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Behavior of Dams Due to the Western Tottori Prefecture Earthquake in 2000

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Behavior of Dams Due to the Western Tottori Prefecture Earthquake in 2000 Behavior of Dams due to The Western Tottori Prefecture Earthquake in 2000 By Shuji TAKASU1), Hitoshi YOSHIDA2), Yoshikazu YAMAGUCHI3), Takashi SASAKI4) and Tomoya IWASHITA5) ABSTRACT 2. SPECIFICATIONS OF EARTHQUAKE The Western Tottori Prefecture Earthquake The specifications of the earthquake of October 6, 2000 caused strong earthquake published by the Japan Meteorological motion over a wide area. Immediately after Agency are summarized in Table 1 the earthquake, dam management personnel carried out special safety inspections of dam This earthquake caused strong shaking in facilities in the region. Research engineers of the Chugoku, Kinki, and Shikoku regions in the Public Works Research Institute Japan. It recorded a seismic intensity of 6 performed field investigation of dams near (strong) in Sakaiminato City and Hino Town the epicenter and gathered the earthquake in Tottori Prefecture, 6 (weak) in Saihaku observation data of these dams. The results Town, Aimi Town, Kishimoto Town, Yodoe of the special safety inspections by the dam Town, Mizokuchi Town, and Hiezu Village in site offices and field investigation by the Tottori Prefecture, and 5 (strong) in Yonago PWRI have confirmed that no damage City in Tottori Prefecture, in Yasugi City, harming dam safety occurred. Nita Town, and Shinji Town in Shimane Prefecture, in Niimi City and Tetta Town in KEY WORDS: Western Tottori Prefecture Okayama Prefecture, and in Tonosho Town Earthquake, Dam, Special in Kagawa Prefecture. Safety Inspection, Acceleration Records 1) Leader, Hydraulic Engineering Research Group, 1. INTRODUCTION Independent Administrative Institution Public Works Research Institute (IAI-PWRI), 1-6 Minamihara Tsukuba Immediately after the Western Tottori City, 305-8516, JAPAN 2) Head, Water Management and Dam Division, River Prefecture Earthquake in 2000, dam Department, National Institute for Land and management personnel carried out special Infrastructure Management (NILIM), Ministry of Land, safety inspections of dam facilities in the Infrastructure and Transport, 1 Asahi, Tsukuba City, region shaken strongly. Research Engineers 305-0804, JAPAN 3) Principal Researcher, Hydraulic Engineering Research of the PWRI performed field investigation of Group, IAI-PWRI dams near the epicenter and gathered the 4) Senior Researcher, Hydraulic Engineering Research earthquake observation data of these dams. Group, IAI-PWRI This report summarizes the performance of 5) Senior Researcher, Water Management and Dam Division, River Department, NILIM the dams during the earthquake. 1 3. SPECIAL SAFETY INSPECTIONSINSPECTIONS OF of the guard gate house DAMS AFTER EARTHQUAKEARTHQUAKEE - Sliding of the mountain-side slope of the road on the right bank Immediately after the earthquake, the site - Settlement of pavement around the dam offices of the dams performed special safety management office building inspections within the river reaches administered under the River Act. The 2) Damages to the Sugesawa Dam inspections were conducted at dams which - Cracking of the walls and the floor of the recorded an acceleration of 25 gal or greater guard gate house by seismometers and dams where the - Chipped concrete on the downstream nearest station of the Japan Meteorological surface of the dam body (length of about Agency recorded a seismic intensity of 4 or 1 m and width of about 0.3 m) greater. The special safety inspection - Partial rupture of the foundation work of included a primary inspection that was a the mooring facility visual inspection immediately after the - V-shaped crack on the ground around the earthquake and a secondary inspection that garage on the right bank downstream was a detailed visual inspection accompanied from the dam (length of about 100 m) by analyzing the data measured by - Cracking of the wall of the garage shed instruments. on the right bank downstream from the dam A total of 180 dams were included in the - V-shaped cracking on the left bank slope special safety inspections: 119 dams in the upstream from the dam region of the Chugoku Regional Construction - Cracking of the surface of the wall of the Bureau, 31 dams in the region of the dam management office building on the Shikoku Regional Construction Bureau, and right bank 30 dams in the region of the Kinki Regional Construction Bureau. The special safety 4. FIELD INVESTIGATION inspections by dam site offices did not result in any reports of damage that could threaten (1) Dams the safety of a dam. But the slight damages We, research engineers of the PWRI, were reported from the Kasho Dam managed performed a field investigation of dams near by Tottori Prefecture (a concrete gravity dam the epicenter. The followings are a summary with a height of 46.4 m, completed in 1989) of the results of the investigation. and the Sugesawa Dam managed by the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and At the Kasho Dam (Photograph 1), the Transport (main dam: a concrete gravity dam earthquake caused peak accelerations at the with a height of 73.5 m, saddle dam: concrete lower inspection gallery of 529 gal face rockfill dam with a height of 17.0 m, (north/south direction), 531 gal (east/west completed in 1968). Figure 1 shows the direction), and 485 gal (vertical direction). At locations of the epicenter and the two dams. the elevator tower at the crest elevation (Photograph 2), the peak accelerations were 1) Damages to the Kasho Dam 2,051 gal (north/south direction), 1,406 gal - Cracking of the walls and the foundation (east/west direction), and 884 gal (vertical 2 direction). The stream direction is 20 degrees has been monitoring the situation and east from north. At this dam, the wall counter-measures will be conducted by the (Photograph 3) and the foundation of the end of this year. guard gate house that was a cantilever structure projecting upstream from the dam The Uh Dam (Photograph 9) is a regulating crest were cracked. But the drainage from reservoir for the Ohmiya Dam that is for the foundation, dam body leakage, and power generation and owned by the Chugoku displacement of the dam body had stabilized Electric Power Co. and located upstream so that there were no problems threatening from the Sugesawa Dam. This dam is a the dam’s safety. The water level in the concrete gravity dam with a height of 14 m reservoir dropped abruptly by 6 cm and a crest length of 34 m. Figure 2 shows its immediately after the earthquake. The standard cross section. It is located about 1 level measurement, conducted at a later time, kilometer from the fault estimated by the revealed that the upper end of the reservoir Geographical Survey Institute, Japan1) subsided about 20 cm as compared with the (hereafter called the “earthquake source dam by the quake. It would be a possible fault”). During the earthquake, its reservoir reason for the dropping of water level of the water level was about 2 m below the full reservoir. water level. The Hino Observation Station of the Digital Strong-Motion Seismograph The repairing works are planned to come Network (KiK-net) 2) owned by the National into force shortly by Tottori Prefecture. Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Prevention is located 20 m from the At the Sugesawa Dam (Photograph 4), in the Uh Dam. At this location, seismographs lower inspection gallery of the dam, the peak installed at the surface (S wave velocity of accelerations were 158 gal 210 m/s) and the underground (100 m below (downstream/upstream direction), 126 gal the surface, S-wave velocity of 790 m/s) (right bank/left bank direction), and 109 gal recorded earthquake motion with a peak (vertical direction). On the walls and the accelerations (combination of 3 constituents) floor of the guard gate house that is a of 1,135 gal and 607 gal respectively. cantilever structure projecting upstream Although the dam was subjected to this from the dam crest (Photograph 5), there strong earthquake motion, the only damage were cracks that appeared to be extensions of to the dam was cracking with a width of 1 to the transversal joints of the dam 2 cm on the spillway channel near the foot of (Photograph 6), and concrete on the dam’s the downstream slope (Photographs 10). The downstream surface was partially chipped embankment along the lakeside had slips (Photograph 7), but the no trouble of dam caused small cracks. In addition, because of body was observed. Although the drainage damage to the water supply facilities for from the foundation increased slightly power generation, after the earthquake, the immediately after the earthquake, it later water supply from the Ohmiya Dam to the stabilized. Near the dam and in the natural Uh Dam was shut off and discharged into the ground surrounding the reservoir, ground reservoir of the Sugesawa Dam. deformation caused cracking (Photograph 8). The Chugoku Regional Construction Bureau 3 (2) Small earth dams for irrigation Figure 4 shows the attenuation by distance It was reported that this earthquake from the earthquake source fault of the peak damaged about 40 small earth dams for horizontal acceleration measured at dam irrigation in Tottori Prefecture. Thirty-six of foundations (at the lower inspection gallery these small earth dams were in Saihaku in a concrete dam or at the inspection gallery Town, Hino Town and Mizokuchi Town that beneath an embankment dam). Where, the are close to the epicenter. Main damage of peak horizontal acceleration indicates about half of them was damage to inclined composing the two horizontal components. sluiceways, bottom sluiceways and spillways. The figure also shows the composite of peak horizontal accelerations recorded under the We performed a field investigation of 18 ground at a depth of 100 m at the Hino small earth dams that were assumed to have Observation Station and Hakuta suffered relatively serious damage or were Observation Station of the KiK-net2).
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