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An Investigation of Hybridity Through a Local Australian Samba De Gafieira Dance Community

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An Investigation of Hybridity Through a Local Australian Samba De Gafieira Dance Community TRANSCULTURAL IMPROVISATIONS: AN INVESTIGATION OF HYBRIDITY THROUGH A LOCAL AUSTRALIAN SAMBA DE GAFIEIRA DANCE COMMUNITY Rachel Ann Mathews BA Dance QUT, MA Dance Studies (Distinction) Surrey Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Faculty of Creative Industries Queensland University of Technology 2019 Keywords Australia, Brazil, dance, hybridity, mimicry, samba de gafieira, scapes, transculturalism Transcultural improvisations: An investigation of hybridity through a local Australian samba de gafieira dance community i Abstract This research is an intrinsic case study of the process by which hybridity operates in the transculturation of samba de gafieira through a local Australian dance community. Samba de gafieira is a Brazilian partner dance executed in an embrace to urbanised music styles (Béhague, 2013). It was a popular dance during the 1940s in Rio de Janeiro, its birthplace, and the first example of its sustained instruction in Australia began in 1998 at Rio Rhythmics Latin Dance Academy, Brisbane (Arôxa, 1996; Teatini-Climaco, 2009, p. 13). Australia, Brisbane in particular, is now the major centre for samba de gafieira outside of Brazil. The study addresses the question: How does hybridity operate in the transculturation of samba de gafieira through a local Australian dance community? This involved exploring the relationship between two sites (with their associated social agendas, discourses, and politico-economic structures) and the scapes that link them (Appadurai, 1996; Kraidy, 2005, pp. 153, 156; Marcus, 1998; Saukko, 2003, p. 178). Rio Rhythmics, located in Brisbane, was the ‘local Australian dance community’ addressed – the source of most of the data – however other practitioners in Brisbane and across the country were also consulted. Rio de Janeiro was the Brazilian site. In terms of the scapes – the “streams or flows along which cultural material may be seen to be moving across national boundaries” (Appadurai, 1996, p. 51) – the following were addressed, each with a specific focus relevant to the study: the “bodyscape” (corporeality – the flow of samba de gafieira), “ethnoscape” (the flow of people), “technoscape” (the flow of dance information through the Internet), and “mediascape” (the flow of dance information through movies and television) (Appadurai, 1996, pp. 33-35; Saukko, 2003, pp. 177, 181). The analysis of the intersections between the sites and scapes was enabled through the strategies of practice-rich research, ethnography, case study, historical analysis, and dance analysis. The data collection methods were participant observation, surveys, interviews, dance movement as data, and documents and objects as data. Three overarching findings emerged from the study. Firstly, the hybridising process evident in samba de gafieira at Rio Rhythmics operates most strongly through the ethnoscape, in particular, through Brazilian immigrant ‘dance-translators’ who ii Transcultural improvisations: An investigation of hybridity through a local Australian samba de gafieira dance community negotiate being ‘in-between’ through a process of “mimicry” (Bhabha, as cited in Kraidy, 2005, p. 58; Bhabha, 1994). Secondly, the connection between the sites is not initiated or enabled through structural (politico-economic) dominance of the United States of America (USA) (Kraidy, 2005, p. 153). Thirdly, samba de gafieira in the Australian site is best described as being a close replication of the dance as it is executed in Brazil, on a scale through to “radical hybridization” (Kraidy, 2005, p. 6). Transcultural improvisations: An investigation of hybridity through a local Australian samba de gafieira dance community iii Table of Contents Keywords .................................................................................................................................. i Abstract .................................................................................................................................... ii Table of Contents .................................................................................................................... iv List of Figures ......................................................................................................................... vi List of Tables .......................................................................................................................... vii List of Publications ................................................................................................................ viii List of Abbreviations ............................................................................................................... ix Statement of Original Authorship ............................................................................................ x Acknowledgements ................................................................................................................. xi Chapter 1: Introduction ...................................................................................... 1 1.1 Context and research problem ........................................................................................ 2 1.2 Aim and research question ............................................................................................. 6 1.3 Methodology and scope ................................................................................................. 7 1.4 Significance .................................................................................................................. 12 1.5 Thesis structure ............................................................................................................ 13 Chapter 2: Literature review ............................................................................ 17 2.1 Globalisation and culture ............................................................................................. 17 The history of global processes ......................................................................... 17 The analysis of global cultural processes ........................................................... 21 The study’s relationship with existing theory about global processes ............... 34 2.2 Globalisation and dance ............................................................................................... 38 Globalisation and non-Latin American styles of dance ..................................... 38 Globalisation and Latin American dance other than samba .............................. 40 Globalisation and samba .................................................................................... 42 2.3 Summary of the literature review ................................................................................. 51 Chapter 3: Research design............................................................................... 53 3.1 Interpretive paradigm ................................................................................................... 54 Constructionism ................................................................................................. 54 Symbolic interactionism .................................................................................... 55 Why critical transculturalism? ........................................................................... 55 3.2 Disciplines that inform the overarching design of the methodology ........................... 57 3.3 Research strategies ....................................................................................................... 59 Practice-rich research ......................................................................................... 59 Ethnography and case study .............................................................................. 59 3.3.3 Historical analysis .............................................................................................. 65 Dance analysis ................................................................................................... 65 3.4 Data collection methods ............................................................................................... 67 Description of participant groups and organisations/events .............................. 69 Theoretical sampling .......................................................................................... 73 iv Transcultural improvisations: An investigation of hybridity through a local Australian samba de gafieira dance community Participant observation, surveys, and interviews................................................81 Dance movement as data ....................................................................................99 Documents and objects as data .........................................................................101 Validity considerations in the sampling and analysis of documents and objects ...............................................................................................................104 A note regarding the use of the Internet for this study .....................................104 3.5 Documenting the data .................................................................................................104 Field notes during participant observation .......................................................105 Documentation sheet for the interviews ...........................................................105 Transcription ....................................................................................................106
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