DOCSLIB.ORG

The Experimental Determination of the Moment of Inertia of a Model Airplane Michael Koken [email protected]

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Experimental Determination of the Moment of Inertia of a Model Airplane Michael Koken Mak167@Zips.Uakron.Edu The University of Akron IdeaExchange@UAkron The Dr. Gary B. and Pamela S. Williams Honors Honors Research Projects College Fall 2017 The Experimental Determination of the Moment of Inertia of a Model Airplane Michael Koken [email protected] Please take a moment to share how this work helps you through this survey. Your feedback will be important as we plan further development of our repository. Follow this and additional works at: http://ideaexchange.uakron.edu/honors_research_projects Part of the Aerospace Engineering Commons, Aviation Commons, Civil and Environmental Engineering Commons, Mechanical Engineering Commons, and the Physics Commons Recommended Citation Koken, Michael, "The Experimental Determination of the Moment of Inertia of a Model Airplane" (2017). Honors Research Projects. 585. http://ideaexchange.uakron.edu/honors_research_projects/585 This Honors Research Project is brought to you for free and open access by The Dr. Gary B. and Pamela S. Williams Honors College at IdeaExchange@UAkron, the institutional repository of The nivU ersity of Akron in Akron, Ohio, USA. It has been accepted for inclusion in Honors Research Projects by an authorized administrator of IdeaExchange@UAkron. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. 2017 THE EXPERIMENTAL DETERMINATION OF A MODEL AIRPLANE KOKEN, MICHAEL THE UNIVERSITY OF AKRON Honors Project TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Tables ................................................................................................................................................. 2 List of Figures ................................................................................................................................................ 3 Chapter 1: Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 4 1.1 Defining the Moment of Inertia .................................................................................................... 4 1.2 The Importance of an Airplane’s Moment of Inertia .................................................................... 4 1.3 Analytically Determining an Object’s Moment of inertia ............................................................. 4 1.4 Experimentally Determining an Objects Moment of Inertia ........................................................ 4 1.5 Project description ........................................................................................................................ 5 Chapter 2: Equipment ............................................................................................................................. 6 Chapter 3: Procedure .............................................................................................................................. 7 Chapter 4: Determination of the Moment of Inertia of a Solid Wooden Block ..................................... 8 4.1 Analytical Determination .............................................................................................................. 8 4.2 Experimental Determination ........................................................................................................ 8 Chapter 5: Determination of the Moment of Inertia of a Model Airplane ............................................. 9 5.1 Yaw, Roll, and Pitch Axes .............................................................................................................. 9 5.2 Experimental Determination ........................................................................................................ 9 Chapter 6: Discussion of Results ........................................................................................................... 10 6.1 Wooden Block Experiment ......................................................................................................... 10 6.2 Model Airplane Experiment ........................................................................................................ 10 Chapter 7: Conclusion ........................................................................................................................... 11 Appendix A: Test Data and Figures from the Wooden Block Experiment .................................................. 12 Appendix B: Test Data and Figures from the Airplane Experiment ............................................................ 13 References .................................................................................................................................................. 15 1 LIST OF TABLES Table 1: Physical properties of wooden block .............................................................................................. 8 Table 2: Measurements of pendulum configuration per axis....................................................................... 8 Table 3: Experimental vs. known measurements of gravity ......................................................................... 8 Table 4: Experimental vs. analytical measurements of the block's moments of inertia .............................. 8 Table 5: Measurements of pendulum configuration for the airplane per axis: ........................................... 9 Table 6:Experimental vs. known measurements of gravity .......................................................................... 9 Table 7: Experimental vs. analytical measurements of the airplane's moments of inertia ......................... 9 Table 8: Time for the block to complete 10 oscillations in a pendulum motion to confirm gravity for each axis .............................................................................................................................................................. 12 Table 9: Time for the block to complete 10 oscillations rotating about said axis to determine the moment of inertia ...................................................................................................................................................... 12 Table 10: Time for the block to complete 10 oscillations in a pendulum motion to confirm gravity for each axis ...................................................................................................................................................... 14 Table 11: Time for the block to complete 10 oscillations rotating about said axis to determine the moment of inertia ....................................................................................................................................... 14 2 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1: Pendulum configuration ................................................................................................................ 4 Figure 2: Wooden block used for the experiment ........................................................................................ 5 Figure 3: Model airplane used for the experiment ....................................................................................... 5 Figure 4: Pendulum configuration ................................................................................................................ 7 Figure 5: Swinging motion of the pendulum ................................................................................................ 7 Figure 6: Rotation about the object's vertical axis ....................................................................................... 7 Figure 7: Axes and variables used for block .................................................................................................. 8 Figure 8: Setup to determine the moment of inertia about the y-axis of the wooden block ...................... 8 Figure 9: Pendulum configuration ................................................................................................................ 9 Figure 10: Configuration to determine the moment of inertia about the x-axis ........................................ 12 Figure 11: Configuration to determine the moment of inertia about the y-axis ........................................ 12 Figure 12: Configuration to determine the moment of inertia about the z-axis ........................................ 12 Figure 13: Configuration to determine the moment of inertia about the yaw axis ................................... 13 Figure 14:Configuration to determine the moment of inertia about the roll axis ..................................... 13 Figure 15: Configuration to determine the moment of inertia about the pitch axis .................................. 13 Figure 16: Overall configuration to determine the moment of inertia about the yaw axis ....................... 13 3 CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1.1 Defining the Moment of Inertia The moment of inertia is a quantity that expresses a body’s tendency to resist angular acceleration from torque about a specified axis. It is the sum of the mass of each particle in the body with the square of its distance from the axis of rotation. 1.2 The Importance of an Airplane’s Moment of Inertia In flight, the control surfaces of an aircraft produce aerodynamic forces. These forces are applied at the center of pressure of the control surfaces which are some distance from the aircraft center of gravity and produce torques (or moments) about the principal axes. The torques cause the aircraft to rotate. The ability to vary the amount of the force and the moment allows the pilot to maneuver or to trim the aircraft. 1.3 Analytically Determining an Object’s Moment of inertia The moment of inertia of any object having a shape
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Explain Inertial and Noninertial Frame of Reference
    Explain Inertial And Noninertial Frame Of Reference Nathanial crows unsmilingly. Grooved Sibyl harlequin, his meadow-brown add-on deletes mutely. Nacred or deputy, Sterne never soot any degeneration! In inertial frames of the air, hastening their fundamental forces on two forces must be frame and share information section i am throwing the car, there is not a severe bottleneck in What city the greatest value in flesh-seconds for this deviation. The definition of key facet having a small, polished surface have a force gem about a pretend or aspect of something. Fictitious Forces and Non-inertial Frames The Coriolis Force. Indeed, for death two particles moving anyhow, a coordinate system may be found among which saturated their trajectories are rectilinear. Inertial reference frame of inertial frames of angular momentum and explain why? This is illustrated below. Use tow of reference in as sentence Sentences YourDictionary. What working the difference between inertial frame and non inertial fr. Frames of Reference Isaac Physics. In forward though some time and explain inertial and noninertial of frame to prove your measurement problem you. This circumstance undermines a defining characteristic of inertial frames: that with respect to shame given inertial frame, the other inertial frame home in uniform rectilinear motion. The redirect does not rub at any valid page. That according to whether the thaw is inertial or non-inertial In the. This follows from what Einstein formulated as his equivalence principlewhich, in an, is inspired by the consequences of fire fall. Frame of reference synonyms Best 16 synonyms for was of. How read you govern a bleed of reference? Name we will balance in noninertial frame at its axis from another hamiltonian with each printed as explained at all.
    [Show full text]
  • Rotational Motion (The Dynamics of a Rigid Body)
    University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Robert Katz Publications Research Papers in Physics and Astronomy 1-1958 Physics, Chapter 11: Rotational Motion (The Dynamics of a Rigid Body) Henry Semat City College of New York Robert Katz University of Nebraska-Lincoln, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/physicskatz Part of the Physics Commons Semat, Henry and Katz, Robert, "Physics, Chapter 11: Rotational Motion (The Dynamics of a Rigid Body)" (1958). Robert Katz Publications. 141. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/physicskatz/141 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Research Papers in Physics and Astronomy at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Robert Katz Publications by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. 11 Rotational Motion (The Dynamics of a Rigid Body) 11-1 Motion about a Fixed Axis The motion of the flywheel of an engine and of a pulley on its axle are examples of an important type of motion of a rigid body, that of the motion of rotation about a fixed axis. Consider the motion of a uniform disk rotat­ ing about a fixed axis passing through its center of gravity C perpendicular to the face of the disk, as shown in Figure 11-1. The motion of this disk may be de­ scribed in terms of the motions of each of its individual particles, but a better way to describe the motion is in terms of the angle through which the disk rotates.
    [Show full text]
  • The Stress Tensor
    An Internet Book on Fluid Dynamics The Stress Tensor The general state of stress in any homogeneous continuum, whether fluid or solid, consists of a stress acting perpendicular to any plane and two orthogonal shear stresses acting tangential to that plane. Thus, Figure 1: Differential element indicating the nine stresses. as depicted in Figure 1, there will be a similar set of three stresses acting on each of the three perpendicular planes in a three-dimensional continuum for a total of nine stresses which are most conveniently denoted by the stress tensor, σij, defined as the stress in the j direction acting on a plane normal to the i direction. Equivalently we can think of σij as the 3 × 3 matrix ⎡ ⎤ σxx σxy σxz ⎣ ⎦ σyx σyy σyz (Bha1) σzx σzy σzz in which the diagonal terms, σxx, σyy and σzz, are the normal stresses which would be equal to −p in any fluid at rest (note the change in the sign convention in which tensile normal stresses are positive whereas a positive pressure is compressive). The off-digonal terms, σij with i = j, are all shear stresses which would, of course, be zero in a fluid at rest and are proportional to the viscosity in a fluid in motion. In fact, instead of nine independent stresses there are only six because, as we shall see, the stress tensor is symmetric, specifically σij = σji. In other words the shear stress acting in the i direction on a face perpendicular to the j direction is equal to the shear stress acting in the j direction on a face perpendicular to the i direction.
    [Show full text]
  • Pierre Simon Laplace - Biography Paper
    Pierre Simon Laplace - Biography Paper MATH 4010 Melissa R. Moore University of Colorado- Denver April 1, 2008 2 Many people contributed to the scientific fields of mathematics, physics, chemistry and astronomy. According to Gillispie (1997), Pierre Simon Laplace was the most influential scientist in all history, (p.vii). Laplace helped form the modern scientific disciplines. His techniques are used diligently by engineers, mathematicians and physicists. His diverse collection of work ranged in all fields but began in mathematics. Laplace was born in Normandy in 1749. His father, Pierre, was a syndic of a parish and his mother, Marie-Anne, was from a family of farmers. Many accounts refer to Laplace as a peasant. While it was not exactly known the profession of his Uncle Louis, priest, mathematician or teacher, speculations implied he was an educated man. In 1756, Laplace enrolled at the Beaumont-en-Auge, a secondary school run the Benedictine order. He studied there until the age of sixteen. The nest step of education led to either the army or the church. His father intended him for ecclesiastical vocation, according to Gillispie (1997 p.3). In 1766, Laplace went to the University of Caen to begin preparation for a career in the church, according to Katz (1998 p.609). Cristophe Gadbled and Pierre Le Canu taught Laplace mathematics, which in turn showed him his talents. In 1768, Laplace left for Paris to pursue mathematics further. Le Canu gave Laplace a letter of recommendation to d’Alembert, according to Gillispie (1997 p.3). Allegedly d’Alembert gave Laplace a problem which he solved immediately.
    [Show full text]
  • Magnetism, Angular Momentum, and Spin
    Chapter 19 Magnetism, Angular Momentum, and Spin P. J. Grandinetti Chem. 4300 P. J. Grandinetti Chapter 19: Magnetism, Angular Momentum, and Spin In 1820 Hans Christian Ørsted discovered that electric current produces a magnetic field that deflects compass needle from magnetic north, establishing first direct connection between fields of electricity and magnetism. P. J. Grandinetti Chapter 19: Magnetism, Angular Momentum, and Spin Biot-Savart Law Jean-Baptiste Biot and Félix Savart worked out that magnetic field, B⃗, produced at distance r away from section of wire of length dl carrying steady current I is 휇 I d⃗l × ⃗r dB⃗ = 0 Biot-Savart law 4휋 r3 Direction of magnetic field vector is given by “right-hand” rule: if you point thumb of your right hand along direction of current then your fingers will curl in direction of magnetic field. current P. J. Grandinetti Chapter 19: Magnetism, Angular Momentum, and Spin Microscopic Origins of Magnetism Shortly after Biot and Savart, Ampére suggested that magnetism in matter arises from a multitude of ring currents circulating at atomic and molecular scale. André-Marie Ampére 1775 - 1836 P. J. Grandinetti Chapter 19: Magnetism, Angular Momentum, and Spin Magnetic dipole moment from current loop Current flowing in flat loop of wire with area A will generate magnetic field magnetic which, at distance much larger than radius, r, appears identical to field dipole produced by point magnetic dipole with strength of radius 휇 = | ⃗휇| = I ⋅ A current Example What is magnetic dipole moment induced by e* in circular orbit of radius r with linear velocity v? * 휋 Solution: For e with linear velocity of v the time for one orbit is torbit = 2 r_v.
    [Show full text]
  • Sliding and Rolling: the Physics of a Rolling Ball J Hierrezuelo Secondary School I B Reyes Catdicos (Vdez- Mdaga),Spain and C Carnero University of Malaga, Spain
    Sliding and rolling: the physics of a rolling ball J Hierrezuelo Secondary School I B Reyes Catdicos (Vdez- Mdaga),Spain and C Carnero University of Malaga, Spain We present an approach that provides a simple and there is an extra difficulty: most students think that it adequate procedure for introducing the concept of is not possible for a body to roll without slipping rolling friction. In addition, we discuss some unless there is a frictional force involved. In fact, aspects related to rolling motion that are the when we ask students, 'why do rolling bodies come to source of students' misconceptions. Several rest?, in most cases the answer is, 'because the didactic suggestions are given. frictional force acting on the body provides a negative acceleration decreasing the speed of the Rolling motion plays an important role in many body'. In order to gain a good understanding of familiar situations and in a number of technical rolling motion, which is bound to be useful in further applications, so this kind of motion is the subject of advanced courses. these aspects should be properly considerable attention in most introductory darified. mechanics courses in science and engineering. The outline of this article is as follows. Firstly, we However, we often find that students make errors describe the motion of a rigid sphere on a rigid when they try to interpret certain situations related horizontal plane. In this section, we compare two to this motion. situations: (1) rolling and slipping, and (2) rolling It must be recognized that a correct analysis of rolling without slipping.
    [Show full text]
  • Work, Energy, Rolling, SJ 7Th Ed.: Chap 10.8 to 9, Chap 11.1
    A cylinder whose radius is 0.50 m and whose rotational inertia is 10.0 kgm^2 is rotating around a fixed horizontal axis through its center. A constant force of 10.0 N is applied at the rim and is always tangent to it. The work done by on the disk as it accelerates and rotates turns through four complete revolutions is ____ J. Physics 106 Week 4 Work, Energy, Rolling, SJ 7th Ed.: Chap 10.8 to 9, Chap 11.1 • Work and rotational kinetic energy • Rolling • Kinetic energy of rolling Today • Examples of Second Law applied to rolling 2 1 Goal for today Understanding rolling motion For motion with translation and rotation about center of mass ω Example: Rolling vcm KKKtotal=+ rot cm 1 2 1 2 KI= ω KMvcm= cm rot2 cm 2 UM= gh Emech=+KU tot gravity cm 2 A wheel rolling without slipping on a table • The green line above is the path of the mass center of a wheel. ω • The red curve shows the path (called a cycloid) swept out by a point on the rim of the wheel . • When there is no slipping, there are simple vcm relationships between the translational (mass center) and rotational motion. s = Rθ vcm = ωR acm = αR First point of view about rolling motion Rolling = pure rotation around CM + pure translation of CM a) Pure rotation b) Pure translation c) Rolling motion 3 Second point of view about rolling motion Rolling = pure rotation about contact point P • Complementary views – a snapshot in time • Contact point “P” is constantly changing vtang = 2ωPR vA = ωP 2Rcos(ϕ) A v = ω R φ cm P R ωP φ P vtang = 0 vRRcm==ω Pω cm ∴ωP = ωcm ∴α pcm= α Angular velocity and acceleration are the same about contact point “P” or about CM.
    [Show full text]
  • Mechanik Solution 9
    Mechanik HS 2018 Solution 9. Prof. Gino Isidori Exercise 1. Rolling cones In the following exercise we consider a circular cone of height h, density ρ, mass m and opening angle α. (a) Determine the inertia tensor in the representation of the axes of Fig.1. (b) Compute the kinetic energy of the cone rolling on a level plane. (c) Repeat the exercise, only this time the cone's tip is fixed to a point on the z axis such that its longitudinal axis is parallel with the plane. Figure 1: The cone with the reference frame for Exercise 1(a). Solution. (a) We start with the inertia around the z-axis. To this end, we have to compute: Z ZZZ 2 2 3 Iz = ρ (x + y )dV = ρ r dz dr dφ Z 2π Z R Z h π = ρ dφ r3dr dz = ρhR4 (S.1) 0 0 hr=R 10 3 = mh2 tan2 α : 10 where we used R = h tan α and m = πhR2ρ/3 in the last step. By the symmetry of the problem, the other two moments of inerta are identical to each other. So it suffices to compute: Z ZZZ 2 2 2 2 2 I1 = ρ (y + z )dV = ρ (r sin φ + z )r dz dr dφ Z 2π Z R Z h = ρ dφ rdr (r2 sin2 φ + z2)dz 0 0 hr=R (S.2) π = ρ hR2(R2 + 4h2) 20 3 = mh2 tan2 α + 4 : 20 1 Figure 2: The rolling cone in part a) of the problem.
    [Show full text]
  • Dynamics of a Rolling and Sliding Disk in a Plane. Asymptotic Solutions, Stability and Numerical Simulations
    ISSN 1560-3547, Regular and Chaotic Dynamics, 2016, Vol. 21, No. 2, pp. 204–231. c Pleiades Publishing, Ltd., 2016. Dynamics of a Rolling and Sliding Disk in a Plane. Asymptotic Solutions, Stability and Numerical Simulations Maria Przybylska1* and Stefan Rauch-Wojciechowski2** 1Institute of Physics, University of Zielona G´ora, Licealna 9, PL-65–417 Zielona G´ora, Poland 2Department of Mathematics, Link¨oping University, 581 83 Link¨oping, Sweden Received October 27, 2015; accepted February 15, 2016 Abstract—We present a qualitative analysis of the dynamics of a rolling and sliding disk in a horizontal plane. It is based on using three classes of asymptotic solutions: straight-line rolling, spinning about a vertical diameter and tumbling solutions. Their linear stability analysis is given and it is complemented with computer simulations of solutions starting in the vicinity of the asymptotic solutions. The results on asymptotic solutions and their linear stability apply also to an annulus and to a hoop. MSC2010 numbers: 37J60, 37J25, 70G45 DOI: 10.1134/S1560354716020052 Keywords: rigid body, nonholonomic mechanics, rolling disk, sliding disk 1. INTRODUCTION The problem of a disk rolling (without sliding) in a plane is integrable [1, 4, 9, 15]. It is described in the Euler angles by four dynamical equations and this system admits three additional integrals of motion. It can be in principle reduced to a single quadrature. The difficulty is, however, that only the energy integral is given explicitly, while two other integrals, of angular momentum type, are defined implicitly as constants of integrations for the Legendre equation for the dependence of ω3 on cos θ [22] and [9, §8].
    [Show full text]
  • Multidisciplinary Design Project Engineering Dictionary Version 0.0.2
    Multidisciplinary Design Project Engineering Dictionary Version 0.0.2 February 15, 2006 . DRAFT Cambridge-MIT Institute Multidisciplinary Design Project This Dictionary/Glossary of Engineering terms has been compiled to compliment the work developed as part of the Multi-disciplinary Design Project (MDP), which is a programme to develop teaching material and kits to aid the running of mechtronics projects in Universities and Schools. The project is being carried out with support from the Cambridge-MIT Institute undergraduate teaching programe. For more information about the project please visit the MDP website at http://www-mdp.eng.cam.ac.uk or contact Dr. Peter Long Prof. Alex Slocum Cambridge University Engineering Department Massachusetts Institute of Technology Trumpington Street, 77 Massachusetts Ave. Cambridge. Cambridge MA 02139-4307 CB2 1PZ. USA e-mail: [email protected] e-mail: [email protected] tel: +44 (0) 1223 332779 tel: +1 617 253 0012 For information about the CMI initiative please see Cambridge-MIT Institute website :- http://www.cambridge-mit.org CMI CMI, University of Cambridge Massachusetts Institute of Technology 10 Miller’s Yard, 77 Massachusetts Ave. Mill Lane, Cambridge MA 02139-4307 Cambridge. CB2 1RQ. USA tel: +44 (0) 1223 327207 tel. +1 617 253 7732 fax: +44 (0) 1223 765891 fax. +1 617 258 8539 . DRAFT 2 CMI-MDP Programme 1 Introduction This dictionary/glossary has not been developed as a definative work but as a useful reference book for engi- neering students to search when looking for the meaning of a word/phrase. It has been compiled from a number of existing glossaries together with a number of local additions.
    [Show full text]
  • Finite Element Model Calibration of an Instrumented Thirteen-Story Steel Moment Frame Building in South San Fernando Valley, California
    Finite Element Model Calibration of An Instrumented Thirteen-story Steel Moment Frame Building in South San Fernando Valley, California By Erol Kalkan Disclamer The finite element model incuding its executable file are provided by the copyright holder "as is" and any express or implied warranties, including, but not limited to, the implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose are disclaimed. In no event shall the copyright owner be liable for any direct, indirect, incidental, special, exemplary, or consequential damages (including, but not limited to, procurement of substitute goods or services; loss of use, data, or profits; or business interruption) however caused and on any theory of liability, whether in contract, strict liability, or tort (including negligence or otherwise) arising in any way out of the use of this software, even if advised of the possibility of such damage. Acknowledgments Ground motions were recorded at a station owned and maintained by the California Geological Survey (CGS). Data can be downloaded from CESMD Virtual Data Center at: http://www.strongmotioncenter.org/cgi-bin/CESMD/StaEvent.pl?stacode=CE24567. Contents Introduction ..................................................................................................................................................... 1 OpenSEES Model ........................................................................................................................................... 3 Calibration of OpenSEES Model to Observed Response
    [Show full text]
  • Summer Mass Schedule 2019 Layout 1 5/16/2019 4:18 PM Page 1
    Summer Mass Schedule 2019_Layout 1 5/16/2019 4:18 PM Page 1 MAY 23, 2014 S U M M E R M A S S S C H E D U L E CATHOLIC STAR HERALD — 9 Atlantic County: Our Lady of Sorrows, 5012 Dune Drive, Avalon Sat: 5 PM; Sun: 10 AM Wabash & Poplar Aves., Linwood Daily Mass: Mon-Fri 8:30AM (starting July Parish of St. John Neumann St. Elizabeth Ann Seton, Daily Mass: Mon-Fri 7:45 AM; Sat: 8 AM, 1), Sat: 8:30 AM; Sat: 5 PM; Sun: 7, 8:15, St. John of God Church, 591 New Jersey Ave., Absecon Tue: 6:30 PM Mass & devotion to St. 9:30, 11 AM, 12:15 PM, 5 PM; 680 Town Bank Rd., North Cape May Daily Mass: Mon-Fri: 6:45 AM; Sat: 5 PM; Anthony; Sat: 5 PM; Sun: 8 AM, 10 AM, Confessions: Following the Sat morning Daily Mass: Mon-Fri: 9 AM; Sat: 4 PM; Sun: 8 AM, 10 AM, 11:30 AM; 6:30 PM; Holy Days: 6:30 Vigil, 7:45 AM, daily Mass; & 3:45 – 4:30 PM Sat Sun: 10 AM; Holy Days: 9 AM & 7 PM on Confessions: Sat: 4 - 4:30 PM & 6 - 6:30 PM; 6:30 PM; Confessions: Sat: 3:45 PM; Sacred Heart Church, Holy Day; Confessions: Wed after 9 AM Holy Day Vigil: 7 PM; Holy Day: 6:45 AM Perpetual Adoration in church seven days 25th and First Street, Avalon Mass, Sat 2:30 – 3:30 PM; Adoration: & 9 AM a week, 24-hours a day.
    [Show full text]