Breast Cancer October 2013 Issue 35 F ACT s , MYTH s, Phytochemicals and CHOICEs Etymology: From phyto- +‎ chemical. Phyto comes from the Greek word phuton meaning plant, and chemical from the word alchemic, relating to things pertaining to the materials and processes.

The use of food stuffs as medicine is as old as the "hills" so to speak, as a part of conditioned aversions and self medication practiced by animals begining with the early branches of the mammalian tree as an adaptive and survival mechanism.

The health benefits and effects of food which are beneficial may not be immediately recognized like rot or RESEARCH PARTNERS spoil are, but recorded as early as 11 bc phytochemicals such as ginseng were recorded as having bioactive Phytochemicals...... 1 powers. A recognition of those phytochemicals which Ginseng...... 2 function pharmacologically with delayed effects on health are probably not as quickly perceived as those which COMMUNITY PARTNERS caused conditioned aversions or other plants with immediate reinforcement like willow bark as an analgesic. Talks...... 5 Crossword puzzles...... 6 A preface to any discussion on food science needs to Nutrition density chart...... 12 contain two disclaimers "not all food phytochemicals are known" though currently there are over 26,000 recorded, Nutrient density - kale vs cola....13 and counting and "not all research tools to study the Yoga Pose...... 17 chemistry, biology and pharmacology have been Memory locket pattern...... 18 implemented" in food science At best, food phytochemistry (the discipline) is just budding. Contacts Most data on nutrient and medicinal value of each [email protected] phytochemicals are anectodal. Phytochemicals have rarely [email protected] been exhaustively studied, but some have more than Breast cancer: Windows of Susceptibility. others. To complicate matters, plants are subject to huge NIH grant 1U01ES019480 variation in phytochemical content partly because of differences in each species and strain, and also for [email protected] differences caused by the region in which the plant is PINK RIBBON GIRLS grown, such as sunlight, soil type, stream water or well TO PREVENT the occurrence of BCa water, mineral content of both water and soil, drought, through RESEARCH and EDUCATION temperature, soil bacterial count and type, and fertilizers and natural and chemical agents etc) determine the TO ENCOURAGE and SUPPORT BCa phytochemical content and levels in plants. survivors, friends and families. Take into consideration the research effort being put into just ONE phytochemical, ginseng (see free article below) and this is still just ONE dataset. How long we must wait till all phytochemicals are known and health benefits studied?

Lee Jia and Yuqing Zhao, Current Evaluation of the Millennium Phytomedicine- Ginseng (I): Etymology, Pharmacognosy, Phytochemistry, Market and Regulations, Curr Med Chem. 2009; 16(19): 2475–2484. 1 RESEARCH PARTNERS

QUESTION: What about ginseng? Is it all its cracked up to be? ANSWER : According to the article mentioned on page 1, there are many different species of ginseng grown mostly in asia (typically red gensing) but in the upper north american areas and cooler areas of the midwest (more apt to be white gensing). That includes variation in plant species, soil conditions, climate, and of course times of harvesting and treatment, shipping and storage. With that preface, it seems that this particular phytochemical, used pharmacologically since before the common era (a.d.) The active phytochemicals (known to date) are called ginsenosides are saponins. (Pictures of terpenes are found in the crossword puzzles in this newsletter. While a few studies show gensing to be beneficial to health, others do not. This descrepancy speaks to the current problems in finding a "bench mark" way of testing phtochemicals for biological activities and determining which effects on which to focus attention.

SOLUTION: As with any drug, nutrient and phytochemical supplements work similarly. Always remember, the dose determines the benefit/risk.

In the supplement industry it is buyer beware. There are manufacturers who name products to be ginseng (e.g. such as Indian ginseng, Peruvian ginseng, poor-man's ginseng etc), which are not the same genus as real ginseng (Panax). Wikipedia does a great job of listing the side effects of taking too much gensing and quick to list what it cannot do, however, some middle of the road approach to this particular ancient herbal remedy is probably best taking into account the long history of its use and the possibility for health benefits. It won't be long until real reliable data are available.

Available ginseng is available powedered, pressed, chewable, tinctured, ground, grated, sliced, chipped, carbonated, in capsules, as 2 tablets, extracted, as gels, teas and creams. The doses vary wildly. Some FDA regulation includes wording that any Fig. 1, e.g. oleanolic acid product with the generic term "ginseng" must contain elements from the genus Panax.

About 100 potentially bioactive ginsenosides are present in ginseng added to this there are four additional classes of compounds (at a minimum):

There are saponin (Fig. 1, oleanolic acid) and Fig. 2, e.g. ginsenosides this group purportedly has antitumor and pro-apoptotic effects.

There are ginseng polysaccharides as well (Fig. 2 (Yoo et al, published data in PLOS ONE that have antiviral potential and also can stimulate white cells to increase or decrease (depending upon circumstance) inflammatory responses).

There are polyyens present as well, which are explained by Fig. 3, e.g. linolenic acid Yoo et al as compounds with alternating single and double bonds (Fig. 3, e.g. linolenic acid).

And Flavinoids, phenolic acids more in the leaves and tannins, moreso in the roots (Ludwiczuk et al. Herba Polonica, 2006) (Fig. 4, e.g. ).

Volatile oils are also a component and several have been identified (Fig. 5, e.g. hexadecanoic acid). Fig. 4, e.g. quercetin One critical issue is that ginseng may (does) interact with many other over-the-counter and perscription drugs. Always seek the advise of a pharmacist before adding bioacive agents as high dose supplements to a diet that already contains many drugs. (ed note: Growing up in the early 50s physical science and math were pretty much black text on white paper. Biological sciences were more apt to be 3D and tangible Fig. 5, e.g. hexadecanoic acid thus for this individual personally, the biological sciences were more attractive prospects for study. However, had I had the resources available today, e.g. Chemspider and PhMol where every compound and protein in the world's database can be made into actual 3D rotating spectacular objects my choice of a creer might have been much different. Not before using such shareware was I really in love with biochemistry. I encourage you to look into these two programs and have fun. 3 RESEARCH PARTNERS

“Right, my phone. When these things first appeared, they were so cool. Only when it was too late did people realize they are as cool as electronic tags on remand prisoners.” David Mitchell

We all fall into our habits, our routines, our ruts. They're used quite often, consciously or unconsciously, to avoid living, to avoid doing the messy part of having relationships with other people, of dealing with a person next to us. That's why we can all be in a room on our cell phones and not have to deal with one another. Andrew Stanton

As long as you have a Cell Phone you're never alone Stanley Victor Paskavich

(ed note) with all due respect to Mr Stanley Paskavich, "I think if U think you are NOT alone while on UR cell phone then U R are truly deceived.

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Nancy gave instruction on how to check in with the body with movement and position. She also demonstrated and discussed various breathing techniques with centerting breathing and Piko-Piko. Also, Introduced visualization techniques by using Color and your Tiki Garden. To end the presentation the group practiced stillness.

5 Windows of CROSSWORD PUZZLES Susceptibility for learning about Breast UNIVERSITY OF Cincinnati Cancer Dept of Env Hlth phytochemicals in food Risk Wikipedia has a provided considerable information about phytochemicals commonly found food that have definite but still vastly undstudied and underutilized pharmacological effects. Even a month ago there were at least 26,000 chemicals in food that have the potential to affect our health for better or for worse. Listed here are just a couple of the major categories of phytochemicals. CLUES Across 1. A group of phytochemicals comprising monophenols and polyphenols where most of the names end with the suffix ol as in phenol and while there is ample evidence to indicate the health benefits of diets rich in fruits vegetables legumes whole grains and nuts no specific food has been acknowledged by scientists and government regulatory authorities as providing a health benefit, 2. This group includes isoprenoids which includes and xanthophylls including the well known lycopene beta-carotene and alpha-carotene and others which are known to help with a healthy body and good vision, 3. Aromatic ______with a phenolic component as found in the following pyhtochemicals - cichoric acid, cinnamic acid, chlorogenic acid, diferulic acids, coumaric acid, , ferulic acid, sinapinic acid 4. Arenes or compounds with 6 carbons together as conjugated planar ring systems with electron clouds instead of discrete alternating single and double bonds are called ______and they comprise many of the important food nutrients for good health, . Down 1. Betacyanins and betaxanthines are the technical name for this groun and you can guess from the vegetable name beets and also chard that this is where these phytochemicals are the most plentiful, 2. ______are an important group of phytochemicals found in broccoli cabbage kale brussels sprouts rutabaga mustard greens made up of one 6 and one 5 carbon ring 6 ANSWERS ACIDS

PHYTIC ACID

Examples of these coupounds are shown as pictures. TERPENES AROMATICS

BETA-CAROTENE BETALAINS INDOLES

ALLICIN BETANIN

Amazing, totaly amazing and almost unbelievable. Did you know that a pronounciation of many of those long, weirdly- spelled anti-cancer chemical names (the phytochemicals we PHENOLICS are supposed to be eating to help our bodies fight off the constant onslaugt of oxidative stress) can actually be found online. Going through the list of anti-cancer phytochemicals (the list is long to date and will of course become very much longer with more research) one in particular popped out as one whose pronounciation would probably stopp most individuals from going forward. GINGEROL Try it out. Google glycyrrhizin and a YouTUBE video comes up or you can click HERE. Ha Ha, how amazing is that. WHO NAMES THESE ANYWAY!!! 7 Windows of CROSSWORD PUZZLES Susceptibility for learning about Breast UNIVERSITY OF Cincinnati Cancer Dept of Env Hlth phytochemicals in food Risk

Wikipedia has a provided considerable information about phytochemicals commonly found in Chinese medicines and as puported pharmacological benefits. This puzzle is a difficult, but interesting look at many of those chemicals.

8 Windows of CLUES Susceptibility Across Breast Cancer Risk 1. The main sweet-tasting compound from liquorice root 30–50 times as sweet as sucrose but important in treating chronic viral hepatitis and like glabridin is a phyto extrogen, 2. Naturally occurring flavinol found in grapes berries peas nuts onions and some teas and may lower risk for prostate and pncreatic cancer and help with heart disease, 3. This is found in parsley artichoke basil celery and other plants and binds well to the estrogen receptor blocking cell proliferation, 4. From the barberry plant genus name Berber comes this chemical which appears to reduce growth of several types of tumors including breast cancer cells, 5. Common pigment in red fruits and vegetables and is the colorant in its namesake and in pumpkins and yams and is a precursor to vitamin A, 6. A acid as a component of all plants since it is part of lignan but named from the stimulant alkyolid in coffee which is an antioxidant and has immunomodulatory and anticancer properties, 7. This compound also called indian basil oil is a para-allylphenol occurs in some of the betel leaf oils and possesses strongly antiseptic and antifungal properties and the methy chavicol form may be psychidelic, 8. A natural pigment found in flowers egg yolks orange rind papaya apples and others which sounds like something superman would be harmed by, 9. Naturally occurring anthraquinone and is a purgative and has a similarly - substitute the I for an e named commercial product as it is found in rhubarb other plants roots used in Chinese medicine with potential benefit for those with diabetes and inhibitory effects on angiogenic and metastasis regulatory processes make emodin a sensible candidate as a specific blocker of tumor-associated events, 10. Currently being investigated as a tea which might increase the effectiveness of some antibiotics against some Staph aureus bacteria resistent to many antibiotics, 11. The major polyphenol catechin in green tea but not black tea and various studies in laboratory animals suggest it is antiinflammatory good for diabetes and the prostate and leukemia but more work is needed, 12. This compound is extracted from bay leaf and clove and nutmeg and cinnamon and is used as an antiscptic and anesthetic, 13. A steroid found in the guggul plant was thought to reduce cholesterol but is still found in many supplements, 14. Name is a combination of dark purple indigo and rubin and it is present in Chinese medicinals and studied as an inhibitor of mitosis and cell signaling pathway during some developmental processes, 15. This acid onverts glucose into energy and is an essential cofactor of four mitochondrial enzyme complexes and is found in almost all foods but slightly more so in kidney heart liver spinach broccoli and yeast extract, 16. From the word lycopersicum referring to the tomato species this is a bright red carotene and carotenoid pigment and phytochemical found in tomatoes and other red fruits and vegetables such as red carrots and red bell peppers watermelons gac and papayas but not strawberries or cherries and may prevent of some types of cancers, 17. This is the acid form of phytate which is plant fiber which can have different nutritional benefits or ill effects depending upon many factors such as a individual intestinal microbiome, 18. A compounds found in Norway spruce and grapes passion fruit and white tea and is a metabolite of resveratrol and displays antioxidant and anticancer properties, 19. This pungent compound in black pepper can inhibit some metabolizing enzymes allowing 9 Windows of Susceptibility variation in drug responses and it is 8 on culinary heat scale list, Breast 20. Derived from the Plumbago plant this compound is regarded as a Cancer toxin a genotoxin and a mutagen but it is these same features that give it Risk cell cycle and anticancer drug importance and a long list of impressive bioactive effects, 21. Pentacyclic acid found in prunes as well as apples basil bilberries cranberries elder flowers peppermint rosemary lavender oregano thyme and hawthorn and is used in cosmetics but also decreases proliferation in some cancer cell types and induces apoptosis, 22. Antioxidant found in wine and grapes that has limited success in lengthening lifespan of normal weight experimental animals, 23. Thymoquinone has antiepileptic effects in children with refractory seizures and has antioxidant effects and protective effects for heart liver and kidney damage in animal studies as well as having possible anticancer effects and it comes from the seed of black cumin or if from the flowering plant is used as a spice, 24. A bioactive flavinoid in different types of teas which is an antiinflammatory and is being investigated as a possible chemical to potentiate some kinds of chemotherpy regimens, 25. Derived from the Zingiber zerumbet Smith plant from which it gets its name may be antiinflammtory and is purported suppress free radical formation and cancer cell proliferation, . Down 1. Like glabridin this coumpond is obtained from liquorice root and is effective in the treatment of peptic ulcer and is expectorant and antitussive, 2. Found in mangos with antimicrobial andidiabetic and antioxidant effects, 3. From the allium family this compound is only in garlic only after it is crushed or extracted and it has anti-fungal and antibacterial properties, 4. Compound isolated from pink Lapacho trees and is in phase II clinical trials as anticancer drug therapy alone or in combination with others but was deemed ineffective at this time, 5. A naturally occurring acid found in the burch tree genus name and namesake Betula and has antiretroviral antimalarial and anti-inflammatory properties possible anticancer use in inhibititing topoisomerase, 6. Five ring triterpene acid produced by plants of the genus Boswellia which shows promise in careful doses as an antiinflammatory, 7. A plant polyphenol from Toxicodendron that contains the allergen of poison ivy but some extracts have antitumor antioxidant bloodpressure lowering and antifibrogenic effects, 8. this is an irritant and causes a burning sensation but is used medicinally as a dermal treatment for pain and neuralgia and also a clinically proven nasal spray for allergies, 9. This compound is named after the a biologist Carolus Linneaus but is extracted from Rosemary plants with possible health benefits of cancer prevention antioxidants antiinflammatory protection, 10. This compound exhibits antioxidant antiinflammatory anticancer and insecticidal qualities and it is a also tripterine with 5 rings and belongs in the family of quinone methides, 11. The principal curcuminoid of the popular Indian spice turmeric which is a member of the ginger family but which has neither supported nor refuted in its health benefits, 12. Named for two benzine rings and a methane group this compound shows some promise along with curcumin for its potential to block carcinogen-induced mammary tumors, 13. Extracted from the tubers of Dioscorea wild yam and used for the commercial synthesis of cortisone pregnenolone progesterone and other steroid products, 14. Also called evodia used in Chinese medicine and is anti-alergic anticancer and is thought to inhibit proliferation of breast cancer cells, 15. A phytoestrogen and a natural chemical isoflavone that is found in soybeans fava beans and1 0 Windows of Susceptibility 16. An alcohol found in fresh ginger root and a relative of capsasin and Breast piperine and that is a pungent yellow oil a heat designation of 8 cdifferent Cancer kinds of chilies, Risk 17. An xenoestrogen isoflavone found in the licorice root species Glycyrrhiza glabra and used in cosmetics to reduce melanogenesis and inflammation In laboratory animals and may help with colitis and colon inflammation, 18. This is a diterpene found in some types of coffee beans with anti-inflammatory and anti- angiogenic activities, 19. Naturally occurring terpene found in plants with a spicy scent like lavender coriander rosa palma and bay leaf and it is used is soaps and perfumes, 20. Found in mangos and acacia and in dandelion coffee Lupeol has a complex pharmacology in humans displaying antiprotozoal antimicrobial antiinflammatory antitumor and chemopreventive properties, 21. Luteus meaning yellow is the root word for this xanthophyll and one of 600 known naturally occurring carotenoids and high in green leafy vegetables such as spinach kale and yellow carrots and there is epidemiological evidence that increased consumption of this compound and zeaxanthin lowers the risk of cataract development, 22. Occurs naturally in chinchona bark and coffee beans is a polyol with many OH groups and from which tamiflu for influenza virus was developed, 23. Sulforaphane is an isothiocyanate organosulfur compound which exhibits anticancer and antimicrobial properties in experimental models and it is obtained from cruciferous vegetables such as broccoli Brussels sprouts or cabbages, 24. From the sativa plant and chinese pharmacopia this compound is also called chia and is currently in phase III clinical trials for bioactive effects and relevant to breast cancer chemotherapy, 25. Called vitamin E and in all of its forms it functions as an antioxidant just like the tocotrienol its antioxidant activity due to the ability to donate a hydrogen atom from the hydroxyl group to free radicals in the body, 26. Like tocopherol this compound is part of vitamin E family of essential nutrients for the body and conprises four tocotrienols either alpha beta gamma or delta) and only slightly different than tocopherol in the unsaturated side chain having three double bonds, 27. Belongs to the ginger family and both the alpha and beta compounds have strong inhibitory effects on the synthesis of prostaglandins and leukotrienes in vitro like urson prunol or malol is a pentacyclic triterpene acid used in cosmetics that is also capable of inhibiting various cancer cell types by inhibiting the STAT3 activation pathway, Links to more puzzles

11 Windows of Susceptibility Breast ANSWERS Cancer Risk

Wikipedia along with Chemspider and PyMol made it possible to run through part of the endless list of phytochemicals to "see" just how small, how big, how complicated, and how "cute" some of these great chemicals are. A shapshot of these helps give them a place in time. 12 ALLICIN BERBERINE BETA-CAROTENE BETULINIC -ACID GETTING TO KNOW THE SHAPES and SOUNDS OF NUTRITION BETA BUTEIN LAPACHONE

CAFFEIC ACID CAPSAICIN CARNOSOL DIBENZYOLMETHANE

CELASTROL CRYPTOXANTHIN CURCUMIN

EUGENOL EMODIN EPICATECHIN EPIGALLICATECHIN GALLATE

EVODIAMINE GENISTEIN GINGEROL GLABRIDIN

GLYCYRRHETIN GLYCYRRHZIN GUGGULSTERONE INDIRUBIN 13 LINALOOL LIPOIC ACID LUPEOL

MANGIFERIN MYRICITIN

LUTEIN LYCOPENE

PHYTIC ACID PIPERINE PICEATANNOL PLUMBAGIN

SULFORAPHANE TANSHINONE_1 QUINIC ACID RESVERATROL

TOCOPHEROL TOCOTRIENOL WOGONIN THYMOQUINONE

The links are to an electronic online pronunciation of these compounds. It is easier to understand what they are and mean when they are associated with a name and a structure. Some of YAKICHONONE ZERUMBONE the chemicals are actually quite beautiful. 14 RESEARCH PARTNERS http://www.doctoroz.com/videos/dr-joel-fuhrmans-nutrition-density-chart Dr. Joel Fuhrman's Nutrition Density Chart

kale...... 1000 raspberries....138 oatmeal...... 36 watercress....1000 blueberries..132 salmon...... 34 collards...1000 iceberg lettuce.127 milk 1%...... 31 swiss chard....895 pomegranate 119 eggs.... 31 bok choi....875 grapes...119 bananas...30 spinach....707 camtalope....118 walnuts....30 arugula....604 onions....109 w w bread.30 romaine lettuce.510 plums.....106 almonds.....38 brussels sprouts.490 oranges....98 avacados....28 carrots....485 cucumber... 87 white potatoes... 28 cabbage....464 tofu....82 cashews....27 broccoli....340 beans (all)....71 chicken breast....24 cauliflower.....315 seeds:flax etc....68 ground beef....21 red bell peppers..265 green peas....63 white bread....21 mushrooms...238 cherries...55 white pasta...17 asparagus....205 apples....53 lowfat cheese....16 tomatoes....186 peanut butter....51 olive oil....11 strawberries....182 corn....45 corn chips....7 blackberries....171 pistacio nuts....37 cola....1 leeks....165 leeks....165

Methods for calculation the integrated nutrient values are: a percent of the RDI for known vitamins and minerals; potency presumed bioavailability and nutrient value was calculated based on the current literature for these phytochemicals.

This is where the fuzz begins, these data include only a few of the 26,000 known food phytochemicals and the limited research available. Nevertheless the take-away message HERE is quite clear and supports anticancer diet claims from countless sources.

EVALUATED IN EACH FOOD: fiber, calcium, iron, magnesium, phosphorus, potassium, zinc, copper, manganese, selenium,vit A, beta carotene, alpha carotene, lycopene, lutein, zeaxanthin, vit E, vit C, thiamin B1, riboflavin B2, niacin B3, pantothenic acid B4, pyridoxine B6, folate B9 , cobalamins B12, Bp, vit K, phytosterols, glucosinolates, angiogenisis inhibiting factors, organosulfides, aromatase inhibitors, resistant starch, resveratrol, and the ORAC score (oxygen radical absorbance capacity).

Rank your food intake (p.s. processed foods are excluded) in total nutrient density -- 1: vegetables, 2 fruits, 3 grains, 4 animal protein products, and a second level of organization within each group 1: purple and green, 2: red and orange 3, yellow and brown, white.

modified slightly 15 nutrient more e nutrient den dense S nu1: 50 f d lca t i o less r r nutrient e i S dense nt 50 100 vit C, vit A, vit K, vit B6 1: vit B2, calcium,S fiber nu powerhouse of antioxidants strongly antiinflammatory very low glycemic index t i fantastic for weight loss a nearly perfect protein er lc more omega 3 than omega 6 and has over 45 different nt or , esp kaempferol sugar S and quercetin, reduces 5 i S different types of cancer risk 110

VIDEO Drinking one can of diet soda per day raised a person's risk of suffering what are otherwise known as "vascular events" by as much as 44 percent. http://news.yahoo.com/study-diet-soda-linked- increased-risk-heart-attack-172600831.html 16 REDUCE CANCER RISK GAIN STRENGTH RELEASE STRESS

Utthita Parsvakonasana http://www.yogajournal.com/poses/749 extended side angle stretch pose

Standing with your feet 3.5 to 4 feet apart raise your arms outstretched palms down parallel to the floor. Rotate your left foot in a few degrees toward center, and your right foot 90 degrees to the right. Center your knee over the center of your right ankle. Turn your hips slight toward the right while keeping upper body more toward center.

Keep left heel on the floor. Exhale. Bend your right leg at the knee so that the leg is at a right angle with your foot and your right thigh is parallel to the floor, place your right palm or fingertips on the floor to the right side of your right foot.

Stretch your left arm straight up by your left ear with your palm to facing the floor. Inhale. Look at your left arm. Stretch from your left fingertips through your left side to your left foot.

The inside of your right thigh should be parallel with the floor, and at a 90o angle at your knee.

Hold in this position for 30 to 60 seconds. Inhale. Direct your left arm toward the ceiling and use the right thigh muscles to stand up.

Repeat to the left.

17 RESEARCH PARTNERS

SUPPLIES:

Purchase lockets at any craft or jewelry store (those in Fig. 1 were purchased at Michaels in the sale bin but you can purchase silver or semiprecious metal).

1 block of polymer clay in your desired color (or colors)

Dried flower petals (just two or three) ground to fine pieces.

INSTRUCTIONS

Knead the ground petals into a small piece of polymer clay. When the clay and petals are mixed, take a small portion of the mixture and press it into the place inside the locket charms that would ordinarily contain the photo. Smooth the surface off, and remove any clay around the hinge and the latch, and the border. Check to see if the locket closes, and remove any thickness of clay which might hinder the closure.

Bake at 250o for 30 min (or according to the instructions on the package of polymer clay. Polish the surface of the clay and locket with a polishing cloth or a polishing bit on your drill.

Add a jump ring to the top of the locket (if desired) and hang from your charm bracelet or necklace chain. 18