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Reports and Proceedings a Careful Examination of the Original Specimens of E H. Woodward's Report on Fossil Crustacea. 563 BEPOBTS BRITISH ASSOCIATION, SECTION C, GEOLOGY. SIXTH EEPOBT OF THE COMMITTEE APPOINTED FOB THE PURPOSE OP CONTINUING BESEABCHES IN FoSSIL CfiUSTACEA CONSISTING OF PBOF. P. MABTIN DUNCAN, F.B.S.; HENBT 'WOODWARD, F.G.S.; AND BOBEBT ETHEBIDGE, F.B.S. Drawn up by HENKT •WOODWARD, F.G.S., etc. INCE I had the pleasure to present my last Eeport, at Edinburgh, S I am glad to be able to state that two entire parts (Parts III. and IV.) of my Monograph on the MEROSTOMATA have been printed; and form part of the volumes of the Palaeontographical Society's annual fasciculus for 1871 and 1872 respectively. Part III. completes the genua Pterygotus, and contains descriptions and figures of Peterygotus ranicept, Upper Silurian, Lanark. taurinus. Upper Silurian, Herefordshire. ludemis. Old Red Sandstone, Kington, Herefordshire. Banksii. Upper Ludlow, Ludlow. stylops. Upper Silurian, Kington, Herefordshire. arcuatus. Lower Ludlow, Leintwardine. gigas. Downton Sandstone, Hereford. problematicus. Upper Ludlow, Ludlow. Slimonia acuminata. Upper Silurian, Lesmahagow. Part IV. completes the sub-order EURYPTERIDA, and contains descriptions and figures of the following genera and species :— Stylonurus Powriei. Old Red Sandstone, Forfar. megalops. ,, Ludlow. • Symondsii. ,, Rowlestone, Herefordshire. tnsiformis. „ Forfar. Scoticus. ,, „ Zogatii. Upper Silurian, Lanark. Eurypterm Scouleri. Carboniferous Limestone, Kirkton, Bathgate. lanceolatus. Upper Silurian, Lanark. pygmceus. Upper Ludlow, -Kington. acuminatus, „ Lttdlow. Iwearis. ,, „ abbreviates. Downton Sandstone, Kington. Sibernicus. Old Red Sandstone, Ireland. Brewsteri. „ Arbroath. scorpioides. Upper Silurian, Lanark. punctatus. Ludlow Rock, near Ludlow. obesus. Upper Silurian, Lanarkshire. - Brodiei. ,, Herefordshire. Semiaspis limuloides. Upper Ludlow, near Ludlow. speralus. Lower Ludlow, „ horridus. Wenlock Limestone, Dudley. Salweyi. Upper Ludlow, Ludlow. Two doubtfal species of Eurypterus, namely, E. mammatus, from the Coal-measures near Manchester, and E. ferox, Coal-measures, Coalbrookdale, and Staffordshire Coal-field, have been examined critically ;• and with regard to E. mammatus, I have also had the great advantage of the assistance, and rare palaeobotanical knowledge, of my colleague, Mr. W. Carruthers, F.B.S. 564 Reports and Proceedings A careful examination of the original specimens of E. mammatus has enabled me to show that four out of the six specimens known and referred by the late Mr. Salter to the genus Eurypterus are plant-remains referable to the genus Ulodendron, or to fragments of a large Equisetaceous plant, and that the two remaining parts appear to belong to Jordan and von Meyer's genus Arfhropleura, a non- descript Crustacean (or, more probably, a gigantic Arachnide), only known at present by a series of obscure fragments from Saarbruck, from Manchester, and from Camerton Colliery, near Bristol. The ornamentation as well as the form of these pieces are totally unlike any known Eurypterus. Of Eurypterus ferox I am now able to state that it is not an Eurypterid, but is referable to Messrs. Meek and Worthen's American genus Enphoberia, and that it is a gigantic MYBIAPOD, much larger than our largest tropical living species of Julus or Centipede. This is the second species of Myriapod occurring in the Coal-field of Illinois, U.S., which has since also been obtained in England. Of the MerostOmata only the sub-order Xiphosura remains to be monographed, a task which I hope to complete during the present year. At the beginning of this year I was requested by Kobt. Etheridge, Jun., Esq., F.G.S. (of the Geological Survey of Scotland), to ex- amine some specimens of Ceratiocaris from Lesmahagow, Lanark- shire. Among them was one to which he specially drew my attention, as it presented the novel appearance of appendages on the under side of the caudal series of segments. These consist of gill-like plates, depending freely from each segment. They are no doubt analogous to those seen in Nebalia, which are supplementary abdominal gill-feet. The discovery of these organs by Mr. Etheridge, which occur also in several other specimens, does not in any way alter the position of Ceratiocaris, but renders our knowledge of it more complete. Since Mr. Salter's paper " On Peltocaris, a new genus of Silurian Crustacea," was published in 1863 (Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc, vol. xix., p. 87), I announced a second genus Biscinocaris, in 1866 (see Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc, vol. xxii., p. 503), also from the Llandeilo flags of Dumfriesshire. Mr. Charles Lapworth, Mr. J. Wilson, Mr. Eobert Michie, and others, have added several fine examples of this type of Phyllopodous Crustacea. The largest of these is a portion of a carapace from Dobb's Linn, Moffat, Dumfriesshire, and appears to agree best with Discinocaris; but instead of being a carapace the size of a threepenny piece, like Discinocaris Browniana, described by me in 1866, this specimen, with its characteristic markings, gives evidence of an individual 7 inches in diameter. Another specimen of this same gigantic phyllopod was obtained from Moffat by Eobert Etheridge, Jun., Esq., F.G.S., of the Geological Survey of Scotland. Au entire carapace (of which three examples have been obtained), from the Riccarton Beds, Yads Lynn, near Hawick, makes us ac- quainted with a new genus,, for which the name Aptychopsis is proposed. S. Woodward's Report on Fossil Crustacea. 565 It measures 1^ inches in length and If of an inch across the carapace. The nuchal suture is straight (not semicircular, as in Peltocaris), and it has a well-marked dorsal suture, which again separates it from Discinocaris, in which the dorsal suture is absent. I name this species Aptyehopsis Wilsoni, after its discoverer. Another and more oval-formed but equally perfect carapace of a smaller species, from the Moffat Anthracitic Shales, measuring 8 lines long by 7 lines broad (having the triangular cephalic plate in situ), I have named Aptichopsis Lapworihi, after Mr. Lap worth, who has devoted so many years to the investigation of the geology of Galashiels and the surrounding district. A third species, very distinct from the foregoing two, obtained from the Buckholm Beds (which is finely striated concentrically, and is 7 lines in diameter), I have named Aptychopsis glabra. There are several other examples from this rich locality, includ- ing specimens of Peltocaris aptychoides, species of Dithyrocaris, Ceratiocaris and portions of the scale-marked integument of Pterygotus. I have lately received from Mr. Thomas Birtwell, of Padiham, Lancashire, two specimens of a new Limuloid crustacean, in which all the thoracico-abdominal segments are welded together into one piece, as in the modern Idmulus, but without any trace of seg- mentation along the margin. The head-shield is also smooth, the compound eyes are small, but the larval ocelli are very distinctly seen, and are almost as large as in the modern king-crabs. The specimen is only 8 lines wide and 8 long, it is remarkably convex in proportion to its size. I have named it after its discoverer Prestwichia Birtwelli. (See GEOL. MAS., 1872, Vol. IX., p. 440, PI. X., Figs. 9, 10.) Another new Limuloid crustacean, specimens of which have been obtained from the Dudley Coalfield, and also from Coalbrookdale, has the five thoracic segments free and movable (as in Bellinurus bellulus of K&nig), but the pleurae are bluntly acuminate, not finely pointed, as in B. bellulus, and the head-shield is not armed with long and pointed cheek-spines, as in that species. I propose to name it Bellinurus Konigianus, after the distinguished author of the " Icones Fossilium Sectiles," formerly Keeper of the Mineral and Fossil Collections in the British Museum. (See GEOI» MAG., 1872, Vol. IX., p. 439, PI. X., Fig. &.) Of foreign Palasozoic Crustacea, a remarkable' new Trilotate (ob- tained by Dr. W. G. Atherstone, of Graham's Town, Cape Colony), from the Cock's Comb Mountains, South Africa, deserves to be noticed here. It is a new and elegant species of Encrinurus (measuring three inches in length), preserved in the centre of a hard concretionary nodule, which has split open, revealing the Trilobite itself in one piece and a profile of it on the other. The profile shows that each of the eleven free body-segments was armed with a prominent dorsal spine nearly half an inch in length, whilst the pygidium was similarly terminated by an even longer spine. 566 Reports and Proceedings— slightly recurved at its extremity, and all of the spines annulated, as if composed of a large number of joints. Encrinuri with two (and in one case even with three) dorsal spines have been obtained in considerable numbers, both at Dudley and Malvern, and may be seen in Dr. Grindrod's collection, and in the British Museum and many other places; but a Trilobite with such an array of long dorsal spines as is presented by this African species is very remarkable, and for an Encrinurus quite unique. I have named it after its locality E. crista-galli, which is doubly appropriate. (See Proceedings Geol. Soc. Lond., Nov. 20, 1872.) Among the specimens sent me up by Mr. Birtwell from Lancashire, from the Ironstone of the Coal-measures (so rich in organic remains), was one not referable to the Crustacea. On examination it proves to be a new and very remarkable Arachnide, referable to the same genus as one described by Mr. Samuel Scudder, of Boston, U.S., from the Illinois Coal-field, under the name of Architarbus (see Meek and Worthen's Eeport on the Geology and Palaeontology of Illinois). I have named it Architarbus sub-ovalis. (See GEOL. MAG., 1872, Vol. IX., p. 385, PI. IX.) This is the second British Arachnide I have lately obtained from the Ironstone of the Coal-measures. Tertiary Crustacea.— Some time since I described two new forms of Crabs • from the Lower Eocene, Portsmouth, discovered by Messrs. Meyer and Evans in the excavations for the New Docks there.
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