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5988 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE April 10 must do to insure peace, justice, and mor­ We must be done with common cause with genuine conviction, live by them, and include ality in our modern world, General Mac­ the Devil. them in our legacy to the world of our chil­ Arthur said: We must chart a course of honor and stand dren • • • it is a matter of loving and hat­ "The problem is basically theological • • • behind our youth who are, after all, the ing the proper things; a matter of rejecting 1t must be of the spirit if we are to save the America of tomorrow. that which is false in favor of that which fiesh." Mr. Rastvorov, whose words I have quoted is known to be true; of putting principle I submit that the great spirit of America previously, captures the problem in much before expediency, of cherishing universal should make itself heard in this particular more profound and lucid terms than my poor values rather than those of limited worth power permits. and application. It is a problem of stark instance. · · With your permission, I will quote the realism and honesty in the evaluation of It is time that we insist on justice, moral­ conclusion of his article: fact • • • the future will depend upon the ity, honesty, and integrity instead of just "[If the future] is to be productive in the instruments which we are able to bring to talking about it. sense that there is a spreading and diffusion its solution; our moral conviction, our vision, We must expose the Russians for what of those values upon which our civilization our wisdom, and our will." they are. is founded and from which it draws its I am confident that if and when the spirit We must ban them from the 1956 Olympic strength, it will only be because we who are of America shall make itself heard, we will games. the present custodians embrace them with not let our young people down.

of the aisle, have long known his ability, GENERAL AGREEMENT ON TARIFFS HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES judgment, and courage. AND TRADE So have the people of New England. TUESDAY, APRIL 10, 1956 Mr. BAILEY. Mr. Speaker, I ask Now a nationwide constituency is wak­ unanimous consent to address the House The House met at 12 o'clock noon. ing up to the fact that JoHN McCoRMACK for 1 minute. The Chaplain, Rev. Bernard Braskamp, is the logical candidate of the Democratic The SPEAKER. Is there objection to D. D., oifered the following prayer: Party for the highest responsibility and the request of the gentlema:n from West honor that this powerful country can Virginia? God of all grace and goodness, inspire confer. There was no objection. us now to wholeheartedly dedicate and Two weeks from today, on April 24, in Mr. BAILEY. Mr. Speaker, I have devote our capacities and talents, our the Bay State presidential primary, his asked for this time in to advise energies and resources, to the best pos­ name will be written in by tens of thou­ my colleagues of the House that I am sible use in solving eifectively and rightly sands of voters, serving notice to the Na­ today introducing a resolution directing our many national and international tion that the Democrats want a candi­ the House Committee on Ways and problems. - date of national stature, and one who is Means to undertake an investigation and We penitently confess that we are fre­ thoroughly familiar with all the domestic study of the General Agreement on quently indiiferent and satisfied with and international problems that require Tariffs and Trade. I will be joined in doing and giving our second best for the best in leadership. this efiort by my distinguished colleague those causes which · challen~e and de­ The popular demand in New England the gentleman from Maine [Mr. HALE] mand the conse.cration of our noblest for McCORMACK for President will mush­ who will introduce the same resolution. manhood and womanhood. room to national proportions in the The Members of the House must be Encourage us to go forward bravely weeks to come. aware that we are being asked under the and fearlessly in the great .adventure of Our House majority leader is not the ·provisions of H. R. 5550 to approve building for humanity a new world of kind to promote himself. He is too busy United States membershtp in this agree­ righteousness and justice, of peace and with the great demands of his position, . ment in an indirect way through the ap­ good will. · - _plus the conscientious attention he gives proval of the Organization for. Trade May we have with.in u13 m01:e o~ the to the people of his Boston district, to Cc>0pera t'ion. · . - · faith and fortitude . of the Founding -think in terms .of personal ambition. Fathers and daily bear witness to a spirit But he cannot escape the call of those May I advise n:iy colleagu~s· that I have which places its confidence in the Lord asked for 1 hour on Thursday of this who recognize his magnificent services to week, and I will be joined by some 10 o·r God omnipotent: the Nation. 12 Members on both sides o_f the aisl~. to Hear us in the name of the Captain of JOHN McCORMACK is a lawyer and a try to explain to the Members of the our Salvation. Amen. .war veteran. Congress why we should not enter into The Journal of the proceedings of yes­ . He had to make his way in life through this agreement until we know just what terday was read and approved. sheer ability, determination, and .a faith commitments have been made and how in those eternal verities that make him far Congress has been bound by the a fighter for human decency and human General Agreement on Tariifs and Trade. DEMOCRATS BOO.M McCORMACK freedom. FOR PRESIDENT . Through the Massachusetts House and Massachusetts Senate, he rose to the po­ THEf LATE HA~ETT S'. WARD Mr. LANE. Mr. Speaker, I ask unarii- · sition of majority leader in the United The SPEAKER. The Chair recog­ mous consent to address the House for · States House of Representatives which nizes the gentleman from North Caro­ 1 minute. he has held by the common consent and lina [Mr. BONNER]. The SPEAKER. Is there objection to warm approval of his colleagues for a Mr. BONNER. Mr. Speaker. it is my the request of the gentleman from Mas­ total of many years. sad duty to announce the passing of a sachusetts? In war and in peace, he has proved farmer Member of the House of Repre­ -There was no objection. equal to every occasion. ·sentatives, Hon. Hallett S. Ward, who Mr. LANE. Mr. Speaker, it started in Few men in the whole history of Con­ served here during the 67th. Congress. Massachusetts about a week ago among gress have had his knowledge_of both .. Mr. Ward was born in Gates County, the niany friendi; and supporters .of sides to every vexing problem in Natio:r:ial Post and Times ·· The· SPEAKER. ·Is there objection to deliberations. Herald: the request of the gentleman from North This problem was recognized as one of [From the Danville (Ill.) Commercial-News] Dakota? merit by the Pepartment of_ Agriculture ·There was no objection. · through the constant and persistent efforts HARRY M. MOSES A great rock of a man, with a nobility of Mr. BURDICK. Mr. Speaker, -I have of John and Bertha Entrikin. until the De­ often wondered if Mr. Eisenhower was partment of Agriculture issued status 32 per­ heart to match his stature, has been removed mitting the distribution of surplus food to from· Danville and the ·national scene with actually the President of the United low-wage earners, pensioners, etc. The in­ the death of Harry M. Moses. States: There is strong evidence her.e tent was good but the motive was used as The obituaries told that he was a "close now, if newspaper reports -ean be relied a political football. The result, ·suffering friend" of John L. Lewis-indeed, the only upon, that he is not. Here is the head­ man "Old John" would sit down and .negoti­ and hardship, causing millions of citizens line in the Evening Star1 Washing~on, to ask, "Where is that prosperity and that ate with in the last few years. He was also D. C., which appeared recently: ''Ben- $117 every citizen is supposeEi to have?·" a close friend to many others. son Will Not Accept Farm Bill." · Gentlemen, reverse your positions, place Although he spent less and less .sustained yourselves in the place of the low-wage earn­ time in Danville in recent years, he was here I always thought Ezra was simply the ers, old-age pensioners, etc., and be gov• on many fiying visits to see his mother and mouthpiece of the President, but I evi­ erned accordingly. sister, Mrs. Tom Moses and Mrs. Harold T. dently was wrong. He-says he will not . We request that legislation be enacted Leverenz . accept the farm bill as worked out by calling for the distribution of all surplus Mr. Moses was stricken by that cruel the conferees. I guess that settles it. food, above that required by law to be held killer--cancer. He had been seriously ill and ·There is :rio use trying to see the Pres~­ for emergencies, to the aforementioned peo­ in much pain for weeks. T:qe son of Tom dent, which I was tempted to do, as a ple until the supply now in storage be re­ Moses who rose from a mule driver in the duced to the level required by law. We are old Bunsenville mine to general superin­ veto of the 90 percent of parity will make now, as y-0u well know, overtaxed, and the tendent of the United States Fuel Co., Harry the vote picking f.Q.r the· Republicans a part required for cost of storage can be used Moses knew the terrible labor conditions ·precarious undertakin·g. I hope some­ for other purposes. which ·once existed in the industry. ·one, either Mr. Hall, or someone in­ Remove the pangs of· hunger and you re­ Although he wound up on the manage­ _terested in the Republican Party, will go move 75 percent of juvenile delinquency· and ment side of the business, he knew from down and see M_r. Eisenhower and sug­ 50 percent of broken homes. Try it and see . personal experience what the current hit . gest to him in a roundabout way that he, if the results will not justify the means. song, Sixteen Tons, meant. It was this Storage costs mount, starvation increases knowledge which made him invaluable in .Mr. Eisenhower, is the President, and not .mortality. Reduce both by fair and proper dealing with Lewis. And it was mutual trust Mr. Benson. · legislation. and understanding which .. enabled these two Ezra thinks because the National · ·Yours respectfully; to bring peace in a turbulent industry. Farm Bureau is out to skin the farm­ FACT FINDING COJ,\!MITTEE OF FRIENDS He was the first president of the operators' ers-which it has- been doing for some NEIGHBORLY SERVICE CLUB, association and as such worked out 3 time-that the sentiment· of the farm V.'ILLIAM N. GALBRETH, Chairman. industrywide labor contracts with Lewis, belt is all for Benson's support. The 1956 CONGRESSIONAL .RECORD - HOUSE 5991 funny part of that is that not all the CITATION CONFERRED UPON HON. Mr. McCORMACK. Mr. Speaker, I State Farm Bureaus are following the SAM RAYBURN, SPEAKER OF THE offer a privileged resolution (H. Res. 457) National Farm Bureau in reference to HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES and ask for its immediate consideration. support prices. I do not know how many The Clerk read as follows: States have parted company with their Mr. McCORMACK. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to address the Whereas Representative PAUL J. KILDAY, a. parent organization, but I know that the Member of this House, has been served with North Dakota Farm Bureau is for sup­ House for 1 minute and to revise and a subpena to appear as a witness before the port prices. Anyway, Mr. Benson is extend my remarks. United States District Court for the District adamant and arrogant and wants his The SPEAKER. Is there objection to of Columbia, to ·testify at Washington, D. C., way-but the only way he should have is the request of the gentleman from Mas­ on the 16th of April 1956, in the case of the his way out of the Department of Agri­ sachusetts? United States of America v. Aldo Lorenzo culture. There was no objection. Icardi, Criminal Case No. 821-55; and Mr. McCORMACK. Mr. Speaker, last Whereas by the privileges of the House no Benson's howl about surplus is the Member is authori-zed to appear and testify, most unfair claim that could be ima­ night on the occasion of the Bataan Day dinner at the grand ballroom of the but by order of the House: Therefore be it gined, so far as North Dakota is con­ Resolved, That Representative PAUL J. KIL• cerned. North Dakota raises her spring Mayflower Hotel in Washington, D. C., DAY is authorized to appear in response to the wheat and there is not now, and never our distinguished and beloved Speaker, subpena of the United States District Court has been a surplus of that kind of wheat. the gentleman from Texas. [Mr. RAY­ for the District of Columbia in the case of the Bread cannot be successfully made BURN], was signally honored by the-Gov­ United States of America v. Aldo Lorenzo without a good portion of hard spring ernment of the by having lcardi at such time as when the House is not · wheat, and many times in recent years conferred upon him the great honor of sitting in session; and be it further importations of hard spring .wheat from the Order of Sikatuna, Lakan Class, Resolved, That as a respectful answer to which is the first time anyone who is a the subpena a copy of this resolution be sub­ were permitted to accommodate mitted to the said court. millers. Any State that raises winter nonresident of the· Philippine Islands has wheat does not produce hard spring had this great honor conferred upon The resolution was agreed to, and a wheat. The Western Pacific States him. motion to reconsider was laid on the raise a variety that is much harder I wish to extend at the close of the table. than the Kansas, Oklahoma, and Texas legislative RECORD today, in the body of Mr. SHORT. Mr. Speaker, I rise to a wheat, but yet it does not fill the the RECORD, the address delivered by my question of privilege of the House. bill. · If there is a surplus of the kind valued.friend an<;l our former colleague, The SPEAKER. The gentleman will of wheat we produce in North Dakota Gen. Carlos P. -Romulo, and also the ad­ state it. will Mr. Benson tell us just where it is? dress by our distinguished and beloved Mr. SHORT. Mr. Speaker, I have In his figures on hard wheat he puts the Speaker, together with a copy of the been subpenaed to appear before the .Pacific States wheat on a par with our citation. United States District Court for the Dis·­ hard spring wheat, and adding those two The SPEAKER. Is there objection? . trict of Columbia, to testify on Monday, figures together and classifying it all as There was no objection. April 16, 1.956,. at 9 o'clock a. m., in the our kind· of wheat, there is a surplus. I case of the United States of America repeat again that there is no surplus of against Aldo Lorenzo Icardi. Under the hard ·spring wheat. UNITED STATES v. !CARDI precedents of the House, I am unable to · But Mr. Benson says the present bill is Mr.' KILDAY. Mr. Speaker, I rise to a ·comply with this subpena without the nbt 'satisfactor,y . to hiin, so' it looks as ·question of the privilege of the Ho,u$e. consent of· the House, the· privileges of though ·a commissar of' Russia is running r;rhe SPEAKEf:t. The gentleman ·will ·· the House being involved. - I, therefore, · our . farm: business. There' seems "to be state it. · submit the matter for the consideration a gr:owing tendency here in Washington Mr. KILDAY. . Mr. Speaker, I have of this body. for the bur~aus to take over the func­ been subpenaed to appear before . the ' Mr. Speaker, I send to the desk the tions of government, and 'Mr.- Benson~s United States Dfatrict Court for the D1s- subpena. attitude is proof of this tendency. If trict of Columbia, to testify on Monday, The SPEAKER. The Clerk will read this bureau' chief can dictate all laws April 16, 1956, at 9 o'clock a. m., in the the subpena". pertaining to agriculture, we could very case of the United States of America The Clerk read as follows: well get along without a President or a against Aldo·Lorenzo Icardi. Under the UNITED STATES DrsTRICT CoURT FOR THE Drs- Congress. We still have a Congress, but precedents of the House, I am unable to TRicT oF CoLuMBrA-UNITED STATES oF we appear to have a President who takes comply with this subpena without the AMERICA v. ALDO LORENZO !CARDI, CRiMINAL his agricultural signals .. from . Benson, consent of tlie House, the privileges of CASE No. 821-55 hook, line, and sinker. I think this sit­ the H'ouse befog involved. I, therefore, Spa ad tes.t: Court of Chief Judge Laws. uation exists and I therefore predict a submit the matter for the consideration The President of the United States to Hon. veto on ·the farm bill Which the con­ of this body. . : DEWEY SHORT, Committee on Armed Services, ferees have worked out. If the· bill is United States House of Representatives, Mr. Speaker, I send to the desk the capitol, Washington; n. c., or 2811 34th vetoed there will be no farm bill. It subpena. Place, Washington 7, D. C.: could, I think, be passed over the veto in The SPEAKER. The Clerk will· read You are hereby commanded to attend the the House, but in the Senate it could not the subpena. . · said court on Monday, April 16, 1956, at 9 pass, ·as many Republicans will sustain The Clerk read as follows: o'clock a. m., to t.estify on behalf of the the President on the ground of party United States, and not depart the court loyalty, and if that is not sufficient, the UNITED STATES DrsTRICT COURT FOR THE Ors- without leave of the court or the district President can round . up his 13 nemo-. TRICT OF COLUMBIA-UNITED STATES : OF attorney. cratic .Senators, and thus· prevent the AMERICA v. ALDO LORENZO !CARDI (CRIMINAL . Witness the' Honorable Bolitha J. Laws, CASE No. 821-55~ chief judge of sai<;i court, this 22d date of pass_age of th~ bill. 1 ,. With no farm bill, what will the sit­ Spa ad t~st: Court of Chief Judge Laws. ; March 'A. D. 1956. The President of the United States to Hon. .HARRY M. HULL, Clerk. uation · be? A great many Republican PAUL J. KILDAY, Committee on Armed Serv­ By JOHN c. CROGAN, Members who have rendered valuable .. ices, Uriited States House of Representatives, · Deputy Clerk. service to the farm people will be mowed Capitol, Washington, D. C ., or 3507 Albe­ down by the resentment which a veto marie Street NW., Washington 8', D. C.: Mr. McCORMACK. Mr. Speaker, I of the farm bill will fan into ·a blaze in You are hereby commanded to attend the offer a privileged resolution (H. Res. 458) the farm belt. said court on Monday, April 16, 1956, at 9 and ask for its immediate consideration. If .the resentment were confined to o'clock a. m., to testify on behalf of the The Clerk read as follows: farmers alone, .the situation would be United . States, and. not depart the court without leave of the court or the district Whereas Representative DEWEY SHORT, a. bad, but riot dangerous; but· remember attorney. · Member of this House, has been served with in .States like North Dakota small towns Witness, the Honorable Bolitha J. Laws, a subpena to appear as a witness before the and even our largest cities are engaged chief judge of said court, this 22d day of United States District Court for the District in rendering a needed service to farmers, March, A. D. 1956 . . of Columbia, to testify at Washington, D. C., and the businessmen know they cannot HARRY M. HULL, Clerk. on the 16th of April 1956, in the case of the get any money until the farmers get it By JOHN c. CROGAN, United States of America v. Aldo Lorenzo first. Deputy Clerk. Icardi, Criminal Case No. 821-55; and 5992 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-· HOUSE April 10 Whereas by the privileges of the House The Army is authorized $304,562,000 the committee, the ·purchase of this huge no Member is authorized to appear and tes­ .!or operational, training, maintenance, amount of land by the military fore es of tify, but by order of the House: Therefore and production facilities; also medical, the country is necessary in order that be it " administrative, and housing facilitfos. we may have room for our guided missile Resolved, That Representative DEWEY SHORT is ·authorized to appear in response- to This amount includes an authorization testing. However, this continuous and the subpena of the United .States District for the expansion and improvement of continual accumulation of land by the Court for the District of Columbia in the -the NIKE defense facilities of the con­ .united States Government is a matter case of the United States of America v. Aldo tinen.tal United States and key overseas that should give us grave concern, and Lorenzo Icardi at such time as when the bases, and facilities in support of the I hope will be watched closely in the House is not sitting in session; and be it intermediate range ballistics missile pro­ future. further gram. I want to also call to the attention of Resolved, That as a respectful answer to $401,194,000. the House, as mentioned by the gentle­ the subpena a copy of this resolution be sub­ The Navy is authorized mitted to the said court. · · The funds will be used to modernize its man from New York, that this bill car­ shore establishment, for the develop.:. ·ries authorization. for the so-called The resolution was agreed to, and a ment of several strategic overseas sta­ SAGE program, . the program for semi­ motion to reconsider was laid on the tions, and to replace certain badly de.:. ·automatic ground environment, air de­ table. teriorated structures. Authorization is fense system, and IRBM radar system also included to establish 4 new instal­ setup so that we can automatically de­ FACILITATING THE CONSTRUCTION ·1ations and to make engineering studies f end the United States through the use OF CERTAIN DRAINAGE PROJECTS with respect to 3 other installations. of guided missiles and so forth and so - The Air Force is authorized $1,137,- on, so that approaching aircraft may · Mr. ENGLE. Mr. Speaker, I ask 280,000. Of this amount $80,942,000 is be traced through this automatic sys­ unanimous consent to take from the for the continental aircraft control and tem. This matter was given consider­ Speaker's table the bill (H. R. 6268) to fa­ warning system which includes the so­ ·able attention not only by the Commit-:­ cilitate the construction of drainage called SAGE project, the semiautomatic tee on Armed Services but by individ­ works and other minor items on Fed• ground-environment air-defense system: ual Members of the House and by the eral reclamation and like projects, with S3Veral new sections were added to ·Committee on Rules. And, I am happy a Senate- amendment · thereto, disagree the bill. One section is designed to in:. to be able to report to the House this to the amendment of the Senate, and crease construction efficiency by the use afternoon that as the result of the dis• ask for a conference with the Senate. of modular design. Another section pro­ cussioris that took place between the The Clerk read the title of the bill. ·vides that family housing to be con­ leadership of the House and the leader­ The SPEAKER. Is there objection to structed for military and civilian person­ ship· of the Committee on Armed Serv­ the request of the gentleman from Cali­ nel must be justified b.y the Armed Serv­ ices and between the members of the fornia? [After a pause.] The Chair ices Committee; and a third section per­ ·Committee on Rules and the discussion hears none and appoints the following mits the purchase by the Government that took place during the hearings on conferees: Messrs. ENGLE, ASPINALL, of Wherry housing· projects which, it is this bill between the leadership and the METCALF, SAYLOR, and BERRY. pointed out in the committee report, will members of the Committee on Armed effect large savings. · .Services, the gentleman from Georgia The bill as originally presented to­ [Mr. VINSON], the chairman of the Com:- AUTHORIZING CONSTRUCTION FOR taleQ. approximately $2,174,000,000 and -mittee ·on Armed Services, will off er an THE MILITARY DEPARTMENTS as reported totals $2,156;000,000, or a de­ amendment at the proper time in the Mr. DELANEY. Mr. Speaker, by direc­ crease of $18 million. consideration of this bill that will pro­ tion of the Committee on Rules, I call up In view of the large amount of money tect the interests of this country in con­ House Resolution 444 and ask for its involved, adequate tim~ is provided in nection with.the SAGE .program and will immediate considera,tion. the resolution for debate on this meas­ ·save hundreds of millions of dollars for The Clerk read the resolµtion, as ure and I urge the adoption of House the taxpa,yers of the Unitecj ~t~tes. follows: ·Resolution 444. Mr. Speaker, I think we have seen in Resolved, That upon the adoption of this Mr. BROWN of Ohio. Mr. Speaker, connection with this particular measure resolution it shall be in order to move that I yield myself such time as I may require. the responsibilities of the House and of the House resolve itself into the Committee Mr. Speaker, the gentleman from New ·its various committees are well met. '.I of the Whole House on the State of tha York has very ably and very well de­ want to congratulate at this time, if I Union for the consideration of the bill (H. R. scribed H. R. 9893 which the adoption , may, the majority leader of the House, 9893) to authorize certain construction at of this resolution, House Resolution 444, the gentleman from Massachusetts [Mr. military installations, and for other purposes, will make in order for consideration a and all points of order against said bill are . McCORMACK], who has taken a personal hereby waived. After general debate, which little later. interest in this matter, as well as an offi- shall be confined to the bill and continue This bill carries authorizations of ex­ . cial interest, and the chairman of the not to exceed 4 hours, to be equally divided pendittire of huge funds, -up into the Committee on Armed Services, the gen.­ and controlled by the chairman and ranlcing billions of dollars, for military con­ tleman from Georgia [Mr. VINSON], as minority member of the Committee on Armed struction of different types throughout well as the members of the Committee Services, the blll shall be read for amend­ the country and the world. Members on Rules, who joined with him and with ment under the 5-minute rule. At the con­ who may be interested · in checking clusion of the consideration of the bill for . the gentleman from Massachusetts in amendment, the committee shall riee and re­ the authorizations for military construe- · working out this agreed amendment for port the bill to the House with such amend­ . tion within their own States will find in the benefit of the United States of ments as may have been adopted, and the this very able report the complete list­ . America. . previous question shall be considered as ing by States, starting on page 34. Mr. DELANEY. Mr. Speaker, I have ordered on the bill and amendments thereto The bill contains several -items or pro­ no further requests for time. to final passage without intervening' motion visions or authorizations that have been Mr. 'BROWN of Ohio. Mr. Speaker, I except one motion to recommit. the cause of some concern to a number have no further requests for time. Mr. DELANEY. Mr. Speaker, I yield of us and was gone into rather thor­ Mr. DELANEY. Mr. Speaker, I move 3·0 minutes of my time to the gentleman oughly by the Committee on Armed the previous question. from Ohio [Mr. ·BROWN], and at this - Services and by the Committee on The previous question was ordered. time I yield myself such time as I may Rules. One of the thirigs that I would The resolution was. ~greed to. . consume. . like to call to your attention which is Mr. Speaker, House Resolution 444 contained in this bill is the .provision · provides for an open rule, waiving points for the purchase of new acreage in the ABSENCE OF A QUORUM of order against the bill, and would allow -United States by -the -military forces of Mr. KILBURN. Mr. Speaker, I make 4 hours of general debate on the bill. a total of 749,099 acres of land to be · the point of order th.at l:I, quor_um is not The total of all authorizations granted owned by the Government of the United _present. in the bill is $2,156,730,000; $133,394,000 · States. The amount of land now owned 'l'he SPEAKER. The Chair will coun.t. is to cover the increased cost of projects by the Government is amazingly and . Mr. KILl3URN . . Mr. Speaker, I with­ previously authorized. alarmingly large. Yet, as explained by draw the point of order. 1956 CONGRESSIONA~ - RECORD- HOUSE 5993 AUTHORIZING .CONSTRUCTION FOR dent. At. the appiopriate time I will of~ : There are about 400 named instaila-· THE MILITARY DEPAETMENTS fer an amendment to strike from the bill tions in this 'bill, the greatest number of Mr VINSON. Mr. Spea'ket, · I move the authorizing language for the $72 mil-. them, of course, in the Air Force section. that the House resolve itself into the lion which was the subject of Senate bill And there are about 2~ 700 individual line Committee of the Whole House on the 3452. This will leave the bill with a net items. State of the Union for the consideration authorization of $2,'0'84~730,000. In order that this number of trees of the bill 'CH. R. 9893) to authorize cer­ It has alway.s been my view that wheri wouldn't cause the House to lose ,sight of tain construction at military instaua~ the Congress is faced with a bill of this the-forest, I had the committee report tions, y far the largest share of the radars. Height finders are· necessary c~anged m type and miss10n as to be · program, $188 million. The table shows because most radars do-not give altitude. virtually a fifth new base. · . that the strategic Air Command is next Third, are the small gap-:filler radars These new Navy bases are set. out ~n · in order followed by the Aircraft Control between the large radars. These cover page 25 ~f th~ ~el?or~. 'J!lere ~s 1 .m and warning System. the areas which the large radar equip- Maine, 1 m Mississip!-l~· 1 m Cah~ornta, starting at the bottom of page 12 of ment cannot see. and 1 in North Carolma. You ~ill als~ the report, the missions and principal Fourth, with respect to civilian planes, note that amoung the n~w bases is a fly- elements of the various command pro- flight plans and other information are ing field for the Naval Acade~y a.t Anna- grams begin with the Air Defense Com- · released from the Civil Aeronautics Ad- polis. ~his ~as not bee;ri pmpo_mted as mand first followed by the Air Materiel ministration :(light centers. . to locat10n smce, the bil~ provides ~u- command and so forth. On page 17, the Fifth, for military aircraft, similar in­ thority for a SJ?_eci'.11 locati~m study with program is again broken down by types formation is relayed from the military respect to this mstallation and two of things to be constructed. As would flight service. others...... be expected, operational and training The sixth source is the pine tree line. Shipyard f~c~llties of. . a~l kmds. ~~tal facilities comprise the largest part of This is -the name given that part of the about $45 milllon. Aviat10n facihties, the program-$354 million, or 31 per- radar fence which laps over into Canada. which comprise over 50 percent 0.f _the cent of the total. Research and devel- Seventh, there are our early warning program, calls for over $205 mi~h?n. opment is next in size followed by hous- lines. One is the Mid-Canada line, Supply facilities have about $19 milll~m ing and community facilities. sometimes called the McGill line, which and the Marine Corps gets over $23 mil- The direction · of the Air Force pro- extends across Canada from British Co­ lion. The rest of the breakdown by type gram is well pointed up by the fact that lumbia to Newfoundland. The other is will be found on page 10 of the repo~~ ~n- administrative facilities comprise only the Dew line-distant early warning­ der the headings of ordnance facillties, eight-tenths of 1 percent of the total which extends for some 3,000 miles across service school facilities, and s_o forth.. program. the top of Alaska and Canada. Section 202 of th_e Navy qill was m- Much of the operational and training Eighth, there are radars in southern serted by the committee for the purpose category is for airfield pavements, prin- Alaska. of authorizin? .a special .study to find a cipally runway additions for both fight- Ninth, there are Navy picket ships proper bombmg target m the Norfolk, ers and bombers: Almost all of this ad- along the Atlantic and Pacific coasts. V!l., area; and objective examination of ditional pavement is made necessary by Tenth, supplementing the covei:age ~t the Pdrt Chicago', Ca~if., nav~l ma~azine reason of the ~52's coming into pro- sea, are the constellation early warning which has been a subJect of discuss10n by duction together with the so-called and control planes which fly out of New­ the c_ommittee for over a year; ai:id the Century series fighter planes. These are foundland and Alaska. location of the John H. Towers Field at the F-100 F-102 and so forth. Eleventh, is the radar on the Texas Annapolis which I mentioned before. ' ' SAGE towers which are built on ocean shoals The Navy would be granted authorityt f As you are aware, the-project called off the Atlantic seaboard. to acquire 713,000 acres a t a cos o over SAGE has received a great deal of public The 12th source of information is the $47 ~Ilion under this bill. Over half discussion. Because the committee real- Ground Observer Corps. of this land is required for two installa-· b ized the importance of SAGE in our de- The 13th source of i·nformati'on is the tions, Fallon, Nev. and the marme.f oth ase fense system, it made a very specia· 1 Ai'r Weather Servi·ce. In order to suc- at Twenty-nine Pa1 ms, Ca l1 · er AGE ·t If cessfully assign and guide weapons, we · ·t· f 11 study of it. I believe that S 2 se substantial acqms1 10ns are as o ows: is dealt with rather exhaustive1 y in the must know the weathei·. 32,500 acres for the new Navy b ase a t That i·s the Ai·r Defense System as a 1 f 9 00 f th committee report starting on page 18. Lemoore, Ca i ·; ,5 acres or e new However, since SAGE constit utes on 1y whole. What specific part does SAGE base at Meridian, Miss.; 32, 0-0 0 acres f or t ·t play in this system and exactly what is a bombing target to be used in conjunc- one portion of our air-defense sy~ em, i i"t?. 11 1 · must be considered in connection with tion with the· Jacksonvi· e Nava Air our . total defense system. I ·woul d , -.There ar,e three maJ'or elements to· Station. . therefore, like to take a few minutes to SAGE. F1"rst, there are d1"recti"on or com- I will deal with this land question for describe the defense system generally bat center buildings which house a huge each of the services a little later on. and the part that SAGE plays in it. electronic brain. Second, there are Am FORCE . What does SAGE mean? SAGE is a leased communication circuits which Title III of the bill covers the Air Force, short title derived from the words "semi- connect the rest of the air-defense activ­ As has been true for the past several automatic ground environment." Ac- ities with these combat centers. And years, the Air Force program exceeds tually, it is nothing more than a project third, there is equipment at the radar both of the other two services together. designed to shorten the time between the and other sites which converts the raw The Air Force would get $1,137,280,000; discovery of an enemy plane and the use information which is received into a form $661 million of this amount would be for of our planes and missiles to bring it which can be sent over the leased circuits. the United States, almost $313 million down. The idea behind SAGE is not In the SAGE system, there will be outside the United States, and $163 mil­ new. SAGE merely provides, as I have eight combat centers in the United lion under the category of classified con­ said, a semiautomatic operation of our States. These will, in turn, be divided struction. radar-warning system. It replaces, in into 32 subsectors. Each of the 40 sec­ · I mentioned previously that there were other words, the manual operation tors or subsectors will have a computer about 400 named military installations in which is now used. building with the electronic brain which the bill not counting the various classi­ The need for semiautomatic opera- I have mentioned. Each of these build­ fied locations which would add sub­ tion becomes evident when one considers ings will be of the blockhouse type and stantially to this number. The Air the great· volume of flight information will cost about $3 % million each. Force under the bill gets authority for. which must be poured into the system. At the risk of oversimplifying of what construction at 205 major installations Surprisingly enough~ this volume of ih- SAGE does, it can be said that all of the of which 144 are in the United States formation is just about as large in peace-· portions of the air-defense system which and 61 overseas. time as it is in wartime. The reason are in one way or another tied into SAGE

· , 1956 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 5995 will feed the SAGE system information. Administration to keep constant surveil­ This clears up the books in an -automatic The. large electronic brains· will assimi­ lance over the rates and to appear before fashion. late this information and provide the Federal and State :regulatory bodies to Section 411 merely extends and in­ military commanders invrization bill, and the Committee on task before him than does the gentleman :will cover the matter to the gentleman's Appropriations cannot go beyond the from Georgia [Mr. VINSON]. satisfaction. authorization. How fortunate this country is that we Mr. O'HARA of Illinois. Mr. Chair· Mr. O'HARA of Illinois. Then will the had his ~ervices during two world wars man, will the gentleman yield? chairman agree to an amendment to the and the Korean conflict, and most of all Mr. VINSON. I yield to the gentle· present bill that will furnish authoriza­ in this postwar period of transition and man from Illinois. tion for such an appropriation if later readjustment which in many respects is Mr. O'HARA of Illinois. I notice on the appropriation should be proposed? the most difficult period we have gone page 6 of the report reference is made Mr. VINSON. Well, I will have to see through in this country. I am not prone to the NIKE program, and it is stated the amendment and get all the facts. I to flattery nor do I indulge in fulsome­ it will be expanded. think if the gentleman will contact the ness. I do try to give credit where credit Mr. VINSON. Well, the Nike pro· committee counsel and myself and the is due. gram is a part of our overall defense gentleman from Missouri [Mr. SHORT], I happen to- know that the gentleman system. Nike is located in various cit· why, we may be able to dispense with an from Georgia and our able and faith! ul ies of the .country. We have to go in amendment and accomplish what he counsel, Mr. Kelleher, whom the gentle· and defend these communities, and buy wants. man assigned to this piece of legislation, properties. We have to rent homes Mr. O'HARA of Illinois. I appreciate spent endless hours going over these there, too, for the men to live in. That most thoroughly the fine cooperation of myriad projects-and there are hundreds is the system th-at detects incoming the distinguished gentleman, and wish of these posts and installations in this planes, and I am going to discuss all of him to know my gratitude. bill; there are thousands of items con· that a little bit later. Mr. BALDWIN. Mr. Chairman, will nected with each one of these particular Mr. O'HARA of Illinois. May I call the gentleman yield? projects spelled out in thick volumes of the chairman's attention to this, that in Mr. VINSON. I yield to the gentle· hearings and studies. For a whole week the district I have the honor to repre­ man from California. the House Armed Services Committee de­ sent the Nike installation has been Mr. BALDWIN. Mr. Chairman, I take voted itself to title I, the Army section of placed on the promontory in Jackson this opportunity to express the thanks the bill. For another whole week we de­ Park and while our people are willing to of the people of the Port Chicago area in wted our efforts to the consideration of make any sacrifice necessary for the na­ California for the consideration the gen· title II, the Navy section. Another week tional defense there is a feeling that the tleman from Georgia and his great com­ was devoted to the consideration of title installation could have been placed else­ mittee have given the problems of the III, the Air Force section of the bill. where advantageously or that in any Port Chicago naval ammunition center But long though we were in session as a event some comp:msation should be and your thoughtfulness in sending a full committee, from 10 to 12 in the made by the Federal Government to pro· subcommittee out into that area. And, morning and from 2 to 4 in the after- vide other recreational facilities to re· I want to take this opportunity also to ·noon scrutinizing with painstaking care place those destroyed. thank the gentleman from Illinois [Mr. and almost infinite patience, the gentle­ Mr. VINSON. Now, we are in this PRICE], the gentleman from Missouri man from Georgia as chairman of this kind of a position. In many communi· [Mr. SHORT], the gentleman from Okla­ important committee- and Mr. Kelleher ties that question arises, but the defense homa [Mr. WICKERSHAM], and the gen­ our counsel ~pent endless hours long be­ of this country is No. 1. It is the para­ tleman from Maryland [Mr. LANKFORD], fore the projects were brought to our mount duty of the Government to pro·· for the great study they have given to consideration in the bill now being dis­ vide adequate defense. If it takes Jack­ the problem and the thoughtful recom­ cussed. son Park to protect the great city of mendations that are included in their re .. So I am constrained to express my Chicago and that area, much as we port. The people in the area involved personal thanks and my admiration, and hate to disturb parks, they have to give appreciate the consideration you have I am sure I speak for all members of our way to the security of the Nation. shown them. Committee on the Armed Services as I Mr. O'HARA of Illinois. And the gen­ Mr. VINSON. And I want to take this do for· the entire membership of this tleman will agree with me that the Fed­ opportunity, Mr. Chairman, to thank the House when I say we shall forever feel eral Government should play fair with distinguished gentleman from Cali­ indebted to the gentleman from Georgia the municipal governments and the park fornia for his cooperation, aid, and as­ for his long and distinguished career in districts? sistance in trying to work out a solution this body and for the valuable contribu­ . Mr. VINSON. Yes; and I think the of this naval magazine problem in his tions he has made not only to our na­ Government does play fair. If they saw district. tional defense but to the strength in some of these prices we have to pay, why, Mr. GROSS. Mr. Chairman, will the every way of our great Nation. they would have no complaint. gentleman yield? You know the dean of the Congress Mr. ·O'HARA of Illinois. Does the gen· Mr. VINSON. I yield to the gentle· who served longer than anyone else was tleman know that no money has been man from Iowa. the late Adolph Sabath, of Illinois, who ·paid Jackson Park and that there is no Mr. GROSS. I notice we still have served in this body for 46 years. But I money to recondition the property for Mr. Truman's airbase with us in this want to remind the Members of the the recreational use of the people? bill, Grandview, Mo. ~ House that our beloved Speaker and the Jackson Park represents a large invest­ Mr. VINSON. I am not going to let distinguished gentleman from Georgia ment of the money of the people of my the gentleman get me off on that now, are now rounding out 44 years of service community. ·Why should its lands and but we are all cocked and primed to give in this body. Sam was elected in a regu­ facilities be taken over without even a the gentleman all that information when lar election and Garl came to Washing­ gesture toward paying a token of what the bill is considered under the 5-minute ton in the same Congress in a special would be paid a private owner? rule. I said to my able assistant, Mr. election about 6 months later; but both Mr. VINSON. If the gentleman will Kelleher, "You be sure to get me all the of them are now challenging the all­ come by the committee, we will help you information about Mr. Truman's air· time record established by the gentleman get Jackson Park straightened out But base.'' So ·we will have it here. from Illinois for length of service in this we have to have Nike sites in the Clii· Mr. SHORT. Mr. Chairman, I yield body. We hope they will excel it. I cago area. myself 35 minutes. believe they will. 1956 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE · 5999 · Mr. COLE. Mr. Chairman, will the or $136.9 million,.is for tactical facilities. in the locations of ordnance depots and gentleman yield? This includes what is known as Nike magazines, is dealt with in detail. Mr. SHORT. I yield to the gentle­ sites, both in the continental United THE NAVY man from New York. States and at key bases overseas. As Mr. COLE. I am curious to know if many of the Members know, they are The next part of the bill is title II, the gentleman knows of any way by located in defense of our principal in­ for the Navy. The Navy title totals which those of us who share the thoughts dustrial centers and major metropolitan $401 million. 'I'his amount will enable he has just expressed, indicating the high areas. An additional $8.5 million, or 2.7 the Navy to ·take another · step forward esteem in which the gentleman from percent, is included for support facilities in its planning to keep its shore estab­ Georgia [Mr. VINSON], chairman of the in the continental United States. lishment in phase with the modern Committee on the Armed Services, is held In addition to the above amount, $36.6 ships, aircraft, weapons, and equipment by all his colleagues, can join him in million or 12 percent, is for construction which it must operate and service. making certain those 44 years of service in support of the Army's expanded role Under this program the Navy would may be extended to not less than 50 in guided Inissile, ballistic missile and get authority to build nearly 400 units years of service. rocket development. This request in­ of family housing at isolated overseas Mr. SHORT. Mr. Chairman, · I am cludes $25 million in support of the stations-they would get their family trying in my feeble way to do that now. IRBM, intermediate range ballistic Inis­ housing at continental stations under I am willing to contribute in any possi­ sile. Members will find more details on other provisions of law outside this pub­ ble way from my small substance or of the Nike and IRBM on pages 6 and 7 of lic works bill-and to build bachelor my small talents to see that that is con­ the committee report. quarters for about 2,300 officers and summated, and I think that all other Some $22 million or 7.2 percent of the about 30,400 barracks spaces for en­ Members of this body likewise would be program is for troop and family housing listed personnel. That last figure for happy to assist in any way. The gentle­ and community support facilities. The barracks spaces is relatively high for a man from Georgia, I have discovered a Members will note that this request in­ Navy program. It is due chiefly to their long time ago, is fairly capable of taking cludes only 3,875 enlisted men's barracks need to replace old, run-down barracks care of himself under any and all cir­ spaces and 196 units of family housing, which were built during World War II cumstances. The sum of $14.5 million, or 4.8 percent, to last for the duration, but which they Mr. Chairman, anything I may say is for facilities in support of Army avia­ have made do only with mounting main­ after the exhaustive and lucid analysis tion. tenance costs. In fact, about 20 per­ of the different sections of this bill would Some 15.9 percent or $48.3 million, is cent of the whole Navy program is for be repetitious. I know that a lot of for overseas construction, exclusive of the replacement of worn out structures. statistics and figures are not very ro­ tactical facilities, in Okinawa, Alaska, I should say here that thP.. biggest re­ mantic, entrancing or interesting to the Caribbean, Hawaii, , United placement project is that at the Naval general public. But if the Members of Kingdom, and Italy. Hospital, Great Lakes, Ill. At that lo­ this body could have gone through this The remaining $37.7 million or 12.4 cation the temporary. wood constructed particular measure and could have lis­ percent, is for essential construction of hospital wards, built in 194J, are to be tened to all the hearings I think they facilities in the fields of research and replaced with a permanent hospital. would have found the story as it is writ­ development, training, medical, and This will cost an approximate amount ten in our excellent report, and from communications necessary to the accom­ of $13 million. It will provide hospital what we have been told today, is a very plishment of the Army's mission. care to Army, Navy, and Air Force per­ interesting and a very fascinating one. You will find on page 3 of the com­ sonnel serving in the area and their de­ Certainly it is a story that cannot be mittee report, the Army's program pendents-a population of nearly 70,• told too often in these critical days. broken out in detailed categories. It in­ 000 persons. . Mr. Chairman, this is what is termed dicates whether the construction is in The introduction of greater numbers a public works bill. It provides in this the continental United States or over­ of high-performance jet aircraft into the authorization $304,562,000 for the Army; seas. Underneath that table, you will fleet has resulted, directly and indirectly, $401,194,000 for the Navy; and $1,137,- note that each of the technical services in the Navy's plan to establish three new 280,000 for the Air Force. These and each of the continental armies is air installations and to activate a new amounts, together with Title IV, Housing dealt with individually by the type of jet seaplane base at the site of a small Authority and Emergency Construction, facilities to be constructed and the por­ World War II seaplane station. The in the amount of $180,300,000, totals tion of the program it represents. This only other new installation is an impor­ $2,023,336,000. continues over to page 4, where the Mil­ tant naval radio station in northeast In addition to the authorizations listed itary District of Washington, the Armed United States similar to the one we au­ above, the bill through amendments to Forces special weapons project, and thorized a decade ago at Jim Creek in prior public-works laws to cover in­ other items are described as well as over­ Washington. One of ·the important creased construction costs, grants ad­ seas areas. things about these new· installations, ditional authorizations to the. Army in Section 102 of the bill contains an with the possible exception of one, is the the amount of $510,000; to the Navy in authorization of $188,783,000 million, for evidence that the communities where the amount of $1,250,000; and to the classified military construction, and sec­ they are to be located want them. The Air Force in the amount of $131,759,000. tion 103 provides an increase of $485,000 one for which there may be some doubt The grand total of all authorizations in authorization to meet deficiencies of the community's desire would not be granted by this bill is, therefore, $2,156,- granted under the provisions of prior definitely located without the concur­ 730,000. public works laws for construction at rence of the Senate and House Armed This bill was considered by the Com­ Fort Jay, N. Y., and at Adak, Alaska. Services Committees. There is a provi­ mittee on Armed Services over a period Section 104 of the bill declares as sion in this bill that would require the of about a month. There are more than permanent installations, Camp Gordon, Navy to have a study made of possible 300 named military installations in the Ga.; Fort Jackson, S. C.; Camp Stewart, sites and to come back to those two com­ bill, and in addition, there are a great Ga.; Camp Chaffee, Ark.; and Fort Leon­ mittees with recommendations for the number of unnamed classified installa­ ard Wood, Mo. The reasons for taking best solution of this problem. That pro­ tions inside and outside continental this action is dealt with at length on vision is in section 202 of the bill, which United States. pages 5 and 6 of the committee report. also directs the Navy to have studies From the above, it is obvious that the I am happy to report that the Secretary made and to submit their recommenda­ presentation of details with respect to of the Army, on March 21, 1956, by a tions to the committees relative to two the bill would take a long time. We general order, has declared these same other controversial land-acquisition think you will find material to aid you named installations permanent. projects which are not included in the in seeing what the committee had in Section 103 of the bill authorizes the bill but have been deferred pending mind, and the scope of their inquiries, Secretary of the Army to proceed with completion of the study. fr~rp the report that we have filed. studies and planning relative to the One of the aspects of defense of the . THE ARMY siting of. the ammunition depo·t at San country that seems to be of great con­ Now, let us take up the Army. In the ~acinto, Tex. On page 32 of the report, cern to a large number of our people and Army title, 45 percent of the program, the various conflicting interests involved has received a great amount of publicity ,

6000 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -- HOUSE April 10 in recent months is the guided missile . .·, ::grams must also provide large amounts an increase of approximately $132 mil­ You w.ill be interest~d in knowing that { to eliminate deficiencies remaining· in lion in authorizations granted in prior the Navy's program includes an appre- ; ~ the operational and support require­ years is included in the Air Force title ciable amount for facilities in support :: ments needed to attain full capability for of the bill to provide for increased costs of that weapon.. ~ i{ launching defensive and offensive opera- on certain approved project9, bringing Each year the committee makes a very ,, tions and to make the adjustments the total amount of additional authori­ careful study of proposed land aquisi- 'l: needed for phased implementation of zation for the Air Force in the bill to tions. This was particularly true this · new weapons systems. . . $1,269,039,000, about 60 percent of the year of the Navy's program-as it was ~' The Air Force, during the last few total amount of the bill. unusually large for the Navy. The mem- years, has greatly increased its striking The largest portion of the program bers of the committee made very search- and defensive ca~ability. At the end. C!f in continental United states, which ing inquiry into the need for every area, the Korean conflict, Julr 1953, the A~r amounts to $187 ,9'98,000, is for air de­ explored alternative means of meeting Force had 10~ com~at ~mgs. _Today,_ it fense command bases. Almost one-half their requirements, heard friendly and has 128 and _is rapidl~ mcreasmg to its of this amount is for operational and opposing witnesses, and in every case goal of 137 wmgs. by mid-1957. . training facilities, consisting for the which we approved, we could come to _Not ~mly have the. num~r of _combat most part ·of runway extensions to pro­ only one conclusion in the interest of wmgs i~creased d~rmg this p~nod, but vide for the safe sustained operation of our national defense-that the Navy had the quality of the Air Force has increased the high speed jet fighters assigned to to have these lands if it is going to carry as well. The fighter iD:terceptor im:en­ all interceptor units. The air defense out the missions which the country has tory has been substan_tially mo~ermzed command program calls for the con­ imposed on them. and com:pletel~. equipped witi: al~- struction of one new base near Portland, What I have been telling you of the weather ~et ai~craft. Strategic Air Oreg., and provides a second increment Navy's program is summarized at greater Co~mand s medmm bomber and recon­ at the two other new bases, Buckingham length and with more specific detail in naissance forces h~ve been converted 100 Air Force Base in Florida and Richard the report. In the middle of page 8 of percent to. B-47 aircraft and t~e hea~ Bong Air Force Base in Wisconsin, each the report is a table which shows the bom~er ~mgs ar? now replacin~ their initially authorized last year. The pro­ various categories of the program. You ~36 s with B-:-52 s. The t~tal ai~craft gram also includes $38 million for the :will note that the great bulk of their pro- u_iventory has increased durmg th~s. pe­ es~ablishment of operational sites and gram-about 65 percent-is for opera- riod from 2~,300 to 24,800. Additi?n­ facilities for air defense missile systems. tional facilities. These might be called ally, the 'C!mted Stat.es and Canadian In addition to the $188 million for air the lifeblood of the Navy's Shore Estab- early warm~g net~orks are. well under­ defense command bases, $80,958,000 are Iishment. They are the types of facili- way and will be m operation by early included to expand the continental air­ ties that permit the docking of the ships 1957 · . . . craft control and warning system. This for overhaul and repair, replenishment Commensurate with the rapid bm~~up expansion includes initiation of con­ of supplies and ammunition, that allow ?f the Air Force and combat capabihty, struction for one new SAGE-semi­ aircraft to take .off and land and keep it was necessary to program a base struc­ automatic ground environment-instal.. them flyable, that are used for storage, ture wh~ch could be 3:chieved in the ~ost lation and provision of additional sup .. checking, and issuing of weapons and economical and raJ?Id man~er possible port facilities at one of the SAGE sites similar usual functions. I mentioned and at the same time provide the re­ started last year. One-fourth of the earlier the troop housing in the program. q~i:ed base capa~ility. The A_ir F_1orce AC & W program is for family housing, About 16 percent of the program is for m1htary. c~nstruct10~ program. ~s. aimed essential if the Air Force is to retain in this category. The other categories we ~t. providmg the airbase. fac1l~tres re­ service the highly skilled technicians consider to have equal importance but quired f~r a rea~Y •. effective J\Ir For~e who are assigned to isolated AC & W sites. each is only a small percentage of the of 137 wmgs. This is not a static cond1- The program also adds facilities at exist­ whole. tion as there are constantly increasing ing permanent and mobile radar sites Following the table on page 8 of the re- construction re<;iuirements for wa~ning and constructs 53 new gap-filler sites. port is a summary of each identifiable sys~~~s, extensive test and operational The second largest segment of the portion of the program-or, as the Navy fac~~t~es for new weapons syste~~ and continental United States program, calls them-the sponsors programs. f ac11It1es ~o reduce . the vulnerab1hty of $93,684,000, is for Strategic Air com­ These· start with· the shipyard facilities our retahatory stnk~ force. For ex­ mand bases. Actually, the program in­ and run through the 11 sponsors, includ- a~?le, the Air Fo:ce s fiscal y~ar 1957 cludes much more than this amount for ing the aviation facilities. for approxi- m1htary construct10n request mcludes Strategic Air Command, as many of the mately 50 percent of the whole Navy pro- f~cilit~es for t.actic8:1 and defensive mis­ Strategic Air Command requirements gram, the Mal'.ine Corps facilities and s1le wings. which will ~ecome a part of are included in the ·base programs of finishes near the top of page 11 with the 137-wmg for_ce dun~g the fis~al year other Air Force commands where Strate­ the yards and docks facilities. 1958 a~d 1959 ~1~.e peno

I have quoted this editorial, not because Earnshaw and Guevara and Gabaldon, Osias ~ weapons in the overall Communist objective it necessarily reflects the views of the Gov­ and Paredes, Veyra and Yangco, Elizalde and of enslaving peoples is what counts in any ernnent of the Philippines, but because it Delgado worked hard and labored faithfully event. 1,J a fine and important illustration of the for the best interests of the Filipino people. Now, more than ever, it is all to the good spirit of Bataan in action, in the United On July 4, 1946, the independent Republic that the Filipino and American peoples re­ States. It is a typical example of American of the Philippines was proclaimed in 1;1.ccord­ affirm their common· resolve to live by and fair-mindedness. This is the America I wish ance with the Tydings-McDuffie Act passed fight for the ideals consecrated by Bataan to commend to my people. For America is by the Congress in 1934, providing for Philip­ and Corregidor. · a Nation with instincts far closer to the pine independence in 1946. This act showed aspirations of our fallible and striving human the ancient principle of the Government of ORDER OF SIKATUNA, LAKAN CLASS, CONFERRED nature, a Nation whose heart is in the right the United States; we want no foreign terri­ ON SPEAKER SAM RAYBURN place or, if it is not there at the moment, tory and we covet not a foot of ground over CITATION soon returns there. which the flag of any other country flies. I have always believed that the harmony, Tonight we commemorate the fall of Ba­ Speaker SAM RAYBURN, United States legis­ the friendship, the blood brotherhood of taan. It was not a defeat; it was a victory. lator, statesman, patriot, uncompromising Bataan, between the Philippines and the Our American and Filipino soldiers sur­ fighter for freedom, friend of the Philippines, United States, form the rock on which the rendered their arms; they did not surrender who now holds the position of Speaker of relations between our two countries are their spirit. They represented the uncon­ the United States House of Representatives founded. This friendship, and the common querable spirit of freedom which is invinci­ longer than any man in the history of his cause from which it stems, are more im­ ble. Behind them stood· the aroused deter­ country and who voted for and piloted legis­ portant than any difference of opinion which mination of two peoples welded together by lation which granted first autonomy and can ever arise between us: the differences a mutuality of ideals. Bataan is a lesson of subsequently the complete independence for are temporary because the friendship is last­ courage and friendship, courage of the high­ the Philippines; one whose assistance and ing. But it is not enough to recognize that est order that withstood overwhelming odds counsel have been the guiding inspiration problems do arise between friends. We must and tested human endurance to the utmost, for all Philippine resident commissioners go forward to a solution of the problems, friendship of two peoples, each loyal to the since the. time of late Philippine Resident precisely because that is what friendship other in the face of defeat and adversity. Commissioner Manuel L. Quezon; under means. A broad mutuality of interests, a vast com­ whose leadership important trade and re­ So today, in 1956, we recall the symbolism munity of ideals, a common liberation tradi­ habilitation measureE. for the Philippines of Bataan-the spiritual victory that makes tion forged in the fire of war, and an abiding were approved by the United States Congress. the military defeat look puny-and in the concern for the steady progress of the Philip­ The Order of Sikatuna, Lakan Class, is remembrance of that great moment in our pine Republic have consistently underlined hereby conferred on Speaker SAM RAYBURN common history we have the right to stand American policy toward the Filipino people. in recognition of his services to the free side by side through all the years to come, Through the whole pattern of Philippine­ world and as a farseeing statesman whose certain of the rightness of our cause and American association, from the passage of the vision has been unerring in his uncompro­ the timelessness of our friendship. Jones law through a succession of Philippine mising stand against the enemies of freedom. This is awarded as a token of profound .ADDRESS OF THE HONORABLE SAM RAYBURN, measures adopted by the United States Con­ gress, notably the Tydings-McDuffie inde­ gratitude and admiration of the Filipino SPEAKER OF THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, people who will be always beholden to him MONDAY NIGHT, APRIL 9, 1956 pendence law, the Philippine Rehabilitation Act, the Trade Act, the Extension of the Trade for his constant and consistently friendly General Romulo, Mr. Justices, members of Act, and the New Trade Act, the golden interest in their behalf. the Cabinet, my colleagues of the Senate thread of interested and profound concern RAMON MAGSAYSAY, and the House, ladies and gentlemen, I am for the welfare of the Philippines runs with President of the Philippines. deeply touched by the citation which I know flawless consistency. is undeserved. I am profoundly grateful and Nor has that concern been unrecognized THE PUBLIC HAS A RIGHT TO KNOW words fail me to express my appreciation. and unnoticed. In World War II, particu­ When one is awarded ·a decoration by a larly in Bataan and on Corregidor, the un­ The SPEAKER. Under previous order friendly government, we in America give it swerving devotion· and matchless gallantry of the House, the gentleman from Michi­ such great importance that in our Consti­ of the Filipinos in the face of superior force gan [Mr. DINGELL] is recognized for 5 tution it is provided that it needs congres­ not only contributed immeasurably to the minutes. · sional sanction before we can accept it. I success of the American strategy against ad­ am -receiving this decoration, Mr. Ambas­ Mr. DINGELL. Mr. Speaker, I ask vancing totalitarianism, but also gave a new unanimous consent to revise and extend sador, and please convey to President Mag­ dimension to the story of human freedom, saysay my heartfelt thanks. I receive it in a new and incontestable proof that a people my remarks and to include extraneous behalf of my colleagues of the United States who have known freedom, of whatever race matter. House of Representatives because it is their or clime, shall never relinquish that freedom The SPEAKER. Is there objection to collective decision that has given the Phil­ without a fight. the request of the gentleman from ippines the legislation that ls mentioned In the cold war, especially in the coun­ Michigan? in the citation. I receive it in behalf of the cils of international diplomacy, the Philip­ American people whom we represent. I will There was no objection. pines has always stoutly and firmly stood Mr. DINGELL. Mr. Speaker, a very deposit the decoration and the scroll with by the battle stations of liberty. In a seeth­ our State Department and will accept it ing and doubting continent, peopled by more interesting thing occurred the other day. when Congress gives me its approval. To than half of the human family, our most A story was filed by Merriman Smith, your Government and to you, General, you steadfast friends and allies are the Filipino White House correspondent .for the who so worthily and so ably represent the people. The growing stature of their young United Press. The story was put on the Philippines in our country, my profound nation in the international community is wire for its client newspapers. gratituc;ie. today the best refutation of all the motives Before the story was printed by the My mind goes back in retrospect to the of selfishness and imperialism ascribed to newspapers; the United Press sent out days when we had your great leader, Manuel American policy and leadership by the Com­ another message to all editors. They L. Quezon, as your Resident Commissioner. munists. The Philippine Republic is the best I remember how he fought for the passage evidence that the United States has never were told to kill the story. While most of the Jones Act. He was a patriot, and I sullied her hands with the dross and stain editors did kill the story, one newspaper, 'wish to pay tribute to him tonight. Your of crass colonialism. · to its eternal credit, went ahead and country owes him much. He had worthy It is to be hoped that the Phllippines 'can printed it. , That newspaper was the successors. You were the last Philippine hold out as tenaciously as she has done 1n Washington Daily News. United Press Resident Commissioner, Mr. Ambassador. I the past against the blandishments of Com­ officials do not say who ordered the will always remember your report to our munist propaganda, which even now is wean­ story killed or why. However, Reporter Congress when you returned from Leyte and ing many peoples away from the beaten path Smith, the highly respected dean of described the triumphal return of American of militant democracy and assertive freedom and. Filipino troops and the reconquest of and into the devious ways of apathy and White House correspondents said that the Philippines. How you eloquently and neutralism. For no people, big or small, can the story was entirely accurate; patriotically fought on the floor of the House of their own choice stay out of a mortal The story is of great interest to the to improve for the welfare of your people struggle in which, by its scope and implica­ people of this country. · It deserves to the Philippine Trade Act and the Philip­ tions, is global and involves the whole human be considered along with all of the other pine Rehabilitation Act is on the record. race. important criteria for the fitness of Can­ Your speeches in behalf of the Filipino Moreover, with the march of events in didate Eisenhower for the Presidency. veterans have been most helpful to us in Asia, there is no denying the fact that the For the benefit of the people I insert getting the Philippine side. You defended newly independent nations of· the Far East Philippine interests in .a way that won our lie in the trajectory of Communist imperial­ here in the RECORD the full text of that admiration. We treasure our association ism. The weapons employed at a given time story: with you and with the other Resident Com­ by the adversary scarcely matter in the last It happened not long after President Eise.n­ missioners. Here, too, Ocampo and Legarda, reckoning; the ultimate effectiveness of such hower announced on February 29 that he 6008 CONGRESSIONAL REC9RD - HOUSE April 10 was willing to run again. He was walking Northeast Airlines is now a participant The Florida traffic which each year be- from his office . to his residential quarters. ln the New York-Florida proceeding cur- comes increasingly heavier in the winter.. "I had to say 'Yes,'" Mr. Eisenhower said, rently before the Civil Aeronautic.s Board. time and drops off somewhat in the sum­ "'because they told Ib.e they didn't have time It has applied to extend its routes be- mer, would give that necessary balance to build up another candidate." yond New York to Washington and to to level off New England's seasonal de­ The inference is clear that the people Jacksonville, Tampa, and Miami, Fla. mands. Northeast · thus· would have are being deprived of their right to have The case is now in its 19th month since year-round need for mafntenance of a full information by desperate men, who the prehearing conference· was held in large facility and a large staff, and suf­ are afraid that the full facts might jeop­ September 1954. ficient traffic in all seasons to utilize such ardize their attempts to shoehorn a sick Northeast is the only applicant which expanded facilities and personnel to and reluctant candidate into an office sought really to expand all of New Eng- economic advantage. which he neither desires nor feels able to land's air service. Several other appli- Such was the basis of Northeast's pro­ carry out. cants asked for limited New England posal. All New England recognized the I hope that the President either will authorizations-mostly for s~rvice ·rights soundness of the thinking, and because it affirm or deny the contents of this story, to Boston only. made so much sense New England as a so that the people of this country may At the hearings, which were held in whole endorsed Northeast's application. have the full facts as to his decision to Washington last summer and lasted more Many prominent New England organi­ run again. than 3 months, Northeast outlined its zations, as well as individual States and plans for Florida service. It explained municipalities, strongly supported North­ NORTHEAST AffiLINES how greatly its proposed service would east. Their representatives, who ap­ benefit· New England in giving all New peared and testified at the hearing, The SPEAKER. Under previous order England its first direct access, without urged that recognition be given this Bos­ of the House, the gentleman from Mas­ change of airline, to Washington and ton-based airline for its faithful years of sachusetts £Mr. McCORMACK] is recog­ Florida. It emphasized how entry into public service. nized for 20 minutes. the long-haul and highly profitable New At the.close of the hearing the partici­ Mr. McCORMACK. Mr. Speaker, York-Florida market would strengthen pating parties filed briefs. One of the Northeast Airlines, a Boston-based air­ Northeast itself and, in turn, enable it to briefs filed was by counsel for the Civil line, is the smallest of the 13 originally expand and improve its entire operation Aeronautics Board's Bureau of Air Oper­ certificated trunklines which now make­ within New England. In this way North- ations. Bureau Counsel, as this party is up the foundation of the Nation's ex­ east would remove itself from the need called, heartily endorsed Northeast's ap .. panding air-transportation system. Yet, for Federal subsidy. . plication and recommended that North- despite its excellent record. in serving The Northeast presentation made it east, and Northeast alone, be chosen as New England for 23 year:s, Nor~heast has clear that Northeast has developed an the additional New York-Florida airline. never had the opportunity to grow and enormous amount of air traffic. Its rate Bureau Counsel said in his brief that prosper like so many of the other long­ of increase has been greater than the na- "Northeast, confined to its short-haul established leaders among the scheduled tional average, and the company has routes in New England, and with no logi­ carriers in the United States. earned the admiration and respect of all cal extensions possible to it, save in this Northeast has a route structure which New England. proceeding, might well find itself perma- makes it absolutely impossible for it to Testimony at the hearing made it clear nently relegated to the subsidy class." be self-sufficient or make a profit. Its that the short-haul limitation in route This emphasizes the seriousness and im.. routes in New England are too short. Its structure is not Northeast's only serious portance of the outcome of this -case. whole system centers in Boston and ex­ handicap. In addition,._it has ~h~ m?St Bureau counsel made many other per­ tends only 184 miles south to New York, severe seasonal pr~blem m th.e airlme m- tinent and logical observations proving 250 miles northwest to Montreal, and dustry. Summertime traffic lS extremely that extension to Florida was the answer only 340 miles north· to northern Maine. heavy. lt reflects a tremendous amount to Northeast's economic problem and Back in 1951, Northeast applied for of air travel ~o and. from New ~gland's that if granted the extension, "it is rea­ extension of its route to Florida because famous vacation pomts-places like Cape sonable to believe that Northeast also it knew that operating in the New York­ Cod and the islands of Nan~ucket and could achieve self-sumciency." This was F1lorida market would solve its most crit­ Martha's Vineyard, as wel~ as the nl:any exactly what Northeast has been seeking ical .Problems, and make Northeast a well-known resort areas m our neigh- for itself and for New England .as a sound airline. The 1,100-mile New York­ boring state~ of Maine, Vermont, and whole. Miami route would provide the needed New Hampshire. . Yet on Tuesday, April 3, the hearing long-haul profits to offset the losses · In the sm~mer, Northeast flies full officer, Examiner Wrenn, handed down which are inevitable with Northeast's p~anes, .sometu~1es arou~d the clock. In his recommendations in the proceedings. inherent short-haul routes in the net­ wmtertime, this vacation-bou;ri~ traffic The gist of his recommendation was that work that covers 36 New England com­ falls off .. Poor weather COJ?-ditions ~ut New England should for the most part munities. down fiymg generally. At times durmg . . ' , • Northeast has never had a chance at the low winter season, Northeast carries re?eive nothi~~ and th~t _Ne~ EJ?-gland s any long-haul traffic, and yet that is the only about 3 passengers for every lO who· primary and pioneer. air~me, wJ;uch also only type of traffic on which airlines can fly during the peak summer season. No made ~aluable contributions to . the ~ar make a profit. Airlines, in-general, use business can operate economically with effort m World_ War II, should receive the profits from their long-haul opera­ such seasonal ups and downs in its vol- absolutely nothmg. . . . tions to off set the losses they incur in ume. If Northeast tries to keep its per- The o"!llY con~olation which Exammer providing necessary service on a short­ sonnel . reasonably -related to seasonal Wrenn. lS chan~able e~ough t~ toss to haul pattern, of which New England's is trends, it means that each spring many ~e:W England i.s Florida service to .3 one of the most concentrated and most new employees must be trained_.:_only to c1t1es---and 3 ct1es only: Bosto"!l, Prov1- demanding in the country. be laid off in the fall. If facilities are dence, and Hartf?rd-by_ a. tired and Unless an airline has long-haul routes maintained the year round at sufficient overburdened National Airlines, whose to produce some profitable operations, it level to handle the peak summer de- record in the case showed it to be hope­ takes Federal subsidy to cover the losses mands, there is' too ~uch personnel and lessly. swamped by th_e present reco~d­ equipment for wintertime operations. brea~mg demands for New York-Florida which cannot help but result from short­ Transport planes cannot be bought service. . haul services. In Northeast's case, it re­ and sold as traffic demands change by The examiner himself specifically quires a !ubsidy of over $l1h million an­ the season. . Enough expensive equip- found National to be so overwhelmed by nually to maintain so creditably the ment must . be retained to handle the its New York-,Miami responsiblity as ·not service it has provided all of New Eng­ heavy summer volume-even though to be able to give adequate attention to land for so many years. Northeast is winter traffic -cannot possibly justify its, its other presen~ . responsibilitie~let recognized in New England as a first­ retention. Tlie only solution to these alone any added_c1t1es. It seems logical rate, capable organization-justly proud problems is the balanced route pattern to ask, therefore, "When could Boston, of its fine record of outstanding public that Northeast is seeking in the .New Providence, and Hartford reasonably ex .. service since its founding in 1933._ York-liJ.orida proceeding. pect _to find their service needs being 195(J CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - -HOUSE 6()09 cared for if the recollimendation of the equipment which Northeast has ordered Mr. KNox; the remarks he. expects to examiner was followed?'' specifically to be able to perform this make during general debate on H. R. The president of Northeast Airlines service. Northeast is the only applicant, 9893 today, and include in the appro­ said that the examiner has recommended in fact, which has bought new equipment priate place in the RECORD certain extra­ only token improvements in New Eng­ for the specifie purpose of being able to neous materfal pertinent to his remarks, land service to Florida. It is doubtful give New England its needed new serv­ as follows: that the service recommended can even ices-and promptly. First. A news release of United States be called that. The rest of New England Northern New England, which now Senator 'CHARLES E. POTTER dated March is completely ignored by Examiner has no direct service beyond New York, 12, 1956. Wrenn. It would get nothing. The ex­ is not deserving of any such service, the Second. Affi.davit signed by Mrs. Ruth aminer's reasoning is essentially that the examiner concludes. All of Maine and H. Keller, dated April 7, 1956. rest of New England is not important New Hampshire, most of Vermont arid Third. A resolution adopted by the enough to be deserving of Florida serv­ Massachusetts, and a substantial part of Michigan Department of the American ice or ·even of direct connection with the Connecticut must get along, as best they Legion dated March 18, 1956. Nation's Capital. can, without any direct one-carrier serv­ Fourth. 'Reprint of a letter published To what extent the examiner may ice to Philadelphia, Washington, and in the Traverse City Record Eagle, Mon­ have been influenced additionally by his Florida, even ·though there are impor­ day, March 27, 1956, by Robert B. Mur­ personal ·animosity to Northeast's larg­ tant economic ties between all New Eng­ chie, esquire. est stockholder-Atlas Corp.-is not land and these other areas. clear. It is sliffi.cient to say that he at­ Obviously, the examiner is not con­ Fifth. Results of the investigation of tacks Atlas unfairly and unwarrantedly. cerned if New England's own airline, petition. He gives no recognition whatsoever to Northeast, hopelessly slips into stagna­ Mr. BROOKS of Louisiana in three in­ the fact that Atlas has been the financial tion which the Board itself has said would stances and include extraneous matter. sponsor of New England air transporta­ inevitably result from adoption of a pol­ Mr. REECE of Tennessee and to include tion when no one else would accept that icy granting route awards to the stronger a speech he made at Columbus, Ohio, responsibility for the past 12 Y2 years. carriers at the expense of the smaller. recently. The examiner ignores the recommen­ He is utterly insensitive to Bureau Coun­ Mr. DORN of New York. dation of the Bureau counsel and he sel's warning that Northeast has no logi­ Mr. THOMPSON of New Jersey (at the ignores the Board itself which said in a cal extensions possible to it, save in this request of Mr. EDMONDSON) and to in­ decision involving another case only last proceeding, and that unless strength­ clude extraneous matter. November that- ened in this proceeding, Northeast might Mr. MACHROWICZ (at the request of Mr. We have little doubt that 1n the long run well find itself permanently relegated to RABAUT). a smaller trunk can. provided it operates the subsidy class. Mr, JENSEN and to include a letter. over a sound route system, attain a fair share The examiner apparently is equally of the markets here in question and pro­ unmindful of the Board's objective-to yide the competitive spur essential to de­ so strengthen the smaller trunks as to LEAVE OF ABSENCE velopment of a full pattern of air service insure that they will in the future be to the communities they are now authorized By unanimous consent, leave of ab­ to serve. able to continue operations without sub­ sence was granted to: sidy even during periods of economic Nor does it make any sense to have adversity. Mr. SCOTT (at the request of Mr. FEN­ concern about Northeast's ability to com­ Further, it appears the examiner is TON), for the balance of the week, on pete. An airline is either capable of unaware of the foundation of the Civil account of illness. doing a good job of giving service or it is Aeronautics Act itself, through which ' Mr. TOLLEFSON (at the request of Mr. not. If it can give good servfoe, it will the Congress in 1938 created the Civil PELLY), on April 11 and 12, 1956, on ac­ be patronized wherever it operates. The Aeronautics Board and admonished that count of offi.cial business. ringing praise which has arisen f pr Board to develop a sound national air Northeast from all over New England transportation system. The examiner's leaves no doubt that a Northeast knows recommendations, which go against all ENROLLED BILL SIGNED the answers, operates as an outstand­ the weight of the evidence, policy, and Mr. BURLESON, from the Committee ingly goqd airline and is capable of giving testimony, if approved, could well cripple on House Administration, reported that excellent service. New England air service instead of de­ that committee had examined and found The examiner passes over Northeast as veloping a sound system. truly enrolled a bill of the House of the the third New York-Florida carrier and It is hoped that the Civil Aeronautics following title, which was thereupon recommends Delta Airlines, which is Board in its final decision will continue signed by the Speaker: destined, in view of other route a wards, its sound, logical thinking as shown in H. R. 8107. An act to amend the Armed to become one of the giants of the in­ other recent decisions and ignore the Forces Reserve Act of 1952, as amended. dustry. Thus the examiner again examiner's absurd findings. ignores the admonition of the Board it­ self in the same ease that- SENATE ENROLLED BILLS SIGNED The statutory objective of a sound national SPECIAL ORDERS GRANTED air route structure requires, in the selection By unanimous consent, permission to The SPEAKER announced his signa­ of a carrier to provide needed new services, address the House, fallowing the legisla­ ture to enrolled bills of the Senate of the consideration of the applicants' competitive tive program and any special orders here­ fallowing titles: positions and their r.elative need for strength­ tofore entered, was granted to: S. 1834. An act to authorize certain retired ening. commissioned omcers of the Coast Guard to Mr. DINGELL, for 5 minutes, today. use the commissioned grade authorized them . Examiner Wrenn's recommendations Mr. McCORMACK, for 20 minutes, today. by the law under which they retired, in the in this New York-Florida proceeding computation of their retired pay under the strikes at the very heart of New Eng­ provision of the Career Compensation Act land's future in air transportation. EXTENSION OF REMARKS · of 1949, as amended; Three of the region's principal cities are By unanimous consent, permission to S. 2438. An act to amend the act entitled recommended for additional service by extend remarks in the CONGRESSIONAL "An act to recognize the high public service an airline with a long history of un­ RECORD, or to revise and extend remarks, rendered by Maj. Walter Reed and those willingness or inability to serve even its associated with him in the discovery of the was granted to: cause and means of transmission of yellow present routes. The third- or fourth­ Mr. PHILBIN and to include extraneous fever"; and rate service which. the examiner has pro­ matter. S. 3269. An a.ct to provide transportation posed for Boston, Providence, and Hart­ Mrs. ROGERS of Massachusetts and to on Canadian vessels between ports in south­ ford is the only new servic3, moreover, include a copy of a bill being introduced -eastern Alaska, and between Hyder, Alaska, which the examiner would permit any by her today at the request of the Vet­ and other points in southeastern Alaska or part of New England to have. Over­ erans of Foreign Wars. the continental United States, either directly looked is Northeast's proposal to serve Mr. REED and to include extraneous or via a foreign port, or for any part of the these cities with new deluxe four-engine matter. transportation. CII--378 6010 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE April 10 ADJOURNMENT PUBLIC BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS and Fire Departments of the District of Co­ lumbia," approved March 4, 1929; to the Mr. McCORMACK. Mr. Speaker, I Under clause 4 of rule XXll, public Committee on the District of Columbia. move that the House do now adjourn. bills and resolutions were introduced and By Mr. METCALF: The motion was agreed to;· accordingly severally referred as follows: H. R. 10376. A bill to provide Federal as­ , By Mr. ASPINALL: sistance for the construction of school fa­ the House adjourned until tomorrow, · H. R. 10362. A bill to provide that with­ cilities in Guam; to the Committee on In­ drawals or reservations· of more than 5,000 terior and Insular Affairs. Wednesday, April 11, 1956, at. 12 o'clock acres of public lands of the United States H. R. 10377. A bill to provide that with­ noon. for certain purposes shall not become ef­ drawals or reservations of more than 5,000 fective until approved by act of Congress; acres of public lands of the United States for EXECUTIVE COMMUNICATIONS, ETC. to the Committee on Interior and Insular 'certain purposes shall not become effective Affairs. until approved by act of Congress; to the Under clause 2 of rule XXIV, executive By Mr. BENNETT of Florida: Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs. communications were taken from the· H. R. 10363. A bill to establish an addi­ By Mr. MILLER of New York: Speaker's table and referred as fallows: tional judicial district within the State of · H. R. 10378, A bill to establish a biparti­ 1727. A letter from the Acting Secretary of Florida; to the Committee on the Judiciary. san Commission on Civil Rights in the ex­ Agriculture, transmitting a draft of proposed By Mr. BARTLETT: ecutive branch of the Government; to the legislation entitled "A bill to provide further H. R. 10364. A bill to grant certain lands Committee on the Judiciary. protection against the dissemination of dis­ to the Territory of Alaska; to the Committee H. R. 10379. A bill to provide for an addi­ eases of livestock or poultry, and for other on Interior and Insular Affairs. tional Assistant Attorney General; to the purposes"; to the Committee on Agriculture. . H. R. 10365. A bill to make public facility Committee on the Judiciary • 1728. A letter from the Acting Secretary of loans available, under title II of the Hous­ By Mrs. PFOST: Agriculture, relative to an investigation made ing Amendments of 1955, to the District of H. R. 10380. A bill to provide that with­ by a team of veterinarians from the Mexican­ Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto drawals or reservations of more than 5,000 United States Commission for the Prevention Rico, and the Territories and possessions of acres of public lands of the United States for of Foot-and-Mouth Disease during the month the United States; to the Committee on certain purposes shall not become effective of January, pursuant to section 3 of Public Banking and Currency. until approved by act of Congress; to the Law 8, 80th Congress; to the Committee on H. R. 10366. A bill to provide that with­ Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs. Agriculture. drawals or reservations of more than 5:000 By Mrs. ROGERS of Massachusetts (by 1729. A letter from the Comptroller Gen­ acres of public lands of the United States request): er.al of the United States, transmitting a re­ for certain purposes shall not become effec­ H. R. 10381. A bill to establish a Depart­ port on the audit of the Civil Aeronautics tive until approved by act of Congress; to the ment of Veterans' Affairs; to the Committee Boartl made by the Division of Audits, pur­ Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs. on Government Operations. suant to the Budget and Accounting Act of By Mr. BUDGE: H. R. 10382. A bill to amend part III of 1921 (31 U.S. C. 53). and the Accounting and H. R. 10267. A bill to provide that, with­ Veterans Regulation No. 1 (a) to liberalize Auditing Act ()f 1950 (31 U. S. C. 67); · to drawals or reservations of more than 5,000 the basis for, and increase the monthly rates the Committee on Government Operations. acres of public lands of the United States of, disability pension awards; to the Com­ 1730-. A letter from the Comptroller Gen­ for certain purposes shall not become effec­ mittee on Veterans' Affairs. eral of the United States, transmitting a re­ tive until approved by act of Congress; to the By Mr. ROGERS of Florida: port on the audit of the United States Coast Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs. H. R. 10383. A bill to provide for the con­ Guard, an agency of the Department of the By Mr. DAVIS of Georgia: veyance of certain real property of the United Treasury, for the fiscal year ended June 30, H. R. 103C8. A bill to amend the Civil Serv­ States to the city of Vero Beach, Fla.; to the 1954; to the Committee on Government Op­ ice Act of J anuary 16, 1883, so as to require Committee on Government Operations. erations. that certain reports and other communica­ By Mr. ROGERS of Texas: 1731. A letter from the Archivist of the tions of the executive branch to Congress H. R. 10384. A b.ill to provide that with­ United States, transmitting a report on rec­ contain information pertaining to the num­ drawals or reservations of more than 5,000 ords proposed for disposal and lists or sched­ ber of civilian officers and employees required acres of public lands of the United States for ules covering records proposed for disposal to carry out additional · or expanded func­ certain pu:rposes shall not become effective by certain Government agencies, pursuant to tions, and for other purposes; to the Com­ until ~pproved by act of Congress; to the the act approved July 7, 1943 (57 S tat. 380) mittee on Post Office and Civil Sarvice. Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs. as amended by the act approved July 6, 1945 By Mr. DEMPSEY: By Mr. SADLAK: (59 Stat. 434); to the Committee on House H. R. 10369. A bill to encourage the discov­ H. R. 10385. A bill to amend the Internal Administration. ery, d evelopment, and production of Revenue Code of 1954 to provide an amortiza­ 1732. A letter from the Chairman, Pacific manganese-bearing ores and concentrates in tion deduction with respect to the demoli­ Marine Fisheries Commission, transmitting the· United States, its Territories, and pos­ tion of buildings in urban renewal areas; to the E'ighth Annual Report of the Pacific Ma­ sessions, and for other purposes; to the Com­ the Committee on Ways and Means. rine Fisheries Commission for the year 1955, mittee on Interior and Insular Affairs. By Mr. WHITTEN: pursuant to section 2 of Public Law 232, 80th H. R. 10370. A bill to encourage the dis­ H. R. 10386. A bill to provide for adjust­ Congress; to the Committee on Merchant Ma­ covery, development, and production of ments in the lands or interests therein ac­ rine and Fisheries. manganese-bearing ores and concentrates in quired for the· Arkabutla, Sardis, Enid, and 1733. A letter from the Administrative As­ the Umted St ates, its Territories, and pos­ Grenada Reservoirs, in Mississippi, by the sistant Secretary of the Interior, transmitting sessions, and for other purposes; to the Com­ reconveyance of certain lands or interests a draft of proposed legislation entitled "A bill mittee on Interior and Insular Affairs. therein to the former owners thereof; to the to authorize the establishment of 10 positions By Mr. ENGLE: Committee on Public Works. for specially qualified scientific and profes­ H. R. 10371. A bill to provide that with­ By Mr. DURHAM: sional personnel in the Department of the In­ drawals or reservations of more than 5,000 H. R. 10387. A bill to authorize appropri­ terior with rates of compensation at rates not acres of public lands of the United States for ations for the Atomic Energy Commission for to exceed the maximum rate payable under certain purposes shall not become effective acquisition or condemnation of real prop­ Public Law 313, 80th Congress, as amended until approved by act of Congress; to the erty or any facilities, or for plant or facilit y and supplemented"; to the Committee on Committee -on Interior and Insular Affairs. acquisition, construction, or expansion, and Post Office and Civil Service. . By Mr. FERNANDEZ: for other purposes; to the Joint Committee H. R. 10372: A bill to provide that with­ on Atomic Energy. drawals or reservations of more than 5,000 By Mr. FERNANDEZ: REPORTS OF COMMITTEES ON PUB­ acres of public lands of the United States H. R. 10388. A bili to encourage the discov­ LIC BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS for certain purposes shall not become effec­ ery, development, and production af mica in Under clause 2 of rule XIII, reports of tive until approved by act of Congress; to the the United States, its Territories, and . pos­ Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs. sessions, and for other purposes; to the Com­ committees were delivered to the Clerk By Mr. KELLEY of Pennsylvania: mittee on Interior and Insular Affairs. for printing and reference to the proper H. R. 10373. A bill granting the consent H. R. 10389. A bill to require that hunting calendar, as follows: and approval of Congress to the Middle At­ ~nd fishing on military reservations, when Mr. DURHAM: Joint Committee on Atomic lantic interstate forest fire protection com­ permitted, shall be in full compliance with Energy. H. R. 10387. A bill to authorize ap­ pact; to the Committee on Agriculture. the game and fish laws of the State or Terri­ propriations for the Atomic Energy Commis­ By Mr. McMILLAN: tory wherein such military reservations are sion for acquisition or condemnation of real H. R. 10374. A bill to amend the act to located; to the Committee on Merchant Ma­ property or any facilities, or for plant or incorporate the Qak Hill Cemetery, in the rine and Fisheries. facility acquisition, construction, or expan­ District of Columbia; to the Committee on By Mr. McDON:OUGH: sion, and for other purposes; without the District of Columbia. · H. R. 10390. A bil.l to provide that every amendment (Rept. No. 1993). Referred to H. R. 10375. A bill to amend the act en­ combat veteran awarded the Purple Heart the Committee of the Whole House on the titled "An act to provide recognition for shall be deemed to be 10-percent disabled State of the Union. meritorious service by members of the Police from service-connected causes in addition 1956 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 60ll to any other disabilities from which he is graduation of tax rates on corporate in­ By Mr. DINGELL: suffering; to the Committee on Veterans• comes; to the Committee on Rules. H. R . 104-01. A bill for the relief of Martin Affairs. ·By Mr. SMITH of Virginia (by re .. A. McGrory; to the Committee on the Ju­ H. R. 10391. A bill to amend Public Law quest): · diciary. 361, 77th Congress, to provide for admission H . Res. 462. Resolution amending the By Mr. DOLLINGER! of certain combat veterans to hospitalization Rules of the House to create a standing H. R. 10402. A bill for the relief of Tomiko in Veterans' Administration facilities pend­ Committee on Administrative Procedure and Abiru and her minpr child; to the Com­ ing adjudication of service connection of the Practice; ·to the Committee on Rules. mittee on the Judiciary. disabilities for which· they need treatment; By Mr. GORDON: . to the Committee on Veterans' Affairs. H. R. 10403. A bill for the relief of Antoni By Mr. McINTIRE: - MEMORIALS Kopystynski; to the Committee on the H. R. 10392. A bill to merge production­ Judiciary. credit corporations In Federal intermediate Under clause 4 of rule XXII, memorials By Mr. MAHON: credit banks; to provide for retirement of were :r>resented and referred as fallows: H. R. 10404. A bill for the relief of Vicente Government capital in Federal intermediate By Mr. HESELTON: Resolutions of· the San Joaquin Gareera; to the Committee on credit banks; to provide for supervision of General Court of the Commonwealth of Mas­ the Judiciary. production-credit associations; and for .oth­ sachusetts memorializing Congress request­ By Mr.MOSS: er purposes; to the Committee on Agri­ ing the passage of legislation requiring the H. R. 10405. A bill for the relief of Ivo culture. Rederal Government to defray costs of clean­ Paiva; to the Committee on the Judiciary. By Mr. REECE of Tennessee: ing, dredging, and widening the Blackstone 1 H . R. 10406. A bill for the relief of Gumero H. R. 10393. A bill to amend the Bank­ River Channel; to the Committee on Public Rubalcava-Quezada, also known as Gelasio ruptcy Act to limit the exception of Federal Works. Juaregi-Lopez; to the Committee on the taxes from a discharge in bankruptcy; to the By Mr. MARTIN: Memorial of the Massa­ Judiciary. · Committee on the Judiciary. chusetts Senate, memorializing the Congress By Mr. RODINO: By Mr. SAYLOR: of the United States to grant certain aid to H. R. 104-07. A bill for the relief of Pietro H. R. 10394. A bill to provide that with­ Israel and to implement the joint declara­ Trupia; to the Committee on the Judiciary. drawals or reservations of more than 5,000 tion of the United States, Gi:eat Britain, and By Mr. SIMPSON of Illinois: acres of public lands of the United States Fr.ance guaranteeing the peace and security H. R. 10408. A bill for the relief of Pierina for certain purposes shall not become ef­ of Israel; to the Committee on Foreign Af­ Luicia Baglioni Baptist; to the Committee fective until approved by act of Congress; fairs. on the Judiciary. to the Committee on Interior and Insular Also, memorial of the General Court of By Mr. TEAGUE of California: Affairs. Massachusetts, memorializing Congress, re­ H. R. 10409. A bill for the relief of Mrs. By Mr. THOMPSON of New Jersey: questing the passage of legislation requiring Chie Imaizumi Chao; to the Committee on H. R. 10395. A bill to amend the Internal the Federal Government to defray costs of the Judiciary. Revenue Code of 1954 to exempt from tax cleaning, dredging, and widening the Black­ H . R. 10410. A bill for the relief of Henry admissions to theatrical performances con­ stone River Channel; to the Committee on T. Quisenberry; to the Committee on the ducted by or for the benefit of the American Public Works. Judiciary. National Theater and Academy; to the Com­ By the SPEAKER: Memorial of the Legis­ By Mr. THOMAS: · mittee on Ways and Means. lature of the State of California, memorializ­ H. R. 10411. A bill for the relief. of Juan By Mr. UDALL: ing the President and the Congress .of the Oro'-Florensa; to the Committee· on the Ju­ H. R. 10396. A bill to provide that with­ United States relative to the construction diciary. · drawals or reservations of more than 5,000 of Buchanan Dam and Reservoir on the acres of public lands of the United States By Mr. WALTER: Chowchilla River and Hidden Dam and Res­ H. Con. Res. 228. Concurrent resolution for certain purposes shall not become ef­ ervoir on the·Fresno River; to the Committee fective until approved by act of Congress; approving the granting of the status of per­ on Public Works. manent residence to certain aliens; to the to the Committee on. Interior and Insular Also, memorial of the Legislature of the Affairs. Committee on the Judiciary. State of Mississippi, memorializing the Mr. By Mr. HYDE: -- By PHILBIN: H. J. Res. 599. Joint resolution providing President and the Congress of the United H. Res. 463. Resolution honoring Joseph G. for the amendment of the Potomac Valley States to propose an amendment to the Con­ Woodbury; to the Committee on Armed Conservancy District Compact and for the stitution of the United States granting to Services. control of pollution in the Potomac River the States the right to regulate health, Basin; to the Committee on Public Works. morals, education, marriage, peace., and good By Mrs. KELLY of New York: order; to the Committee on the Judiciary. PETITIONS, ETC. H.J. Res. 600. Joint resolution requesting Also, memorial of the Legislature of the Under clause 1 of rule XXII, petitions the President to instruct the Permanent State of New York, memorializing the Presi­ dent and the Congress of the United States and papers were laid on the Clerk's desk Representative of. the United States to the and referred as follows~ United Nations to request the Security. Coun­ relative to urging removal of certain Federal cil without delay to convene the Arab States restrictions on the raising of crops for the 848. By Mr. BUSH: Petition of I. _LaVerne and the State of Israel and other interested feeding of llvestoi;k; to the Committee on Lundy and other veterans of Towanda and nations in a peace conference; to the Com­ Agriculture. Bradford County, Pa., urging the immediate mittee on Foreign Affairs. Also, memorial of the Legislature of the enactment of a separate and liberal pension By Mr. BURDICK: State of South Carolina, memorializing the program for veterans of World War I, their H. Con. Res. 227. Concurrent resolution pro­ President and the Congress of the United widows and orphans; also petition of mem­ viding for the reading of the Declaration States to institute proceedings to evaluate bers of post 617, the American Legion, South of Independence on the .Foutth of July; to the Federal fiscal policy and taxing power Williamsport, Pa., urging the immediate en­ the Committee on Rules. as it affects the three levels of Government, actment of a separate and liberal pension By Mr: BAILEY: and to .effectuate such evaluation by the call­ program for veterans of World War I, their H. Res. 459. Resolution authorizing the ing of a constitutional convention to con­ widows and orphans; to the Committee on Committee on Ways and Means to investigate sider same; to the Committee on Rules. Veterans' Affairs. and study the General Agreement on Tariffs 849. By Mr. LECOMPTE: Petition of VFW and Trade; to the Committee on Rules. post of Albia, Iowa, urging the enactment of By Mr. HALE: PRIVATE BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS a separate and liberal pension program for the Veterans of World War I and their widows · H. Res. 460. Resolution authorizing the Under clause 1 of rule XXII, private Committee on Ways and Means to ~nvestigate and orphans; to the Committee on Veterans• and study the General Agreement on Tariffs bills and resolutions were introduced and Affairs. · · and Trade; to the Committee on Rules. severally referred as fallows: 850. Also, petition of the Veterans of For· By Mr. PATMAN:. By Mr. ABBITT: eign Wars of Grinnell, Iowa, urging enact­ H. Res. 461. Resolution providing. for the H. R. 10397. A bill for the relief of ment of a separate and liberal pension pro­ consideration of the bill H. R. 9067, to amend Charles T. Crowder; to the 'Committee on gram for veterans of World War I and their the Internal Revenue Code of 1954 for the the Judiciary. widows and orphans; to the Committee on purpose of aiding small- and medium-sized By Mr. ADDONIZIO: Veterans' Affairs. business, encouraging industrial expansion, H. R. 10398. A bill for the relief of Mrs. 851. By Mr. MAGNUSON: Petition of Fred encouraging competition, counteractin g Rose Maria Pucillo; to the Committee on the RiChardson of Seattle, Wash., and others, forces growing out of the present tax struc­ Judiciary. · urging immediate enactment of. a separate ture which are bringing about widespread By Mr. BURDICK: and liberal pens.ion program for veterans of. corporate mergers and consolidations, ·and · H. R.10399. A bill for the relief of Roy World War I; to the Comffiittee on veterans• for the purpose of discouraging the growing Cowan and others; to the Committee on· the Affairs. concentration of business into a iew giant Judiciary. 852. By Mr. MARTIN: Petition of residents corporations, by substituting for· the .nearly By Mr.CLARK: of Massachusetts, petitioning for separate uniform tax rates now applicable to corpora­ H. R. 10400. A bill for the relief of Soonja pension program for World War I veterans: tions :of vastly differing sizes a moderate Kim; to the Committee on the Judicial"y. - to the Committee on Veterans' Affairs. 6012 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE April 10

853. By Mr. NORBLAD: Petition of ·C. N. and orphans: to the Committee on Veterans' 861.· Also, petition of Joseph Ber~t and Bryant and 43 other· citizens of the State of Affairs. other residents of Detroit~ Mich., urging im­ Oregon urging immediate enactment of a 857. Also, petition of Charles Hamann and mediate enactmerit of a. separate' and liberal separate and liberal pension program for vet­ other residents of Detroit, Mich., urging im­ pension program for veterans of World War · erans of World War·I and their widows and mediate· enactment of a separate and lib­ I and their widows and orphans; to the Com- orphans; to the Committee on Veterans' Af­ eral pension program for veterans of World mittee on Veterans' Affairs. · ' fairs. War I and their widows and orphans; to 862. -By Mr. SHORT: Petition of F. G. Es­ 854. By Mr. POLK: Petition of Homer Mer­ the Committee on Veterans' Affairs. linger and other citizens of Ozark County, ryman, Washington Court House, Ohio, and 44 858. Also, petition of Earl P. Gross and Mo., urging immediate enactment of a. sepa­ other citizens of Fayette County and other other residents 01:, Detroit, Mich., urging im­ rate and liberal pension for veterans of World parts of the Sixth Ohio District, urging im- · mediate enactment of a separate and liberal War I;· to the Committee on Veterans' Affairs. mediate enactment of a separate and liberal pension program for veterans of World War 863. Also, petition of Rev. Paul W. Bu· pension program for veterans of World War I and their 'Widows and orphans; to the chanan and other citizens of Webster County, I and their widows and orphans; to the Com­ Committee on Veterans' Affairs. Mo., protesting alcoholic beverage advertis­ mittee on Veterans' ~ffairs. 859. Also, petition of Stanley Osowski and ing on television and radio; to the Commit­ 855. Also, petition of C. H. Jenkins, Ports­ other residents of Detroit, Mich., urging im­ tee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce. mouth, Ohio, and 43 other citizens of Scioto mediate enactment of a separate and liberal 864. Also, petition of Mr. and Mrs. Roy A. County, Ohio, urging immediate enactment of a separate and liberal pension program . 'pension program for veterans of World War Sullivan and other citizens of Aurora, Mo., for veterans of World War I and their widows I and their widows and orphans; to the protesting alcoholic beverage advertising on -· and orphans; to the Committee on Veterans'· Committee on Veterans' Affairs. television and radio; to the Committee on Atiarrs. · 860. Also, petition of John W. Schaff and Interstate an Foreign Commerce. 856. By Mr. RABAUT: Petition of Silver other residents of Detroit, Mich., urging im­ 865. Also, petition of Mrs. Rilla Richmond K. Parrish and other residents of Detroit, mediate enactment of a separate and liberal and other citizens of Jasper County, Mo., Mich., urging immediate enactment of a pension program for veterans of World War protesting the sale and distribution of in­ separate and liberal pension program for I and their widows and orphans; to the artistic and filthy comic books; to the Com· veterans of World. War I and their widows Committee on Veterans' Affairs. mittee on the Judiciary.

EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS

Pay for 6-Month Trainees and death as a result of injury received the country hav,e been graduated and while in training for the 6 months' pro­ have returned to their homes to take up EXTENSION OF REMARKS gram. training with their home units. The OF The bill also is made retroactive to Army intends to graduate trainees in August 9, 1955, which is the effective date 2-week cycles, and I think we can look HON. OVERTON, BROOKS of the Reserve Forces Act of 1955, ex­ forward to young men completing this OF LOUISIANA cept that no additional basic pay shall program and returning to their home IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVF.S be paid to any member of the Reserve units in ever increasing numbers. for any period prior to the first date of Tuesday, April 10, 1956 the calendar month in which the bill is Mr. BROOKS of Louisiana. Mr. approved. Speaker, I would like to briefly explain The reason these provisions of the bill Rowland R. Hughes the purpose of my 'bill, H. R. 8107, to are necessary is that the Comptroller amend the Armed Forces Reserve Act of General has held that because of the re­ EXTENSION OF REMARKS 1952, as amended. strictive language appearing after clause OF The Reserve Forces Act of 1955 au­ 3 of subsection 262 (d) reservists under­ thorized new special enlistment pro­ going 6 months of active duty for train­ HON. DANIEL A. REED grams in the Reserve. One of these pro­ ing cannot count this time. in determin­ OF NEW YORK grams, made available to persons under ing eligibility for retirement and for IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the age of 18%, authorized enlistments retired pay purposes of title III, Public in the Reserve for a period of 8 years. Law 810, 80th Congress. The opinion Tuesday, April 10, 1956 These persons are obligated to perform implies that neither would this time be Mr. REED of New York. Mr. Speaker, an initial period of active duty for train­ counted for longevity pay purposes. This on ~pril 1 of this year, Rowland R. ing of 6 months and thereafter must produces an incongruous result since Hughes resigned as director of the Bu­ serve in the Reserve for 7 % years. Sec­ these reservists who enlist for a period reau of the Budget to return to private tion 262 (d) of the Armed Forces Reserve of 8 years can count the remaining 7'/2 life. In his resignation, the United Act of 1952, as amended, limits the pay years, which they spend in the Reserve States Government and the American of these reservists to $50 per month. In components, for longevity pay and re­ people as a whole lost the services of one contrast, other persons performing ac­ tirement purposes. By virtue of the of the finest and most capable men that tive duty for training, including members language of the bill all persons who have it has ever been my privilege to know. of the National .Guard, receive the pay entered tJ:ie program since its inception Mr. Hughes took office as director of authorized for their individual grades, in and all enlistees in the future will be the Bureau of the Budget on April 16, any case, not less than $78 per month. entitled to compute the 6 months of 1954. Prior to his appointment to this The bill would equalize the pay received active duty for training for longevity pay post by the President, he served as Dep­ by persons undergoing the 6 months' and retirement purposes. uty Director of the Bureau for 8 months training in the armed services so that Mr. Speaker, I f~el that enactment of and as Assistant Director for 3 months. all such persons would receive pay at H. R. 8107 will give impetus to the 6 Thus, for a period of almost 3 years he the rate of $78 per month. months' training program. Undoubt­ was in a position of critical responsibility The bill also provides that persons who edly, the disparity in pay between re­ in the vital task of bringing Federal are disabled or die as a result of disease servists, national guardsmen, and others spending and the Federal budget under incurred while in training will be quali­ performing initial active training has control. How well he met this challenge fied for all of the benefits of Public Law retarded Reserve enlistments. Even so, is demonstrated by the fact that today , 108, 8lst Congress, which law extends I am happy to report that as of April 6, the Federal Government has achieved a the reservists and national guardsmen, and since October 1, 1955, when the pro­ balanced budget. For his splendid con­ who qualify thereunder, the same pen­ gram was first implemented, 17,185 per­ tribution to this achievement, the sion, compensation, death gratuity, re­ sons have enlisted in the Army Reserve American people owe a debt of gratitude tirement pay, hospital benefits, and pay in order to participate in this new train· to Rowland Hughes. and allowances as are authorized by law ing program. For instance, in the period Before coming to the Bureau of the or regulation for members of the Regular of March 9 to April 6, 5,165 enlisted in Budget, Mr. Hughes was a vice president components. Under this same law all the Army Reserve. ln the past 2 weeks of the National City Bank of New York, persons will also be covered for disability Jnore than ·l,000 · trainees throughout an institution with which he had been 1956 · CONGRESSIONAL RECORD"-· HOUSE 6013 associated -since ·1916. He had been a ORD, I include· the· following letter · to a protected wage costs from the minute the senior official of the bank since 1934, constituent: raw product leaves the farm, the mine, or when he was appointed comptroller, an the water, just so long will it be a nation CONGRESS OF .THE UNITED STATES, must to give the farmer like protection on office which. he held until 1951. He was HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, the products he markets, for unless the assistant comptroller from 1929 to 1934, Washington, D. C., April 10, 19_56. farmers' dollar buys 100 cents worth of man­ and inspector of foreign branches in DEAR MR.---: Your letter in regard to ufactured goods at the counter, and soon, I Europe in 1928 and 1929. From 1916 un­ the farm situation, of course, 8ives me no shudder to think of the consequences to our til 1927, when ne returned to the head cause to cheer for I know you have reason to entire Nation. · office, he served in the bank's foreign feel as you do at the present time. Many According to a recent newspaper article, farmers and others, including your humble Henry Wallace, now of New York, said he branches in London, Shanghai, Bombay~ servant, BEN JENSEN, are now, and have been and Japan. favors flexible parity. Mr. Wallace was Sec­ for the past several years, greatly concerned retary of Agriculture from 1933 to 1940, in­ Long active in tax work, he has been and worried about the welfare of the farmers. clusive. Records show that our total farm chairman of the committee on the ex­ In justice to the Republican Party we must income was less during that 8-year period cess profits tax of the American Bank­ not lose sight of the fact that the Democratic than it was during the 8-yea.r period previous ers' Association, chairman of the Federal Party was in full power in the White House to 1933. And, long after Mr. Wallace plowed taxation committee of the Comptrollers' and in Congress when Mr. Mike DiSalle, the under crops and caused little pigs to be de­ Institute of America, a member of the Director of the Office of Price Stabilization, stroyed, and after the New Dealers had spent rolled back the price of cattle 10 percent on over $19 billion tax dollars trying to prime Committee on Federal Tax Policy, and July 1, 1951, with President Truman's com­ a member of the tax committees of the the pump, top hogs sold on the Chicago mar­ plete approval, and he said I will again roll ket in 1940 for $5.70, and over 10 million Foreign Trade Council and the Council back cattle prices another 41'2 percent on Americans were out of work; but all those of State Chambers of Commerce. He has August 1, 1951, and another 41'2 percent on problems were solved quickly by World War served as consultant to various con­ October 1, 1951. Why? Because they were II. All farm prices went up and up, and 14 gressional committees. As chairman of very anxious to give the packinghouse work­ million Americans were employed, in uni­ the Committee on Ways and Means dur­ ers the 9 percent wage raise which they de­ form. Oh, how soon we forget. ing the 83d Congress, I appointed Mr. manded, and by so doing the price of steaks Now, I don't want any more of that kind Hughes to serve as a member of a Special would not be increased. Immediately after of business. So, I'll continue to cast my lot the rollback went into effect the packing­ with the Republicans, and I hope you will do Advisory Committee on Revision of the house workers were granted the wage in­ likewise. Internal Revenue Code. He made espe­ crease they demanded. Sincerely yours, cial contributions in the field of foreign­ Congressmen from the cattle-producing BEN F. JENSEN, tax problems. In addition, as chairman States took up the fight and we were able to Member of Congress. of the Joint Committee . on Internal stop all except the 10-percent rollback-but Revenue Taxation, I appointed Mr. the damage had been done. Even before Hughes to the advisory group on the July 1, 1951 arrived, cattle prices went on Bureau of Internal Revenue. the toboggan and took other farm commod­ Department of Veterans' Affairs ities down the grade with cattle prices, and He was born in Oakhurst, N. J., farm commodities kept tumbling down in March 28, 1896. He was graduated from price until the early spring of 195.3 after the EXTENSION OF REMARKS Brown University in 1917, and has been Republicans took over the White House and OF a university trustee since 1943. In Congress, and abolished the Office of Price February 1955 he received tile Sus_an Stabilization. Then for several months the HON. EDITH NOURSE ROGERS Colver Rosenberger Medal, highest honor price of farm commodities leveled off and OF MASSACHUSETTS awarded by the BPown University fac­ stabilized, \mtil ·Bei:ison and the Farm Bu­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVF.S ulty. It is given in recognition of reau heads announced the flexible-support specially notable and beneficial achieve;.. proposal of 75 percent to 90 percent, and Tuesday, April 10, 1956 again the price of_farm commodities began Mrs. ROGERS of Massachusetts. Mr. ment in scholarship or public life. In to weaken and slide downward. Please read June 1955 the university awarded Mr. my speech of-May 12, 1954, and my letter to Speaker, under leave to extend my re­ Hughes the honorary degree of doctor Mr. Benson of September 30, 1955, copies en­ marks, I t herewith include the text of a of laws. closed. In 1954 the· Republican Congress bill I introduced today, at the request of Mr. Speaker, Rowland Hughes is a passed a farm bill providing, as .you know, the Veterans of Foreign Wars, to estab­ close personal friend of mine, and over 821'2 percent to 90 percent support prices for lish a Department of Veterans' Affairs. the years I have developecl the highest our six . basic storable farm crops, corn, It is similar to a bill which I introduced respect for his splendid character and wheat, cotton, rice, tobacco, and peanuts. as H. R. 351 in the 82d Congress and as We must also be mindful of the· fact that H. R. 23 in the 83d Congress. capability. :With his resignation, we the Democrats .are right now in full control have lost a public servant who repre­ of both Houses of Congress, just as they were I have long felt that the Veterans' Ad­ sents the very finest in every respect. during the last ·session, which adjourned last ministration should be a department His dedication to the principles of sound August when the House of Representatives instead of a bur'eau and with a Cabinet government and fiscal integrity will be passed H. R. ·12, amending. the Agriculture head. It has a tremendous responsibil­ sorely missed. In this year's balanced Act of 1949, as amended, with respect to price ity to perform in the care and assistance budget and the prospect for a continued supports for basic commodities; that bill of our veterans. It involves the expendi­ balanced budget next year, he is l13a v­ passed the House, May 5, 1955, by a vote of ture of very large sums of money; and ing a monument of which he can well 206 yeas to 201 nays, and that bill reinstated the head of the Veterans' Administration the full 90-percent supports for the 6 basic be proud. I can only hope that, in re­ storable farm crops and which I supported, is responsible for the administering of turning to private life, he will continue lJut the Democrat-controlled Senate pigeon­ six large business activities. to make available to the Congress as holed the bill for purely political reasons and The Department of Veterans' Affairs well as to the executive branch his wise nothing else. But ever since that time they should be treated with the greatest re­ counsel and great experience. have been very busily engaged in trying to spect and consideration. It is only fair put all the blame on the Republican Party ·to the veterans and to the country for the decline in farm prices. While all this to do so. is water over the dam, it does point up The text of. the bill follows: where, and who, is responsible for the farm The Farm Situation problem as it exists today. The thing we are H. R.10381 interested in today is finding the right solu­ A bill to establish a Department of Veterans' tion to the condition in which the farmer Affairs EXTENSION OF REMARKS finds himself.now-not only for the farmers' Be it enacted~ etc., That there is hereby OF welfare, but for every American who over the established at the seat of government an long pull will sooner or later all be in the executive department to be known as the De­ HON. BEN F. JENSEN same boat. partment of Veterans' Affairs, and there OF IOWA Let us who are directly interested in the shall be at the head thereof a Secretary of welfare of the farmer speak up, and make Veterans' Affairs, Who shall be appointed by IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES no bones about it. Let us say to Congress the President, by and with the advice and Tuesday, April 10, 1956 and to everyone who has a responsibility in consent of the Senate. The provisions of the matter, that so long as everything the chapter 1 of title 5 of the United States Code Mr. JENSEN. Mr. Speaker, under farmer buys at the counter is made or proc­ shall be applicable to said Department, and leave to extend my remarks in the REC- essed under a system of high supported and in furtherance of such purpose, section 158 6014 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE April 10 of the Revised Statutes, as amended (U.S. c.; munist-sponsored regime· in Poland, and and tobacco were. covered and the rental title 5, sec. 1), is hereby amended by adding still gives full accreditation to a Polish of the land taken out of production was at the end thereof the following: "Eleventh. Ambassador representing the free pre­ fixed according . to the valuation of the The Department of Veterans' Affairs." The in land. Cotton growers, for.example, were said Secretary shall cause a seal of omce to. war government of Poland, now exile. be made for the said Department of such Ori many occasions since 1945 official paid from $7 to $20 an acre depending device as the President shall approve, and Spanish pronouncements were published upon the previous average yield of the judicial notice shall be taken of said seal. to the effec!t that no lasting peace can be land. SEC. 2. There shall be in said Department achieved as long ·as Poland, and the The Government hoped to take 10 mil­ an Under Secretary and five Assistant Secre­ other subjugated nations of Europe, are lion acres out of cotton then in the taries, who shall be appointed by the Presi­ not free. ground and actually that quantity of dent, by and with the advice and consent of Recent declarations by Generalissimo cotton was plowed under and· the paten-. the Senate, who shall perform such duties as Franco and Foreign Minister Artaj o shall be prescribed by the Secretary: Pro­ tial cotton crop for the year thus reduced vided, That one of such Assistant Secretaries confirm that this attitude in respect to by 4 million bales. In 1934 a similar shall be the Surgeon General and another of the problems of captive nations is a program was inaugurated for corn, tying the Assistant Secretaries shall be the General fundamental principle of Spanish for­ in a hog-reduction program. The ob­ Counsel. Such Assistant Secretaries shall eign policy. jective was to reduce corn output by 20 receive compensation at the rate of $12,000 On June 4, 1955, at the closing session to 30 percent and hog output by 25 per_. per annum each. of the International Congress in Esco­ cent. Corngrowers would receive 30 3Ec. 3. There is hereby transferred to the rila, organized 'by the Centre Europeen Department of Veterans' Affairs all person­ cents a bushel based on the appraised nel, files, records, property, reservations, and de Documentation et d'Information, Mr. yield of the corn acreage rented. In facilities of the Veterans' Administration of Artajo, who presided at this meeting, that 1934 campaign about 1,150,000 both the central office and field stations. confirmed emphatically that "the libera­ signed by producers taking about 13 mil­ The balance of all appropriations and all tion of the European countries occupied lion acres of corn out of production and trust funds of the Veterans' Administration by communism ig.:_from the point of reducing hogs by about 13 million. shall be available for expenditure by the De­ view of justice-a historical necessity When these programs were underway, partment in the same manner as if originally as well as a political one." then came one of the worst droughts in specified in the respective statutes author­ In an interview in January, 1956, with izing or creating such appropriations or a generation. In addition to the pro­ funds. the representative of the Spanish paper duction cuts made by the GoV..ernment, SEC. 4. All contracts and agreements en­ YA, Mr. Artajo, when asked about the Mother Nature in her own caprice cut tered into, and all orders, rules, regulations, policy of coexistence with the Soviets, the corn crop until the original reduc­ delegations, permits, or other privileges is­ answered: "When Russia will liberate tion program of AAA was actually sued or created by the Administrator of Vet­ the subjugated countries, we will begin doubled. The result was the smallest erans' Affairs. shall continue in effect until to believe in her good will of coex­ crop in 40 years. Because of the rela­ •modified, superseded, or terminated. All istence." Similar declarations were laws relating to the Veterans' Administration, tionship between the corn supply and and those relating to veterans' benefits gen­ made by the head of the Spanish Gov­ hog production, the raisers of hogs like-· erally, shall remain in effect except as hereby ernment, Generalissimo Franco. wise reduced far beyond the intended modified and shall be administered by the We will hail the presence of this far­ figures and cut the number of hogs about Secretary of Veterans' Affairs. sighted statesman in our presence and 28 million head to about 35 percent of hope that his conversations with our the base for 1932-33 production. Secretary of State will lead to a better The 1934 curtailment operations in understanding of the Communist men­ corn and hogs cost the Government over Foreign Minister Artajo, of Spain, in ace and a more solid basis for a firm $350 million, the bulk.of which went into ~nd lasting era of peace based on Washington the Corn Belt States, as ·presumably the justice. bulk of payments under the proposed 1956 soil-bank measure would go. In EXTENSION OF REMARKS those 2 years certain growers were paid OF Aspects of the Farm Problem $200 million for taking acreage out ot production. The second cotton curtail­ HON. THADDEUS M. MACHROWICZ EXTENSION OF REMARKS ment program started in the beginning OF MICHIGAN OF of 1934 when 2-year contracts were IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES offered to the farmers. Over a million Tuesday, April 10, 1956 HON. PHILIP J. PHILBIN individual contracts were signed under OF MASSACHUSETI'S this program in which the Secretary of Mr. MACHROWICZ. Mr. Speaker, the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Agriculture rented 'and took out of pro­ Nation's Capitol is graced today and Tuesday, .April 10, 1956 duction some 15 million acres and paid during this week by the presence of the the growers about $115 million for cut­ Honorable A. M. Artajo, Minister of For.. · Mr. PHILBIN. Mr. Speaker, in con­ ting down the cotton acreage. The to­ eign Affairs of the Republic of Spain, nection with various farm measures un­ bacco .crop in 1934 at about the same who is being officially received and will der consideration of the House. it is per­ time was reduced about or..e-third below hold conversations with the Secretary of tinent to note at this time that the idea of production in the base years. Rice fol­ State on important problems affecti"µg taking cropland out of production in or­ lowed suit. the two nations and the free world. der to limit general agricultural output is In the light of the drought of 1934, I take this occasion to call to the at­ not new. It was carried on very exten-· however, the following year what acre­ ten tion of my colleagues the intelligent sively in the early days of the New Deal age not only did not shrink any further, and far-sighted attitude of our distin- . by Secretary Wallace. but certain growers increased their sow­ guished guest and the Spanish Govern­ In fact, the original AAA program very ing in 1935 by 6 million acres. You will. ment toward the menace of communiSIIl' closely resembled present proposals. It recall that the Supreme Court decision. to the free world today. will be recalled that the original program in January 1936 declared the AAA pro­ The Spanish people have experienced, was predicated on the allotment or quota gram unconstitutional and the Depart­ during their civil war, a long and bitter. system with limits fixed for the output of struggle with the forces of communism. ment of Agriculture thereupon revamped each farm to be administered by an Agri­ its program building it around the vol­ As a result, they are well aware of the cultural Adjustment Administration. Soviet methods of penetration and proposing to pay .farmers for taking their untary system of conservation of land terror. land out of crop production. by which farmers were given direct pay:­ The fate of the captive nations has As the law first operated in 1933, the ments for certain soil-conservation prac­ always been met in Spain with deep individual wheat grower signed a con­ tices. The above figures were taken in and sympathetic understanding on be­ tract with AAA to decrease his wheat the main from an article in Hoard's half of both the people and the Govern­ acreage by 15 percent in the first con­ Dairyman magazine by Mr. A. B. Genung, ment. It might be interesting to can. tract and then he received a bounty of of the New England .Farm Foundation, to your attention that the Spanish Gov­ 30 cents a bushel on a percentage of his and I believe that the statements pre... ernment has never recognized the .Com- crops. Almost at' the same time .cotton sented are correct in ·every respect: 1956. (:ONGRESSIONAL RECORD - ,HQUSE 6015

I desire to illustrate by presenti_ng this Mr. A. J. Hodges, the owner of th~ commissioned in April of 1780. Although stateinent that, insofar as Congress is Hodges Gardens, is a Shreveport, La., her life was a short one, she distinguished concerned regarding the agricultural man. For years he has been accumulat­ herself by capturing several ships carry­ program, in one part of it at least, we ing forest areas in western Louisiana ing heavier armament and taking vessels are right back where we. started from and· several years ago he conceived the into port as prizes of war. When last in 1933 when cotton was plowed under, idea of developing a lovely park area seen, in March of 1781, the U. S. s. Sara­ little pigs were wastefully slaughtered, nestled in an especially selected part toga was heading out :in pursuit of a and the principle of scarcity was pur­ of what has commonly been referred to strange vessel which had been sighted sued· as a national agricultural policy. as the cut-over pine area of Louisiana. on the horizon. She disappeared from I think that all Members of this body The gardens are not yet in a full state sight and her fate was never known. are exceedingly anxious to help the of completion but they, even at this hour, The second U. S. S. Saratoga won her farmers of the Nation. I would like to off er much to the visitor. One more fulJ fame on Lake Champlain in the War of state that I, for one, do not believe that year's work will be required on . the .1812. Commissioned on April 11, 1814, this Nation .can long remain prosperous gardens. In. the area of the garden she was a 26-gun corvette and first saw .· if over one-third of its population on park is a 225-acre lake and the forest action on September 11, 1814. At this the farms and in related activities are areas have been stocked with deer, time a great battle was shaping up for suffering from . declining income. which were once native to that section, control of the Great Lakes. The British It is certainly unsound and unjust to and with elk and wild turkey. The entire hoped by gaining control of the lakes, make the farmer buy in a protected mar~ park area is composed of 4,300 acres and they could invade the United States ket and sell in an unprotected one. . It contains beautiful gardens exhibiting from the north. In one of the decisive is unfair to apply price fixing to farm native and nonnative types of flowers. battles, the Saratoga, as a result of bril­ products in an otherwise free economy. Of great interest also is the area of the liant seamanship on the part of her But it is also very unsound to tax the park devoted to the important pine tree captain, was able to def eat the British American people billions of dollars to experiments and an air-conditioned lab­ flagship, which carried 39 guns. As a support farm prices at a high parity level oratory, kept at 70 degrees temperature result of this action, the British plans and as a result roll up in the warehouses the year round. All types of tests on for the northern invasion of the United of the Nation unpreced.ented, huge, and pine trees are conducted in this air-con­ States were abandoned, and the United growing surpluses that hang like a .black ditioned laboratory. An arboretum con­ States maintained -control of the Great cloud over domestic and foreign mar­ taining 38 different species of pine trees, Lakes. kets and thereby serve to defer indefi­ some from faraway Japan and , The third U. S. S. Saratoga was a first nitely the sound, permanent solution of is located near the center of the gardens class sloop carrying 20 guns. She re­ farm problems that must be found some and provides natural allurement to ceived her commission in July of 1842 day, if we are to keep the American those interested in beautiful trees. and served as an integral part of the economy sound, healthy, and free. I am not a fortuneteller nor am I a United States Navy from that date until On the other.hand, I believe that any soothsayer. Louisiana is a lovely State 1907. During this period of 65 years, the program we adopt should follow a line but I will predict in the years to come Saratoga saw action in the Mexican War, of .sanity, soundness, and prudence and one of the outstanding places for sheer was par~ of Commodore Matthew c. Per­ should be tied to our American enter­ beauty and loveliness--when nature ry's squadron in 1853 during the nego­ prise system of which -the American does fts best to outstrip even itself-the tiations for the treaty which opened farm is probably about the best exam­ A. J. Hodges Gardens, with experimental Japan to the west, helped blockade the ple. Let us seek·solutions, not be along areas, .with game and wildlife refuge, South. Atlantic. Coast during the Civil the lines of mass regimentation and price will be known -from far and wide as a War, and served as a training ship for controls because those are the discred­ natural utopia with its cloistered en­ naval apprentices. She was finally sold ited methods of collectivism rather than chantment and its verdant beauty. to the State of Pennsylvania in 1907 for the successful practices of free enter- use as a training ship. prise. · The fourth U. S. S. Saratoga was so I hope that the Congress will work named for only part of her naval career. out a satisfactory program to solve the U. S. S. "Saratoga" To Be Commissioned She was launched in December 1891, as farm problem in the national interest April 14, 1956 the U.S. S. New York, an armored cruiser as well as in the interest of the farmers. carrying all- the latest naval improve­ EXTENSION OF REMARKS ments: She was Admiral Sampson's OF flagship in the crucial Battle of San­ tiago in the Spanish-American War. On A. ·J. Ho~ges Gardens HON. FRANCIS E. DORN February 16, 1911, her name was changed OF NEW YORK to the U. S. S. Saratoga, which she car­ EXTENSION OF REMARKS IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ried until December 1, 1917. During this OF time she served as the flagship of the Tuesday, April 10, 1956 Asiatic Station. On this date, the ves­ HON. OVERTON BROOKS Mr. DORN of New York. Mr. Speaker; sel's name was again changed -to the OF LOUISIANA I wish to call to the attention of the U. S. S. Rochester, and subsequently IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Members of the House the fact that on took part in the Nicaraguan campaign of April 14, 1956, the U. S. S. Saratoga, 1926-31 and other important naval en­ Tuesday, April 10, 1956 CVA 60, will be commissioned at the gagements. In 1938, she was stricken Mr. , BROOKS of Louisiana-. Mr. New Yor~ Nav·al Shipyard. Upon com­ from the list of naval vessels. Speaker; the opening of the A. J. Hodges missioning, she will become the most The fifth U. S. S. Saratoga was prob­ Gardens in western Louisiana recently powerful fighting ship afloat in the en­ ably the most famous of all of the ships was an outstanding occasion for all of tire world. I believe that the Saratoga to bear this illustrious name. She was those who love beauty in the outdoors name is entitled to such an honor be­ launched in April of 1925 and was the and in its natural state. The A. J. cause the new ship will succeed to the first United States vessel to be launched Hodges Gardens, located near Many, La., name carried by five previous ships which as an aircraft carrier. During the years on Highway 171, 90 miles south of my participated in illustrious and memorable 1925-41,. the U. S. S. Saratoga served as home city of Shreveport, affords an op­ service to the United States. The name a training vessel for aircraft carrier portunity to the people now for the first was originally taken to commemorate the pilots and contributed greatly toward the time of enjoying the pristine beauty of famous Battle of Saratoga of our Revo­ promotion of naval aviation. · the pine-clad, clay hills of northern and lutionary War, which proved to be its On December 7, 1941, the U. S. S. western Louisiana. A huge lake, several turning point. All of the ships which Saratoga was in San Diego Harbor. The islands, rose and azalea gardens, wild­ have since borne this name have fought fol'r:>wing day she was dispatched for the life pastures and other attractions are with great distinction for the United· South Pacific carrying marine aircraft most interesting to those who perchance States. to .bolster the defenses of Wake Island. pass in this general area on business or The first U. S. s. Saratoga was an 18 Wake Island surrendered before help on pleasure. gun continental sloop-of-war which was could reach it,-and the Saratoga' s planes 6016 CONGRESSIONAL' RECORD - HOUSE April 10 wer~ delivered to Midway Island, where proven that they are a "can do" shipyard and world peace. Major weaknesses of the they were of great help in repelling air arid have taken those two words as tbeir Government's program have been their in­ motto. They have performed their jobs termittent character and the absence of a strikes against the island. broad, inclusive, long-range plan. We re­ The Saratoga next saw action in May with such great efficiency and quality solve therefore: of 1942 when she delivered additional that I know that when this vessel is de­ 1. That the Commission on Education and aircraft to the carriers which took part livered to the United States Navy, it will Internatior~al Affairs supports the proposal in the Battle of Midway. She then be­ be as perfect a fighting machine as can to establish a special joint committee of the came a member of Task Force 17 and be constructed anywhere, any place, any Congress for purposes of making a study of served as the flagship of Vice Adm. F. J. time. present and proposed exchange programs and Fletcher. From this time until she be­ With such a ship in the capable hands of formulating proposal& for a comprehen­ of experienced naval personnel, under sive and continuing program. came a member of the famed Task Force 2. That the Commission on Educational 58, the u. S. S. Saratoga carved out a the command of Capt. Robert J. Stroh and International Affairs recommends to the magnificent name for herself. She par­ as her first commanding officer, the Secretary of State that he take all appro­ ticipated in the landings and capture of name of the U.S. S. Saratoga will go on priate measures to achieve the effective co­ Guadalcanal.. She conducted successful to greater heights in the annals of our ordination of such exchange programs as are raids against . the eastern Solomon Is~ United States Navy. Let us pray that authorized by the Cor_gress and to bring lands. She was responsible for the sink­ she will win her place in history by her them into proper relationship with exchange programs of intergovernmental and private ing of the Japanese aircraft carrier might as a preserver of peace, rather agencies. Ryujo and for severely damaging the than as a defender in war. 3. That the omcers of the American Coun­ Japanese seaplane carrier Chitose. She cil on Education be asked to arrange for the lent great assistance in the marine presentation of these views at the time of strikes in Empress Augusta Bay and later public hearings on the proposed legislation. in Tarawa. In March of 1944, she took The American Council on Education En· I include as part of my remarks the part in operations against the Japanese­ dorses Plan for a New Joint Congres· held islands of Java and Sumatra. She text of a letter which I sent to my col­ sional Committee Which Has Bipartisan leagues in the House of Representatives then returned to the United States for explaining the purposes of House Joint repairs and joined Task Force 58. Support Resolution 474. Also included here is a . As a member of this notable task force, short article by Senator H. ALEXANDER the Saratoga took part in the ·first car­ rier-based attack on Tokyo in February EXTENSION OF REMARKS SMITH which appeared in the October 16-17, 1945. She then lent her support OF 1955 News Bulletin of the Institute of In­ to marine units in the invasion of Iwo ternational Education; as well as a brief Jima. During this operation she was HON. FRANK THOMPSON, JR. statement of the history and activities severely damaged by 4 . suicide planes OF NEW JERSEY of the American Council on Education. and 7 bombs. She returned to the United IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES CONGRESS OF THE UNITED STATES, states once again for repairs and spent Tuesday, April 10, 1956 HOUSE OF REPRESENT!\TIVES, the rest of the war performing training Washington, D. C., April 10, 1958. Mr. THO¥PSON of New Jersey. Mr. MY DEAR COLLEAGUE: I have introduced a duties at Pearl Harbor. Speaker, the 'educational exchange pro­ joint resolution, House Joint Resolution 474, The battle-scarred grand old lady of. gram is of deep interest to the American to establish a joint congressional committee United States aircraft carriers was Council on Education and of special con­ to be known as the Joint Committee on :finally swallowed up by the waters of Bi­ United States International Exchange of kini Atoll as a result of the underwater cern to the council's commission on edu­ Persons Programs. Such a joint committee blast of the atomic bomb test on July cation and international affairs which is will be able to make an important contribu­ 25,· 1946. responsible for coordinating all council tion to these international exchange pro­ activities in the international area., grams. The sixth U. S. S. Saratoga not only At its last meeting on March 1-2, 1956, It gives me great pleasure to be able to will be the world's most powerful war­ the commission again gave careful con­ say that Senator J. W. FULBRIGHT has intro­ ship, with a 60,000-ton displacement, but sideration to various measures before, the duced a companion measure in the Senate will contain all of the latest mechanical 84th Congress which propose the estab­ as Senate Joint Resolution 120, and Senator improvements since her sister ship, the lishment of a joint committee to be HUBERT H. HUMPHREY has joined Senator U. S. S. Forrestal, was designed. She known as the Joint Committee on United Fut.BRIGHT as cosponsor of the measure. has an overall length of 1,039 feet, an I am hopeful that you and many other States International Exchange of Per­ colleagues of mine from both parties will join extreme beam of 252 feet, and her speed sons Programs. These measures include will be in excess of 30 knots---34 miles with us in introducing ·this measure in the House Joint Resolution 474, and Senate House. The text of our joint resolution is ·per hour. She is equipped to carry the Joint Resolution 120 introduced by the enclosed herewith for your study. latest jet aircraft. Sufficient replenish­ Honorable J. W. FuLBRIGHT for himself We believe that international exchange of ment-at-sea equipment will allow her to and Senator HUBERT H. HUMPHREY. persons has proved to be a valuable means remain away from port for extended pe­ House Members who have joined with of developing closer cooperation among the riods of time with no loss to battle effi­ me in sponsoring this legislation ii1clude nations of the free world. The need for such ciency. cooperation is everyday more apparent. The Representatives HUGH J. ADDONIZIO, VIC­ United States Government is using this tech­ The ship's complement numbers 3,80() TOR L. ANFUSO, THOMAS L. ASHLEY, CLEVE­ men. These men will be fed by a galley nique both for building better understand­ LAND M. BAILEY, ROBERT C. BYRD, IRWIN ing of our country abroad and for technical which can dispense 1,100 loaves of bread, D. DAVIDSON, THOMAS J. Donn, EDITH cooperation and economic development. 9,400 pounds of vegetables, 1,000 pounds. GREEN, DoN HAYWORTH, HARRIS B. Mc­ Large exchange programs are now operated of dairy J;}roducts, 4,600 pounds of meat, DOWELL, JR., THADDEUS MACHROWICZ, by the Department of State. Students, and 12,100 pounds of dry provisions per HENRY S. REUSS, GEORGE M. RHODES, teachers, prominent specialists, and leaders day. They will be medically cared for by PETER W. RODINO, JR., HUGH SCOTT, B. F. in many fields are exchanged and outstand­ a complete 84-bed modern hospital, and ing cultural performers are sent abroad un­ SISK, STEWART L. UDALL, HARRISON A. der these programs. The Congress author­ a pharmacy. There are also 6 battle WILLIAMS, JR., and HERBERT ZELENKO. dress stations, 10 decontamination sta.;. ized these programs through the Smith­ As a result of its study of these mea­ Mundt Act (P. L. 402, 80th Cong.), the Ful­ tions, 192 first aid boxes, and 4 dental sures, the commission on education and bright Act (P. L. 584, 79th Cong.), and several oflices. international affairs of the America~ other acts. American technical experts are The contract for building this vessel Council on· Education took certain ac­ sent abroad and foreign nationals are was awarded to the New York Naval tions which are reflected in the following brought to the United States for training Shipyard ori July 23, 1952. The keel was excerpt from the minutes of the meet­ under the International Cooperation Admin­ laid on December 16, 1952. ing held at the beginning of March: istration (formerly FOA and point 4). I believe that a special word of com­ The Congress receives reports from the piendation should be given to the men The Commission on Education and Inter­ Secretary of State on these programs and national Affairs believes that a well-planned reviews their operation annually in connec­ who have worked so diligently on the program for the international exchange of tion with appropriations. The Smith-Mundt construction of this vessel. These men persons has and can contribute significantly Act also provides for a United States Advi­ of the New York Naval Shipyard bave to international understanding, freedom, sory Commission ·on Educational Exchange 1956 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 6017 which reports directly to the Congress on a Educational exchange plays an important, priations for the Government's participation semiannual basis. but by no means exclusive, role in the spread­ in international educational exchange; :the All of these programs are revie:wed sepa­ ing of knowledge and truth. However, the President requests funds for a minimal, but rately, and by different congressional com­ almost ideal partnership through which we adequate, program; the House of Represent­ mittees. They are extremely complex both in the United States have combined private atives slashes this figure nearly in balf; the from the point of view of administration and and public contributions to international Senate restores the full amount, and the final source of funds, and all use dollars and educational exchange is a guiding example figure is a compromise between the two. The foreign currencies and rely to a large ex­ to be followed in attacking all aspects of result is, of course, a clearly insufficient ap­ tent on the efficient use of private resources international ignorance, prejudice, and mis­ proprla tion. here and abroad. understanding. In passing it should be mentioned that our It is, therefore, not surprising that some THE SMITH-MUNDT ACT successes in securing Senate approval of the ~confusion has persisted in the Congress as full budget request have not been easy. The well as in the public mind as to the rela­ There is no justification for complacency or inattention merely because a program has votes, when pressed in committee and on the tionships that exist between these programs. fioor, have been close. Unfortunately, in the Yet broad public understanding and public reached a high level of success. We must constantly review our goals, as did the Com­ House they have gone the other way, and acceptance of these exchange programs are deep cuts have been sustained. essential if Congress is to support them. mittee on Educational Interchange Policy. It is, we believe, imperative that this under­ and, of equal importance, continuously in­ Why? The program is an inspiring one, standing be achieved and the confusion spect the foundation and framework on quick to catch the imagination of intelligent ended in order that these important ac­ which we have built. men, and never more important than today. tivities can achieve the most useful results. As readers of this bulletin are well aware, The Congress is a responsible institution of · No concerted or continuing review of these private exchange programs long antedate the Government, and responsive to the desires of programs and their relationships to each Government's activity in this field, and still the articulate voter-traditionally the House other has ever been undertaken by the Con­ bear the major share of the burden. How­ even more so than the Senate. gress. Such a review is of the utmost im­ ever, the governmental role is a significant SUPPORT AT THE GRASSROOTS one, and in recent years has become nearly portance and would be of inestimable benefit The answer would seem obvious. Public to the Congress and to the public. It would indispensable. The legislative foundation on help all of us to make a more realistic ap- which the Government's participation is understanding and public acceptance are the praisal of these programs. · built consists essentially of two laws: Pub­ sine qua non for any long-range govern­ The Joint Committee on United States lic Law 584 of the 79th Congress and Public mental program requiring annual appropria­ International Exchange of Persons Programs Law 402 ·or the 80th Congress. The former is tions. In the case of the exchange program which our joint resolution would establish popularly known as the Fulbright Act and we ~ould seem to rely too heavily on an will provide the necessary review to insure the latter as the Smith-Mundt Act. annual fiood of testimonials at appropria­ the most effective planning, operation, and As a cosponsor of the Smith-Mundt Act, I tions time, instead of building up a genuine administration of these important facets of am particularly gratified with the outstand­ and thorough year-round understanding of our international relations. ing success of the exchange program. My the program. Discussing the perennial crisis of exchange participation was inspired by the experience We have become too parochial, too in­ appFOpriations in Congress, Senator H. ALEX­ that I had personally with the activities of grown. Happily we have had great success ANDER SMITH, writing in the October 1955 the Belgium American Educational Founda­ in securing wholehearted acceptance at the issue of the news bulletin of the Institute tion, established by former President Hoover local level for the exchangees themselves. of International Education, points out that after World war I. This was an outgrowth We must translate this acceptance-which although private exchange programs long of the old CRB--Commission for the Relief has widely become enthusiasm-into a grass­ antedate Government actiVity in this field, of Belgium-which saved Belgium during the roots understanding of the program itself, the role of the Federal Government is most First World War. The Belgian American Ex­ and the role of the Government in it. When significant and in rec·ent years has become change program has been in continuous that has been accomplished, the appropria­ nearly indispensable. operation for a period of over 35 years. It tions should readily be forthcoming. Over the past few years, as he makes clear, counts among its alumni the leading Bel­ It is particularly appropriate that we re­ a qefinite pattern has emerged in the proc­ gians in public life today. To it can be at­ ess of getting appropriations for the Gov­ new our private efforts at this time, for the tributed directly the abiding friendship to­ Geneva Conference, on the initiative of Pres­ ernment's participation in international day between Belgium and the United States, educational exchange programs, for instance, ident Eisenhower, directed the Foreign Min­ It has been a model operation for many other isters·to study measures to bring about freer the President requests funds for an · ade­ priv

the spirit of counsel and-knowledge, and· MESSAGES FROM THE PRESIDENT­ SENATE true godliness. . APPROVAL. OF .BULS. AND JOINT Dowered with privileges and with the RESOLUTIONS WED~ESDAY, APRI_L_Jl, 1956 stewardship of power as no other nation; may our high estate be to us Thy can , Messages in writing from the Presi­