ); 1 , Alte-Alentejo, 6 km WSW Estremos, 200 m, 10.v.1997, P. Skou, gen. slide HH2475 Male genitalia (figs. 196, 197, 251, 325-328). (); 1 , Portalegre, Alentejo, Portagem, 6.vi.1996, Uncus sub-rectangular, slightly emarginate. Socii M.F.V. Corley, gen. slide 982 (). – : 1 , 2 , with 3-4 setae. Gnathos long and slender with 90 de- coll. Staudinger (); 1 , 1 , Aritzo, 20-29.v.1933, gree bend at ⅓, weakly curved distal part slightly H. G. Amsel (); 1 , ibid., 4.vii.1936; 1 , ibid., thickened halfway. Thornshield triangular with 0-20 7.vii.1936; 1 , Belvi surroundings, 700 m, 22.vi.1975, small spikes. Somewhat resembling the distinctly F. Hartig, gen. slide AR0307 ( ); 1 , 1 , ibid., 15.vi.1975; 1 , ibid., 14.viii.1975; 1 , ibid., 15.viii.1975; larger B. hendrikseni which also has a differently 2 , ibid., 29.viii.1975; 1 , ibid., 2.ix.1975; 1 , 1 , shaped aedeagus. Mt. Cucurri, Mannu, 500 m, 29.v.1974, F. Hartig (); Female genitalia (figs. 292, 293, 388). Segment 1 , Mt. Gennargentu, Arcu Frucca, 950 m, 31.v.1975, VIII with crescent-shaped to roughly semicircular F. Hartig (); 1 , Musei, 120 m, 29.ix.1972, F. Hartig, lamella postvaginalis and microtrichia. Distal end of gen. slide AR0306 (); 1 , 1 , Nuoro, Mamoiado, ventral groove marked by heavily sclerotized exten- 822 m, 9.viii.1983, J.H. Kuchlein, gen. slides : AR0059, 1 : R0471 (, ); 1 , Nuoro, Villanova-Strisaili, sion. Dorsal side of segment VIII with weak median 885 m, 1.viii.1983, J.H. Kuchlein, gen. slide AR0066 tongue. Antrum about as long as wide. Signum
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(); 1 , 1 , Ortuabis near Trotu, 7.viii.1977, F. Hartig Bryotropha species B (); 1 , ibid., 12.viii.1975; 1 , ibid., 10.viii.1976; 1 , (figs. 86, 294, 387, 414) ibid., 18.viii.1976; 1 , ibid., 11.viii.1977; 1 , ibid., 14.viii.1977; 1 , Paolo Meana S., 3.viii.1977, F. Hartig (); 3 , 1 , Rio Tiny, 28.viii.1972, F. Hartig, gen. slides : HH2276, : AR0308 (); 1 , Sadali, Diagnosis 5.vii.1936, H. G. Amsel (); 1 , Tempio-Paus, Small species with faint orange tinge and first dis- 12.v.1933, H. G. Amsel (); 1 , ibid., 15.v.1933. cal directly above second plical. – : 1 , coll. Staudinger (); 1 spec., Mann The wing markings, especially the position of the ( ); 1 spec., Mistretta, 1000 m, 19.ix.1938, H. Reisser discal and plical spots, in combination with the (); 1 , Mistretta, Mercuore, 700 m, 1-6.vii.1952, J. Klimesch (); 1 , ibid., 11-20.vi.1952; 1 , ibid., orange tinge, distinguish the two specimens from 21-30.vi.1952; 1 , Palermo, S. Martino d. Scale, other Bryotropha like B. plebejella (first discal beyond 1-12.vi.1954, J. Klimesch (); 1 , 2 , ibid., second plical) and B. dryadella (ochreous tinge, never 20-31.v.1954. – : 1 , Albacete, El Bonillo, 4.vi.1986, orange). M. Hull (); 2 , 5 , Cáceres, Alcuéscar, 23.v.1986, M. Hull, gen. slides : AR0132, AR0134 ( ); 1 , Description 4 , ibid., 6.ix.1996, gen. slide R0547 (); 1 , ibid., 1.x.1983, H.v.d. Wolf, gen. slide WF3561 (); 1 , 1 , Adult (fig. 86). Wingspan 10-11 mm. Labial pal- Cáceres, Aldeanueva, 9.v.1979, H. v.d. Wolf, gen. slides : pus pale creamy ochreous with orange tinge, suffused WF3576, : WF3577 (); 4 , Cuenca, Valdecabras, brown on outside, segment 3 uniformly brown. An- 25-30.ix.1996, J.B. Wolschrijn), gen. slides R0280, R0309, tenna fuscous ringed with ochre. Frons pale creamy R0310 (); 3 , 1 , El Burgo de Osma, 895 m, 14- ochreous with orange tinge; vertex orange-brown; 15.vi.1995, A.Cox, gen. slides : R0496, : R0438 ( ); thorax with proximal part dark brown and distal part 1 , Granada, 12.v.1901, Walsingham, gen. slide BM13813 (); 1 , Granada, Diezma 1 km S, 18.v.1997, T. Nup- orange. Forewing dark brown heavily mixed with or- ponen (); 1 , Granada, Diezma 1 km S, 21.v.1997, ange-brown in central area. Stigmata well developed; T. Nupponen, gen. slide AR0606 (); 1 , Granada, 22 first discal above second plical and sometimes fused; km above Otivar, Granja Escula, Huerto Alegre, 1250 m, costal and tornal patches orange-brown, fused to a 23.viii.2001, B. Skule (); 6 , ibid., 30.viii.2001; 1 , rather distinct outwards bent fascia; subapical area Granada, Sierra Nevada, 10.ix.1974, M. & W. Glaser, gen. with black scales; cilia with orange tinge at base. slide AR0216 (); 2 , ibid., 3-5.vi.1974, gen. slides AR0251, AR0269; 1 , ibid., 7.vi.1975 (); 2 , 1 , Hindwing pale grey at base, darker towards apex; cil- Granada, Sierra Nevada 1300 m, parque naturel, Barranca, ia concolorous. 25.viii.1998, E. Saarela (); 1 , ibid., 24-27.viii.1998, Variation. The two specimens examined differ in L. Sippola, gen. slide AR0616 (); 1 , Granada, Sierra that first discal and second plical are fused in one and Nevada 700 m, Cherin 2 km N, 28.iii.1998, T. Nupponen separated in the other. ( ); 4 , Granada, Sierra Nevada, above Pinos Genil, Male genitalia: Unknown. 1250 m, 8-10.ix.1974, H. G. Amsel & R.U. Roesler, gen. slides AR0472, AR0473, R0523 (); 1 spec., Granada, Female genitalia (figs. 294, 387): Segment VIII Sierra Nevada 1800 m, parque naturel, Puerto de la Ragua, with crescent-shaped lamella postvaginalis and mi- 24-28.viii.1998, L. Sippola (); 1 , Granada, Torviscon, crotrichia. Distal end of ventral groove marked by 1.v.1981, H.v.d.Wolf, gen. slide R0469 (); 1 , Huel- heavily sclerotized extension. Dorsal side of segment va, Calañas, 15.v.1981, H.v.d. Wolf, gen. slide WF3580 VIII with weak median tongue. Antrum about ( ); 1 , Huelva, Nerva, 25.v.1986, M. Hull ( ); as long as wide. Signum rectangular with two stout 1 , Madrid, Perales de Tajuna, 2.x.1995, J.B. Wolschrijn, gen. slide R0499 (); 1 , Málaga, Benaojan, 900 m, 27- outward pointing spikes on distal end and several 29.v.1994, E. Traugott-Olsen, gen. slide HH2335 (); smaller ones on proximal end. 1 , Málaga, Camino de Benahavis, 7.iv.1981, E. Traugott- Olsen (); 1 , Marbella, Casa y Campo, 100 m, Remarks 5.ix.1979, E. Traugott-Olsen, gen. slide ETO5311 (); The genitalia resemble those of B. gallurella (see 1 , El Mirador, 100 m, 7.iv.1981, E. Traugott-Olsen figs. 292-294), a species restricted to west Mediter- (); 2 , Sevilla, El Ronquillo, 8.ix.1996, M. Hull, gen. slides AR0133, R0546 (); 2 , ibid., ranean. The most significant difference is found on 16.ix.1994 (); 1 , Sevilla, Ronquillo, 15.V.1981, the ventral side of segment VIII. In B. species B the H.v.d. Wolf, gen. slide WF3575 (); 1 , Sierra de sclerotized distal end of the ventral groove is set in a Gredos, Navacepeda, 1500 m, 19.vii.1980, Arenberger, gen. characteristic broad and shallow excavation. In slide AR0158 (); 1 , Sierra de Marbella, El Mirador, B. gallurella segment VIII shows no or only a narrow 700m, 24.iv.1977, E. Traugott-Olsen, gen. slide ETO5321 and shallow excavation. B. species B also has a more (); 1 , Teruel, Noguera, 1600 m, leg. C. Gielis, gen. slide AR0060 (); 1 , Teruel, Puerto de Orihuela, 1650 elegantly shaped lamella postvaginalis while the m, 23viii.2001, B. Skule (); 2 , 3 , Valladolid, apophyses posteriores measure 2.5 times the apophy- Tordesillas, 18.v.1992, M. Hull, gen. slides : R0545, : ses anteriores; in B. gallurella the ratio is 3.5. Exter- AR0131, AR0135 (); 1 spec., Valladolid, Mazales, nally B. gallurella does not resemble B. species B, be- 28.vi.1988, M. Hull (). ing larger, having different wing markings and an
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ochreous tinge. Without knowledge of the male, R0506 (). – : 1 , 1 , Staudinger, however, we refrain from officially naming this gen. slides : AR0163, : AR0173 (); 1 , species. Matka, Treska, canyon, 19-29.v.1955, J. Klimesch, gen. slide AR0403 (); 2 , Ohrid, Distribution (fig. 414) 1-14.viii.1964, Arenberger, gen. slides AR0145, Only known from two locations in mainland AR0150 (); 1 , Prosenik, 7.viii.1986, Greece. E. Baraniak, gen. slide HH2193 (). – : 1 , Antalya 20 km W, 8.v.1996, K. Nupponen & Material examined. – 2 : : 1 , Mt. Taygetos, J. Junnilainen, gen. slide AR0626 (); 1 , 10 km Alagonia, 1000 m, 1.viii.1987, H. v.d. Wolf, gen. slide NW Gümüshane, 1050 m, 10.vi.1969, E. Arenberger, R0453 (); 1 , Pelop., Kato Zakhlorou, vi.1958, J. Klimesch, gen. slide AR0480 (). gen. slide HH2305 ( ); 1 , Celticki, Kizilca- hamam, 4.vi.1970, J. Klimesch, gen. slide AR0479 (); 1 , Kizilcahamam, 925 m, 19.vi – 6.vii.1965, M. & W. Glaser, gen. slide R0517 Bryotropha hendrikseni sp. n. (); 1 , 1 , Seydisehir 20 km SE, 2.vii.1998, (figs. 80-82, 194, 195, 250, 290, 291, 321-324, T. Nupponen, gen. slide : AR0608 (). – - 386, 415) , 1 , 1 , W. Kopet Dag, 40 km E. Garrygala, Type material. – Holotype : : 1200 m, 800 m, 15.v.1993, V. Sruoga, gen. slides : Troodos Mts., Platres, 11-16.v.1999, C. Hviid & HH2257, : HH2256 (); 1 , ibid., B. Skule, genitalia slide HH4415 (). 16.v.1993, 1 , ibid., 7.vi.1993. – : 2 , – Paratypes: 41 , 28 . – : 1 , Slivno, Crimea, 14.viii.1901, I. Sheljushko, gen. slides vi.1916, Rebel, gen. slide AR0388 (). – : R0487, R0488 (); 1 , ibid., 8.VII.1917, gen. 4 , Omalos, 1100-1200 m, 28.vii-2.viii.2001, slide R0489 (). M. Fibiger, G. Jeppesen, D. Nilsson & A. Madsen (). – : 1 , Dalmatia, Knin, Diagnosis 14.viii.1936, J. Hafner, gen. slide AR0479 (); Medium-sized, ochreous to mixed ochreous brown 1 , Zengg, 17.v.1936, Predota, gen. slide AR0393 or orange-brown species. (). – : 2 , Troodos, 1750 m, In the Balkans and in Turkey, B. hendrikseni 23.-29.vi.1997, M. Fibiger, D. Nilsson & P. Svend- strongly resembles B. plebejella and B. sabulosella sen, gen. slide HH2476 (); 1 , Troodos Mts., (q. v.). The most useful character to separate these 3 km S Dhoros, 430 m, 13.-15.v.1999, C. Hviid & three is the colour on the inside of segment 2 of the B. Skule (); 1 , Troodos Mts., 1 km W Lania, labial palpus. In B. plebejella this is plain ochreous, 560 m, 12.v.1999, C. Hviid & B. Skule (); 1 , even in dark specimens, in B. hendrikseni the inside is 1 , Troodos Mts., 1 km N Moniatis, 840 m, fuscous white to pale ochreous and always mixed with 11.-16.v.1999, C. Hviid & B. Skule (); 3 , some fuscous, whereas in B. sabulosella it is pale white 6 , Troodos Mts., Platres, 1200 m, 11.-16.v.1999, to creamy white. Specimens with a clear orange tinge C. Hviid & B. Skule (). – : 3 , Arkadia, also strongly resemble B. horribilis q. v. The speci- Menalo Mts., S Vitina, Elati, 1200 m, 3.viii, 1985, mens from Italy were all from the same locality which M. & E. Arenberger, gen. slides AR417, AR0428 makes it difficult to set up general rules here. Howev- (); 2 , 3 , Delphi, 18.-19.v.1997, E. Å. Sell- er, their distinct ochreous colour separated them from ing, gen. slide : HH2301 (); 1 , Lakonia, pale forms of B. desertella which have a clear brown E of Mt. Taygetos, 1000 m, 1.vi.1994, O. Karsholt colour. (); 1 , Staudinger, gen. slide AR0161 (); 3 , 1 , Makhedonia/Thessalia, Olympos, 700- Description 2100 m, 21-26.v.1990, O. Karsholt, gen. slide : Adult (figs. 80-82). Wingspan 12-14 mm. Labial HH2303 (); 1 , Menikion, Kapnofiton, 600 palpus light ochreous, mottled with fuscous especial- m, 4.-5.ix.1991, F. Schepler, gen. slide HH2311 ly on outside. Antenna fuscous, ringed light ochreous. (); 1 , Olympos, 2.v.1870, Staudinger, gen. Frons ochreous, vertex reddish grey; thorax and tegu- slide AR0164 (); 3 , 1 , Parnassos, lae concolorous with forewing. Forewing fuscous 12.v.1866, Staudinger, gen. slide : AR0168 mixed with large quantities of light ochreous, reddish (); 2 , Peloponnes, Kato Zachhlorou, ca. 600 grey or orange grey. Extreme base with ochreous to m, 21-31.viii.1961, H. Noack, gen. slides AR0112, orange-grey spot followed by more or less distinct AR0116 (). – : 1 , Abruzzo, Gran Sasso, black blotches on costa and tornus; plical and Funivia, 1400 m, 8.vii.1959, Gross, gen. slide discal stigmata rather indistinct, followed by streaks AR0126 (); 3 , 1 , Abruzzo, Ovindoli 1400 of ochreous to orange scales; first discal slightly be- m, 3-13.vii.1959, Gross, gen. slides : R0505, : yond second plical; costal and tornal patches rather
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indistinct, fused to an outwards bent fascia; termen 3.vi.1936, leg. H. G. Amsel, genitalia slide AR0217 lined with black scales; cilia as forewing with one cil- () [examined]. iary line and yellow tips. Hindwing pale ochreous to Bryotropha mulinoides Amsel, 1952: 118, fig. 24. Lectotype (here designated) : : Sardinia, Porto Santuro, brown, darker towards apex, cilia concolorous with 8.vi.1936, leg. H. G. Amsel, genitalia slide 160 (). single ciliary line and yellow tips. Syn. n. Variation. The variation observed in B. hendrikseni Bryotropha zannonicola Hartig, 1953: 68, fig. 3. Holotype is geographically linked. Forms in which the head : : Zannone Isl. 30.ix.1951, leg. C. Prola. Not and labial palpus are pale ochreous and the traced. Syn. n. forewing ochreous seem restricted to Italy. In the Balkans and in Turkey specimens are darker Diagnosis and often with a strong mix of orange. In all popula- Small rather dark brown species often with a black tions the distinctness of the stigmata is moderately median streak on the forewing and a very pale hind- variable. wing. Male genitalia (figs. 194, 195, 250, 321-324). The greyish brown forewing without distinct Uncus sub-rectangular. Socii with 4 or more setae. markings and the very pale hindwing with its dark Gnathos slender with 90 degree bend at ⅓, distal part apex distinguish B. pallorella from other small weakly curved, slightly thickened halfway. Thorn- Bryotropha species like B. plebejella, B. senectella and shield triangular with 0-20 small spikes. Vinculum B. gallurella. A dark median streak on the forewing, sometimes with patch of microtrichia. Aedeagus with which was present in nearly half the specimens exam- bend just underneath apex (arrowhead in fig. 195). ined, is also not found in other small Bryotropha The comparatively large size of the genitalia and the species. In its distribution area B. pallorella can occa- aedeagus with the typical bend underneath the apex sionally be confused with small forms of B. figulella, characterize B. hendrikseni. q. v. In the east part of the Mediterranean B. pallorella Female genitalia (figs. 290, 291, 386). Segment is replaced by the very similar B. hulli q. v. VIII with many microtrichia and near to semicircular lamella postvaginalis with two tiny lobes. Distal end Description of ventral groove marked by heavily sclerotized exten- Adult (figs. 92-94). Wingspan 11-13 mm. Labial sion. Dorsal side of segment VIII with weak median palpus fuscous creamy white, mottled with fuscous tongue. Antrum more than twice as long as wide. on outside especially on segment 3. Antenna fuscous Signum small, sub-rectangular, sideways pointing ringed with ochreous. Frons ochreous; vertex darker, spikes on corners. Its large size in combination with often with median line. Thorax and tegulae as the very long antrum, the shape of the lamella post- forewing. Forewing greyish brown to dark greyish vaginalis and the shape of the signum distinguish brown, weakly mottled with lighter and darker scales; B. hendrikseni from other Bryotropha. extreme base with indistinct basal spot, followed by more or less distinct black blotches on costa and Biology tornus; plical and discal stigmata rather indistinct; The early stages are unknown. Adults have been first discal beyond second plical; costal and tornal collected from May to early September. Altitudinal patches indistinct, sometimes forming a faint, out- range from 430 to 1750 m. wards bent fascia; termen often lined with black scales; cilia concolorous with faint ciliary lines. Hind- Distribution (fig. 415) wing very pale brown at base, much darker towards Widespread but local in south-east Europe and apex, cilia concolorous. south-west Asia: Italy, Croatia, Macedonia, Bulgaria, Variation. The forewing may vary from light Greece, Crete, Cyprus, Turkey, Ukraine and Turk- ochreous brown with rather clear stigmata, to dark menia. grey-brown with indistinct stigmata Many specimens display a well developed black median streak; Etymology specimens with otherwise pale orange-brown Dedicated to our friend Mr. H. Hendriksen for his forewing invariably have this streak. continuous excellent technical assistance. Male genitalia (figs. 198-200, 252, 253, 347, 348). Uncus sub-rectangular. Socii with 3-5 setae. Gnathos relatively slender, distinctly widened after Bryotropha pallorella Amsel sharp bend (fig. 253). Thornshield triangular with (figs. 92-94, 198-200, 252, 253, 296, 297, 347, 50 to 60 spikes. Posterior margin of vinculum 348, 389, 416) with smooth curve. Due to its peculiar shape, Bryotropha pallorella Amsel, 1952: 117, fig. 23. Lectotype the gnathos of B. pallorella is extremely prone to de- : (here designated): Sardinia, S. Caterina, formations during embedding (figs. 200, 252). The
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genitalia somewhat resemble B. hulli, q. v. and B. mulinoides a synonym of B. pallorella. B. similis. A typical feature of B. pallorella is the Bryotropha zannonicola was described from one smooth curve of the vinculum, which is most appar- female collected 30 September 1951 in Zannone ent in laterally embedded genitalia. In B. similis and Island, Italy (Hartig 1953). It was placed next to B. hulli the vinculum displays a weak knee (see figs. B. gallurella and characterized in part by lacking the 201, 216). signum in corpus bursae. The holotype could not Female genitalia (figs.296, 297, 389). Segment be found either in the Università la Sapenza, Roma VIII with microtrichia and crescent-shaped to rough- (U. Parenti in litt.; A. Zilli in litt.) or in the ly semicircular lamella postvaginalis with two tiny (G. Bassi in litt.). However, a colour transparency of lobes. Distal end of ventral groove marked by heavily the holotype of B. zannonicola is kept in , and sclerotized extension. Dorsal side of segment VIII through their courtesy we received a copy. It shows a with weak median tongue. Antrum about twice as Bryotropha with a brownish head with a slightly dark- long as wide. Signum trapezoid, with stout outward er line running over the middle, indistinct wing pointing spines on corners, distal spikes markedly markings and pale hindwings. This combination of stronger than proximal ones. Differs from related characters is only found in B. pallorella and we there- species by the tiny lobes on the lamella postvaginalis fore consider B. zannonicola a synonym of B. pallorella. and the trapezoidal signum. Its abdomen is missing as it was probably used for study of the genitalia. If the schematic drawing of the Biology female genitalia in the original description was that of The early stages are unknown. Adults have been B. zannonicola, its corpus bursae must have been lost collected from March to October with most records in during dissection, because all female Bryotropha ex- April-May and in September-October indicating two amined by us had a signum in the corpus bursae. generations. Altitudinal range from sea level to 900 m. Material examined. – 190 , 117 , 23 spec. – : Distribution (fig. 416) 1 , Cargèse, 0-30 m, 15-16.v.1999, O. Karsholt, gen. slide HH2516 (); 1 , Corte, 6.vi.1893, Walsingham, gen. Widespread in Portugal and Spain, particularly in slide BM13.821 (); 1 , Pozzo di Borgo, near Ajaccio, the south. In France known from several locations 5.vi.1899, Walsingham, gen. slide BM13.800 (). along the Mediterranean coast and, more remarkable, – : 1 , Antibes, A.M., La Braque, 10.v.1910, from an old specimen from the Atlantic coast R. Homberg, gen. slide AR0442 (); 1 , 10 km (L’Ile d’Oléron); further known from Corsica, E Beziers, Vias Plage, 20-30.v.1999, B. Skule (); 1 , Sardinia, Italy and Morocco. A record from Cyprus Frontignan pl., 22-23.v.2000, A. Cox ( ); 1 , ibid., 27-28.v.2000; 1 spec., L’Ile d’Oleron, 7.viii.1920 (); (Arenberger & Wimmer 2003: 46) probably refers to 1 , Monte Carlo, 1.vi.1899, Walsingham, gen. slide B. hulli sp. n. BM13.829 (). – : 1 , Apulia [Puglie], Nardo, Case Arge, 20.v.1969, F. Hartig (); 1 , Campania, Remarks Amalfi, 8.v.1918, Walsingham, gen. slide BM13.778 B. pallorella was described from three specimens (); 1 , ibid., 6.v.1918, gen. slide BM13.807; 1 , from Sardinia: one male type from Porto Santoru, Lazio, Fregen, 9.v.1938, C.T.E. Hartig ( ); 1 , ibid., 15.v.1940. – : 7 , 6 , Rabat, 1-15.v.1962/3, 12 June 1936, one female type from S. Caterina, Schwartz, gen. slide AR0457 (). – : 1 , 3 June 1936, and one paratype with same data as the Algarve, Cabeço, Vila Real de Santo Antonio, 20.iv.1992, female type. The male type is here designated as the M.F.V. Corley, gen. slide AR0070 (); 2 , Algarve, lectotype (see above). Carrapateira, 6.x.1995, M.F.V. Corley, gen. slides 482, B. mulinoides was described from six specimens AR0132 (); 1 Algarve, Cerro de Apra, Loulé, from Sardinia: one male type, one female type and 5.v.1995, M.F.V. Corley, gen. slide AR0336 ( ); 3 , 1 , Algarve, Ludo, 10.vi.1994, M.F.V. Corley, gen. slide three female paratypes from: Porto Santoru, 8 June 543, AR0071 (); 1 , Algarve, Sagres, 16.iv.1997, 1936 and 18 June 1936, and two paratypes from Mu- M.F.V. Corley, gen. 1197 (); 1 Algarve, Vale da ravera. The male type is here designated as the lecto- Fonte, 20.ix.1994, M.F.V. Corley, gen. slide 654 (); type (see above). 1 , Portalegre, Alentejo, Galegos, 19.ix.1995, M.F.V. The typical feature of B. mulinoides is a dark medi- Corley, gen. slide 840 (); 1 , Portalegre, Alentejo, an streak on the forewings. This, however, is a very Portagem, 6.vi.1996, M.F.V. Corley, gen. slide 988 ( ); 1 , Portalegre, Galegos, 4.vi.1997, M.F.V. Corley (). dubious character since in several Bryotropha species – : 1 , 1 , Caterina, 3.vi.1936, H. G. Amsel, gen. (see e. g. B. figulella) the presence of a median streak slide AR0317 (); 1 , Domusnovas Tiny, 23.ix.1977, belongs to the normal variation. Nearly half the spec- F. Hartig (); 1 , ibid., 7.ix.1972; 1 , ibid., imens we identified as B. pallorella from Spain had 12.ix.1972, 1 , ibid., 17.ix.1972; 2 , ibid., 23.ix.1972; a more or less strongly pronounced median streak. 1 , ibid., 9.ix.1972; 1 , Musei, 120 m, 9.ix.1972, F. Hartig, gen. slide Ht.4636 (); 2 , Porto Santoru, Since the genitalia of the types of B. mulinoides are identical to those of B. pallorella we consider 8.vi.1936, H. G. Amsel, gen. slide AR0328 ( ); 1 , Rio
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Tiny, 200 m, 5.x.1973, F. Hartig, gen. slide AR0304 ETO5608; 16 , Murcia, Alhama de Murcia, Sierra (), 2 , 2 , Rio Tiny, 320 m, 28.ix.1972, F. Hartig, Espuña, 28.v.1973, M. & W. Glaser, gen. slides : gen. slide : AR0299 (); 2 , Sisinneddu, 450m, AR0224, AR0226, AR0242, : AR0210, AR0218, 18.IX.1973 F. Hartig, gen. slide AR0305 (). – : AR0225, AR0233, AR0241, AR0255, AR0260 (); 1 spec., Albacete, El Bonillo, 4.vi.1986, M. Hull (); 1 , ibid., 27.V.1973; 1 , ibid., 29.v.1973, gen. slide 5 , 2 , Almeria, 10 km E Bedar, El Pinar, 325 m, AR0248; 1 , ibid., 31.V.1973; 8 , 1 , ibid., 1.vi.1973, 19-27.iv.2001, P. Skou & B. Skule (); 1 , 1 , gen. slides : AR0211, : AR0207; 1 , ibid., 2.vi.1973; Almeria, near Garrucha, 5 m, Camping ‘La Palmeras’, 1 , Refugio de Juanar, 700 m, 29.vii.1971, E. Traugott- 4-6.x.1974, H. G. Amsel & R.U. Roesler, gen. slide : Olsen (); 1 , Sevilla, Mazagon, 0-100 m, 1.x.1978, AR0470 (); 1 , Almeria, Mini Hollywood, 230 m, M. & W. Glaser, (); 1 , Sevilla, Puerto Real, 4-8.v.1995, F. Schepler, gen. slide HH3067 (); 1 , N Chiclana, 30m, 24-28.ix.1974, H. G. Amsel & R.U. Almeria, 7 km S Tabernas, Mini Hollywood, 650 m, Roesler (); 1 , Sevilla, El Rompido near Huelva, 2-3.v.2000, H.v.d. Wolf (); 1 , Almeria, 3 km SW 17.ix.1974, H. G. Amsel & R.U. Roesler (); 1 , ibid., Tabernas, Rambla de Taberna, 400 m, 3.v.2000, P. Skou & 18-20.ix.1974; 1 , ibid., 16-21.ix.1974; 5 spec., Sevilla, B. Skule, gen. slide HH3330 (); 1 , Almeria, 5 km El Ronquillo, 16.ix.1994, M. Hull (); 1 , ibid., SW Tabernas, Rambla de Taberna, 350 m, 18-25.iv.2000, 16.IX.1994, gen. slide AR0137 (); 13 spec., ibid., P. Skou & B. Skule, gen. slide HH3332 (); 1 , 24.v.1986; 1ex., ibid., 22.v.1996; 1ex., Valladolid, Tordesil- Almuñécar, 150 m, 22-27.x.2000, G. Jeppesen (); las, 18.v.1992, M. Hull, (); 1 , , : Es 1 spec., Cadiz, Tiradero, 15.v.1979, M. Hull, (); 1 , Castel, March Valley, 14-20.x.2000, M.R. Honey, gen. Granada, Torvision, 20.v.1975, H.v.d.Wolf, gen. slide slide HH2786 (). R0340 (); 1 , Granada, Velez Benandalla, 29.iv.1978, H.v.d.Wolf, gen. slide WF3556 (); 1 , 1 , Granada, Baza, 110 km E Granada, 2.vi.1975, M. & W. Glaser, gen. slides : 1708, : 1709 (); 8 , 8 , ibid., 23.V.1979, Bryotropha hulli sp. n. gen. slides : AR0212, AR0229, AR0232; 8 , 15 , ibid., (figs. 87-91, 201, 202, 254, 298, 299, 345, 346, 19.ix.1973, gen. slides : AR0219, AR0220, AR0221, 390, 416) AR0237, R0530, AR0531; 10 , 5 , ibid., 3-5.vi.1974, gen. slide : AR0263; 2 , ibid., 30.ix.1975; 2 , 1 , ibid., Type material. – Holotype : : 430 m, 16.v.1979, gen. slide : AR0236; 1 , ibid., 26.ix.1972; Troodos Mts., 3 km S Dhoros, 13.-15.v.1999, 2 , ibid., 18.ix.1974, gen. slide AR0204; 1 , ibid., 18- C. Hviid & B. Skule, gen. slide : HH2629 (). 19.ix.1973; 14 , 13 , ibid., 22-26.v.1979, gen. slides : – Paratypes: 185 , 152 . – : 2 , 1 , AR0281, AR0282, : AR0256; 1 , ibid., 10.v.1977, gen. Black Sea coast, Arkutino, 25.v-15.vi.1980, F. Eich- slide AR0238; 1 , ibid., 18.ix.1973, gen. slide AR0243; , ibid., 2.vi.1975, gen. slide HH2330 (); 3 , ibid., ler, gen. slide : AR0423 ( ). – : 1 , 18.ix.1974, gen. slide HH1625; 3 , 4 , ibid., 22- Anoye, 750 m, 8.vii.1962, H. Reisser (); 1 , 26.v.1979, gen. slides : OK3664, : HH1633, OK4155; Bali, 20 m, 29.ix.1994, R. Sutter, gen. slide GU5582 1 , ibid., 30.ix.1975; 2 , Granada, Sierra Nevada, 700 m, (); 1 , ibid., 5.x.1994, gen. slide GU5583; 1 , 8.vi.1975, M. & W. Glaser ( ); 2 , Granada, Orgiva, ibid., 4.x.1994; 1 , ibid., 30.ix.1994; 2 , Ag. Gali- Las Alpujarras, 15.vi.1971, Glaser (); 1 , Huelva, ni, 20 m, 17.v.1994, R. Sutter, ( ); 1 , road El Rocio, 11.v. 1981, H.v.d.Wolf ( ); 1 , Huelva, Calañas, 15.v.1981, H.v.d.Wolf, gen. slide WF3582 Iraklion-Malia, 27.ix.1979, M. & W. Glaser ( ); (); 1 spec., Huelva, Torre la Higuera, 25.v.1992, 4 , 2 , ibid., 18.ix.-2.x.1979, (); 2 , Krystal- M. Hull (); 1 , Málaga, Marbella, 28.ix.1983, lenia, 1904, Rebel (); 1 , Makrigialos, Aspros H.v.d.Wolf, gen. slide WF3554 (); 1 , Málaga, Potamos, 20 m, 16.v.1998, R. Sutter, (); 1 , Periana, 24.iv.1978, H.v.d.Wolf (); 1 spec., Málaga, ibid., 18.V.1998; 3 , 3 , road Malia-Neapolis, El Burgo, 900 m, 17.ix.1994, M. Hull ( ); 1 , Mála- v.1980, M. & W. Glaser, gen. slide : AR0273 ga, Cala Moral, 4.v.1901, Walsingham, gen. slide 13.786 (); 4 , 1 , Málaga, Camino de Benahavis, ( ); 1 , 1 , Neapolis, 1904, Rebel ( ). 21.iv.1980, E. Traugott-Olsen, gen. slide : ETO5560 – : 1 , Dalmatia, coll. Staudinger, gen. slide (); 1 , Málaga, Camino de Ojen, 150 m, 5.viii.1980, AR0175 (); 1 , Dalmatia, Gravosa, 20.v.1927, E. Traugott-Olsen (); 1 , ibid., 5.x.1982, gen. slide Knitschke, gen. slide AR0427 (); 1 , ibid., ETO5712; 3 , ibid., 15.x.1984; 1 , Málaga, Nerja, 15.v.1927. – : 1 , 1 , salt lake, W Larnaca, E Maro, 25.v.1971, R. Roesler, gen. slide AR0377 (); 2.viii.1983, M. & E. Arenberger, gen. slide : 1 , Marbella, Casa y Campo, 100 m, 10.iv.1971, E. Trau- gott-Olsen (); 1 , ibid., 22.x.1984; 4 , 1 , ibid., GU339 ( ); 1 , 1 , W Limasol, 300 m, 28.x.1984, gen. slide : HH2313; 2 , ibid., 17.x.1984; 28.x.1989, M. & E. Arenberger, gen. slide : 5 , ibid., 20.x.1984; 1 , ibid., 14.iv.1991; 26 , 1 , AR0146 (); 3 , 1 , 11 km N Limasol, near Maszenas, dunes, 14-16.ix.1974, M. & W. Glaser, gen. slide Garyllis River, 240 m, 11.-15.v.1999, C. Hviid & AR0215 ( ); 1 , El Mirador, 100 m, 2.x.1975, B. Skule (); 3 ; 4 , Paphos, 8-20.v.1993, E. Traugott-Olsen (); 3 , ibid., 14.x.1972; 3 , ibid., 15.x.1972; 2 , ibid., 20.ix.1974; 3 , ibid., 27.x.1975; 1 , J. Wimmer ( ); 1 , Troodos Mts., N Ayii ibid., 3.v.1976; 1 , ibid., 16.iii.1977, gen. slide HH2272; Vavatsinias, Kionia, 1400 m, 7.viii.1983, M. & E. 1 , 1 , ibid., 19.iv.1977, gen. slide : ETO5320; 3 , Arenberger (); 4 , 2 , Troodos Mts., 3 km 3 , ibid., 24.iv.1977, gen. slides : ETO5343, ETO5719; S Dhoros, 430 m, 13.-15.v.1999, C. Hviid & 1 , ibid., 7.x.1977; 1 , ibid., 4.vi.1981, gen. slide B. Skule, gen. slide : HH2629 (); 1 , Troodos
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Mts., 1 km W Lania, 560 m, 12.v.1999, C. Hviid & 23.ix.1998, gen. slides : GU5847, : GU5849; B. Skule (); 2 , Troodos Mts., Platres, 1200 m, 3 , ibid., 25.ix.1998; 2 , 1 , ibid., 26.ix.1998; 11.-16.v.1999, C. Hviid & B. Skule (); 2 , 1 , 2 , ibid., 27.ix.1998; 1 , ibid., 28.ix.1998; Vasilikos Mari, riverbed, ca. 50 m, 16-17.viii.1983, 1 , ibid., 1.x.1998; 2 , 2 , ibid., 2.x.1998, gen. M. & E. Arenberger, gen. slides AR0142, GU321 slides : GU5846, : GU5850. – , : (); 1 , ibid., 1.xi.1989, gen. slide AR0147. 1 , Agios Gorgios, 18.ix.2001, H. Hendriksen, 1 , – (mainland): 1 , Delphi, ca. 700 m, ibid., 20.ix.2001, gen. slide HH3326 () 26.vii.1984, M. & E. Arenberger (); 1 , – , : 2 , 1 , 5 km E Kos, 1-3.x.1988, Kalávryta, 700 m, 3-13.vi.1958, J. Klimesch (); R. Johansson (). – , : 1 , Molivos, 2 , 1 , Kato Zachlorou (Kalav), 13-30.vi.1958, 20 m, 3.ix.1995, R. Sutter, (); 1 , 3 , Molivos, J. Klimesch (); 1 , 1 , Lakonia, Monemvasia, 6.vi.1994, J. P. Baungaard, 2 , 2 , ibid., 8.vi.1994, 9. & 24.v.1979, G. Christensen & L. Gozmány gen. slides : HH2243, : HH2238 ();2 , (); 1 , ibid., 18.v.1979; 2 , ibid., 11.v.1979 Parakila, 30.vi.2000, M. Hull (); 4 , 2 , (); 1 , Lakonia, 5 km S Monemvasia, 30 m, river Potamia, 5 km NW Skala kallonis, 6.vii.2000, 8.viii.1974, G. Christensen (); 3 , 1 , ibid., M. Hull (); 2 , 2 , ibid., 10.vii.2000; 2 , 5.x.1977; 4 , 2 , ibid., 7.x.1977; 3 , 1 , ibid., 2 , ibid., 12.vii.2000; 4 , 10 , ibid., 26.vii.2000, 8.x.1977; 1 , ibid., 9.x.1977; 2 , ibid., 18.v.1978, M. Hull; 2 , Skala kallonis, 14.ix.1993, M. Hull gen. slides HH1704, HH1720; 1 , ibid., 22.v.1978; (); 1 , ibid., 30.v.1995. – , : 1 , 1 , ibid., 15.ix.1979; 1 , ibid., 20.ix.1979; 1 , Prokopias 20 m, 11.v.1999, R. Sutter, gen. slide ibid., 21.ix.1979; 1 , ibid., 27.ix.1979; 1 , 1 , GU6111 (); 1 , ibid., 12.v.1999, gen. slide ibid., 11.x.1979; 1 , ibid., 13.x.1979; 1 , ibid., GU6112; 1 , ibid., 29.v.1999, gen. slide GU6038. 16.v.1980, gen. slide HH2192, 1 , ibid., 8.vi.1980; – , : 1 , Faliraki, 4.vi.1984, 1 , ibid., 11.vi.1982; 2 , ibid., 12.ix.1982; 1 , J. Klimesch (); 1 , ibid., 5.v.1985; 1 , ibid., ibid., 17.ix.1983; 1 , ibid., 19.ix.1983; 1 , ibid., 5.v.1991; 3 , ibid., 8.v.1985; 1 , 5 , ibid., 1.x.1983; 1 , ibid., 13.x.1983, gen. slide HH2196; 24.iv.1986; 2 , 2 , ibid., 3.v.1985, gen. slide : 1 , ibid., 18.v.1985; 2 , ibid., 6.x.1986, 1 , ibid., AR0410; 3 , 3 , ibid., 23.iv.1986, gen. slide : 16.v.1983; 1 , Lakonia, 7 km SW Monemvasia, AR0409; 1 , ibid., 19.iv.1986; 1 , ibid., 1.ix.1972, G. Christensen (); 6 , 2 , ibid., 25.iv.1986; 1 , ibid., 2.v.1987; 1 , ibid., 8.v.1987; 22.ix.1979, gen. slides : HH2206, HH2207; 2 , 1 , 1 , ibid., 26.iv.1987; 1 , 6 , Kolombia, 40 ibid., 22.ix.1979; 1 , 1 , ibid., 25.ix.1979; 1 , m, 4-8.vii.2000, M. Fibiger, gen. slides : HH2271, ibid., 25.ix.1979, gen. slide HH2195; 3 , Lakonia, : HH3019 (); 1 , 2 km NW Lindos, 50 m, Taygetos, 1000-1200 m, 12.vi.1979, L. Gozmány & 1.vi.1993, R. Sutter, gen. slide GU3779 (); 1 , G. Christensen, gen. slide HH2373 (, ); Lindos, 8.v.1973, J. Klimesch (); 3 , 12 , 2 , Litochoron, 3-400 m, 14-22.vi.1957, 5 km S Rhodos, 250 m, 4-8.vii.2000, M. Fibiger, J. Klimesch (); 1 , 1 , Pelop, Drepanon gen. slide : HH2320 (); 2 , Mt. Smith, (Nauplia), 24.v.1982, J. Klimesch (); 1 , 19.v.1975, J. Klimesch (), 1 , ibid., 14.v.1975. Messene, 19.V.1979, M. Horak, gen. slide GP10638 – , : 1 , Kokkari, 10 m, 12.vi.1996, (); 2 , 2 , Peloponnes, Kalávryta, 750 m, R. Sutter (). – : 1 , Jerusalem, Ain Karem, 1-10.vi.1959, H. Noack, gen. slides : AR0115, : 14.v.1930, H. Amsel, gen. slide AR0460 (). AR0120, R0486 (), 1 , Peloponnes, Kato – : 3 , 6 , Stari, Doj Ran, 10-19.vi.1955, Zachlorou, 600 m, near Kalávryta, 11-15.vi.1959, J. Klimesch (); 6 , 6 , ibid., 2-10.vi.1955. H. Noack, gen. AR0119 (); 3 , 1 , Tritaia, – : 1 , Qual’aat Saam’aan (St. Simon), 535 m, near Itea/Delphi, 150 m, 24.iv.1973, Gross, gen. 16.x.2000, B. Skule, gen. slide HH2769 (). slide : R0483 (). – , : 1 , – : 1 , Antalya 20 km W, 8.V.1996, K. Nup- Marathonas, 10 m, 8.vi.1995, R.Sutter, (). ponen & J. Junnilainen, gen. slide AR0607 (); – , : 1 , Kato Fana, 22.ix.2000, 2 , 1 , Bogacoy, 26.ix.1989, E. Baraniak, gen. slide M. Hull, A7201 (); 1 , Limnia, 15 m, : HH2228 (); 1 , Gebze (Izmit), 11.ix.1996, R. Sutter, (); 1 , ibid., 5.ix.1996; 2-3.vi.1969, F. Hahn, gen. slide AR0406 (); 1 , ibid., 8.IX.1996; 1 , ibid., 3.ix.1996; 1 , ibid., 2 , Gebze 50 km E Istanbul, 15.v.1969, M. & W. 14.ix.1996; 1 , ibid., 1.ix.1996; 1 , 1 , ibid., Glaser (); 2 , Kayseri, Erciyes Dagh, 2100 m, 19.ix.2000,; 1 , 1 , ibid., 20.IX.2000; 1 , ibid., 19.x.1987, Moeberg & Hillman, gen. slide HH2478 21.ix.2000; 1 , 1 , ibid., 22.ix.2000; 1 , ibid., (); 2 , Kesan, 5.vii.1987, E. Baraniak, gen. 23.ix.2000; 1 , ibid., 24.ix.2000; 1 , 1 , ibid., slide HH2269 (); 1 , 1 , Kizilcahamam, 925 25.ix.2000; 1 , ibid., 28.ix.2000; 1 , ibid., m, 15-18.v.1969, M. & W. Glaser, gen. slide : 29.ix.2000. – , : 2 , Ormos Gialos 15m, AR0280 (); 3 , 1 Mugla, Torunc, 650-750 m, 22.ix.1998, R. Sutter, (); 2 , 1 , ibid., 20.-21.ix.1995, F. Iversen, gen. slide : HH2307
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(); 2 , 7 , SW Yalova, at Lake Marmara, tral groove marked by heavily sclerotized extension. 31.v.1969, F. Kasy, gen. slide : AR0426 (); Dorsal side of segment VIII with weak median 1 , 1 , ibid., 25.VI.1969, Arenberger, gen. slide : tongue. Antrum about twice as long as wide. Signum AR0279 (). small, sub-rectangular, with two stout forward point- ing spikes on distal side, proximal side with small Diagnosis spikes sometimes without. Easily separated from re- Small species with almost unicolorous dark brown lated species by its small size. forewing and pale hindwing. B. hulli is relatively easy to identify due to its small Biology size, the dark brown forewing without clear wing The early stages are unknown. Adults have been markings, and the pale hindwing. Even relatively well collected from late April to early November in several marked specimens never have distinct patches or generations. Altitudinal range from sea level to 1400 streaks of light scales after the discal and plical stig- m, in central Turkey even to 2100 m. mata, which separates them from B. affinis, B. senectella and B. dryadella. B. hulli resembles a Distribution (fig. 416) dwarf form of B. pallorella; the latter is restricted to Widespread and often very common in East the west part of the Mediterranean, B. hulli only oc- Mediterranean: Croatia, Macedonia, Bulgaria, main- curs in the east part. land Greece, Aegean Islands, Crete, Cyprus, Turkey, Syria and Israel. Description Adult (figs. 87-91). Wingspan 9-11 mm. Labial Etymology palpus creamy white to ochreous, mottled with Named after Mr. M. Hull for his generous offering fuscous, especially on outside. Antenna fuscous of numerous interesting specimens of Bryotropha, ringed ochreous. Frons ochreous; vertex, thorax and among them a large sample of this species. tegulae concolorous with forewing. Forewing brown to dark greyish brown, more or less heavily mottled Bryotropha plebejella (Zeller) with ochreous; extreme base often with pale spot, (figs. 95-98, 203, 204, 255, 295, 329-332, 391, 417) followed by distinct black blotches on costa and tornus; plical and discal stigmata indistinct, first dis- Gelechia plebejella Zeller, 1847: 550. Holotype : : cal slightly beyond second plical; costal and tornal Sicily, Syracus, 5.v., leg. P. C. Zeller (‘plebejella Z., Syracus, 5. mai; 59; Vidit. Hnm; Zeller coll., Walsingham patches indistinct, fused to a faint, slightly outwards collection 1910-427; Gelechia plebejella Zell., Isis p. 250 bent fascia; subapical area with mixture of light (1847), Type; Holotype, Gelechia plebejella Z., teste and dark scales; cilia greyish brown with single dark K. Sattler, 1961; B.M. Genitalia slide No. 7130’) ciliary line and yellow tips. Hindwing very pale () [examined]. brown at base, much darker towards apex; cilia con- Gelechia imperitella Staudinger, 1859: 242. Lectotype : colorous. (here designated): Granada; (‘Lectotype, Granada m., Origin., Lectotype Gelechia imperitella Stdgr, teste Variation. Due to varying ratios of dark (brown to K. Sattler, 1986’) () [examined]. fuscous) and light (ochreous to orange-brown) scales, Aristotelia ancillula Walsingham, 1908: 930. Holotype : individual specimens can vary from dark ochreous : Canary Isl., Tenerife, Guimar, 25.iii.1907, leg. grey, orange-brown, dark brown to ochreous tinged Walsingham; (‘Wlsm. 98982; Walsingham collection fuscous. Wing markings can occasionally be rather 1910-427; Aristotelia ancillula Wlsm., Pr. Z. Soc. Lond. prominent. 1907 p. 930, Type [sic!] descr.; B.M. genitalia slide No. 7091’ () [examined]. Male genitalia (figs. 201, 202, 254, 345, 346). Bryotropha inexpectella Nel, 1999: 348, fig. 2. Holotype : Uncus sub-rectangular, rather small. Socii with two : Bouches-du-Rhône, massif de la Sainte-Baume, seldom three setae. Gnathos relatively slender with ‘la Grande Baume’, 610 m, 5.ix.1998, leg. J. Nel (coll. sharp 120 degree bend, distal part thickening before Nel) [not examined]. Syn. n. halfway. Thornshield triangular with 15-30 small spikes. The male genitalia underline the relationship Diagnosis to B. pallorella from which it differs in its distinctly Small to medium-sized ochreous brown species smaller size, the shape of the gnathos, socii with two with a striking pale ochreous head. setae (three to four in B. pallorella), and thornshield Typical for B. plebejella are the striking ochreous with up to 30 small spikes (50-60 spikes of different head, the presence of a warm orange tinge on the sizes in B. pallorella). forewing and the rather indistinct wing markings. Female genitalia (figs. 298, 299, 390). Segment B. pallorella has the median part of the vertex distinct- VIII with microtrichia and crescent-shaped lamella ly darker than the frons and also has lighter hindwing. postvaginalis with two tiny lobes. Distal end of ven- B. gallurella, B. hendrikseni, B. horribilis, B. species B, q. v.
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Description (e. g., Hering 1932) and Romania (Kovács & Kovács, Adult (figs. 95-98). Wingspan 10-13 mm. Labial 1999) are probably based on misidentifications. palpus pale ochreous, mottled with fuscous on outside. Antenna fuscous, ringed with ochreous. Head ochre- Remarks ous, sometimes slightly darker at vertex; thorax and Gelechia plebejella was described from one speci- tegulae slightly lighter than forewing. Forewing brown men in good condition, which was smoked out from heavily mixed with ochreous, often with orange tinge; plants at the edge of a corn field on 5 May near extreme base with distinct ochreous to orange spot Syracuse (‘Syracus’) in Sicily, Italy (Zeller 1847). followed by black blotches on costa and tornus; plical Aristotelia ancillula was described from one male and discal stigmata moderately distinct, first discal (stated to be a female) collected on 25 March 1907 in slightly beyond second plical; costal and tornal patches Guimar on Tenerife, Canary Islands (Walsingham dark ochreous and fused to form a very indistinct 1908). It was synonymised with B. plebejella by fascia with outward bend; subapical area with many Sattler (1968). black scales; cilia concolorous with one or two dark cil- Gelechia imperitella was described from an unstated iary lines and yellow tips. Hindwing pale ochreous at number of specimens collected in April and May base, darker towards apex; cilia concolorous with yel- 1857 or 1858 in Granada, Spain (Staudinger 1859). low tips. A specimen in already labelled as the lectotype Variation. Moderately variable in both size and is here formally designated (see above). colour. Moths vary from ochreous, light reddish Bryotropha inexpectella was described from one ochreous, to greyish brown. Specimens from Madeira male collected by J. Nel 5 September 1998 in and the Canary Islands are distinctly darker than Gémenos, Bouches-du-Rhône, France. It was report- specimens from elsewhere and sometimes lack any ed to be similar to B. plebejella, only differing in the trace of ochreous. The largest forms of B. plebejella shape of the gnathos (Nel 1999). We did not study are found in the Balkans and in Turkey. the holotype, but the illustration of its genitalia (espe- Male genitalia (figs. 203, 204, 255, 329-332). Un- cially the sub-rectangular tegumen and the shape of cus sub-rectangular, rather small. Socii with 3-4 setae. the gnathos) leaves no doubt that it falls within the Gnathos slender with sharp bend at ⅓, distal part normal range of variation for B. plebejella. straight with small but distinct sharp bend at ⅔. Thornshield sub-rectangular with 30-50 spikes. Differs Material examined: 341 spec., including 111 genitalia from related species by the sub-rectangular thornshield preparations – : 2 spec. – : 5 spec. – : 5 spec. – : 9 spec. – : 3 spec. – : in combination with a long and slender gnathos. 40 spec. – : 2 spec. – : 2 spec. – : 3 spec. Female genitalia (figs. 295, 391). Segment VIII – : 10 spec. – : 15 spec. – : with strongly curved lamella postvaginalis and 4 spec. – : 2 spec. – : 201 spec. – : 1 spec. microtrichia. Distal end of ventral groove marked by – : 5 spec. – : 12 spec. – no location data: 14 spec. a heavily sclerotized plug. Dorsal side of segment VIII with weak median tongue. Signum sub-oval, distally Bryotropha dryadella (Zeller) pointed, with stout outward pointing spikes on cor- (figs. 101-104, 123, 205-207, 256, 300, 301, 333- ners. The sclerotized plug at the end of the ventral 336, 392, 418) groove and the shape of the signum distinguish B. plebejella from other species. Gelechia dryadella Zeller, 1850: 152. Holotype : : Toscana, vi.1846, leg. J. Mann; (‘dryadella, Tocs., F.R. 677; 55; 41/5/6; Zeller coll., Walsingham collec- Biology tion 1910-427; Gelechia dryadella Z. (1/1) descr.; The early stages are unknown. Adults have been Holotypus , Gelechia dryadella Z., teste K. Sattler, collected from April to late September, probably in 1961; B. M. Genitalia slide 7167’) () [examined]. two generations. Altitudinal range from sea level to Bryotropha saralella Amsel, 1952: 115, figs 20-22. Lectotype 2250 m in the Sierra Nevada. (here designated): : Sardinia, Aritzo, 3.vi.1936, leg. H. G. Amsel, genitalia slide 166 () [examined]. Distribution (fig. 417) Syn. n. Widespread and common throughout the whole Mediterranean region, with records from Portugal, Diagnosis Spain, south France, Corsica, Sardinia, Sicily, Croatia, Small dark species with patches of light scales near Macedonia, Greece, Aegean Islands, Crete, Cyprus, the centre of the forewing, the first discal above the Turkey, Syria, Israel, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya; also second plical and a straight or slightly inwards bent present in Madeira and the Canary Islands. As yet fascia. no positive records from mainland Italy. Reports B. dryadella is extremely similar to B. basaltinella. from Austria (e. g., Elsner et al. 1999), Germany Where the two species occur together (Spain, France
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and south England), B. basaltinella is slightly more by sclerotized V-shaped rim at ⅓, followed by charac- vivid with more contrasting markings and a slightly teristic semicircular indentation. Dorsal side of speckled appearance whereas B. dryadella has a segment VIII with weak median tongue. Signum smooth, almost glossy forewing. The most useful roughly square, with four very stout spikes on corners character appears to be the shape of the fascia which is (figs. 123, 300, 301). Resembles B. senectella but lacks straight or slightly inwards-bent in B. dryadella; in the lobes on the lamella postvaginalis and has a differ- B. basaltinella the fascia is slightly outwards-bent, ent signum. rarely straight. Differences can be extremely small though, and may vary geographically, making it often Biology necessary to dissect specimens. However, in well- The biology is described in detail by Heckford & studied areas it will eventually be possible to distin- Sterling (2002). Larva with head pale brown, protho- guish the two on external characters. B. domestica, racic plate black with pale white medial division, B. hulli, B. species B, q. v. body purplish brown with pale white subdorsal and lateral lines, anal plate pale white with dark markings. Description It occupies a densely spun silken tube amongst the Adult (figs. 101-104). Wingspan 10-12 mm. Labi- host plant. The larval description given by Meess al palpus creamy white to pale ochreous on inside, (1910) most likely does not refer to a Bryotropha mottled with fuscous on outside. Antenna dark fus- species (Heckford & Sattler 2002). Heckford & cous, indistinctly lighter ringed. Head with frons dark Sterling (2002) found B. dryadella larvae amongst ochreous; vertex as forewing. Proximal part of thorax Ctenidium molluscum (Hedw.), Barbula unguiculata and tegulae as forewing, distal half ochreous to Hedw., Homalothecium lutescens (Hedw.) H. Rob., orange-brown. Forewing dark grey-brown, plical and Bryum sp., often in association with grasses and discal stigmata usually distinct and followed which occasionally showed signs of feeding, probably by streaks of ochreous scales; first discal above or by the dryadella-larvae. A label in the with slightly beyond second plical and sometimes fused text ‘La Baule-les-Pins, e.l. Salix, 26.v.1920‘ is there- forming a large black blotch just before middle of fore unlikely to be correct. Adults have been collected wing; costal and tornal patches well developed, often from May to September, in south Europe probably fused to a straight or slightly inward bent fascia; sub- in two generations. Altitudinal range from sea level apical area irrorate with black scales; cilia grey, with to 1350 m. dark ciliary line and yellow tips. Hindwing pale fuscous, darker towards apex, cilia concolorous with Distribution (fig. 418) pale yellow tips. Widespread in Mediterranean region; northwards Variation. B. dryadella shows a certain amount of to the south of England, in France as far north individual and geographical variation. Specimens as Paris, absent from central and north Europe, from Sardinia, Sicily and Italy usually have a dark widespread and locally common again in the Balkans. ground colour with contrasting yellow markings, and Great Britain, France, Portugal, Spain, Corsica, have the head, thorax and tegulae partly to complete- Sardinia, Sicily, Italy, Albania, Macedonia, Bulgaria, ly ochreous. Similar forms also occur in the Balkans Greece, Crete. In North Africa known from Algeria. together with somewhat lighter ones with a clear Records from Hungary and Slovakia refer to ochreous tinge. In the Iberian Peninsula, France and basaltinella (Elsner et al. 1999). England B. dryadella usually has a clear ochreous tinge and rather dull ochreous brown markings. Two Remarks specimens from northern Italy differed from all other Gelechia dryadella was described from one female forms of B. dryadella by having the costal and tornal collected in June 1846 by J. Mann at Poppi or patches fused to form a clearly outward-bent fascia. Bibbiena in Tuscany, Italy. Zeller (1850) gives two Male genitalia (figs. 205-207, 256, 333-336). Un- localities but states that he has only one female in his cus sub-rectangular. Socii with 4-5 setae. Gnathos collection, and its labels give no locality. The holo- stout with sharp 90 degrees bend halfway. Thorn- type is of the black and yellow form without ochreous shield sub-rectangular with 40 to 80 spikes. The sub- scales. rectangular thornshield with its many spikes in B. saralella was described from a number of syn- combination with the stout gnathos, distinguish types collected in Sardinia: Porto Santoru, Aritzo, B. dryadella from all other Bryotropha. Cantoniera Ortuabis, and Sadali by Amsel and Female genitalia (figs. 123, 300, 301, 392). Seg- Predota, and from one female collected in France, ment VIII with strongly curved lamella postvaginalis Vannes by Joannis. A male from Aritzo, 3.6.1936 is and microtrichia. Distal end of ventral groove marked here designated as the lectotype (see above). Even
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though ‘3.6’ is not among the dates listed by Amsel e.l., R.J. Heckford (); 1 , Kent, Swanscombe, for specimens from Aritzo, we have selected the spec- 28.iii.2001, e.l., R.J. Heckford (). – , imen labelled with that date because it was labelled as : 1 , De Joannis, gen. slide 4202 ( ). – : 1 , Akhaia, Kastria 2 km W of Planitéron, 650 m, ‘Typus’ by Amsel. 05.vi.1984, E. J. van Nieukerken, gen. slide AR0288 B. dryadella has a rather peculiar past. Our own (); 1 , Arkadia, Menalo Mts., W Tripoli, Davia, studies revealed that every single reference to this 5.viii.1985, M. & E. Arenberger (); 1 , Ilfa, 2 km species prior to the publications by Bland et al. S Andrítsaina, 850 m, 10.vi.1984, E.J.v. Nieukerken, gen. (2002) and Heckford & Sattler (2003) was based on slide AR0289 (); 2 , 1 spec., Lakonia, Mt. Taygetos, misidentifications. 1000 m, 16.viii.1979, G. Christensen, gen. slide : HH2297 (); 1 , ibid., 28-29.vi.1992, B. Skule & S. Langemark; 1 , Olympos, 2.v.1870, Staudinger (); Material examined. – 65 , 46 , 63 spec. – 1 , 2 , Olympos, Karia, 6.viii.1973, M. & E. Arenberger, gen. Staudinger, gen. slide AR0363 (). – : 1 spec., slide AR0424 (); 1 , Olympos, Litochoron, 1000 m, Kula Ljums, Alban expedition, 18-28.v.1918 (), 3.viii.1973, M. & E. Arenberger (). – : 1 , 1 spec., ibid., 7-14.vi.1918. – : 1 , Le Tarif, Abruzzo, Bocca di Valle, Guaroiagrele, Chieti, 557 m, 20.v.1903, gen. slide AR0438 (). – : 1 , 15.vii.1967, U. Parenti, gen. slide HH2352 (); 1 spec., Pirin Mts., Sandanski., Liljanova, 800 m, 26.v-21.vi.1981, Bolzano [Bozen], 1867, Mann (); 1 , Liguria, Conna F. Eichler, gen. slide AR0477 (). – : 1 , near Andora, 10.ix.1980, A. Speckmeier, gen. slide AR0476 iv.1877, Staudinger (); 1 spec., Col de Sevi, 7.vi.1936 (); 2 , Livorno, Mann (); 1 , Umbria, Narni, (); 2 , 2 , above Evisa, 900 m, 16.viii.1998, 15.ix.1958, Prola, gen. slide AR0412 (). – : O. Karsholt, gen. slide : HH2274 (); 1 , Pozzo de 1 , Drenovo near Kavadar, 10-20.vi.1956, J. Klimesch Borgo, nr. Ajaccio, 5.vi.1899, Walsingham (). (); 1 , ibid. 20.ix.1960, F. Kasy (); 1 , Ohrid, – : 1 , Krk, Misucaynica, 11.vii.1977, G. Baldiz- 3.vi.1975, A. Speckmeier (); 1 , Ohrid, 14.viii.1964, zone, gen. slide HH2369 (). – : 1 , Arbonne, Arenberger, gen. slide AR0151 (); 1 , Prosecnik, 14.vii.1977, P. Leraut, gen. slide 663 (); 1 , Ardèche, 7.viii.1986, E. Baraniak, gen. slide HH2194 (). Staudinger, gen. slide AR0170 (); 2 , Ardèche, – : 1 , Alentejo, Serra de Sao Mamed, Portagem, St. Laurent-du-Pape, 400 m, P. Skou, gen. slide HH2732 19.ix.1995, M.F.V. Corley, gen. slide 832 (); 2 , (); 1 spec., La Baule-les-Pins, e.l. Salix, 26.v.1920, Algarve, Serra de Monchique, Picota, 17.iv.1994, L. Lhomme (); 1 spec., Cabrerets, 12.vi.1911, M.F.V. Corley, gen. slides AR0065, AR0074 (); 1 , L. Lhomme (); 1 spec., ibid., 17.vii.1911; 1 spec., Portalegre, Alentejo, Escusa, 09.vi.1996, M.F.V. Corley, ibid., 19.v.1911; 1 , Cannes, 23.v.1892, Walsingham, gen. gen. slide 973 (); 1 , Portalegre, Alentejo, Galegos, slide. BM13.830 (); 1 spec., Cap Breton, 27.viii.1895, 16.iv.1995, M.F.V. Corley, gen. slide AR0073 (); 1 , La Faury (); 3 spec., ibid., 28.viii.1895; 2 spec., Dax, Portelegre, Alentejo, Minhota, 05.vi.1996, M.F.V. Corley, La Faury (); 1 spec., La Deveze, 1.viii.1923, Dattin (). – : 1 , Aritzo, 3.vi.1933, H. G. Amsel (); 1 spec., ibid., 4.viii.1932; 1 spec., ibid., (); 1 , ibid., 10.vi.1933; 1 , ibid., 20-29.v.1933 6.viii.1932; 1 spec., 15.vii.1930; 1 spec., ibid., 17.vii.1928; (); 1 , Aritzo, Sa Casa, 1000 m, 9.vii.1972, Arenberger, 1 spec., 20.vi.1930; 2 spec., ibid., 29.vii.1932; 1 spec., gen. slide AR0155 (); 1 , Barbagia Belvi, Ortuabis, Douelle (Lot), 15.vi.1939, L. Lhomme (); 1 spec., near Trotu, 11.viii.1977, F. Hartig, gen. slide AR0302 ibid., 29.vi.1933; 1 spec., Eclose, 24.vi.1888, Chrétien (); 1 , Belvi surroundings, 700 m, 06.ix.1975, (); 1 spec., Ermont, 17.viii., De Joannis (); F. Hartig, gen. slide AR0301 (); 1 , ibid., 23.vi.1975, 2 spec., Evreux, De Joannis (); 1 spec., Ferrieres, gen. slide OK2673; 1 , ibid., 23.viii.1975; 2 , Domusno- 26.vii.1919, P. Chrétien (); 1 , La Ferte-Alais, vas Tiny, 07.vi.1974, F. Hartig (); 1 , Mt. Genargen- 1.vi.1975, P. Leraut, gen. slide 676 (); 1 spec., tu, Arcu Correboi, 1250 m, 8.vii.1998, F. Iversen (); Fontainebleau, 29.vii.1903, Dattin (); 1 spec., 1 , 1 , Mt. Genargentu, Aritzo, 800m, 29.viii.1974, Gachard, 7.ix.1919, Dattin (); 1 spec., Les Guerets, F. Hartig (); 1 , ibid, 8.ix.1974; 1 , ibid., 9.vi.1975; 24.vi. (); 1 spec., ibid., 6.vii.; 1 spec., L’Ile d’Oleron, 1 , ibid., 16.viii.1975; 1 , 1 , Mt. Limbara, Pt. Bal- vii.1920, Dumont ();1 spec., Kercebellec-en- istreri, 1250 m, 3.vii.1998, F. Iversen (); 1 , Musei, Mesques, 9.viii.1929, Dattin (); 3 spec., Les Landes, 120 m, 12.ix.1972, F. Harig (); 1 , ibid., 19.ix.1972; Contis-Plage, 6.vi.1999, T. Rutten (); 1 spec., ibid., 1 , Nuoro, Villanova-Strisaili, 885 m, 12.vii.1984, 28.viii.2003; 1 spec., Pont-Aven, Finistere, 12.viii.1943 J.H. Kuchlein, gen. slide AR0067 (); 1 , Oint, (); Les Sables d’Olonne, 12.viii.1902, L. Viard Sargona, 23.vi.1975, F. Hartig, gen. slide AR0130 (); (); 1 spec., 1 , Seine-et-Oise, 23.vii.1937, gen. slide 1 , Ortuabis, near Trotu, Barbagia Belvi, 800 m, AR0445 (); 1 spec., ibid., 19.viii.1920; 1 spec., Sene, 11.viii.1977, F. Hartig (); 1 , Ortuabis, near Trotu, 16.vi., De Joannis (); 1 spec., St. Lothain, 28.vi.1919, Quercetum Iligia, 750 m, 14.viii.1977, F. Hartig (); L. Viard (); 1 , Tarane, 400 m, 17.vii.1985, 1 , Porto Santoru, 8.vi.1936, H. G. Amsel (); 1 , E.J.v. Nieukerken, gen. slide AR0287 (); 1 , Vannes, Sargona, 23.vi.1975, F. Hartig (); 1 , Teulada, Gutt, 3.v., De Joannis, gen. slide 695 (); 1 spec., ibid., 6.viii; Sporta, 27.v.1974, F. Hartig, gen. slide AR0300 (). 1 spec., ibid., 7.viii.; 1 spec., ibid., 12.viii; 1 spec., ibid., – : 1 , Mistretta, Mercuore, 700 m, 11-20.vi.1952, 14.viii.; 1 spec., ibid., 7.vi.; 1 , ibid., 12.viii. (). J. Klimesch, gen. slide AR0387 (); 1 , ibid., – : 1 , Cornwall, Blisland, 4.vii.1991, 21-30.vi.1952; 2 , Palermo, San Martin d. Scale, R.J.B. Hoare, gen. slide BM29.002 (); 1 , Cornwall, 1-12.vi.1954, J. Klimesch, gen. slide GU3125 (); 7 , Redruth, 14.vi.1952, W.G. Tremewan, gen. slide 11 , ibid. (). – : 1 , Almeria, 10 km E Bedar, BM22.001 (); 1 , Essex, Grays, 29.iii.2001, e.l., El Pinar, 325m, 19-27.iv.2001, P. Skou & B. Skule (); R.J. Heckford (); 1 , Kent, Swanscombe, 29.iii.2001, 1 , 1 , Almeria, Sierra Alhamilla, 9 km above Turillas at
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Colavita, 1000-1350 m, 3.ix.2001, B. Skule, gen. slide : developed, often fused into an irregular outwards HH3468 (); 1 , Cáceres, Alcuéscar, 1.x.1983, bent fascia; subapical area with many black scales; C. Gielis, gen. slide WF3562 ( ); 1 spec., Cáceres, cilia pale grey, with one ciliary line and pale yellow Alcuéscar, 500 m, 6.ix.1996, M. Hull (); 1 spec., ibid., 23.v.1986; 1 , Cuenca, Valdecabras, 30.ix.1994, tips. Hindwing pale fuscous, darker towards apex; J.B. Wolschrijn, gen. slide R0350 (); 1 ., Granada, cilia concolorous with broad dark ciliary line and pale Orgiva, Las Alpujarras, 17.vi.1971, Glaser (); 2 , yellow tips. Granada, 22 km above Otivar, Granja Escula, Huerta Variation. Local populations have rather constant Alegre, 1250 m, 30.viii.2001, B. Skule, gen. slide HH3463 features but there is a certain amount of geographical ( ); 1 , Granada, Puerto de la Ragua, Sierra Nevada, variation. In west Europe B. basaltinella usually has a 1800 m, Parque Natural, 22.viii.1998, E. Saarela (); 1 , ibid., 23.viii.1998; 1 , Granada, Sierra Alfacar, 1300 m, dark ground colour. Specimens from central and 24.v.1973, M. & W. Glaser, gen. slide AR0262 (); south Europe are on average lighter with a clear 1 , Granada, Sierra Nevada, 10.ix.1974, M. & W. Glaser ochreous tinge and more contrasting wing markings. (); 1 spec., Huelva, Nerva, 25.v.1986, M. Hul In all populations the patches of bright scales on the (NMGM); 1 , Málaga, road Tarifa-Algeciras, 14 km forewing vary in size. In west Europe their colour is W Algeciras, 200 m, ix.1972, M. & W. Glaser, gen. slide always ochreous, in France and Spain they can also be AR0182 (); 1 spec., Salamanca, Alaraz, 1000 m, 3.ix.1996, M. Hull (); 1 , 1 , Sevilla, El Rompido orange or pink. Specimens from Spain are on average near Huelva, Camping, 50 m, 15-22.ix.1974, H. G. Amsel slightly smaller (9-11 mm) which may be caused by & R.U. Roesler, gen. slides : AR0181, : AR0179 ecological factors. In very dark specimens the light (); 3 spec., Sevilla, El Ronquillo, 8.ix.1996, M. Hull bases of the scales on the forewing can give the moth (); 2 spec., ibid., 9.ix.1996; 1 spec., Valladolid, a speckled appearance. Marzales, 28.vi.1988, M. Hull ( ). Male genitalia (figs. 208, 209, 257, 337-340). Uncus sub-rectangular, posterior margin slightly emarginated. Socii with 3-4 setae. Gnathos stout, Bryotropha basaltinella (Zeller) gradually converging into a sharp apex. Thornshield (figs. 99, 100, 208, 209, 257, 302, 337-340, triangular with 20-50 spikes. Posterior margin of vin- 393, 419) culum with weak knee. The triangular thornshield Gelechia basaltinella Zeller, 1839: 198. Lectotype (here separates B. basaltinella from B. dryadella (rectangular : designated): Spitzsberg; (‘basaltinella, Is[is], thornshield); B. senectella has an angular gnathos and 1839 p. 198; Zeller coll., Walsingham collection 1910-427; Gelechia basaltinella Zell., Isis 1839 p. 198, a very prominent knee on the vinculum. Type ; Lectotype , Gelechia basaltinella Z., Select.: Female genitalia (figs. 302, 393). Segment K. Sattler, 1961; Genitalia slide No. 137’) () VIII with crescent-shaped lamella postvaginalis [examined]. and microtrichia. Distal end of ventral groove marked by small sclerotized oval to horse-shoe shaped Diagnosis rim. Dorsal side of segment VIII with small Small dark species with patches of ochre near median tongue. Signum oval to sub-rectangular, with the centre of the forewing, the first discal above the stout spikes on corners. Differs from related species in second plical stigma and a slightly outwards bent the small oval rim at the distal end of the ventral fascia. groove. The position of the first discal above the second plical separates B. basaltinella from most other Biology Bryotropha except B. domestica q. v. and B. dryadella q. v. The biology is described by Heckford & Sterling (2002). The larva with head and prothoracic plate Description black, body dull purplish brown with pale reddish Adult (figs. 99, 100). Wingspan 10-12 mm. Labial brown to greyish white subdorsal lines, anal plate palpus pale ochreous on inside, mottled with fuscous brown. It lives in a densely spun silken tube beneath on outside, segment 3 darker than segment 2. Anten- the surface of the host plant. Zeller (1839) described na dark fuscous, indistinctly ringed light ochreous. B. basaltinella from an area characterized by Frons of head ochreous; vertex as forewing. Proximal basalt boulders, suggesting stone-growing mosses as part of thorax and tegulae as forewing, distal part the possible food plants. This is also indicated by ob- ochreous. Forewing dark grey-brown with distinct servations in The Netherlands where B. basaltinella is ochreous basal spot followed by blackisk blotches on most common in built-up areas. Heckford & Sterling costa and tornus; plical and discal stigmata black and (2002) found the larvae in roof-growing Syntrichia prominent, often followed by patches of ochreous ruralis (Hedw.) The larval description given by Meess scales; first discal above second plical, often fused (1910) for B. basaltinella probably refers to Catoptria to form a large black blotch just before middle of falsella ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775 (Crambidae) wing; costal and tornal patches ochreous, usually well (Heckford & Sterling 2002). Adults have been
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collected from May to September. Even in the Description south there may be just one generation. Altitu- Adult (figs. 110-112). Wingspan 9-12 mm. Labial idinal range from sea level to 1700 m in the Sierra palpus creamy white mottled with fuscous on inside, Nevada. heavily mottled with fuscous on outside. Antenna dark fuscous, ringed ochreous. Head with frons pale Distribution (fig. 419). ochreous; vertex, thorax and tegula concolorous with Most common in west Europe, becoming distinct- forewing. Forewing dark greyish brown to black, pale ly rare in central Europe with no confirmed records bases of scales often give wing a speckled appearance; east of Poland, absent from Ireland and Scandinavia. plical and discal stigmata rather indistinct; second Scarce in France but remarkably common again in plical always, other stigmata often, followed by small Spain, while not recorded yet from Portugal. No pos- patches or streaks of pale yellow scales; first discal itive records from other Mediterranean countries and beyond second plical; costal and tornal patches pale the Balkan. Throughout its range a local and in many yellow, often fused to an outwards bent fascia; sub- areas clearly petrophilous species. apical area irrorated with black scales; cilia grey, with dark cilia line and pale yellow tips. Hindwing Remarks grey, darker towards apex; cilia concolorous with Gelechia basaltinella was described from 40-50 yellow tips. specimens collected in July on moss-covered basalt Variation. Over most of its distribution area boulders at Spitzberg in southwestern Poland (Zeller B. affinis shows little variation. The light markings on 1839). A male in good condition, but without head, the forewing vary from yellow to white. In dark spec- in the already labelled as lectotype is published imens they may be restricted to a single patch after here (see above). The slide with its genitalia is cur- the second plical and an indistinct fascia. Some spec- rently missing. imens have an additional patch of yellow at the ex- treme base of the forewing. In coastal areas, however, Material examined. – 536 spec., including 51 genitalia B. affinis often has the forewing heavily irrorated with preparations. – : 4 spec. – : 3 spec. pale coloured scales. Specimens may be uniformly – : 20 spec. – : 60 spec. – : 1 spec. – : 322 spec. – : 2 spec. – : pale ochreous with very distinct stigmata and indis- 1 spec. – : 121 spec. – : 3 spec. tinct or invisible costal and tornal patches. Male genitalia (figs. 14-16, 212, 213, 259, 353- 356). Uncus sub-rectangular. Socii with 3-4 setae. Gnathos slender with rather sharp 90 degree bend. Bryotropha affinis (Haworth) Thornshield triangular with 10-50 small spikes. Sim- (figs. 1, 2, 14-17, 110-112, 212, 213, 259, 305, ilar species: B. umbrosella q. v. 353-356, 395, 420) Female genitalia (figs. 17, 305, 395). Segment VIII Recurvaria affinis Haworth, 1828: 551. Lectotype (here with crescent-shaped lamella postvaginalis and mi- : published): (‘affinis; 63. 54; Haworth crotrichia. Distal end of ventral groove marked by coll. 63, 54; Bryotropha affinis Dougl., Tr. En. Soc. Lond. (2) 1, p. 14 (1850), Type o [sic!]; Lectotype , Recur- heavily sclerotized extension. Dorsal side of segment varia affinis Hw., Select.: K. Sattler, 1961’) () VIII with small median tongue. Signum elongate [examined]. trapezoidal with two very long forward pointing Gelechia tegulella Herrich-Schäffer, 1854: 182. Syntypes: spikes on distal end. Most easily separated from relat- . Type material not traced. ed species by the signum. Gelechia tectella Herrich-Schäffer, 1854: 182. Lectotype (here designated): . (‘H.S. coll., Hfm. coll. Wlsm. 1910-427; tectella, [locality illegeble], H. S.; Biology Gelechia tectella H.S., S.B. Eur. Schm. V. 182 no. A78 The larva has the head and prothoracic plate shin- C18, Type’) () [examined]. ing black, the latter with three pairs of black brown Gelechia affinella Doubleday, 1859: 30. See remarks below. spots, a whitish margin and a pale white medial divi- Anacampsoides affinitella Bruand d’Uzelle, 1859: 643. See sion; body dull purplish brown, with a concolorous remarks below. dorsal line, bordered by an irregular dull yellowish ochreous subdorsal line and a wider, and whiter, Diagnosis irregular spiracular line and a narrow, dull purplish Small black species with a conspicuous patch of brown subspiracular line, the whole of the body be- light scales near the centre of the forewings. low this being pale white; anal plate with median area B. similis lacks a conspicuous patch of pale yellow dull yellow (Heckford, in litt.). It is figured in colour scales after the second plical, and, at least in Europe, by Stainton (1865). always has a plain glossy (rarely slightly speckled) The biology is described in detail by Stainton black forewing. B. umbrosella, q. v. (1865). The larva feeds on mosses on walls, amongst
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which it makes a silken gallery, hiding itself inside – : 24 spec. – : 3 spec. – : 1 spec. this during sunshine. In the early morning or when – : 308 spec. – : 1 spec. – : the weather is moist or rainy it leaves its hiding place 9 spec. – : 2 spec. – : 2 spec. – : 1 , 1 , Aritzo, 1200 m, 16.viii.1975, F. Hartig, gen. slide : under the moss to feed (personal observations of ju- AR0310 (); 1 , Belvi surroundings, 700 m, nior author). Stainton (1865) indirectly gives Tortula 10.viii.1975, F. Hartig, gen. slide AR0311 (); 2 , muralis Hedw. as a host plant. Adults have been col- Bruncu Spina, 1570 m, 29.vii.1983, J.H. Kuchlein (); lected from May to September. Altitudinal range 1 , Desulo, at light, 1250 m, 21.vii.1983, J.H. Kuchlein, from sea level to 1300 m. Occurs in open country and gen. slide R0436 (); 1 , Nuoro Villanova, Strisaili, urban areas, frequenting mossy walls and old thatch 885 m, 1.viii.1983, J.H. Kuchlein, gen. slide R0479 ();. – : 1 , Palermo, San Martin d. Scale, (Stainton 1865). 1-12.vi.1954, J. Klimesch (). – : 2 spec. – : 32 spec. – : 8 spec. – : 2 spec Distribution (fig. 420) – : 1 spec. Widespread throughout most of Europe, eastward extending as far as European Russia. Most common in north-west and central Europe; not in north Scan- Bryotropha umbrosella (Zeller, 1839) dinavia and becoming distinctly rarer towards the (figs. 113-115, 134, 214, 215, 260, 306, 357-360, south. In France and Spain predominantly in coastal 396, 421) areas. New records for Corsica, Sardinia, Sicily, Albania and Bulgaria. Absent from North Africa, the Gelechia umbrosella Zeller, 1839: 201. Lectotype (desig- Middle East, and Turkey. Records from Far East nated by Rutten & Karsholt (1998)): : Zielona Góra, Glogów, 6.vi.1834, leg. P. C. Zeller; (‘Gross Glo- Russia (Omelko 1999) probably refer to B. similis. gau, Silesia. 6.VI.1834, Zeller Coll.; Walsingham Collec- tion [B.M.] 1910-427; Gelechia umbrosella Zell. Isis Remarks p.201 (1839) Type [male]; abdomen missing; Lectotype Recurvaria affinis was described from an unknown [female] Gelechia umbrosella Z. teste K. Sattler, 1961’) number of specimens from Great Britain (Haworth () [examined]. 1828). A male in already labelled as lectotype is Gelechia mundella Douglas, 1850: 64. Lectotype (desig- nated by Rutten & Karsholt (1998)): : published here (see above). New Brighton, Chesire; (‘17.52; England, Dgl coll. Gelechia affinella Doubleday is an unjustified (Mason 1906); Walsingham collection [B.M.] 1910- emendation of Recurvaria affinis Haworth. 427; Gelechia mundella Dgl. Tr. Ent. Soc. Lond .(2)I, Anacampsoides affinitella Bruand d’Uzelle is an un- p.64 (1850) Type [male]; Genitalia no. 139’) () justified emendation of Recurvaria affinis Haworth. [examined]. Gelechia tegulella was described from an unstated Gelechia portlandicella Richardson, 1890: 29. Lectotype (designated by Rutten & Karsholt (1998)): number of specimens from Switzerland collected by : Dorset, Portland, vi.1888, leg. Richardson Frey and Bremi (Herrich-Schäffer 1854). It was syn- () [examined]. onymised with B. affinis by Heinemann (1870). Bryotropha umbrosella [race] fulvipalpella Joannis, 1909: Gelechia tectella was described from an unstated 793. Lectotype (here designated): : Plouharnel, number of specimens from Switzerland collected by 31.v.; (‘Type; umbrosella fulvipalpella; Ann. Soc. Entom. Bremi (Herrich-Schäffer 1854). A somewhat faded France, 1908 p.793; gen. JN 2026 Bryotropha umbrosella Zeller, 1839; Bryotropha umbrosella (Z) var. male in , already labelled as lectotype, is pub- fulvipalpella de Joannis, type, teste ALM Rutten 1999’) lished here (see above). () [examined]. Gelechia anacampsoidella Hering, 1924: 80. Lectotype Material examined. – 1039 spec., including 118 genitalia (designated by Rutten & Karsholt (1998)): : preparations. – : 1 spec., Bicaj, Alban expedition, Tvärminne; 5.vi.1921; leg. Kanerva; (‘Type; Gelechia 15.vi.1918 (); 1 spec., Sebia Mts., Merdita (). anacampsoidella; det. Mart. Hering m[ale]; Mus. Zool. – : 41 spec. – : 7 , 9 , Black Sea coast, Höfors; Spec. typ. No. 7013; Gelechia anacampsoidella Arkutino, 25.v-15.vi.1980, F. Eichler, gen. slide : Her.; [genitalia in glycerol tube]; Lectotype Gelechia AR0369 (); 3 , Nessebar, 24.vi-5.vii. 1960, J. Soffner anacampsoidella Hering des. O. Karsholt 1998’) () (); 1 , ibid. (); 1 , Nessebar, 23.viii-4.ix.1962, [examined]. J. Soffner, gen. slide HH2356 (); 1 , Pirin Mts., San- Bryotropha oppositella (Thunberg, 1794) sensu Benander, danski, Liljanowo, 28.v-23.vi.1982, F. Eichler (); 2 , 1961: 245 (misidentification). 1 , ibid., 24.vii-14.vi.1983; 2 , ibid., 1-30.vi.1984; 1 , Bryotropha fuliginosella Snellen, 1882 sensu Lempke, 1976: ibid., 27.vi-25.v.1985 – : 8 spec. – : 1 , 25 (misidentification). Asco valley, 1-15.vi.1972, A. Speckmeier (); 1 , Pinarella, 1-15.vi.1972, A. Speckmeier (); 1 , Reston- ica valley, 10.vi.1972, A. Speckmeier (). – Diagnosis : 4 spec. – : 317 spec. – : 2 spec. Small black species with well developed clear white – : 27 spec. – : 164 spec. – : costal and tornal patches. 7 spec., many larvae – : 4 spec. – : 28 spec. B. umbrosella differs from the other black species
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B. affinis and B. similis by the conspicuous clear white Biology costal and tornal patches contrasting with the very The biology is described by Heckford & Sterling dark forewing. The matt black ground colour and the (2002). The larva with head brown, prothoracic plate bright ochreous inside of the labial palpus separates translucent brown, body pale brown to orange- very dark forms of B. umbrosella from B. similis which brown, with irregulary edged white subdorsal and has a shiny black ground colour and the inside of the lateral lines and anal plate pale brown. It lives in a labial palpus pale ochreous, often mixed with fuscous. flimsy silken tube, open at both ends, amongst the Very light forms of B. umbrosella are grey or greyish moss Ceratodon purpureus (Hedw.) Brid. growing in white (rarely greyish brown), whereas light forms of sandy areas, and has also been observed eating grass B. affinis are ochreous to pale brown. (Heckford & Sterling 2002). Descriptions by earlier authors (Snellen 1882, Meess 1910) may refer to the Description larva of B. affinis (see Stainton 1866b) or B. senectella Adult (figs. 113-115). Wingspan 9-11 mm. Head (see Heckford & Sterling 2002). According to with frons yellow to ochreous; antenna dark fuscous; Schütze (1931) the larva feeds until May in a spun labial palpus ochreous on inside, heavily suffused fus- tube among mosses (Polytrichum sp.). We have not cous on outside, segment 3 darker than segment 2. been able to confirm whether this information Vertex as forewing; thorax and tegula concolorous really refers to B. umbrosella or to one of the related with forewing. Forewing blackish brown, discal and species. Adults were collected from late May to early plical stigmata black, barely visible, first discal slight- August, probably in one generation. The moth flies ly beyond plical; streaks of clear white scales often just before sunset and later on comes to light. present beyond plical and between and beyond discal B. umbrosella frequents dry sandy places both inland stigmata; costal and tornal patches clear white, usual- and in coastal areas. Schütze (op. cit.) recorded it ly well developed, rarely fused to an irregular fascia; from ‘sunny places in mountains’. All material we ex- subapical area irrorate with very dark scales; cilia dark amined was from lowland locations. grey with lighter tips. Hindwing pale fuscous, darker towards apex; cilia concolorous. Distribution (fig. 421) Variation. The dark fuscous ground colour of the B. umbrosella is widespread and often common in nominal form can be more or less heavily irrorate open dune areas throughout most of north-west with white scales. These forms are predominantly Europe. Inland the species rapidly becomes less com- found in coastal areas. Specimens may be grey (form mon; local and very rare in central Europe; in south portlandicella (Richardson)) to white (form mundella Europe only known from one specimen from Spain. (Douglas)) with very distinct stigmata. In the most In is an old specimen labelled as coming from extreme cases the white costal and tornal patches are Sarepta in south Russia. Such records need confirma- no longer discernible. Occasionally specimens are tion as it may be due to mislabelling. The form uniformly pale to dark grey without any visible wing mundella is almost exclusively found along the sandy markings. The ‘race’ fulvipalpella Joannis was de- coasts of the North Sea. Records of B. umbrosella scribed from otherwise typical specimens having a from Italy, Japan and Lithuania are based upon clear orange tinge on the inside of the labial palpus. misidentification (see also Rutten & Karsholt Male genitalia (figs. 214, 215, 260, 357-360). Un- 1998), as are those from the Czech Republic (Elsner cus sub-rectangular. Socii with 3-4 setae. Gnathos et al. 1999), Hungary (Gozmány 1958), and Roma- slender with gradual bend. Thornshield triangular nia (Kovács & Kovács 1999). The records from with 0-30 small spikes. Very similar to B. affinis and Portugal (Vives Moreno 1994), Switzerland only to be separated from the latter by the larger, (Vorbrodt & Müller-Rutz 1914), Austria (Huemer & more gradual bend of the gnathos. This delicate char- Tarmann 1993), Bulgaria (Karsholt & Riedl 1966), acter difference (see fig. 353-360) is best studied in and Russia (Piskunov 1981) need confirmation, freshly prepared genitalia before embedding. Adults whereas a record from Latvia (Savenkov et al. 1996) is normally differ in external appearance. likely to be correct. Female genitalia (figs. 134, 306, 396). Segment VIII with broad lamella postvaginalis and wedge- Remarks shaped microtrichia (fig. 134). Distal end of ventral The type material of Gelechia umbrosella, groove marked by heavily sclerotized protrusion. G. mundella, G. portlandicella and G. anacampsoidel- Dorsal side of segment VIII with distinct median la was discussed by Rutten & Karsholt (1998). tongue. Signum rectangular, with stout spikes Bryotropha umbrosella fulvipalpella Joannis was de- on corners. Differs from all other species by the scribed from a long series of specimens [‘en grand wedge-shaped microtrichia and the broad lamella nombre’] from France, Bretagne, Plouharnel. In these postvaginalis. moths segment 2 of the labial palpi has an orange
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tinge. The type series, preserved in , was identi- D. 544; Museum Leiden, lectotype 1974, Bryotropha fied as B. umbrosella. A male from 31 May with label fuliginosella Snellen, Select. by A. Diakonoff; Bryotropha ‘Type’ is here designated as the lectotype. The status similis Stt., O. Karsholt det. 1990; [genitalia mounted on celluloid and numbered) D 544’) () [examined]. of fulvipalpella thus remains that of a form of Duvita (?) tahavusella Forbes, 1922: 103: Holotype , B. umbrosella. : Uphill Brook, Mt. Marcy trail, Benander (1961) considered Tinea oppositella NewYork, 10.vii.1918, 3200 ft., leg. W. T. M. Forbes Thunberg, 1794, a senior synonym of B. umbrosella. () [examined]. However, oppositella of Thunberg is currently con- Gelechia clandestina Meyrick, 1923: 19: Lectotype (desig- : sidered a misidentification of Alucita oppositella nated by Clarke (1969): Toronto, vi.1912, leg. Parish; (‘Lectotype Gelechia clandestina, J. F. G. C. 1947; Fabricius, 1775, a junior synonym of Borkhausenia Gelechia clandestina Meyr.; genitalia on slide minutella (Linnaeus, 1758) (Oecophoridae). 22.ix.1947, J. F. G. C. 5775’) () [examined]. Lempke (1976) and Kuchlein (1993) listed Bryotropha dufraneella Joannis, 1928: 195. Lectotype Gelechia (Bryotropha) fuliginosella Snellen (1882) as a (here designated): : Frameries, 12.vii.1907; synonym of B. umbrosella. A study of the type mater- (‘Paratype; dufraneella de J. paratype; 1920-1932 Coll ial of fuliginosella preserved in proved it to be- L & J De Joannis Museum Paris; Gen JN 2037, Bryotropha dufraneella, de Joannis 1928; Bryotropha long to B. similis (Karsholt & Kristensen 1995). dufraneela de Joannis, type, teste ALM Rutten 1999’) () [examined]. Syn. n. Material examined – 552 spec., including 53 genitalia Bryotropha novisimilis Li & Zheng, 1997: 398, fig. 8. preparations. – : 277 spec. – : 8 spec. : Holotype : Shaanxi Province, Feng Xian – : 14 spec. – : 26 spec. – : [in Chinese], 1600 m, 10.vii.1988, leg. Li Houhun 8 spec. – : 6 spec. – : 199 spec. [in Chinese], genitalia slide L95422 ( ) [exam- – : 6 spec. – : 2 spec. – : 1 spec. ined]. Syn. n. – : 1 , Huelva, Torre la Higuera, 22.iv-9.v.1983, J.B. Wolschrijn, gen. slide R0464 (). – : 2 spec. Diagnosis Small species with relatively dark labial palpus, Bryotropha similis (Stainton) black head and plain black glossy forewing. (figs. 13, 105, 106, 135-137, 216, 217, 261, 307, Similar to B. affinis, B. nupponeni, B. plantariella, 308, 349-352, 397, 422) B. senectella and B. umbrosella, q. v. Gelechia similis Stainton, 1854: 115. Lectotype (here des- ignated): : England, Surrey, Stoat´s nest, Description leg. Douglas; (‘(Mason 1906), 15.vii.1950; Walsingham Collection 1910-427; Syntype, Gelechia similis Stainton, Adult (figs. 105, 106). Wingspan 11-13 mm. Labi- teste M. Tobin 1985; 992’) () [examined]. al palpus creamy white on inside, heavily mottled Gelechia thuleella Zeller (in Staudinger), 1857: 276. with fuscous on outside, segment 3 darker than Lectotype (here designated): : (‘Islandia m., segment 2. Antenna dark fuscous very indistinctly 1 Origin., ex coll. /5 Staudinger, False abdomen ( ) glued ringed light ochreous. Head with frons pale creamy on, Teste O. Karsholt, 2004, Lectotype, Gelechia thuleel- yellow; vertex, thorax and tegula concolorous with la Zeller, 1857, O. Karsholt design, 2004’) () [examined]. forewing. Forewing glossy blackish brown; plical and Gelechia similella Doubleday, 1859: 30. See remarks below. discal stigma very indistinct, first discal beyond Gelechia pullifimbriella Clemens, 1863: 120. Holotype second plical; costal and tornal patches white and (?), : (‘181 or 191(on handwritten la- indistinct, often fused to a slightly outwards bent bel), USA, Type 7351’) () [examined]. fascia; subapical area with many black scales; cilia Gelechia confinis Stainton, 1871: 98. Lectotype (here dark grey. Hindwing fuscous, darker towards apex, designated): : Perth, ex larva 1.vi.1871, Moss, leg. J. B. White; (‘S58, 71; Stainton Coll., cilia concolorous. Gelechia confinis Stn., d, named by Stn.’) () Variation. In west Palaearctic B. similis has rather [examined]. constant features. The costal and tornal patches vary Gelechia obscurecinerea Nolcken, 1871: 573. Lectotype from white to ochreous and can be rather prominent. (here designated): : Mönnust, 4.vii.1868; (‘Var. b. Some specimens are slightly lighter with more dis- ; Gen. Præp. 3549 , O. Karsholt; Bryotropha similis tinct stigmata while others are plain black without Stt., O. Karsholt det., 15.III.1980; lectotypus, Gelechia obscurecinerea Nolcken, O. Karsholt design.’) () visible wing markings. Outside west Palaearctic [examined]. B. similis is more variable. Specimens from Greenland Gelechia stolidella Morris, 1872: pl.108, fig. 1. are smaller and have the forewing mottled with white : Isle of Man, vii. Type material not traced. scales. Similar forms are also found in Far East Russia. Gelechia (Bryotropha) fuliginosella Snellen, 1882: 645. Lecto- Specimens from China are characterized by the clear : type (here designated): Wolfhezen, yellow face and blackish brown neck, and by having 4.vii.1872; leg. P. C. T. Snellen; (‘Cat. No 1; Museum Lei- den, Bryotropha fuliginosella Snell., Det. v. L; [underside] the labial palps (especially segment 2) more yellow than in European specimens.
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Male genitalia (figs. 135-137, 216, 217, 261, 349- Gelechia thuleella was described from six more or 352). Uncus sub-rectangular. Socii with 3-4 setae. less worn specimens collected by Krüper in North Gnathos relatively slender with sharp 120 degree Iceland (Staudinger 1857). Though Staudinger is the bend, distinctly thickened just after bend. Thorn- author of the paper, the descriptions of some species shield triangular with 50-80 spikes of different sizes. of Microlepidoptera were made by Zeller, who The form of the gnathos in combination with the should be considered the author of G. thuleella high number of spikes on the thornshield separate (K. Sattler in litt.). We examined two syntypes in B. similis from related species. . One is a male in good condition, but with a fe- Female genitalia (figs. 307, 308, 397). Segment male abdomen glued on. It is here designated as the VIII with crescent-shaped lamella postvaginalis and lectotype (see above). The other syntype belongs to microtrichia. Distal end of ventral groove marked by Scrobipalpa samadensis (Pfaffenzeller, 1870). There is heavily sclerotized extension. Dorsal side of segment a further male syntype without abdomen in . VIII with small median tongue. Signum large and Gelechia similella Doubleday is an unjustified elongate, up to twice as long as wide, with stout emendation of Gelechia similis Stainton. spikes on corners. Differs from other species by the Gelechia confinis was described from an unstated size and shape of the signum. number (‘several’) of specimens bred from moss col- lected on old walls in Great Britain, Scotland, near Biology Perth (Stainton 1871). According to Bankes (1898) Similar to that of B. affinis (Bankes 1898: 197). Stainton based his description on specimens bred by The larva has the head and prothoracic plate dark Barrett in June 1870, and not on specimens in his brown and the body brown (Meyrick 1928). It has own collection bred from the same locality by White been bred from old walls covered with mosses (Stain- in 1871. However, that contradicts Stainton’s (op ton 1871). Larvae and pupae have been found under cit.: 99) statement that: ‘I also bred a few specimens moss both on walls and on boulders and stones on the this summer [1871]’, and one of these is here desig- ground. The pupae were in very fragile coccoons nated as the lectotype (see above). Gelechia confinis (Heckford in litt.). One of the paratypes of represents a dark (‘northern’) form of B. similis and G. obscurecinerea was bred from moss together with was synonymized with Gelechia stolidella (a synonym Catoptria falsella ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) of B. similis) by Gregson (1871) and with B. similis by (Crambidae) (Nolcken 1871). Adults have been Bankes (1898). collected from early June to late August, most likely Gelechia obscurecinerea was described from 8 males in one generation. The species is found from sea level and 8 females collected in June and July in Latvia: to 2300 m in the Pyrenees. Pichtendahl, Mönnust and Dorpat. Nolcken divided the type material into a basic form and variation b, c Distribution (fig. 422). and d without naming any of the latter (Nolcken A species with a Holarctic distribution, though 1871). with a clear preference for temperate and Nordic cli- Gelechia stolidella was made available from an illus- mates. Widespread and often very common in north, tration; the accompanying text (Morris 1872: 82) central and east Europe. The only member of the gives no description, but states that G. stolidella was genus also occurring in Iceland. In south Europe, found in July on the Isle of Man, and that the illus- however, only known from a few mountainous tration was made by C. S. Gregson. The latter has regions. No confirmed records from the Iberian been quoted as author of G. stolidella, e. g., by Gaede Peninsula, rare in Italy, more common in the north (1937: 213), but according to an old pencil note in areas of the Balkans but absent from the south. We the copy of Morris’ work kept in the entomology de- examined a single male in the collections of the partment of , Gregson merely acted as an illus- that according to its label was collected in the Taurus trator for Morris (K. Sattler in litt.). We were unable Mountains of Turkey. A record from Cyprus (Aren- to trace any type material of G. stolidella. The Greg- berger & Wimmer 2003) needs confirmation. son collection was apparently split up. Part of it came Throughout Palaearctic Asia, north Nearctic region, via other collections to the , but labelling in including Greenland. those days was so inadequate that it is now impossible to trace any particular specimen (K. Sattler in litt.). Remarks Gregson’s illustration of G. stolidella is not very pre- Gelechia similis was described from an unstated num- cise, and we agree with R. Heckford (in litt.) that an ber of specimens collected in July ‘among thatch’ by accurate identification should not be drawn from it. Douglas in Great Britain: Stoat’s Nest, Charlton and Still, it does not contradict the current opinion that near Mickleham. A male in (collection of British G. stolidella seems to represent a dark form of Lepidoptera) is here selected as lectotype (see above). B. similis similar to G. confinis. The latter was
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133 134 135
Figs. 133-134. Bryotropha spp., detail of segment VIII with microtrichia. – 133, B. senectella showing thin needle- 136 shaped microtrichia, slide LB487; 134, B. umbrosella having characteristic broad wedge-shaped microtrichia, slide LB135. Bar = 20 µm.
synonymized with G. stolidella by Gregson (1871), 137 and G. stolidella has been regarded as a synonym of B. similis since Rebel (1901). Gelechia (Bryotropha) fuliginosella was described from three specimens from The Netherlands: one male and one female collected on 19 July 1871 near Rotterdam, and one male collected on 4 July 1872 Figs. 135-137. Variations in the sacculus of Bryotropha sim- near Wolfhezen in Gelderland. The latter is here des- ilis in lateral view. – 135, slide R0409; 136, slide R0248; ignated as the lectotype (see above). The synonymy of 137, slide R0299. B. fuliginosella with B. similis was established by Karsholt & Kristensen (1995). Bryotropha dufraneella was described from five seem hardly distinguishable from those of B. similis. males and four females collected at light in Frameries, The appearance of the adult moth, however, is differ- Garde in Belgium (Joannis 1928). We studied two ent, being slightly larger with dark greyish brown males in marked as paratypes. One of them forewings with clear markings including distinct was already dissected, whereas the other had no ab- patches of yellow scales after the discal stigmata in the domen. We have selected the former as the lectotype middle of the wing. Our study on the European (see above). The external features and genitalia do not Bryotropha has shown that populations can differ sub- differ from B. similis. stantially in external features. Unfortunately, only a Bryotropha novisimilis Li & Zheng was described limited number of Bryotropha from Asia, where both from one male collected in central China, Shaanxi taxa occur sympatrically, were available for the pre- Province. Externally the holotype falls within the se- sent study. For the time being we prefer to retain ries of B. similis known from China. It was separated B. svenssoni as a separate species. An evaluation of the from the latter by slight differences in the forewings status of B. svenssoni is left for a planned study on the (‘with a grey white spot at two thirds of the fold’) and genus Bryotropha in Asia. the genitalia, where the terminal part of the sacculus Bryotropha ambisenectella Li & Zheng, 1997 from is clearly constricted (Li & Zheng 1997: 398, fig. 8). Central China was stated in the original description This character has to be used with care since the sac- to be similar to B. senectella. We studied the type culus is both variable in shape and asymmetric in series of B. ambisenectella and were unable to separate design. Depending on variation and angle of observa- it from B. svenssoni. Also records of B. senectella from tion, the sacculus in B. similis can appear smoothly China (Li & Zheng 1997) refer to B. svenssoni. Even falcate, medially thickened, or terminally constricted though Li & Zheng list Park´s paper in their refer- (figs. 135-137). We therefore place B. novisimilis in ences, they do not refer to it in their publication and synonymy with B. similis. apparently had not seen material of B. svenssoni. The type material of Gelechia pullifimbriella Clemens, Duvita (?) tahavusella Forbes and Gelechia Material examined. – 2079 spec., including 175 genitalia clandestina Meyrick, 1923 are discussed by Rutten & preparations. – : 1 spec. – : 6 spec. – : 28 spec. – : 3 spec. – : 5 spec. Karsholt (2004). – : 1 spec. – : 571 spec. – : The genitalia of B. svenssoni Park from East Asia
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21 spec. – : 27 spec. – : 339 spec. – ringed ochreous. Head ochreous apart from dark : 5 spec. – : 3 spec. – : 57 spec. middle line on vertex; thorax and tegula concolorous – : 7 spec. – : 4 spec. – : 3 spec. with forewing. Forewing brown, mottled with yellow – : 1 spec. – : 836 spec. – : 14 spec. – : 23 spec. – : 80 spec. – : to greyish ochreous; plical and discal stigmata rather 8 spec. – : 1 spec. – : 28 spec. – - indistinct, often followed by patches or streaks of : 3 spec. – : 1 spec. – : 3 spec. ochreous scales; first discal beyond second plical; costal and tornal patches weakly pronounced, fused to an outwards bent fascia; subapical area irrorate Bryotropha senectella (Zeller) with black; cilia pale brown, with one or two dark cil- (figs. 107-109, 133, 210, 211, 258, 303, 304, 341- iary lines and yellow tips. Hindwing pale grey, slight- 344, 394, 423) ly darker towards apex, cilia concolorous with dark Gelechia senectella Zeller, 1839: 199. Lectotype (here des- ciliary line and yellow tips. ignated): : Zielona Góra, Glogów (‘Glogau’), leg. Variation. The forewing vary from brown with P. C. Zeller; (‘senectella Z., Isis 1839, 199; 8; Zeller coll., Walsingham collection 1910-427; Gelechia senectella more or less clear wing markings, to nearly unicolor- Zeller, Isis p. 199 (1839), Type , Lectotype , Gelechia ous dark brown. In coastal districts of north-west senectella Z., Select.: K. Sattler, 1961, Abdomen missing’) Europe, specimens can be extremely small, pale () [examined]. brown, and with indistinct wing markings. Very [no genus] ciliatella Herrich-Schäffer, 1853: pl. 78, fig. 590. small specimens are also known from Cyprus. These, Gelechia ciliatella Herrich-Schäffer, 1854: 174. Holotype : : however, combine a dark ground colour with con- Höchstadt, vii., leg. H. Schmid: (‘[label totally trasting ochreous markings. Such forms are not illegible], July, obscurella; Bryotropha ciliatella 1/6 HS, Hofmann det, In Hofmann coll.; HS. coll., Hfm. coll. known from the Balkans and Turkey, and slight dif- Wlsm. 1910-427; ciliatella HS [abdomen in gelatine cap- ferences in the female genitalia (fig. 109) suggest that sule]’) () [examined]. they may represent a distinct population, which may Bryotropha obscurella Heinemann, 1870: 239. Lectotype deserve status as a subspecies. : (here designated): Braunschweig; (‘Lectotype, Male genitalia (figs. 210, 211, 258, 341-344). Un- Bryotropha obscurella Heinemann, teste K. Sattler, 1986’) () [examined]. cus sub-rectangular, sometimes slightly emarginated. Bryotropha minorella Heinemann, 1870: 240. Holotype : Socii with 3 setae. Gnathos stout, rather angular, with : Mödling; (‘pulveratella, Mödling, Man. bulbous base. Thornshield triangular with 50-80 nov. 1852; Zeller coll., Walsingham collection 1910-427; spikes. Posterior margin of vinculum with very minorella mi; minorella Hnm. 240, Original; Gelechia prominent knee. Similar species: B. basaltinella q. v. minorella Hein., Schmett. Deuts. (2) 2 p. 240, Type Female genitalia (figs. 133, 303, 304, 394). (1870) [not dissected]’) () [examined]. Bryotropha phoebusella Millière, 1876: 328. Lectotype Segment VIII with characteristic two-lobed lamella (here designated): : Cannes, 27.iv; (‘Lectotype; postvaginalis and microtrichia. Distal end of ventral P. Leraut det.; prep no.1215; Bryotropha ; Lectotype , groove marked by sclerotized V-shaped rim at ⅓, Bryotropha senectella (Zeller), teste A.L.M. Rutten 1999’) followed by semicircular indentation. Dorsal side of (MHNP) [examined]. segment VIII with distinct median tongue. Signum Bryotropha larseni Strand, 1927: 283. Holotype : oval to sub-rectangular, with stout spikes on corners. : Bornholm, Gudhjem, 8.vii.1921, leg. F. Gud- mann, genitalia slide N. L. Wolff 1530; (‘Coll. C. S. B. senectella is immediately recognized by the lamella Larsen; Rebel: Bryotropha n. sp.; Holotype, Bryotropha postvaginalis. There is some varaibility as shown in larseni Strand, 1927’) () [examined]. figs 303, 304, which is mainly due to the smaller size of some specimens, especially those from Cyprus. The latter also have the lobes on the lamella post- Diagnosis vaginalis slightly more pronounced and the signum Small brown species with a dark line running over somewhat smaller. the middle of an otherwise ochreous brown head. The brown colour and the dark line running over Biology the vertex of the head distinguish B. senectella from The biology has been described by Heckford similar looking species. Very dark forms resemble & Sterling (2002). The larva with head and protho- B. similis. In case of doubt, they can be separated by racic plate blackish brown, body dull purplish or red- the pale yellow labial palpus and frons (creamy white dish brown, without subdorsal lateral or spiracular in B. similis). lines and anal plate large, brown. It lives in silken tubes amongst Homalothecium lutescens (Hedw.) H. Rob. Description growing on the ground or on low rocks, or amongst Adult (figs. 107-109). Wingspan 9-13 mm. Labial Bryum sp. growing on walls. Adults have been collect- palpus pale yellow, mottled with fuscous on outside ed from June to early September. Altitudinal range especially on segment 3. Antenna dark brown, weakly from sea level to 2000 m in central Turkey.
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Distribution (fig. 423) – : 2 spec. – : 1 spec. – : 725 spec. – : 2 spec. – : 28 spec. – : Widespread throughout Europe, especially in the 1 spec. – : 2 spec. – : 2 spec. – : 2 spec. north very common, less common and more local in – : 3 spec. – : 29 spec. – : 15 spec. south Europe. Absent from North Africa and the – : 2 spec. – : 21 spec. – : 1 spec. Middle East. A record from China is discussed below under remarks. A Remarks Gelechia senectella was described from 11 speci- Our study on Bryotropha has received generous mens collected in June in field-banks near Glogau support, advice and assistance from many ento- (now Glogów) in Poland (Zeller 1839). A specimen mologists. in , already labelled as the lectotype, is here for- We are especially indebted to Klaus Sattler mally designated. (, London, Great Britain) for sharing his great Gelechia ciliatella was described from one specimen knowledge on Bryotropha with us, and to Niels collected by H. Schmid by Höchstadt in Germany in P. Kristensen (, Copenhagen, Denmark) and July. Herrich-Schäffer (1854) mentioned two addi- Erik J. van Nieukerken (, Leiden, Netherlands) tional specimens from the same area, having the api- for supporting our work. cal part of the forewings less vivid yellow. We are also particularly grateful to Mr. Martin Bryotropha obscurella was described from an unstat- F.V. Corley, Faringdon, UK. for a linguistic check of ed number of specimens (‘Es kommen Stücke vor’) and comments on the manuscript, to Mr. Geert (Heinemann 1870: 239). The type locality was Brovad () for photographing the moths for the not stated, but Heinemann’ s work dealt with the colour plates, and to Mr. H. Hendriksen () for Lepidoptera of Germany and Switzerland. A speci- preparing numerous genitalia slides. men in , already labelled as lectotype, is here We would like to thank the following colleagues formally designated as such. B. obscurella represents for loans and/or donation of material without the dark brown form of B. senectella discussed above. which this study would not have been possible, Bryotropha minorella was described from a single and/or for various comments, helpful discussions or specimen from Austria, Mödling (Heinemann 1870). for giving access to museum collections: Leif Aarvik Bryotropha phoebusella was described from an un- (Ås, Norway), David J. L. Agassiz (Gravesend, stated number of specimens found in April on heaths UK), Ernst Arenberger (Vienna, Austria), Giorgio (Millière 1876). Baldizzone (Asti, Italy), Graziano Bassi (, Bryotropha larseni refers to one female collected by Torino, Italy), Bengt Å. Bengtsson (Färjestaden, Swe- F. Gudmann 8 July 1921 in Gudhjem, Bornholm, den), Aleksei V. Bidzilya (, Kiev, Ukraine), Denmark. It was described, but not named, by Rebel Willy Biesenbaum (Velbert-Langenberg, Germany), in Larsen (1927: 96-97) as a ‘form’ related to Kenneth G. M. Bond (Cork, Ireland), Leo Bot B. senectella, and named (by indication ( article (Terschelling, Netherlands), Ulf Buchsbaum (, 12.2) by Strand (1927). It is of a form with fuscous Münich, Germany), Anton L. Cox (Mook, brown forewings and light yellowish head and labial Netherlands), Roy Danielsson (, Lund, Swe- palpi. den), Günter Ebert (, Karlsruhe, Germany), Bryotropha montana Li & Zheng, 1997 from Cen- Gustav Elsner (Prague, Czech Republic), Per Falck tral China is, as stated in the original description, (Svaneke, Denmark), Manfred Gerstberger (Berlin, closely related to B. senectella. The type series Germany), Cees Gielis (Lexmond, Netherlands), (two males), which were collected together with Michael Harper (Ledbury, UK), R. J. (Bob) Heck- B. ambisenectella, is characterized by having the basal ford (Plympton, UK), Ronald W. Hodges (Eugene, part of the nearly unicolorous forewings very dark. U.S.A.), Peter Huemer (, Innsbruck, Austria), The genitalia of the holotype (and only dissected K. J. (Hans) Huisman (Wezep, Netherlands), specimen) are similar to B. senectella, but differ in Michael Hull (, Liverpool, UK), Juhani Itamiës some small details, especially the short saccus. (Oulu, Finland), Maurice G. M. Jansen (Leiden, Netherlands), Lauri Kaila (, Helsinki, Finland), Material examined. – 1983 spec., including 154 genitalia Tomás Kizek (Banská Bystrica, Slovak Republic), preparations. – : 1 spec. – : 2 spec. Helmut Kolbeck (Landshut, Germany), J. C. (Sjaak) – : 62 spec. – : 3 spec. – : 4 spec. – : 4 spec. – : 1 spec. – : 5 spec. Koster (Callantsoog, Netherlands), Z. Kovács (Mier- – : 4 spec. – : 649 spec. – : curea Ciuc, Romania), Joop H. Kuchlein (Wagenin- 1 spec. – : 4 spec. – : 105 spec. – : gen, Netherlands), András Kun (, Budapest, 309 spec. – : 3 spec. – : 13 spec. Hungary), John R. Langmaid (Southsea, UK), – : 8 spec. – : 29 spec. – : 1 spec. Patrice Leraut (, Paris, France), Houhun Li
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(, Tianjin, China), Martin Lödl (, Vienna, Magazine 34: 196-198. Austria), Wolfram Mey (, Berlin, Germany), Barrett, C. G., 1893. Occurrence of Gelechia (Bryotropha) Kauri Mikkola (, Helsinki, Finland), Joël Minet figulella, Staud. in England. – Entomologist’ s Monthly (, Paris, France), Erik J. van Nieukerken Magazine 29: 158. , Benander, P., 1961. Die Microlepidopteren in Thunbergs ( Leiden, Netherlands), Kari Nupponen ‘Insecta Svecica’, 1784-1794. – Opuscula Entomologica (Espoo, Finland), Umberto Parenti (Torino, Italy), 26: 243-247. the late Dalibor Povolny´ (Brno, Czech Republic), Bidzilya, A., 1996. A new species of the genus Bryotropha Willy de Prins (Antwerpen, Belgium), Herbert Pröse (Lepidoptera, Gelechiidae) from the South Ukraine. (Hof, Germany), Rimantas Puplesis (Vilnius, – Vestnik zoologii 1996: 83. Bidzylia, O. V. [A.], Y. I. Budashkin & I. Y. Kostjuk, 1998. 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Lepidopterologisches aus Livland. – Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) – Stettiner entomologische Zeitung 47: 168-171. Entomology 28: 153-282. Tengström, J. M. J. af, 1848. Bidrag till Finlands fjäril- Sattler, K., 1979. A taxonomic revision of the genus fauna. – Notiser ür Sällskapets pro Fauna och Flora Fen- Deltophora Janse, 1950 (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae). nica Förhandlinger 1: 69-164. – Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Turati, W., 1934. Novità di Lepidotterologia in Cirenaica Entomology 38: 153-282. IV. – Atti della Società Italiana di Scienze Naturali, Sattler, K., 1986. The systematic position of Bryotropha Milano 78: 159-211, pl. 3. indignella Staudinger, 1879 (Lepidoptera, Gelechiidae). Ueda, T., Y. Yamate & Sagara, 1995. Gelechiid fauna of Asa – Deutsche entomologische Zeitschrift (N. F.) 33: Town, Asakita-ku, Hiroshima City. – Transaction of the 233-234. Lepidopterological Society of Japan 46: 145-152. Sattler, K. 1992. New synonyms of European Gelechiidae Viette, P., 1950. Les Types de Tinéides de Constant. (Lepidoptera). – Entomologica Gallica 3: 107-112. – Revue Francaise de Lépidopterologie 12: 337-341. Savenkov, N., I. Sulcs, S. Kerppola & L. Hildén, 1996. Vives Moreno, A., 1994. Cátalogo sistematico y sinonimico Checklist of Latvian Lepidoptera – Latvijas Taurinu de los Lepidópteros de la Península Ibérica y Baleares Katalogs. – Baptria 21 (3a): 1-71. (Insecta: Lepidoptera). – Ministerio de Agricultura, Pesca Schawerda, C., 1936. Beitrag zur Mikrolepidopterenfauna y Alimentacion, Madrid. x + 775 pp. Sardiniens. – Zeitschrift des Österreichischen Entomolo- Vorbrodt, C. & J. Müller-Rutz, 1913-1914. Die Schmetter- gen-Vereines. 21: 60-64, 65-67, 79-83. linge der Schweiz 2: 1-726. – K. J. Wyss, Bern. Schütze, K. T., 1931. Die Biologie der Kleinschmetterlinge. Walsingham, T. de Grey, 1901-1911. Spanish and Moorish – Verlag des Internationalen Entomologischen Vereins Micro-Lepidoptera. – Entomologist’s monthly Magazine E. V., Frankfurt a. M. 235 pp. 37: 233-239 (1901); 39: 179-187, 209-214, 262-269, Snellen, P. C. T., 1882. De vlinders van Nederland. 292-293 (1903); 40: 7-8 (1904); 43: 212-218 (1907); Microlepidoptera, systematisch beschreven. – E. J. Brill, 44: 52-55, 226-229 (1908); 47: 212 (1911). Leiden. xiii + 1197 pp., 13 pls. Walsingham, T. de Grey, 1908. Microlepidoptera of Tene- Stainton, H. T., 1851. A supplementary catalogue of the rife. – Proceeding of the Zoological Society of London. British Tineina & Pterophoridae. – John van Voorst, 1907: 911-1034, pls lii-liii. London. iv + 13 pp. Zeller, P. C., 1839. Versuch einer naturgemässen Einteilung Stainton, H. T., 1854. Insecta Britannica. Lepidoptera der Schaben. – Isis von Oken 1839: 166-220. Tineina & Pterophoridae. – Lovell Reeve, London. viii + Zeller, P. C., 1847. Bemerkungen über die auf einer Reise 313 pp., 10 pls. nach Italien und Sicilien beobachteten Schmetter- Stainton, H. T., 1865. The natural history of the Tineina 9: lingsarten. – Isis von Oken: 1849: 121-159, 213-233, [i-vii], 1-276, pls 1-8. – John van Voorst, London, Paris, 284-308, 401-457, 483-522, 561-594, 639-673, 721- Berlin. 771, 801-859, 881-914. Stainton, H. T., 1866a. Observations on Tineina. – Ento- Zeller, P. C., 1849-50. Verzeichniss der von Herrn Jos. mologist’s monthly Magazine 3: 54-57. Mann beobachteten Toscanischen Microlepidoptera. – Stainton, H. T., 1866b. New British Tineina. – The Ento- Stettiner entomologische Zeitung 10 (1849): 200-223, mologist’s Annual 1866: 167-171. 231-256, 275-287, 312-317; 11 (1850): 59-64, 134-136, Stainton, H.T. 1869. The Tineina of southern Europe. 139-162, 195-212. – John van Voorst, London. viii + 370 pp., 1 pl. Zeller, P. C., 1857. See Staudinger, O., 1857. Stainton, H. T. 1871. New British Tineina in 1870. – The Zetterstedt, J. W., 1838-1840. Insecta lapponica. – Lipsiae. Pp. Entomologist’s Annual 1871: 96-100. 1-867 (1838); 874-1013 (1839); 1022-1139 (1840). Staudinger, O., 1857. Reise nach Island zu entomologis- chen Zwecken untergenommen. – Stettiner entomologis- Received: 10 September 2004 che Zeitung 18: 209-289. Accepted: 10 December 2004
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INDEX TO SPECIFIC NAMES
affinella ...... 138 glabrella ...... 116 plebejella ...... 133 affinis ...... 138 glebicolorella ...... 80 politella ...... 110 affinitella ...... 138 griseella ...... 121 portlandicella ...... 139 algiricella ...... 99 griseella (nigricella f.) ...... 81 pullifimbriella ...... 141 aliterrella ...... 111 haareki ...... 121 punctata ...... 99 alpicolella ...... 113 heckfordi ...... 118 purpurella ...... 107 anacampsoidella ...... 139 hendrikseni ...... 128 quignoni ...... 113 ancillula ...... 133 horribilis ...... 96 rossica ...... 102 angustella ...... 121 hulli ...... 131 rufa ...... 113 angustipennis ...... 80 ilmatariella ...... 121 sabulosella ...... 97 anomalella ...... 81 imperitella ...... 133 salmonis ...... 99 arabica ...... 104 indignella ...... 80 saralella ...... 134 azovica ...... 104 inexpectella ...... 133 sardoterrella ...... 113 basaltinella ...... 136 inulella ...... 113 sattleri ...... 114 boreella ...... 123 italica ...... 109 senectella ...... 144 brevipalpella ...... 120 joannisi ...... 113 serrulatella ...... 120 capnella ...... 119 larseni ...... 144 similella ...... 141 ciliatella ...... 144 latella ...... 113 similis ...... 141 cinerosella ...... 120 lutescens ...... 113 species A ...... 103 cinnamomea ...... 119 minorella ...... 144 species B ...... 127 clandestina ...... 141 mulinoides ...... 129 stolidella ...... 141 confinis ...... 141 mundella ...... 139 stramentella ...... 80 damonella ...... 80 neftensis ...... 81 subnigricella ...... 80 decrepidella ...... 116 nigricella ...... 80 suspectella ...... 113 desertella ...... 116 novisimilis ...... 141 sutteri ...... 125 domestica ...... 99 nupponeni ...... 112 tachengensis ...... 102 domesticella ...... 99 obscurecinerea ...... 141 tachyptilella ...... 108 dryadella ...... 134 obscurella ...... 144 tahavusella ...... 141 dufraneella ...... 141 ochrea ...... 113 tectella ...... 138 expolitella ...... 110 oppositella auct...... 139 tegulella ...... 138 figulella ...... 119 pallorella ...... 129 tenebrosella ...... 113 flavipalpella ...... 107 patockai ...... 107 terrella ...... 113 fuliginosella ...... 141 pauperella ...... 113 thuleella ...... 141 fulvipalpella ...... 139 peterseni ...... 80 umbrosella ...... 139 fusconigratella ...... 121 phoebusella ...... 144 vondermuhlli ...... 100 galbanella ...... 121 phycitiniphila ...... 124 wolschrijni ...... 117 gallurella ...... 125 plantariella ...... 120 zannonicola ...... 129
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138 139 140
141 142 143
Figs. 138-143. Bryotropha spp., male genitalia, frontal and lateral. – 138-140, B. horribilis, paratypes, Turkey, slide R0507 (138, 139), Lebanon, slide R0508 (140); 140-143, B. sabulosella, Turkey, slide AR0370 (141, 142), Iran, slide R0528 (143). Bar = 200 µm.
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T E, 148, 2005
144 145 146
147 148
149 150
Figs. 144-150. Bryotropha spp., male genitalia, frontal and lateral. – 144-146, B. domestica, Spain, slide R0493 (144), Great Britain, slide R0414 (145, 146); 147-148, B. vondermuhlli, Portugal, slide AR0474; 149-150, B. rossica, Russia, slide AR0619. Bar = 200 µm.
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151 153
152
154
155 157
156 158
Figs. 151-158. Bryotropha spp., male genitalia lateral. – 151-152, B. azovica, Turkey, slide AR0121; 153-154, B. arabica, Spain, slide R0435; 155-156, B. patockai, paratype, Slovakia, slide AR0355; 157-158, B. purpurella, Sweden, slide R0321. Bar = 200 µm.
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159 161
160 162
163 165
164 166
Figs. 159-166. Bryotropha spp., male genitalia lateral. – 159-160, B. tachyptilella, Turkey, slide R0511; 161-162, B. italica, paratype, Italy, slide R0504; 163-164, B. politella, Great Britain, slide R0426; 165-166, B. aliterrella, Spain, slide R0460. Bar = 200 µm.
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167 169
168 170
171 172
173
Figs. 167-173. Bryotropha spp., male genitalia lateral. – 167-168, B. nupponeni, paratype, Russia, slide AR0590; 169-171, B. desertella, Spain, slide R0481 (169, 170), Turkey, slide AR0398 (171); 172-173, B. wolschrijni, paratype, Spain, slide R0345. Bar = 200 µm.
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174 176
175
177
178 180
179 181
Figs. 174-181. Bryotropha spp., male genitalia lateral. – 174-175, B. heckfordi, paratype, Spain, slide AR0634; 176-177, B. terrella, France, slide R0287; 178-179, B. sattleri, Spain, slide AR0183; 180-181, B. figulella, Spain, slide R0268. Bar = 200 µm.
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182
184 183
185
186
188
189 187
Figs. 182-189. Bryotropha spp., male genitalia lateral. – 182-183, B. plantariella, Russia, slide R0494; 184-187, B. galbanella, Russia, slide R0593 (184, 185), Netherlands, slide R0596 (186, 187); 188-189, B. boreella, Finland, slide R0598. Bar = 200 µm.
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190
192
191
193
194 196
195 197
Figs. 190-197. Bryotropha spp., male genitalia lateral. – 190-191, B. phycitiniphila, paratype, Kazakhstan, slide AR0638; 192-193, B. sutteri, paratype, Turkey, slide R0542; 194-195, B. hendrikseni, paratypes, Italy, slide R0505; 196-197, B. gallurella, Spain, slide AR0133. Bar = 200 µm.
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198 200 201
199 202
207 203 205
204 206
Figs. 198-207. Bryotropha spp., male genitalia lateral. – 198-200, B. pallorella, Sardinia, slide AR0299 (198, 199), Spain, slide WF3582 (200); 201-202, B. hulli, paratype, Greece, slide R0483; 203-204, B. plebejella, Spain, slide AR0471; 205-207, B. dryadella, Italy, slide AR0412 (205, 206), Spain, slide R0350 (207). Bar = 200 µm.
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208 210
209 211
214 212 216
213 215 217
Figs. 208-217. Bryotropha spp., male genitalia lateral. – 208-209, B. basaltinella, Spain, slide R0476; 210-211, B. senectella, Netherlands, slide LB0505; 212-213, B. affinis, Bulgaria, slide AR0369; 214-215, B. umbrosella, Netherlands, slide R0809; 216-217, B. similis, Netherlands, slide R0388. Bar = 200 µm.
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218
219
Figs. 218-219. Bryotropha spp., male genitalia unrolled. – 218, B. horribilis, paratype, Iran, slide R0532; 219, B. sabulosella, Macedonia, slide AR0414. Bar = 200 µm.
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220
221
222
223
Figs. 220-223. Bryotropha spp., male genitalia unrolled. – 220-221, B. domestica, Greece, slide GU5559, 221- annulus lobes; 222-223, B. vondermuhlli, Spain, slide R0501, 223- annulus lobes. Bar = 200 µm.
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224
225
Figs. 224-225. Bryotropha spp., male genitalia unrolled. – 224, B. rossica, Russia, slide AR0619; 225, B. species A, Turkey, slide R0554. Bar = 200 µm.
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226
227
Figs. 226-227. Bryotropha spp., male genitalia unrolled. – 226, B. azovica, Turkey, slide R0535; 227, B. arabica, Spain, slide R0369. Bar = 200 µm.
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228
229
Figs. 228-229. Bryotropha spp., male genitalia unrolled. – 228, B. patockai, paratype, Slovakia, slide AR354; 229, B. purpurella, Russia, slide R0551. Bar = 200 µm.
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230
231
Figs. 230-231. Bryotropha spp., male genitalia unrolled. – 230, B. tachyptilella, Turkey, slide R0549; 231, B. italica, paratype, Italy, slide R0557. Bar = 200 µm.
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232
233
Figs. 232-233. Bryotropha spp., male genitalia unrolled. – 232, B. politella, Great Britain, slide R0336; 233, B. aliterrella, Spain, slide AR0481. Bar = 200 µm.
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234
235
Figs. 234-235. Bryotropha spp., male genitalia unrolled. – 234, B. nupponeni, holotype, Rusia, slide AR0592; 235, B. desertella, Cyprus, slide AR0148. Bar = 200 µm.
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236
237
238
239
Figs. 236-239. Bryotropha spp., male genitalia unrolled. – 236-237, B. wolschrijni, paratype, Spain, slide AR0154, 237- annulus lobes; 238-239, B. heckfordi, paratype, Spain, slide HH2291 (238)- 239, annulus lobes. Bar = 200 µm.
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240
241
242
Figs. 240-242. Bryotropha spp., male genitalia unrolled. – 240, B. terrella, Spain, slide AR0160; 241-242, B. sattleri, Spain, slide R0541, 242- annulus lobes. Bar = 200 µm.
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243
244
Figs. 243-244. Bryotropha spp., male genitalia unrolled. – 243, B. figulella, Spain, slide R0556; 244, B. plantariella, Transbaikalia, slide R0370. Bar = 200 µm.
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245
246
247
Figs. 245-247. Bryotropha spp., male genitalia unrolled. – 245, B. galbanella, Netherlands, slide R0521, 246- annulus lobes; 247, B. boreella, Denmark. slide R0555. Bar = 200 µm.
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248
249
Figs. 248-249. Bryotropha spp., male genitalia unrolled. – 248, B. phycitiniphila, paratype, Kazakhstan, slide OK4664; 249, B. sutteri, paratype, Turkey, slide R0543. Bar = 200 µm.
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250
251
Figs. 250-251. Bryotropha spp., male genitalia unrolled. – 250, B. hendrikseni, paratype, Macedonia, slide AR0145; 251, B. gallurella, Spain, slide R0280. Bar = 200 µm.
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252
253
254
255
Figs. 252-255. Bryotropha spp., male genitalia unrolled. – 252-253, B. pallorella, Portugal, slide AR0138 (252), Sardinia, slide AR0305 (253); 254, B. hulli, paratype, Cyprus, slide AR0147; 255, B. plebejella, Cyprus, slide AR0144. Bar = 200 µm.
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256
257
258
Figs. 256-258. Bryotropha spp., male genitalia unrolled. – 256, B. dryadella, Sardinia, slide AR0155; 257, B. basaltinella, Netherlands, slide R0515; 258, B. senectella, Germany, slide AR0139. Bar = 200 µm.
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259
260
261
Figs. 259-261. Bryotropha spp., male genitalia unrolled. – 259, B. affinis, Netherlands, slide R0384; 260, B. umbrosella, Germany, slide R0520; 261, B. similis, Netherlands, slide R0409. Bar = 200 µm.
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T E, 148, 2005
262 263 264
Figs. 262-264. Bryotropha spp., female genitalia. – 262, B. horribilis, paratype, Lebanon, slide AR0380; 263-264, B. sabulosella, Iran, slide R0527; 263, ventral aspect, 264, dorsal aspect. Bar = 200 µm.
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K R: Bryotropha in Western Palaearctic
265 266 267
Figs. 265-267. Bryotropha spp., female genitalia. – 265, B. domestica, Great Britain, slide R0402; 266, B. vondermuhlli, Portugal, slide AR0475; 267, B. rossica, Russia, slide OK3898. Bar = 200 µm.
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T E, 148, 2005
268 269 270
Figs. 268-270. Bryotropha spp., female genitalia. – 268-269: B. rossica, Russia, slide AR0593; 268, ventral aspect, 269, dorsal aspect; 270, B. azovica, Bulgaria, slide AR0368. Bar = 200 µm.
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K R: Bryotropha in Western Palaearctic
271 273272
Figs. 271-273. Bryotropha spp., female genitalia. – 271, B. arabica, Spain, slide R0260; 272, B. patockai, paratype, Slovakia, gen. slide AR0637; 273, B. purpurella, Sweden, slide R0322. Bar = 200 µm.
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T E, 148, 2005
274 275 276
Figs. 274-276. Bryotropha spp., female genitalia. – 274, B. tachyptilella, Turkey, slide R0550; 275, B. italica, paratype, Italy, slide R0503; 276, B. politella, France, slide AR0435. Bar = 200 µm.
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K R: Bryotropha in Western Palaearctic
277 278 279
Figs. 277-279. Bryotropha spp., female genitalia. – 277, B. aliterrella, Spain, slide R0459; 278, B. nupponeni, paratype, Russia, slide AR0598; 279, B. desertella, Spain, slide R0474. Bar = 200 µm.
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T E, 148, 2005
280 281 282
Figs. 280-282. Bryotropha spp., female genitalia. – 280, B. wolschrijni, paratype, Spain, slide R0456; 281, B. heckfordi, paratype, Spain, slide AR0609; 282, B. terrella, Ukraine, slide R0387. Bar = 200 µm.
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283 284 285
Figs. 283-285. Bryotropha spp., female genitalia. – 283, B. sattleri, Spain, slide R0516; 284, B. plantariella, Sweden, slide R0320; 285, B. figulella, Spain, slide R0594. Bar = 200 µm.
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286 287 288
Figs. 286-288. Bryotropha spp., female genitalia. – 286, B. galbanella, Sweden, slide AR0529; 287, B. boreella, Denmark, slide AR0610; 288, B. phycitiniphila, paratype, Kazakhstan, slide OK4997. Bar = 200 µm.
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K R: Bryotropha in Western Palaearctic
289 290 292 293
291
Figs. 289-293. Bryotropha spp., female genitalia. – 289, B. sutteri, paratype, Turkey, slide R0544; 290-291, B. hendrikseni, paratype, Italy, slide R0506 (290), Bulgaria, slide AR0388 (291); 292-293, B. gallurella, Spain, slide AR0606 (292), Sardinia, slide R0471 (293). Bar = 200 µm.
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T E, 148, 2005
294 295 296 297
Figs. 294-297. Bryotropha spp., female genitalia. – 294, B. species B, Greece, slide AR0480; 295, B. plebejella, Spain, slide R0432; 296-297, B. pallorella, Portugal, slide AR0336 (296), Spain, slide R0530 (297). Bar = 200 µm.
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K R: Bryotropha in Western Palaearctic
298 299 300 301
Figs. 298-301. Bryotropha spp., female genitalia. – 298-299, B. hulli, paratypes, Greece, Rhodos, slide AR0410 (298), Greece, slide R0486 (299); 300-301, B. dryadella, France, slide AR0362 (300), Greece, slide AR0288 (301). Bar = 200 µm.
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T E, 148, 2005
302 303 304 305
Figs. 302-305. Bryotropha spp., female genitalia. – 302, B. basaltinella, Spain, slide R0595; 303-304, B. senectella, Netherlands, slide R0202 (303), Cyprus, slide AR0395 (304); 305, B. affinis, Germany, slide R0599. Bar = 200 µm.
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K R: Bryotropha in Western Palaearctic
306 307 308
Figs. 306-308. Bryotropha spp., female genitalia. – 306, B. umbrosella, Denmark, slide AR0321; 307-308, B. similis, Netherlands, slide R0190 (307), Netherlands, slide R0418 (308). Bar = 200 µm.
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T E, 148, 2005
309 310 311 312
313 314 315 316
317 318 319 320
321 322 323 324
325 326 327 328
329 330 331 332
Figs. 309-360. Bryotropha spp., variations in the gnathos of similis-group species shown in lateral outline. – 309, B. figulella, slide R0268; 310-312, B. plantariella, slide R0370 (310), slide R0494 (311), slide R0319 (312); 313-315, B. boreella, slide R0598 (313), slide R0307 (314), slide R0597 (315); 316, B. phycitiniphila, slide OK04664; 317-319, B. galbanella, slide R0334 (317), slide R0214 (318), slide R0593 (319); 320, B. sutteri, slide R0542; 321-324, B. hendrikseni, slide AR0393 (321), slide R0505 (322), slide R0489 (323), slide R0487(324); 325-328, B. gallurella, slide AR0117 (325), slide R0468 (326), slide AR0133 (327), slide R0545 (328); 329-332, B. plebejella, slide AR0169 (329), slide AR0432 (330), slide R0430 (331), slide R0498 (332).
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K R: Bryotropha in Western Palaearctic
333 334 335 336
337 338 339 340
341 342 343 344
345 346 347 348
349 350 351 352
353 354 355 356
357 358 359 360
333-336, B. dryadella, slide AR0412 (333), slide AR0445 (334), slide AR0424 (335), slide AR0363 (336); 337-340, B. basaltinella, slide R0329 (337), slide R0477 (338), slide AR0444 (339), slide R0421 (340); 341-344, B. senectella, slide R0457 (341), slide AR0400 (342), slide AR0361 (343), slide AR0397 (344); 345-346, B. hulli; slide AR0115 (345), slide R0483 (346); 347-348, B. pallorella, slide AR0299 (347), slide HW3582 (348); 349-352, B. similis, slide R0156 (349), slide R0409 (350), slide K3769 (351), slide R0129 (352); 353-356, B. affinis, slide LB0143 (353), slide LB0490 (354), slide AR0369 (355), slide LB0493 (356); 357-360, B. umbrosella, slide R0464 (357), slide R0306 (358), slide R0825 (359), slide R0828 (360).
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T E, 148, 2005
361 362 363 364
365 366367 368 369
370 371372 373 374
375 376377 378 379
380 381382 383 384
385 386387 388 389
390 391392 393 394
395 396 397
Figs. 361-397. Dorsal view of the distal margin of segment VIII in Bryotropha spp. – 361, B. horribilis; 362, B. sabulosella; 363, B. domestica; 364, B. vondermuhlli; 365, B. rossica; 366, B. azovica; 367, B. arabica; 368, B. patockai; 369, B. purpurel- la; 370, B. tachyptilella; 371, B. italica; 372, B. politella; 373, B. aliterrella; 374, B. nupponeni; 375, B. desertella; 376, B. wolschrijni; 377, B. heckfordi; 378, B. sattleri; 379, B. terrella; 380, B. figulella; 381, B. plantariella; 382, B.galbanella; 383, B. boreella; 384, B. phycitiniphila; 385, B. sutteri; 386, B. hendrikseni; 387, B. species B; 388, B. gallurella; 389, B. pallorella; 390, B. hulli; 391, B. plebejella; 392, B. dryadella; 393, B. basaltinella; 394, B. senectella; 395, B. affinis; 396, B. umbrosella; 397, B. similis.
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398
399
Figs. 398-426. Distribution maps of Bryotropha spp. – 398, B. horribilis; 399, B. sabulosella.
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400
401
400, B. domestica; 401, B. vondermuhlli.
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402
403
402, B. rossica (open dots), B. azovica (solid dots) and B. species A (half-open dots); 403, B. arabica.
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404
405
404, B. purpurella (open dots) and B. patockai (solid dots); 405, B. tachyptilella (solid dots) and B. italica (open dots).
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406
407
406, B. politella (solid dots), B. aliterrella (open dots) and B. nupponeni (half-open dots); 407, B. terrella.
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408
409
408, B. sattleri; 409, B. desertella.
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410
411
410, B. wolschrijni (solid dots) and B. heckfordi (open dots); 411, B. figulella (solid dots) and B. plantariella (open dots).
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412
413
412, B. galbanella; 413, B. boreella (solid dots) and B. phycitiniphila (open dot).
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414
415
414, B. sutteri (solid dots) and B. species B (open dots); 415, B. gallurella (open dots) and B. hendrikseni (solid dots).
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416
417
416, B. pallorella (solid dots) and B. hulli (open dots); 417, B. plebejella.
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418
419
418, B. dryadella; 419, B. basaltinella.
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420
421
420, B. affinis; 421, B. umbrosella.
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422
423
422, B. similis; 423, B. senectella
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