146 PROCEEDINGS OB' THE SOCIETY, FEBRUARY! 8, 1932.

II. STANDING STONES AND OTHER ANTIQUITIES IN JURA. BY ERIC HARDWICKE RIDEOUT, M.A., B.Sc., F.S.A.ScoT. The main objec f theso t e noteprovido t s i s erecora e presen th f do t conditio e principath f no l antiquitie e islandth f o s. - -All the sites marked on the one-inch to one-mile Ordnance Survey Maps of Jura, in Gothic letters as of antiquarian interest, have been roughly surveyed and photographed in the years 1930 and 1931. They e classifieb y s follows:ma a d — Standing Stones Tarbert) (a : Corra) (b ; n Hous Sannai) (c e; g(d; ) Strone; (e) South of Cnoc Reamhor; (/) Carragh a Ghlinne. Sites f Chapels:o ) Tarbert(g ) Gil(h ; l Barnadill. Sites of Forts or Settlements: (k) An Aros; (Z) Dunan; (m) Crannog near Craighouse. Unfortunatel e Ordnancth y e Survey name books usefuo s , a sourcl e of information in England, have not proved helpful, as I am informed by the Director-General that the " name books concerned have been examined, but do not contain any information of a nature likely to be usefu o at nl archaeologist. e followinth n I " g note e accounth s t of each site is preceded, in italics, by the description applied on the Ordnance Survey Maps. (a) Standing Stones.—Near Tarbert e seawarth n o , droae th sid df eo from Lagg to Ardlussa, are marked both Standing Stones and Chapel. The most impressive of these stones stands in a clump of bracken on the roadside. It is firmly bedded in the soil on a slight eminence, with a, grou f smallepo r stones aroun e base s ddimensionth It . s are, height 8 feet, width 2 feet tapering to 1 foot 9 inches, thickness 9 inches. It is roughly rectangular, shape apee shara th o x t t dpa peak. Apparently this is the stone mentioned by Martin, who says " Within a mile of the Tarbat ther Stona s ei e erected about eight Foot heighr"1 Another stone stands in the graveyard at Tarbert, to the east of the former, neae westerth r n boundary wal e surface lth Th (fig f . o e .1) ground here is very rough, due to numerous excavations for graves and thico t k matted tussock f grasso s . Whethe e stonth r e does duta s ya headstone is uncertain by reason of the crowded state of the graveyard. It appears to be about 7 feet high above the ground level, is about 2 feet wide, irregula n shapei r d averagean , s abou foo1 t inche6 t s e onlth ys thick i monolit t e islanI .th n do h whic e s widehi th t a r 1 Martin, Description of the Western Islands of Scotland, 2nd ed., 1716, p. 231. STANDING STONES AND OTHER ANTIQUITIES IN-JURA. 147 summit than at the base. In front of it, undoubtedly acting as a headstone, is a smaller pointed stone, projecting about 1 foot 6 inches above the turf. The larger stone bears on its eastern face an incised cross, discernible in the photograph. The incision is so weathered and lichen-encrusted that its dimensions cannot be determined with accuracy. (Photographed September 1930.) (b) Standing Stones.—These e situatef Smalar e o nort th d t lhen da Isles betweed bayan , n Corran Hous Knockromed ean . Ther twoe ear , both comparatively smalllargee Th .r measures, above ground, height 5 fee inches2 t , widt t basa h fee3 e inche9 t s tapering graduallo t y 2 feet, whenc s bluntli t i e y pointed aboud an ,inche 0 1 t s thick. The smaller stone e abou feeth 0 o t t20 t east measures 4 feet 5 inches in height, width 1 foot 2 inches, with a rounded top, and is about 9 inches thick. A well-marked vein of brighter quartzite runs from top bottoo t maie th f mnstonee o facth f eo . Both stones are situated in a some- what boggy area used at one time as a turbary. Owin theio gt r smalld sizha eI at first some little difficulty in locating them, and in seeking information from Mr and Mrs Darragh of Corran House, was informed that a lady who had visited e islanth d some years before (between d 1921928d tolan ha 2d) them thae th t Fig. Standin1 . g Churche Stonth n ei - yard at Tarbert, Jura. stones gave their name to the island, one being called "Ju" and the other "Ea." Which was which I could not find out. Now Martin states that Nativee " Th tha y ssa t Juracall'o s s di from Brethren Rah,Diho d tw an , wh beliey'e oar havo dt e bee nsignifyinh DanesRa d Namee an th ;g h sDi as much as without Grace or Prosperity. Tradition says, that these two Brethren fought and kill'd one another in the village Knock-Cronm, where there are two Stones erected of 7 Foot high each, and under them they say, ther Urne e ar Brothers o s wittw Ashee e hDistancth e th f th :so e between them is about sixty yards."1 Undoubtedl e dealinar e yw g wit same hth truls i e t n storyi ya t bu , illuminating illustration of the pitfalls of folk-tales as a guide to local history, whe nlegena d first ascribe e "Nativesth o t d s forgotte"i y b n the d returnsman , somewhat garbled, fro e mout ma th visitor f o h . The stones appea o havt r e lost some height f Martin'i , s accouns i t accurate, as it is at Tarbert, but some of the discrepancy may be due 1 Martin cit.,. . 231p op , . 8 14 PROCEEDING E SOCIETYTH F O S , FEBRUAR , Y19328 . e growte eitheth th sinkina o f e e stonet bogo ho t rth th r o f , n go i s peat since botho 1716t r o ,. (Visited September 1930.) (c) Standing Stones.—To the north-east of the abandoned farmhouse of Sannaig, and in a semi-cultivated enclosure, lies an interesting collection of stones. The monolith here is 7 feet 4 inches high, 1 foot 8 inches to foo1 inche6 t a thicknes sf o wideinche 0 1 d feen f an ,o s Te st (fig. 2) . due south of the base of this stone is a collection of stones, suggesting very strongl relic e cista yth f o s. Amon ga numbe f smalleo r r stones

Fig . Standin2 . g Ston t Sannaigea , Jura, from south.

two are conspicuous, one 3 feet 10 inches long by 2 feet wide, and othere th , whic eithey hma r have been another monolite r parth ho f o t cist, measure fee6 s inche4 t s foo 1 long inche3 y t b s wide. There are, however, many loose stones hereabouts, which may have been collected fro fielde mr th dyk fo s e building represeny ma r e residuo , th t e from a cist. (Photographed August 1931.) (d) Standing Stone.—At distanca f aboueo t one-thir mila f deo south of Strone farmhouseopposite th n o burnd e isolate n sidth an a , f s ,i eo d stone (fig. 3). It measures 9 feet 6 inches in height, 1 foot 10 inches to 1 foot 3 inches in width, tapering to a point above, and 9 inches to 10 inches in thickness. Six feet eight inches west-south-west of the base lies a flat stone embedde e grounth n di d abou fee9 t tfee2 lond t widegan . Whether this forms part of a cist or is a fallen monolith is uncertain. STANDING STONE OTHED SAN R ANTIQUITIE JURAN I S9 14 . There appears to be a slight depression in the soil along one side of its length, but this may be due to normal erosion. Probing failed o discovet e existenc th y rstone-face an f o e d cavity. (Photographed September 1931.) (e) A Standing Stone is marked in the wood running from the Craighouse-Feolin Ferry road, south of Cnoc Reamhor. A preliminary search in 1930 failed to discover it, arid no opportunity for a further visit has been available. (/) Carrngha Ghlinne (? The e Glen).—ThisStoneth f o f o e on , the most impressive of the stand- ing stones of Jura, is situated in a narrow little valley which carries a stream from the eastern face of Brat Bheinn to the dam above the old distillery at Craig- house (fig. 4). Its measurements are, above ground, height fee7 , t 10 inches; width, 1 foot 10 inches to 2 feet, irregular; thickness. 1 foot. The lower part of the ston s beeha e n rubbed remark- ably smooth, perhaps by cattle. Aligne e oppositdth n wito t ehi bura smallebanthe is n of k r shaped stone, 2 feet 8 inches high and 2 feet wid t baselargee a Th e. monolith stands surrounded by Fig. 3. Standing Stone at Strone, Jura, from west. bracken, on the flood plain, near the stream, and is conspicuous for some distanc r dow o e north-o valleye p th n eth u o T . f this little flood plain, e grounth d slopes somewhat sharpl o abouyt feet 0 40 t, above which lies hiddee hillth sn i nLoch a Bhaile Mhargaidh. e soutth s i n h O a heather-clad ridge about 70 feet above the plain. Looking south-west over this small monolithe stonth o et smala , lridg e stonth en eo beyon d is strikingly obvious t whethe t bu thi, no s r alignmeno r s accidentai t l r intentionao s difficuli t i l o determinet t . Continuin e samth en i g directio e cairth n Crackais o ni n g Hill. (Photographed September 1930. Revisited September 1931.) (g) Chapel (near Tarbert).—Al e a seerectangulalb s thai nn ca t r excavation in the turf of the graveyard lying approximately east and west, about 12 yards long by 6 yards wide, with indications of a doorway som yarde3 e southerth sn froo wes e d nmth boundariee en sidet Th . s 0 15 PROCEEDING E SOCIETYTH F O S , FEBRUAR , 1932Y8 , of the hollow are, however, so irregular, in common with the rest of graveyarde th , that these dimension regardee b o t e approximats da sar e only. No trace of sfcone work ca-n be seen. Excavation might reveal the foundations. (Photographed September 1930.) (h) Gill Earnadill—Site f Chapel.—o Both these names occu a shorr t distance north of Keills, a few hundred yards west along the burn from the Manse. Here is a remarkable site, a small flood plain at the bottom ofa dee p valley, with steep side glaciaof s l driftoccupienow , the dby graveyard for the southern portion of the parish. Presumably here stood the church called Killearn of Martin; * perhaps even the village e mentionh e samth f e o sname, 2 thoug t seemhi s more probable that Keills occupie settlee sitth e f sth eo - .ment of Kilharnadull, 1564,3 or Killarnadill, e s sit1630.ha Th e 4 been obviously so altered in recent times that documentary evidence would be required to establish any- thing with certainty. Sites f Settlements,o etc-.—(k)~s i t I recorded that— ; "Several barrows and duns are to be found on the hills: and near Small Isles Harbour there —Ur are the remains of an ancient „..„,,. _ , camp, wit ha tripl - e de lin f eo Fig . Standin4 . g Sfcone, "Carrag hGhlinne,a " fence 5 Jura, from south-west. Unfortunately thesf o , e " several"I have only located two so far, though it is quite reasonable to suppose that others exist unmarked. The latter part of the above quotation I presum s deriveei d from Anderson's account, later paraphrased as— "the remain n encampmenta f o s , consistin f threo g e oval embanked hollows, defended on one side by deep ditches, and on the other by . • regular bastions."6 whice onle possibly se Th yn hma sitca eyI have filled this description seaware th hile crese o th it l sth f f Ardfernal do o t , though «o irregular is the surface I am unable to corroborate the details given. More noteworthy, though again so seriously mutilated, presumably by the removal of stones to build the crofts below, is the site marked ... 1 Martin, op. cit., p. 239. 2 Ibid., p. 237. Origines Parochiales (Bannatyn 9 Scotiae,27 . p . ii e Club, 1854). * Ibid., . 276p . 35 Ordnance Gazetteer Scotland, art. Jura. • - "6• Origines Parochiales Scotiae, . 279p . STANDING STONE OTHED AN S R ANTIQUITIES IN, JURA1 15 . An Aros, in Glengarrisdale, North Jura. Topographically the situation s excellenti a hillock, , precipitou e westth n , o snorth d eastan , , com- mandin e landing-placgth approace th d an e h alon glee gth n froe mth east. Examination of the surface gives faint indications of two small enclosures of irregular shape perhaps about 30 feet across, but no details could be picked out with certainty in September 1931..1 (I) Topographically one could hardly escape the situation of the hillock above Dunan, even were the name to suggest nothing A settlement existed here, below the hill, until a few years ago, and it is reasonable to suppose that the undoubted earthworks on the hill above represent a defensive settlement." Only excavation can solve such problems. However s perhapi t i , s pertinen drao t t w attentioe th o nt site, commandin t i doe s a a gwell-markes d presumablyan d : ancient drift way, which appears to have led from Craighouse-to the. seaward of Crackaig Hill, past Sannaig (Crakage and Sannok in 1545^,), below Dunanpaso s td Stronan , e (Strown 1545n i e ) towards Brosdale: the

present Feolin-Craighpus3 e road appearing^-t y eye m t oleasa s s oa ft very modern construction. . ; (m) Finally, a last supposition, the " Crannog" may be entirely acei-1 dental or a natural phenomenon. It is so strikingly like a crannog, however, tha f i subsequent t information should prove o bt ite of natural origin, its illustration may at least serve as a warning: to future enthusiasts s situatei t I . d neae southerth r n a edgsmal f o e l loch marke e one-incth n do h Ordnance Map t therbu , e nameless, above the distillery at Craighouse. When inspected in August 1931, the level of the water in the loch, which when the distillery was in use might be controlled, was exceedingly low owing to the dry weather. Rarely, I understand, has the island been so dry. The structure is roughly oval in shape, measuring 27 feet along a north-south diameter, and 20 feet from east to west. Its base, then visible, consisted of a depth of 3 feet of peaty material, surmounted by a layer of vegetation and fresh peat abou foo1 t t thick. Eighteen inches fro e basmth e the ends of small tree trunks lying approximately horizontally were projecting slightly. • Excavation of course is required to establish the, authenticit e structureth f yo .

1 Unde stonra e "preserveds neai y rb "humaa n skul sundrd an l y bones, repute those b o det of raiders from Colonsay. A report on these relics has been made, so I was informed, but where published I cannot trace. If they are of any value a safer resting-place might be found for them, thoug hs well a the e yar treated e conditionth s a , s permitr McKechniM y b , liveo wh es at Glengarrisda1 e. *- Origines - Parochiales Scotiae, . Ibid.* 279p .