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Human Evolution EDITORIAL BOARD EDITOR Alan Bryan COVER ARTWORK Bonnie Koenig SUBSCRIPTION EDITOR Linda Suss ASSOCIATE EDITORS KENELM BURRIDGE Department of Anthropology and Sociology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C. V6T 1W5 STEPHEN L. CUMBAA National Museum of Natural Sciences, 491 Bank St., Ottawa, Ontario K1A OM8 DELL HYMES Graduate School of Education, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Penn. 19104 JUNJI KOIZUMI Faculty of Arts, Aichi Kenritsu University, Nagoya 467 Japan RAY LeBLANC Archaeological Survey of Alberta, 8820 - 112 St., Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2P8 GERTRUDE NICKS Provincial Museum of Alberta, 12845 - 102 Ave., Edmonton, Alberta T5N OM6 TOM SHAY Department of Anthropology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man. T3T 2M6 The CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ANTHROPOLOGY/REVUE CANADIENNE D'ANTHRO- POLOGIE is published twice yearly (spring and fall) by the Department of Anthropology at the University of Alberta. MANUSCRIPTS These should be addressed to the Editor, CJA/RCA, Department of Anthropology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, T6G 2H4. Instructions for the preparation of manuscripts can be found on the inside back cover. REPRINTS Fifty (50) reprints will be provided gratis to each author or group of authors. Additional reprints will be available at a cost to be determined. SUBSCRIPTIONS Please make cheques payable to: Canadian Journal of Anthropology. (Canadian Funds in Canada; U.S. Funds for all other countries) Individual: $15 per volume Institutional: $30 per volume Complete back file sets are available for continuing subscribers. Prices of back volumes and individ- ual issues available on request. ADVERTISEMENTS Information can be obtained by writing to The Editor. 0 1980 The Canadian Journal of Anthropology Revue Canadienne d'Anthropologie RICHARD FRUCHT MEMORIAL ESSAY PRIZE The CJA/RCA will award an annual prize in memory of Professor Richard Frucht for an essay on the general topic of historical materialism. While no strict limitations will be placed on the specific area, preference will be given to essays which cover aspects of the following topics which were central to Professor Frucht's scholarly interests: political economy of the nation-state; rural masses and political movements; post slave society in the New World; historical materialism in anthropological theory. The value of the prize will be $100 for students or $50 for non-students and the winning essay will be published in the CJA/RCA. Essays should be no more than 5,000 words long and must reach the Editor by the 1st of January. They should conform to the style outlined in the "Notes to Contributors". Canadian Journal of Anthropology Revue Canadienne d' Anthropologie Volume 3:2 1983 PROCEEDINGS of A Symposium on HUMAN EVOLUTION Editor G.H. Sperber University of Alberta Edmonton Published for THE UNIVERSITY OF ALBERTA by THE CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ANTHROPOLOGY Canadian Journal of Anthropology Revue Canadienne d'Anthropologie TABLE OF CONTENTS Volume 3:2 Frontispiece ..............................................................................................................................................................................i Dedication ...............................................................................................................................................................................ii ... Tribute to Professor Raymond Dart ....................................................................................................................................111 Foreword ................................................................................................................................................................................iv Greetings From the President ...............................................................................................................................................v Greetings to the University ..................................................................................................................................................vi Participants in the Symposium on Human Evolution .......................................................................................................vii ... RBsumCs ...............................................................................................................................................................................VIII Human Evolution: The Geological Framework. by H.B.S. Cooke......................................................................................................................................................... 143 Hominid Evolution in Africa. by P. V. Tobias ...........................................................................................................................................................163 Question Period I .......................................................................................................................................................187 Early Man in Indonesia: "Defossilization" of Human Fossils. by T. Jacob .................................................................................................................................................................191 Question Period I1 ......................................................................................................................................................197 First Panel Discussion ........................................................................................................................................................201 Hominid Fossils From China and Their Bearing on Human Evolution. by R. Wu ....................................................................................................................................................................207 Question Period 111 ....................................................................................................................................................2 13 Human Brain Evolution: A Search for Units, Models and Synthesis. by R.L. Holloway .......................................................................................................................................................2 15 Question Period IV .....................................................................................................................................................23 1 Aspects of the Evolution of Human Behaviour: an Archaeological Perspective. by G.Ll. Isaac ..........................................................................................................................................................233 Question Period V ......................................................................................................................................................245 Final Panel Discussion .......................................................................................................................................................247 PROCEEDINGS of A Symposium on HUMAN EVOLUTION Held at the University of Alberta Edmonton, October 4/5th 1982 in Commemoration of the University's 7Yh Anniversary Editor G.H. Sperber University of Alberta Edmonton Published for THE UNIVERSITY OF ALBERTA by THE CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ANTHROPOLOGY Raymond Arthur Dart Professor Raymond Dart was born in Brisbane, Australia on 4 February 1893 and was educated at schools in Queensland and at the Universities of Queensland and Sydney. After graduating B.Sc (Hon.) in 1913, he became a medical student at Sydney University. In 1915 he was awarded the MSc. and, in 1917, the M.B. Ch.M. (Hon.) of Sydney, which year saw him a demonstrator in anatomy. Enlisted in the Australian Army Medical Corps, Dart served in England and France in 1918-1919. On demobilization he became senior demonstrator in anatomy under Professor (later Sir) Grafton Elliot Smith at University College, London. Elliot Smith, with his strong emphasis on the nervous system and its role in primate evolution, was another major influence in Dart's life. When the Rockefeller Foundation established its Fellowships program, Dart and his fellow-Australian anatomist, Joseph Shellshear, were the first two Rockefeller Fellows (1920-1921). Dart spent most of his American visit under Robert J. Terry in the Anatomy Department of Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri. Within a year of returning to University College, Dart was on his way to take up the Chair of Anatomy at the University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg. Dart held the Chair from 1923 to 1958 and also served as Dean of the Medical Faculty for 18 years. Some years after he retired from the Chair, when he was 70, he was appointed a Visiting Professor in the Institute for the Achievement of Human Potential at Philadelphia and ever since he has spent 6 months a year there in this capacity, even including his 90th year! Dart's initial research contributions were in comparative neuro-anatomy and neuro-embryology, and a generation of protCgCs followed. He was interested in the peoples of Africa, and originated the concept that the Khoisan (Bushman-Hottentot) peoples of southern Africa were descended from an earlier population he called the 'Boskop race' (after the fossil human cranium found at Boskop near Potchefstroom, Transvaal, in 1913). Dart's name will forever be associated with the discovery of the Taung skull and his prescient recognition of its significance. At a time when discoveries in Java and China led to the view that Asia had cradled mankind, there fell
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