Constituency History - Cheltenham To: Martin Horwood MP From: Neil Johnston Reference: 2011/1/66-PCC Date: 31 January 2011
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Subject: Constituency History - Cheltenham To: Martin Horwood MP From: Neil Johnston Reference: 2011/1/66-PCC Date: 31 January 2011 You asked for a constituency history of the Cheltenham constituency, with reference to the five parishes that surround the centre of Cheltenham – Up Hatherley, Leckhampton, Prestbury, Swindon and Charlton Kings. Below is the constituency history (which will be published on the Library’s intranet in due course). The introduction gives a summary of the main changes. As you know, parish and ward boundaries are not static and I have done my best to detail the changes. It has been difficult to be precise on occasions as the maps provided for older Parliamentary Boundary Commission reports vary in their detail. Also I have no access to any maps that detail parish boundary changes in the period between the two World Wards. I hope this helps. I can photocopy the maps that I have if it would be useful. Let me know if that is the case and I can forward them in the post. 1 Contents 1 Introduction 3 2 Early Representation 4 3 Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Century Changes 5 3.1 Great Reform Act of 1832 5 3.2 Boundary Commission Review 1868 6 3.3 Boundary Commission Review 1885 7 3.4 Boundary Commission Review 1917 7 4 Boundary Commission Periodical Reviews 8 4.1 First Periodical Review 9 4.2 Second Periodical Review 9 4.3 Third Periodical Review 9 4.4 Fourth Periodical Review 10 4.5 Fifth Periodical Review 11 5 Previous Members 13 6 Maiden Speeches 16 7 Selected Bibliography 17 Appendix 1 19 Appendix 2 20 2 1 Introduction Cheltenham is a borough constituency in Gloucestershire and is comprised of all but two of the borough of Cheltenham wards. The two northern wards not included in the constituency, Prestbury and Swindon Village, form part of the Tewkesbury constituency. Swindon Village has never formed part of the Cheltenham constituency but Prestbury was included in the seat between 1983 and 1997. The current boundaries of the borough of Cheltenham were formed in 1991, following changes that transferred parts of surrounding parishes, including Swindon, Prestbury, Leckhampton and Up Hatherley from the borough of Tewkesbury to the borough of Cheltenham. Charlton Kings had already been included in the borough in 1974 when local government reorganisation in England and Wales was implemented. Before 1974 Charlton Kings was a separate parish and urban district. From 1832 until 1868 the borough constituency of Cheltenham comprised only the parish of the same name. Surrounding parishes, Charlton Kings, Up Hatherley, Leckhampton, Swindon and Prestbury were in the Eastern Gloucestershire county division. In 1868 part of the parish of Leckhampton was included within the Cheltenham constituency for the first time. The Boundary Commission proposed, at the time, to include parts of Charlton Kings in the Cheltenham seat but this was rejected by a Select Committee of the House of Commons. In 1885 the boundaries of the Cheltenham constituency were extended again, this time to include Charlton Kings. Charlton Kings has been included in the Cheltenham constituency ever since. The surrounding parishes of Swindon, Prestbury, Up Hatherley and Leckhampton remained beyond the Cheltenham constituency boundary and were included in the Tewkesbury constituency, which encircled the Cheltenham seat at the time. The next Parliamentary boundary changes occurred in 1918. In this review the parishes to the south of Cheltenham were included in the Stroud constituency and those to the north were included in the Tewkesbury seat, which was merged with the Cirencester seat and renamed. The constituency boundaries remained unchanged until 1950, although there were alterations to parish boundaries in the time between the 1918 and 1950 reviews. In the first review of constituency boundaries after the Second World War the southern parishes were transferred back to the Cirencester and Tewkesbury seat and the constituency 3 once again encircled the Cheltenham seat. The Cheltenham constituency boundaries were then unchanged until the Third Periodical Review was implemented, in 1983. In this review the Cheltenham seat included all of the borough of Cheltenham, as it existed at the time (Cheltenham and Charlton Kings), and the wards covering Prestbury, Up Hatherley and Leckhampton even though they formed part of the borough of Tewkesbury. Between 1983 and 1997 therefore the area of the current Cheltenham constituency was contained within the Cheltenham constituency as constituted by the Third Periodical Review of Parliamentary constituencies in England. The Fourth Periodical Review, implemented at the 1997 general election, transferred Prestbury, Swindon, Up Hatherley and Leckhampton back to the Tewkesbury seat (which had once again been separated from Cirencester) even though most of those parishes had been incorporated into the borough of Cheltenham in 1991. The latest constituency boundaries were implemented at the 2010 general election and followed the Fifth Periodical Review. This review took into account new ward boundaries, which had been incorporated in 2001, and transferred the area around Swindon Road (now included in the Swindon Village ward) from the Cheltenham seat to the Tewkesbury seat. There were also minor realignments of the northern boundary along the Prestbury ward boundary but these did not affect any electors. In the south of the Cheltenham constituency the area that had been in the old Leckhampton with Up Hatherley ward (now split between the three new wards of Leckhampton, Up Hatherley, and Warden Hill) were transferred from the Tewkesbury seat to the Cheltenham seat. This made the southern constituency boundary coterminous with the borough boundary. 2 Early Representation The ancient county of Gloucestershire has been represented in Parliament by the knights of the shire since the thirteenth century. It was this period that saw the practice of returning two knights from the shire counties to Parliaments summoned by writ to meet. These were generally regarded as the first assemblies of representatives.1 At that time Westminster had yet to become the permanent home of Parliament. It was the King who decided when and where a Parliament should assemble, and although Westminster was the usual venue, sometimes special circumstances in this period meant Parliaments were summoned to other cities. In this early period of Parliamentary history not all Parliaments summoned just shire Knights. Some also required the presence of two representatives of each city and borough. Bristol and Gloucester first returned MPs in 1295 and two other boroughs were granted the status of a Parliamentary borough, Cirencester in 1572 and Tewkesbury in 1614. Cheltenham, which was an ancient market town which derived its importance from mineral springs discovered in the eighteenth century, had no separate Parliamentary representation before 1832 and would therefore have been represented by the two county MPs for Gloucestershire. 1 House of Commons Information Office, Factsheet G3 A Brief Chronology of the House of Commons 4 3 Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Century Changes 3.1 Great Reform Act of 1832 The Representation of the People Act 1832 reformed the distribution of seats in England and Wales. It introduced the principle of splitting the shire counties, including Gloucestershire, into divisions and returning two Members for each division rather than for the whole county. It also reformed the Parliamentary boroughs that were entitled to send Members to Parliament.2 For some counties it increased the number of Members to represent the whole of the county rather than dividing the county into divisions. The Boundary Commission proposals that followed the Act, published in 1832, made recommendations relating to the boundaries of the Parliamentary boroughs and divisions of counties that had been divided.3 These recommendations were implemented by the Parliamentary Boundaries Act 1832.4 Gloucestershire retained all its existing Parliamentary boroughs and two new ones were created, Stroud and Cheltenham. Stroud returned two MPs, like the existing boroughs, but Cheltenham was granted the right to return a single MP. There was much debate in Parliament about which boroughs should receive representation and the relative merits of boroughs granted single or double representation. One MP stated that he: would not trouble the House by endeavouring to discover on what principle it was that Representation was to be given in the one instance, to the manufacturing importance of Birmingham, and, in the second place, to the water-drinking and sea-bathing interests of Brighton and Cheltenham. It was impossible for him to comprehend why Representation was given to places of resort for fashionable loungers, and the rising sea ports of the kingdom were denied them.5 The Boundary Commission decided that the boundaries of the Parliamentary borough of Cheltenham should be the same as the parish of Cheltenham. The Commission noted that the town was entirely within the parish boundary and there was ample space for the probable expansion of the town, which was ‘very flourishing; and is rapidly increasing’.6 At this time Arle and Pittville were at the north end of the parish. The modern Old Bath Road marked the eastern boundary. A spur between Leckhampton Road and Old Bath Road was within the parish but the southern boundary extended from Tivoli to Grovefield. The Park and Up Hatherley were beyond the boundary at this time. The western boundary ran between where GCHQ is now located