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1882 Old Kirk of King Edward Transactions OF THE BANFFSHIRE FIELD CLUB. THE STRATHMARTINE BanffshireTRUST Field Club The support of The Strathmartine Trust toward this publication is gratefully acknowledged. www.banffshirefieldclub.org.uk THURSDAY, NOVEMBER 16, 1882 MEETING AT BANFF. THE Banffshire Field Club held its first meeting of the session in the Academy Buildings on Thursday. The Rev. Mr Milne, King-Edward, introduced Mr Ramsay, St Leonards, as president for the next twelve months. Mr Ramsay having taken the chair and thanked the meeting for the honour done him, called upon the Secretary to read the minutes of last meeting, which were approved of. Four new members were then nominated. OLD KIRK OF KING-EDWARD. Rev. Mr MILNE read a paper on this subject in the following terms :— Name—Kynedor. 1178. earliest; Kynnedor. Kynnedore Kynedar, Kynedir. Kenidor. second: Keineder, Kvn- edwart, Kynnedwart Kinedwart. Kinedwarte, Kin- erward. Kinarword. Kynedward. 1389. usual form for next 300 years ; Kynnedward, Kynedworde Kinedward, 1471. common; Kinnedward, Kynedward, Kynnedward, Kynnedwarde, Kineduard, Kingedward, 1552; King- Edward. 1619. The name occurs in twenty-four different forms, the earliest being Kynedor. 1178 and there are six forms, mostly early, of similar sound. The last part of the name becomes wart in 1273, and ward in 1309. In 1389 the name becomes Kynedward. and soon after occurs Kinedward. These forms, especially the former, are very common for the next 300 years. In the Chartulary of Aberdeen Cathedral, about 1552, we get g for the first time. Kingedward. wif,h e. The modern form. King-Edward, occnrs for the first time, on the Communion cups, in 1619, and it came into Banffshirecommon use in the course of lasFieldt century. Club I have no etymology to offer for the name: but there are two other places of the same name, one in Fife, and another in Elgin—the latter as old as 934 at least; and any derivation proposed for this King-Edward would require to apply to the other places also. I may add that the oldest inhabitant, when I came to King-Edward 30 years ago, used to speak of the Manse as King- Edward, and that the name of the Castle is now so for- gotten, that it is usually called the 'Old Castle of Castleton.' Parish.—'The origin of the parish may be put about the year 1121, with David 1., the first Feudal Sovereign of Scotland. There were churches in this part of Scotland long before that: Columba planted churches at Aber- dour and Deer about 580. St Congan founded a monastery at Turriff in the following century; but the earliest clear instance of a parish in Scotland is >dnam. in Berwick, erected about; 1100, in the time of Edgar. His son, Alexander I , carried the formation of parishes north of the Forth, and with David I. and the feudal system, parishes became general over Scotland. The feudal system, with its written charters, made the Saxon Thane or Norman Knight feel secure in the possession of lands granted by the Sovereign in return for military service. The proprietor of a large district, he distributed his lands among his followers or the native inhabitants, to be cultivated for him at a fixed rent. With their labour, a castle or house of defence was erected for him; next, a church was built, and tithes were granted for the support of a minister; and an estate tithed to a church became a parish. In the Book of Deer, there is mention of the Bishop of Aberdeen about 1132. This, ot course, implies that there were churches and parishes to oversee in this dis- trict at that time, and it may be regarded as almost certain that a church and parish had been erected at King-Edward by the Celtic Earl of Buchan early in the 12th century, say 1124, the accession of David. King Edward has a detached part cut off by Gamrie and Alvah. This may have originated in two ways. Cultivation and population would spread outward from the parish church in continuous lines along the best tracts of land, and the new land would be tithed to the church, perhaps not the nearest, from which its ray of cultivation proceeded. Suppose a colony from King- Edward had settled about Montcoffer, or the Gowny of olden time, leaving a piece of unimproved land between them and the church of King-Edward, their land would be tithed to King-Edward, and it would be their parish church. Then the lines of cultivation spreading from Gamrie and Alvah may have met between the Mont- coffer colony and King-Edward, cutting them off, but leaving them still tithed to it. Or Montcoffer may have belonged to the same proprietor as King-Edward, and having it in his power to tithe his lands to any church he pleased, he may have selected King-Edward Banffshirefor other reasons than nearness . FieldThere is a ' Kirkside Club' in the detached part, and it may at one time have had a church of its own. In 1173 "William the Lyon founded the Abbey of Arbroath, and it soon became possessed of great wealth and influence. The nobles of the north trans- 5 ferred to it the right of appointing ministers to the Parish Churches in their lands; and with the patronage went the tithes. The Abbey drew the tithes, and sent some of its members to be ministers. The Bishop of Aberdeen, in 1178, or soon after, transferred to Arbroath Abbey the patronages of some churches vested in him— Fyvie. Gamrie. with the Chapel of Troup, Banff, Forglint, Turriff. Inverugie. and Fetterangus. King-Edward was not amongst the number ; possibly it looked to the ancient monastery of Deer for its ministers; but two of the charters conveying these patronages to Arbroath Abbey are witnessed by Henry Parson of King-Edward, ' a Henrico persona de Kynedor,' first; ' Kenidor/ second. This is the first mention of the name. About 1300, John Comyn. Earl of Buchan, bestowed the Church of King-Edwird upon the Abbey of Deer, founded by his grandfather in 1219. The monks sent one of their number to officiate at King-Edward, and uplifted for their own use the revenues of the Church—every tenth sheaf, every tenth chicken and lamb, every tenth cheese and pound of butter and wool. Money there was little or none to give. Pasch money and funeral fees are mentioned. How well or how ill the duties at King-Edward were performed we have no means of knowing, but we may suppose that it fared neither better nor worse than other parishes dependent on religious houses At first the duties would be well performed, but latterly the monks of Deer led an irregular life, spending on them- selves the revenues of dependent churches, and sending out ill-paid, perhaps ill qualified, chaplains to outlying churches. Robert Keith, one of the last abbots, is praised for his zeal in reforming the prevailing im- morality of his c'ergy. but he left. a natural son himself, who was created Lord Dingwall (1584.) Out of the fruits of the benefice of King-Edward, a chaplaincy was founded in St Machar Cathedral. In 1437. his salary was £3 6s. 8d., and next century it was raised to twice that sum. The Reformation came in 1560, when the monastery of Deer was suppressed and its revenues fell to the Crown. Robert Keith second son of William, 4th Earl Marischal, was appointed Commentator or Steward to levy the revenue of the Abbey for the Sovereign. At first, he grudged the teachers of the new doctrine their small stipend, and in 1569, with the countenance of Regent Murray, he asked that he might be relieved from certain payments to the preachers at King-Edward, and other abbey churches; but the General Assembly replied that the that in na wise Banffshireremit the thing that pertains to Fieldthe poor ministers. ' Club He seems, however, to have done some good to King- Edward. and to have been concerned in the enlargement of the Parish Church—not. at his own expense, but out of the revenues which he merely collected for the Crown. His initials, R.K., above his coat of arms, adorned one corner stone ot the east end of the old church, and the date, 1570 (or 6), the other. The stipend of the minister of King-Edward at this time was 10 marks (£5 l1s. 1d ); but he had to officiate also at Phillorth. "When 58 years of age, Keith re- signed the whole possessions of the Monas'tery of Deer (including those of King-Edward Church), into the hands of the King, who immediately erected them into the Lordship of Altrie, to he held by the commendator during his life. After his death, they descended to his relative the Earl of Marischal, and thus the patronage of King-Edward remained in the Earls Marischal till their forfeiture at the Rebellion of 1715, when it fell to the Crown. There it continued till the recent abolition of patronage. In the charter erecting the Abbey lands into the Lord- ship of Altrie, dated 1587, it. is stated that for • preach- ing of the Word of God. and the administration of the Sacrament, the King has erected a rectory or parsonage in each of the Parish Churches of Deir, Peterugie, Fovorne, and Kynedward ; the rector of each of which shall have a glebe and manse, and shall be bound to give continual residence at the same Church, and serve the Cure. Each of which rectors shall have for his pay and support, besides glebe and manse, an annual payment of victual and money,' Kynedward, two chalders of oatmeal and 100 merks to be paid to them by Robt.Keith and heirs.
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