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Hibiscus Cannabinus L.): a Promising Fiber and Fuel Crop for Iowa Marie Bourguignon Iowa State University

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Hibiscus Cannabinus L.): a Promising Fiber and Fuel Crop for Iowa Marie Bourguignon Iowa State University Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Graduate Theses and Dissertations Dissertations 2016 Growth, productivity, and utilization of kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.): A promising fiber and fuel crop for Iowa Marie Bourguignon Iowa State University Follow this and additional works at: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/etd Part of the Agricultural Science Commons, Agriculture Commons, and the Agronomy and Crop Sciences Commons Recommended Citation Bourguignon, Marie, "Growth, productivity, and utilization of kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.): A promising fiber and fuel crop for Iowa" (2016). Graduate Theses and Dissertations. 15883. https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/etd/15883 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Dissertations at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Growth, productivity, and utilization of kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.): A promising fiber and fuel crop for Iowa by Marie Bourguignon A dissertation submitted to the graduate faculty in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Co-Majors: Crop Production and Physiology and Biorenewable Resources and Technology Program of Study Committee: Kenneth Moore, Major Professor Andrew Lenssen Sotirios Archontoulis Robert Brown Douglas Stokke Iowa State University Ames, Iowa 2016 Copyright © Marie Bourguignon, 2016. All rights reserved. ii DEDICATION I dedicate this dissertation to my parents Danielle and Jean-Michel, my grand- father Robert, and my great-uncle Jacques, without whom none of this achievement would have been possible. Thank you for believing in me and supporting me in every situation. I hope I deserve your time and efforts spent on this adventure. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS Page LIST OF FIGURES .................................................................................................... vi LIST OF TABLES ..................................................................................................... x ACKNOWLEDGMENTS .......................................................................................... xii ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................... xiv CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................... 1 General Introduction ............................................................................................. 1 Objectives…. ....................................................................................................... 28 Dissertation Organization …. .............................................................................. 29 References…. ....................................................................................................... 32 CHAPTER 2 VARIETY TRIAL AND PYROLYSIS POTENTIAL OF KENAF GROWN IN MIDWEST UNITED STATES ............................................................ 48 Abstract……. ....................................................................................................... 48 Introduction…....................................................................................................... 49 Material and Methods…....................................................................................... 52 Results…….. ........................................................................................................ 57 Discussion…... ..................................................................................................... 62 Conclusion… ........................................................................................................ 71 Acknowledgements ............................................................................................... 72 References… ........................................................................................................ 87 CHAPTER 3 KENAF PRODUCTIVITY AS AFFECTED BY MANAGEMENT PRACTICES IN IOWA ............................................................................................. 91 Abstract…… ........................................................................................................ 91 Introduction … ..................................................................................................... 93 Material and Methods........................................................................................... 96 Results and Discussion......................................................................................... 98 Conclusion.… ....................................................................................................... 110 Acknowledgements ............................................................................................... 111 References…. ....................................................................................................... 122 CHAPTER 4 BEST AGRICULTURAL PRACTICES FOR GROWING KENAF IN IOWA……… ........................................................................................................ 127 iv Abstract…… ........................................................................................................ 127 Introduction........................................................................................................... 129 Material and Methods........................................................................................... 134 Results and Discussion......................................................................................... 137 Conclusion.… ....................................................................................................... 153 Acknowledgements ............................................................................................... 154 References… ........................................................................................................ 167 CHAPTER 5 KENAF PRODUCTIVITY AND MORPHOLOGY, WHEN GROWN IN IOWA AND IN KENTUCKY .............................................................. 173 Abstract…… ........................................................................................................ 173 Introduction........................................................................................................... 175 Material and Methods........................................................................................... 178 Results and Discussion......................................................................................... 183 Conclusion.… ....................................................................................................... 197 Acknowledgements ............................................................................................... 198 References… ........................................................................................................ 213 CHAPTER 6 A MODEL FOR EVALUATING PRODUCTION AND ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE OF KENAF IN ROTATION WITH OTHER CROPS ............................................................................................. 217 Abstract…… ........................................................................................................ 217 Introduction........................................................................................................... 219 Material and Methods........................................................................................... 221 Results…….. ........................................................................................................ 227 Discussion….. ...................................................................................................... 230 Conclusion.… ....................................................................................................... 236 References… ........................................................................................................ 247 CHAPTER 7 GENERAL CONCLUSIONS .......................................................... 253 APPENDIX A RESULTS OF STATISTICAL ANALYSIS PERFORMED ON PYROLYSIS PRODUCTS FROM THE 5 VARIETIES OF KENAF GROWN AT BOONE, IA IN 2004 AND 2005 AND SEPARATED INTO BAST AND CORE .. 258 APPENDIX B MONTHLY CUMULATIVE PRECIPITATION AND AVERAGE AIR TEMPERATURE IN 2014 AND 2015, IN BOONE COUNTY, IOWA........... 259 APPENDIX C SOIL ANALYSES BEFORE AND AFTER GROWING KENAF IN BOTH 2014 AND 2015…………. ....................................................................... 260 APPENDIX D RESULTS OF THE ANOVA WITH REPEATED MEASURES PERFORMED ON STEM HEIGHT, BASAL DIAMETER, AND LEAF AREA INDEX………............................................................................................................ 261 v APPENDIX E CORRELATION COEFFICIENTS OF VARIABLES MEASURED ON KENAF, WHEN GROWN IN 2014 AND 2015................................................. 262 APPENDIX F MANAGEMENT INFORMATION USED FOR THE VALIDATION STUDY ............................................................................................. 263 APPENDIX G MODIFICATIONS MADE TO THE ORIGINAL MODEL (PIGEONPEA) TO CREATE THE KENAF MODEL IN APSIM............................ 264 APPENDIX H INITIAL CONDITIONS FOR SOIL WATER AND CROPS USED IN THE MODEL TO ADDRESS THE EFFECTS OF KENAF INCLUSION IN CORN AND SOYBEAN SYSTEMS IN IOWA ......................................................
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