DOCSLIB.ORG

Black-Capped Vireo Scientific Name: Vireo Atricapillus Federal Status: Endangered, 10/6/87• State Status: Endangered

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Black-Capped Vireo Scientific Name: Vireo Atricapillus Federal Status: Endangered, 10/6/87• State Status: Endangered Black-capped Vireo Scientific Name: Vireo atricapillus Federal Status: Endangered, 10/6/87• State Status: Endangered Description central and southwest Texas, a few leaved plants in vireo habitat in these The Black-capped Vireo is a 4.5 inch counties in central Oklahoma, and in regions include: Texas (Spanish) oak, insect-eating songbird. Mature males Coahuila and Nuevo Leon, Mexico, Lacey oak, shin oak, Durand (scaley- are olive green above and white although less is known of their status bark) oak, live oak, mountain laurel, below with faint greenish-yellow in Mexico. Black-capped Vireos winter evergreen sumac, skunkbush sumac, flanks. The crown and back of the along the western coast of Mexico. flameleaf sumac, redbud, Texas per- head is black with a partial white eye- The descriptions of habitat pre- simmon, Mexican buckeye, elbowbush ring. The iris is brownish-red and the sented in this document are intended and agarita. Although Ashe juniper is bill black. The plumage on the back to help landowners determine if they often part of the plant composition in of the female is duller than the male. have Black-capped Vireo habitat on vireo habitat, preferred areas usually Females have a medium to dark gray their property. Not all sites within have a low density and cover of head with a blackish ring around the the habitat types described will be juniper. used by Black-capped Vireos. It is In the western Edwards Plateau only where individuals of this species and Trans-Pecos Regions, on the west- occupy the identified habitat types ern edge of the vireo’s range, the during the breeding season that spe- birds are often found in canyon bot- cial management considerations such toms and slopes where sufficient as those provided in these guidelines moisture is available to support need to be considered. diverse shrub vegetation. Dominant In Texas, vireo habitat is found woody plants in this habitat type on rocky limestone soils of the include sandpaper oak, Vasey oak, Edwards Plateau, Cross Timbers and Texas kidneywood, Mexican walnut, Prairies, eastern Trans-Pecos and, to a Texas persimmon, lotebush, brasil, limited extent, on igneous soils in the wafer ash, mountain laurel, cenizo, Male Black-capped Vireo © TPWD Chisos Mountains. Although Black- whitebrush, and guajillo. capped Vireo habitat throughout Texas is highly variable with regard to plant species, soils, temperature, and rainfall, all habitat types are sim- ilar in vegetation structure; i.e. the “overall look” is somewhat similar although the plant species vary. Vireos require broadleaf shrub vegetation reach- ing to ground level for nesting cover. They typi- cally nest in shrublands and open woodlands with a distinc- tive patchy structure. Typical habi- tat is characterized by shrub vegetation extending from the ground to about 6 feet or more and covering about 30-60% or greater of the total Female Black-capped Vireo © USFWS A. Shull area. In the eastern portion of the vireo’s range, the shrub layer is often For all habitat types, the plant white surrounding the eye (this gener- combined with an open, sparse to composition appears to be less impor- ally distinguishes the female from the moderate tree canopy. Patches of tant than the presence of adequate second year male). open grass or bare rock separate the broad-leaved shrubs, foliage to ground clumps of shrubs and trees. In central level, and mixture of open grassland Distribution Texas, this habitat is often regrowth and woody cover. Deciduous and and Habitat from disturbances such as clearing, broad-leaved shrubs and trees through- Historical records from 1852-1956 fire, and browsing. out the vireo’s range are also impor- show that the Black-capped Vireo In the Edwards Plateau and Cross tant in providing habitat for insects on once occurred and nested from cen- Timbers Regions, vireo habitat occurs which the vireo feeds. tral Kansas, Oklahoma, Texas and where soils, topography, and land use into northern Mexico. Today, Black- produce scattered hardwoods with capped Vireos are known to nest in abundant low cover. Common broad- Black-capped Vireo 1 Life History nearby. The birds migrate to their win- Black-capped Vireos arrive in Texas tering grounds on Mexico’s western from mid-March to mid-April. Adult coast beginning in July, and are gone males often arrive before females and from Texas by mid-September. first-year males to select their territo- ries. Vireos’ territories are often clus- Threats and Reasons tered in patches of suitable habitat. for Decline Although territories range in size The Black-capped Vireo is vulnerable from 1 to 16 acres, most territories to changes in the abundance and qual- are 5 to 10 acres. Males sing to ity of its habitat. Habitat may become attract mates and defend territories. unsuitable for vireos because of nat- Many males can be heard singing ural plant succession, sustained brood throughout the breeding season, but parasitism by the Brown-headed Cow- singing begins to decline by July. The bird, or because of human activities. vireo’s song is described as hurried Factors that can adversely affect vireo and harsh, composed of numerous habitat include broad-scale or phrases separated from one another improper brush clearing, fire suppres- by pauses of 1 to 3 seconds. sion, over browsing by deer and live- Nesting begins after the females stock, and urbanization. Loss of Black-capped Vireo nest arrive in late March to early April. tropical wintering habitat is also a © TPWD Glen Mills Both the male and female select the concern, but requires further study. nest site and build the nest, but the Poorly planned brush manage- female often completes it. First nests ment practices on rangeland may are built in about 6 to 9 days, but remove too much low growing woody subsequent nests can be built in one cover, especially when large acreages day. The cup-shaped nest is sus- are treated at one time. This elimi- pended from its rim in a fork of a nates or reduces habitat value for branch about 1 to 6 feet above the vireos and for other wildlife, such as ground. However, most Black-capped White-tailed deer, quail, small mam- Vireos nest at about “door-knob” mals, and various songbirds. Over height. Nests have been found in a browsing of broad-leaved shrubs by variety of species including shin oak, goats, deer, and exotic animals scalybark oak, Texas oak, Vasey oak, reduces the vegetation in the 2- to sumac, Texas persimmon, juniper, 4-foot zone, making it unsuitable for Texas redbud, Mexican buckeye and vireo nesting. Continued overuse of Texas mountain laurel. these preferred browse plants over The vireo usually nests more than many years may eventually eliminate once in the same year. A new nest is them from the plant community, thus constructed each time. Three to four permanently altering the habitat. eggs are usually laid in the first nest- In the absence of natural ing attempt, but later clutches may processes, active, well-planned land Nesting vireo contain only 2 to 3 eggs. The first egg management is often required to © Greg W. Lasley is usually laid one day after comple- maintain good vireo habitat, espe- Texas. However, the combination of tion of the nest, with one egg being cially in the eastern portion of its overgrazing, brush clearing, and lack laid each subsequent day. Incubation range. Disturbance, particularly fire, of fire in the recent past has reduced takes 14 to 17 days, and is shared by plays an important role in maintain- vireo habitat in many other areas. the male and female. ing, improving, or creating vireo Natural plant succession is less of a Vireo chicks are fed insects by habitat. The rangelands of central concern in the western portion of its both adults. The young leave the Texas, and the various plant commu- range where suitable habitat persists nest 10 to 12 days after hatching. nities these lands support, evolved for long periods. Fledglings are cared for by the female under the influence of periodic fires. Human activities have provided alone, the male alone, or by both Historically, these natural and man- favorable habitat for the Brown- adults. Sometimes the parents split made fires maintained a matrix of headed Cowbird, which parasitizes the brood and each care for one or open grassland, shrubland and wood- vireo nests. The cowbird is usually more young. Occasionally, males or land. Fire stimulated shrubs to associated with livestock, farms, females will leave the care of the sprout multiple stems at the base, dairies, and grain fields, where it ben- young to their mate, and attempt thus providing areas of dense foliage efits from waste grain and insects. another nesting effort. at the 2- to 4-foot level, required by They may also be attracted to back- Vireos may live for more than five vireos. In the past, fire was responsi- yard bird feeders, trash dumps, or years, and usually return year after ble for maintaining or periodically other urban areas where food and year to the same territory, or one returning some areas to vireo habitat. water are available. Cowbirds lay Today, prescribed burning, a valuable their eggs in other birds’ nests, leav- range and wildlife management tool ing the host bird to raise their young. 2 Black-capped Vireo occurs on many ranches throughout The female cowbird often removes an development is a major threat in private landowners to incorporate expanding urban areas of Travis, management for Black-capped Vireos McLennan, Dallas, Bexar, and Kerr into their livestock and wildlife opera- counties. Problems associated with tions are an essential part of the suburban expansion, such as recovery process.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Bird Checklist
    Gray-cheeked Thrush Catharus minimus Blackburnian Warbler Dendroica fusca Field Sparrow Spizella pusilla Swainson’s Thrush Catharus ustulatus American Redstart Setophaga ruticilla Swamp Sparrow Melospiza georgiana National Park Service Hermit Thrush Catharus guttatus Pine Warbler Dendroica pinus American Tree Sparrow Spizella arborea U.S. Department of the Interior Veery Catharus fuscescens Prairie Warbler Dendroica discolor Grasshopper Ammodramus savannarum Wood Thrush Hylocichla mustelina Palm Warbler Dendroica palmarum Sparrow New River Gorge National River Blue-winged Warbler Vermivora pinus Fox Sparrow Passeralla iliaca Mockingbird and Thrasher Family Yellow Warbler Dendroica petechia Song Sparrow Melospiza melodia (Mimidae) Swainson’s Warbler Limnothlypis swainsonii Vesper Sparrow Pooecetes gramineus Brown Thrasher Toxostoma rufum Worm-eating Helmitheros vermivorus Savannah Sparrow Passerculus sandwichensis Bird Checklist Gray Catbird Dumetella carolinensis Warbler Dark-eyed (“Slate-colored”) Junco hyemalis Northern Mockingbird Mimus polyglottos Tennessee Warbler Vermivora peregrina Junco Wilson’s Warbler Wilsonia pusilla Crow and Jay Family (Corvidae) Hooded Warbler Wilsonia citrina Blackbird and Oriole Family (Icteridae) Blue Jay Cyanocitta cristata Golden-winged Vermivora chrysoptera Rusty Blackbird Euphagus carolinus American Crow Corvus brachyrhynchos Warbler Common Grackle Quiscalus quiscula Common Raven Corvus corax Nashville Warbler Vermivora ruficapilla Red-winged Blackbird Agelaius phoeniceus Kentucky Warbler Oporornis
    [Show full text]
  • Red-Eyed Vireo Vireo Olivaceus
    Red-eyed Vireo Vireo olivaceus Folk Name: Preacher, Hanger, Red-eyed Swinging Bird Status: Breeder Abundance: Common to Very Common Habitat: Hardwood forests and mixed pine hardwood forests The Red-eyed Vireo is our most common and best known member of the vireo family. It is also the largest of our vireos, averaging 6 inches in length. Adults have a blue-gray head with a distinctive bright red eye and a white eyebrow outlined in black. Its body is olive green above and white below and it has no wing bars. Like our other vireos, this bird is more often heard than seen. It repeats its song over and over all day long, often while perched high up in a tree. This is why many local folk have called it “Preacher” or the “Preacher Bird.” One early interpretation of this bird’s call was: “You see it, you know it, do you hear me? Do you believe it?” last bird leaving during fall migration on 18 September of In June 1919, Charlotte businessman and birder C. M. that year. McIlwaine had two arrive in Charlotte on April Carson published this poem with a different interpretation 14, 1930, and his last was seen on 24 September. Charlie of the song of the Red-eyed Vireo: Sellers reported a departure date of 13 October in 1939 and an early return date of 11 April in 1941. What little bird is it that’s up so soon, from early Grace Anderson of Statesville published this morn to sleepy moon? He is calling his dearie all anthropomorphic but eloquent account of the nesting day long, as he hops from limb with his pretty song.
    [Show full text]
  • The Endemic Vireo of Fernando De Noronha {Vireo Gracilirostris)
    THE WILSON BULLETIN A QUARTERLY MAGAZINE OF ORNITHOLOGY Published by the Wilson Ornithological Society VOL. 106, No. 1 MARCH 1994 PAGES 1-188 Wilson Bull, 106(1), 1994, pp. 1-17 THE ENDEMIC VIREO OF FERNANDO DE NORONHA {VIREO GRACILIROSTRIS) STORRS L. OLSON' ABSTRACT.•The Noronha Vireo (Víreo gracilirostris) is endemic to the small oceanic island of Fernando de Noronha off the easternmost tip of Brazil. Although derived from the Red-eyed Vireo (F. olivaceus) complex, the Noronha Vireo is differentiated strongly in coloration, plumage pattern, and morphology and fully merits recognition as a distinct species. It is a smaller bird with a much more rounded wing, longer, more slender bill and a more elongated tail and tarsus. These appear to be specializations for gleaning small insects from foliage, particularly the undersides of leaves. The birds are abundant where appropriate habitat is maintained. The few available data on reproductive and molt cycles, nesting, and vocalizations in V. gracilirostris are summarized. Received 11 November 1992, accepted 24 March 1993. The archipelago of Fernando de Noronha is the easternmost extension of land in the Neotropics, lying 345 km east of the eastern tip of mainland Brazil (3°50'S, 32°25'W). It consists of one main island with a string of minor rocks and islets at its northeastern end and various other scattered stacks. The total land area is 18.4 km^. The island is volcanic in origin and before its discovery in 1503 probably was almost entirely forested. The avifauna consists of the usual complement of tropical seabirds, an as yet undescribed extinct flightless rail (Olson 1982), the Eared Dove (Zenaida auriculatá), and the easternmost populations in the world of tyrant flycatcher (Tyrannidae) and vireo (Vireonidae).
    [Show full text]
  • Song Variation Within a Population of White-Eyed Vireos (Vireo Griseus)
    SONG VARIATION WITHIN A POPULATION OF WHITE-EYED VIREOS (VIREO GRISEUS) RICHARD A. BRADLEY 1 Department of Natural Sciences, Florida State Museum, Gainesville, Florida 32611 USA ABsTP,•CT--Intrapopulational variation in the songsof territorial male White-eyed Vireos (Vireo griseusgriseus) was studied at Gainesville, Florida during 1977 and 1978. The motifs in the song repertoiresof 40 color-bandedmales were analyzed in detail. Individual male White-eyed Vireos used 1-14 different motifs. A quantitative sequence-comparisonmeasure of song dissimilarity was used to compare song repertoires. No relationship was found between the dissimilarity of indi- viduals' song repertoiresand the map distancesbetween their territories. Unexpectedly, pairs of neighboring males had more dissimilar song repertoires than non-neighboring pairs of vireos. Received 21 March 1980, accepted 26 July 1980. IN some speciesof birds, geographic song variation is discontinuous, forming a mosaic of well-defined dialects. Other species,such as the White-eyed Vireo (Vireo griseus), possessa more or less continuouspattern of geographicvariation. An ex- tensive survey of song variation in White-eyed Vireos (6,193 songsprimarily from Ohio, Florida, and Texas) revealed patterns of geographicvariation that apparently lack well-defined boundaries (Donald Borror pers. comm.). My study was initiated to determine the pattern of song variation within a single population of White-eyed Vireos. I studied a population of Vireo griseusgriseus at Gainesville, Alachua Coun- ty, Florida. This population is apparently nonmigratory, although individuals are quite secretive in winter. This vireo has a patchy distribution in northern Florida, reflecting the occurrenceof preferred second-growthhabitat. My initial hypothesis was that intrapopulational variation would, like the continent-wide pattern, be more or less continuous.
    [Show full text]
  • Two Subspecies of Warbling Vireo Differ in Th!:.!R Rfponses to Cowbird Egc
    TWO SUBSPECIES OF WARBLING VIREO DIFFER IN TH!:.!R RFPONSES TO COWBIRD EGC SPENCER G. SEALY, Departmentof Zoology,University of Manitoba,Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada ALISON J. BANKS, Montana CooperativeWildlife Research Unit, Universityof Montana, Missoula,Montana 59812 JAMESON F. CHACE, Departmentof Environmental,Population, and Organismic Biology,University of Colorado,Boulder, Colorado 80309-0334 ABSTRACT: Using real cowbirdeggs, we experimentallyparasitized 41 nestsof the WarblingVireo (Vireo gilvus), three each in BritishColumbia and Colorado, five in Montana, and 30 in Manitoba, and recordedwhether the cowbirdeggs were acceptedor rejected.Cowbird eggs were acceptedat all neststested in British Columbia and Colorado, but both acceptanceand rejectionwere recordedin Montana.In Manitoba,all cowbirdeggs were rejected(29 by puncture-ejection,one bydesertion). The resultssuggest acceptance by a westernsubspecies of the Warbling Vireo, V. g. swainsonii,and rejectionby the easternsubspecies, V. g. gilvus. The geographicvariability in acceptance/rejectionagrees with suggestedtaxonomic differencesfor the WarblingVireo, i.e., that there are two speciesand that neither appearsto vary in responseto the presenceof cowbirdeggs in its nests. Speciesof birdsthat sufferreduced reproductive success when parasitized by Brown-headedCowbirds (J•olothrus ater) shouldevolve strategies that reduceor eliminatethe costsof parasitism,especially because cowbird eggs are distinguishablefrom the eggsof most host species.Adaptations for rejectionof parasiticeggs from nests have evolved in somespecies, but most speciesaccept cowbirdeggs (Rothstein1975, 1990). Why only a few speciesreject cowbird eggs has been attributed to the durationof exposure to the selectivepressure of cowbirdparasitism (Rothstein 1975) or con- straintson the abilityof smallhosts to eject cowbirdeggs from the nest (Rohwerand Spaw 1988). Amongthe ejecterspecies, the largerones grasp and remove cowbirdeggs with their bills, whereasthe smallerspecies puncture-ejectthem (Rohwerand Spaw 1988).
    [Show full text]
  • Standard Abbreviations for Common Names of Birds M
    Standard abbreviations for common names of birds M. Kathleen Klirnkiewicz I and Chandler $. I•obbins 2 During the past two decadesbanders have taken The system we proposefollows five simple rules their work more seriouslyand have begun record- for abbreviating: ing more and more informationregarding the birds they are banding. To facilitate orderly record- 1. If the commonname is a singleword, use the keeping,bird observatories(especially Manomet first four letters,e.g., Canvasback, CANV. and Point Reyes)have developedstandard record- 2. If the common name consistsof two words, use ing forms that are now available to banders.These the first two lettersof the firstword, followed by forms are convenientfor recordingbanding data the first two letters of the last word, e.g., manually, and they are designed to facilitate Common Loon, COLO. automateddata processing. 3. If the common name consists of three words Because errors in species codes are frequently (with or without hyphens),use the first letter of detectedduring editing of bandingschedules, the the first word, the first letter of the secondword, Bird BandingOffices feel that bandersshould use and the first two lettersof the third word, e.g., speciesnames or abbreviationsthereof rather than Pied-billed Grebe, PBGR. only the AOU or speciescode numbers on their field sheets.Thus, it is essentialthat any recording 4. If the common name consists of four words form have provision for either common names, (with or without hypens), use the first letter of Latin names, or a suitable abbreviation. Most each word, •.g., Great Black-backed Gull, recordingforms presentlyin use have a 4-digit GBBG.
    [Show full text]
  • Yellow-Throated Vireo Vireo Flavifrons
    Yellow-throated Vireo Vireo flavifrons Folk Name: Big Hanger, Yellow-throated Branch- swinging Bird Status: Breeder Abundance: Uncommon to Fairly Common Habitat: Mature, open deciduous woodlands The Yellow-throated Vireo has been described as the “handsomest of the vireos.” This 5-½-inch bird is best distinguished from the others by its bold, lemon-yellow spectacles, throat, and breast. It has a white belly and two white wing bars. It is primarily found in patches of mature, open deciduous forest. It spends most of its life gleaning insects high in the trees and is seldom found close to ground. In the late 1800s in Chester County, the Yellow-throated Vireo was reported as a common breeding species and a “very common” bird during migration. R. B. McLaughlin reported spring migrants arriving in Iredell County William McIlwaine’s column published in The Charlotte on April 2, 1885; March 27, 1887; and March 30, 1888. News on April 15, 1928, included the following report: Elmer Brown reported a Yellow-throated Vireo arriving “The yellow-throated vireo and the white-eyed vireo in Salisbury on April 8, 1924. arrived last week [4 April]. And my! they were making In 1926, Elmer Brown shared a nest record from Rowan a fuss about it. Down along the branch just before you County with C. S. Brimley at the North Carolina State reach the old aviation field in Myers Park that yellow- Museum. At the time, this nest was reported to be only throated vireo had the echoes ringing. He was glad to get the second nest of this species found in North Carolina: back; and all his world had to hear it.” During the last week of April 1943, Eddie Clarkson On June 3, 1922 Frank and Harold found the nest discovered a Yellow-throated Vireo nest in the yard of a of a Yellow-throated Vireo near here.
    [Show full text]
  • Breeding Behavior of the Bell Vireo in Southern Indiana
    THE CONDOR VOLUME 62 JULY-AUGUST, 1960 NUMBER 4 BREEDING BEHAVIOR OF THE BELL VIREO IN SOUTHERN INDIANA By VAL NOLAN, JR.. In late May of 1958, Bell Vireos (Vireo bellii) wer ton, Indiana. Since these birds were some 40 miles southe of Indianapolis, the previously known outposts at the eas it seemed desirable to obtain information about them investigation was made in that year, but of the three pairs two pairs and their eight young were color-banded and ob ed for a few minutes a day until mid-July. Three of the banded adults returned in and the three pairs of 1959 and their ten fledglings were caught. Those not marked previous year were.banded. A seuenth adult, a male that apparently was not mated w under observation, was not captured. Home ranges were visited briefly and irregular until mid-September, and much of the history of one male is known from the day of robable arrival until pos- sibly the day he departed. The accumulation of fragment formation on breeding biology and behavior and postnesting activities has prompt paper, since published data based on banded birds seem to be lacking for the Be1 and are scanty for all vireos. LOCALITY AND HABITAT The four fields in which the vireos were found are scatte ed over a strip about three- quarters of a mile long and one-quarter of a mile wide ju t north of Bloomington. A previously published account of the topography, land use, a d vegetation of an adjoin- ing tract (Nolan, 19.55) suffices as a general description of the vireos’ area, except as qualified in the present paper.
    [Show full text]
  • Bird and Arthropod Surveys at Embarras River Bottoms State Habitat Area, Illinois
    Bird and Arthropod Surveys at Embarras River Bottoms State Habitat Area, Illinois Prepared by: Thomas J. Benson Prepared for: Illinois Department of Natural Resources One Natural Resources Way Springfield, IL 62702-1271 Project NRDA1503 1 Background Embarras River Bottoms State Habitat Area (ERBSHA) is an approximately 930 ha site located southeast of Lawrenceville, Illinois. In 2011, the site was transferred to the state of Illinois as a result of a settlement related to contamination from the former Indian Refinery in Lawenceville, Illinois. Since that time, the Illinois Department of Natural Resources (IDNR) and Illinois Environmental Protection Agency (IEPA) has implemented restoration and management activities at the site, which contains a mix of forests, grasslands, shrublands, and both herbaceous and forested wetlands. Starting in 2014, the Illinois Natural History Survey began conducting surveys on a variety of taxa at ERBSHA in an effort to provide baseline information for monitoring populations of conservation priority species as this site continues to be restored. This report includes information on bird and arthropod surveys conducted at ERBSHA in 2014 and 2015. Methods We conducted bird and arthropod surveys at 11 pre-determined points within ERBSHA (Figure 1) in the summer of 2014. We also attempted to collect bird and arthropod data at the same points in 2015, but were unable to complete sampling due to significant flooding. We used standardized methods that we employ with the Critical Trends Assessment Program (CTAP) in Illinois, where we sample 90 randomly selected sites throughout the state each year, including 30 sites classified as forests, grasslands, and wetlands. For our bird sampling, these methods include conducting point-count surveys during the breeding season (May, June, and July), and for terrestrial arthropods we conduct sweep-netting transects.
    [Show full text]
  • American Ornithological Union (AOU) Bird Species List 1
    American Ornithological Union (AOU) Bird Species List 1 Alpha Alpha Species Code Species Code Western Grebe WEGR Glaucous-winged Gull GWGU Clark's Grebe CLGR Hybrid Gull HYGU Red-necked Grebe RNGR Great Black-backed Gull GBBG Horned Grebe HOGR Slaty-backed Gull SBGU Eared Grebe EAGR Western Gull WEGU Least Grebe LEGR Yellow-footed Gull YFGU Pied-billed Grebe PBGR Lesser Black-backed Gull LBBG Common Loon COLO Herring Gull HERG Yellow-billed Loon YBLO California Gull CAGU Arctic Loon ARLO Unidentified Gull UNGU Pacific Loon PALO Ring-billed Gull RBGU Red-throated Loon RTLO Band-tailed Gull BTGU Tufted Puffin TUPU Mew Gull MEGU Atlantic Puffin ATPU Black-headed Gull BHGU Horned Puffin HOPU Heermann's Gull HEEG Rhinoceros Auklet RHAU Laughing Gull LAGU Cassin's Auklet CAAU Franklin's Gull FRGU Parakeet Auklet PAAU Bonaparte's Gull BOGU Crested Auklet CRAU Little Gull LIGU Whiskered Auklet WHAU Ross' Gull ROGU Least Auklet LEAU Sabine's Gull SAGU Ancient Murrelet ANMU Gull-billed Tern GBTE Marbled Murrelet MAMU Caspian Tern CATE Kittlitz's Murrelet KIMU Royal Tern ROYT Xantus' Murrelet XAMU Crested Tern CRTE Craveri's Murrelet CRMU Elegant Tern ELTE Black Guillemot BLGU Sandwich Tern SATE Pigeon Guillemot PIGU Cayenne Tern CAYT Common Murre COMU Forster's Tern FOTE Thick-billed Murre TBMU Common Tern COTE Razorbill RAZO Arctic Tern ARTE Dovekie DOVE Roseate Tern ROST Great Skua GRSK Aleutian Tern ALTE South Polar Skua SPSK Black-naped Tern BNTE Pomarine Jaeger POJA Least Tern LETE Parasitic Jaeger PAJA Sooty Tern SOTE Long-tailed Jaeger LTJA
    [Show full text]
  • Gray Vireo Population Sites, Years Surveyed, and Reporting Sour
    STATUS REPORT AND BIOLOGICAL REVIEW OF THE GRAY VIREO IN NEW MEXICO John P. DeLong1 and Sartor O. Williams III2,3 1Eagle Environmental, Inc., 2314 Hollywood Ave NW, Albuquerque, NM 87104, [email protected] 2New Mexico Department of Game and Fish, P.O. Box 25112, Santa Fe, NM 87504 3Curent address: 1819 Meadowview Dr. NW, Albuquerque, NM 87104, [email protected] 1 December 2006 New Mexico Department of Game and Fish Executive Summary We compiled available published and unpublished records of Gray Vireos in the state of New Mexico and produced an overview of the distribution, status, and biology of the species in the state. We identified 49 population sites in 20 of New Mexico's 33 counties and estimated a maximum number of documented territories at 418. The largest known concentrations in the state are located in the Guadalupe Mountains (92 territories), Manzanita Mountains (60), Navajo Dam area (44), Caja del Rio area (25), and the Quebradas area (25); smaller but significant concentrations (10 to 17 territories) are in the Organ Mountains, San Andres NWR, the La Plata area, the Ladron Mountains, the Counselor area, near Glenwood, and in the vicinity of Zuni. There is little evidence of increasing or decreasing trends for the Gray Vireo in New Mexico, although BBS data suggest that declines may be occurring in the northern part of the state. Gray Vireos breed in pinyon pine-Utah juniper woodlands, oneseed juniper savannas, mixed juniper- oak woodlands, and desert riparian communities. Gray Vireos typically nest in juniper trees, although other tree and shrub species are used.
    [Show full text]
  • Journal of Caribbean Ornithology Vol. 33:22–32. 2020
    Journal of Caribbean Ornithology RESEARCH ARTICLE Vol. 33:22–32. 2020 Woodland size and vegetation effects on resident and non-resident woodland birds in Bermuda Miguel Mejías Erica Nol Photo: LeShun Smith Journal of Caribbean Ornithology jco.birdscaribbean.org ISSN 1544-4953 RESEARCH ARTICLE Vol. 33:22–32. 2020 birdscaribbean.org Woodland size and vegetation effects on resident and non-resident woodland birds in Bermuda Miguel Mejías1 and Erica Nol2 Abstract Human colonization on oceanic islands typically has disastrous consequences for indigenous flora and fauna. Since settlement in 1612, the native evergreen forest on the island of Bermuda has been fragmented by development and largely re- placed by exotic trees, with unclear consequences for woodland birds. We quantified the number of woodland birds using mod- ified point counts in 28 woodlands on Bermuda, from 24 March to 9 April 2014. We examined the impact of woodland size and vegetation features on total species richness and abundance of resident and non-resident woodland birds, and on abundance of the Bermuda population of White-eyed Vireos (Vireo griseus bermudianus). Woodland area had significant positive relationships with total species richness, total woodland bird abundance, and abundance of White-eyed Vireos. Similarly, species richness and abundance of non-resident woodland birds significantly increased with woodland area. None of the vegetation characteris- tics explained any of the woodland bird abundance metrics. Our results suggest that larger woodlands are essential habitats for supporting diverse and large communities of resident and non-resident woodland birds in Bermuda. Our study also highlights the adaptability of woodland birds, particularly the White-eyed Vireo, to exotic vegetation.
    [Show full text]