Salt River Project

SALT RIVER PROJECT

First Project Organized

Under The Reclamation Act of 1902

MAJOR FACTS IN BRIEF DAMS ON THE SALT RIVER

HORSE MESA

MORMON FLAT

A UNITED STATES RECLAMATION PROJECT OPERATED BY SALT RIVER PROJECT AGRICULTURAL IMPROVEMENT AND POWER DISTRICT AND SALT RIVER VALLEY WATER USERS' ASSOCIATION

District and Association Victor I. Corbell, President Bert M. Pringle, Vice President S. G. Bazzill, Treasurer R. J. McMullin, General Manager

District A. L. Monette, Secretary

Association J. F. Griswold, Secretary

Nov. 1, 1958 J. F. G. ROOSEVELT DAM ON THE SALT RIVER

HIGHEST MASONRY DAM IN THE WORLD, CONSTRUCTED ALMOST HALF A CENTURY AGO TO IMPOUND FLOOD WATERS FOR USE THROUGHOUT THE YEAR ON SEMI- ARID LAND EIGHTY MILES AWAY. IT WAS DEDICATED IN 1911 BY PRESIDENT THEODORE ROOSEVELT.

-2- SALT RIVER VALLEY

PREHISTORIC IRRIGATION - 200 B. C.

Irrigation in the Salt River Valley is not new. It was not new when the first white man promoted irrigation prior to 1869 -- and dreamed of a future in the mesquite and creosote covered Valley, now thriving with its cities, suburban homes, agricultural communities, industry, and tourists. Before London and Paris had their first mud huts the ancient Hoho- kam of 200 B.C. were diverting waters from the Salt River through 125 miles of hand dug canals to their corn and cotton fields. The shadowy tracings of these canals over the Valley floor follow practically the same pattern adopted by the Water Users' engineers with their precision survey- ing instruments of today. That nation of ambitious and courageous people known as the Hoho- kam were the original engineers and indeed performed miraculous feats with their stone axe and stone hoe. Dr. Omar A. Turney, past state his- torian and archaeologist, states in his writings as late as 1924 that "a larger rural population tilled the fields of this valley before the Christian Era than farms its lands today." Through climatic change, channel erosion and the lack of water storage facilities the great Canal Builders who created an empire with a piece of stone held in the fingers were compel- led to relinquish their dominion and abandon all. To them also this land must have been known as the Valley of the Sun as evidenced by the remains of their many Shrines and Sun Temples scattered throughout the valley. This was the greatest irrigation achievement of ancient man in America and possibly in the world.

IRRIGATION RESUMED PRIOR TO THE WHITE MAN Adjacent to the Salt River Project on the north, east and south the colorful American Indian may be found irrigating his corn, cotton and other crops from waters of the Salt and Verde Rivers by virtue of his prior appropriation which was not molested but protected for him by the white man and the water delivery service greatly improved. The Mohave Apache lives on the Fort McDowell Reservation to the northeast, Pima and Maricopa Indians on the Salt River Reservation to the east and Maricopa Indians on the Gila Reservation to the south. These reservations cover many thousands of acres but the irrigated lands consisted of only 4,713 acres which mostly lie along and close to the Salt and Verde Rivers. Their canals were short and their lands level; therefore, they got into no engineering problems as did the ancient Hoho- kam. These friendly Indians are still irrigating the same lands as they were found to be farming by the first white settlers. Their use of water was increased by 20,000 acre feet per year with the construction of Bart- lett Dam on the Verde River in 1939.

-3- . •• • , ./4.r.44 MONUMENT

MAP OF PREHISTORIC IRRIGATION CANALS DR. OMAR A.TURNEY ERGS. PHOENIX .ARIZONA SCALE t

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-4-

SALT RIVER PROJECT

HISTORIC EVENTS OF MODERN IRRIGATION AND ELECTRIC POWER

With the coming of the white man appropriations of Salt River waters were made from time to time for the thirsty land in the large fertile area surrounding Phoenix and adjacent cities. It is well known that the water supply in the Salt River Valley in the absence of storage facilities, is not sufficient for extensive cultivation of crops. In 1869 a few of the settlers constructed a ditch on the northside of the Salt River and diverted its flow upon some of the land east of the present site of Phoenix. The owners of the ditch were associated to- gether, but without any particular formality. They had no particular rules for their government or the definition of their rights among themselves. There were few settlers in the Valley at that time. The available water was sufficient for their needs. Each of the farmers contributed to the construction and maintenance of the ditch and participated in its benefits in proportion to his respective share in the ditch. As time went on and a greater number of settlers moved to the Valley other canal companies were formed. Some of these were corporations, while others were merely informal associations of farmers.

CONFLICTS AROSE To attempt to set forth with any detail the history of the various canal companies would unduly lengthen this memorandum. It is sufficient to say that it was not long before confusion and conflict arose. There were disputes as to priority of appropriations. The waters diverted into the various canals were not always equitably distributed. Such diversion dams as were erected from time to time were tem- porary rock and brush devices which washed out annually at times of heavy rain. There were no facilities to conserve water in storage, so that a large percentage of the flood waters inevitably flowed to waste without any beneficial use being made of them. In 1902 when the first Reclamation Act was adopted by the United States Government, the inhabitants of the Salt River Valley immediately made known their desire to obtain the legal benefits. They wished to eliminate the inextricable confusion, sharp conflicts, constant disputes, vexations, uncertainty and frequent litigation which was then the order of things. Their basic desire was to establish some sort of a system of regulation among themselves to determine in-

- 7 - dividual water rights and provide storage of flood waters on che Salt and Verde (tributary of the Salt) rivers so that an adequate supply of water could be assured. With the opening of the West for settlement, the need became apparent for irrigation and reclamation to make productive the newly settled land and land available for settlement.

CAPITAL NEEDED It was soon realized that private capital could not be induced to take on the risks involved on a scale necessary to accomplish the ob- jectives to be attained. Prior to the Reclamation Act those organizations which had attempted to go into the irrigation business either had already reclaimed the most readily accessible land or were not generally suc- cessful in their enterprises. It thus became apparent to President Theodore Roosevelt that if any large scale reclamation program was to be developed, it would have to be done by the federal government. With this situation in mind, and by virtue of its control over land owned by it, the United States undertook to establish a federal reclamation program with the act of June 17, 1902.

ASSOCIATION INCORPORATED The Association was incorporated under the laws of the Territory of Arizona, Februai y 9, 1903. At that time there were approximately four thousand individual landowners who expected and desired to be benefited by the proposed Salt River Project. (In this connection it may be noted that within a month after the enactment of the Reclamation Act, an ex- amination of the feasibility of the Salt River Project had been undertaken, and surveys and estimates for the construction of Roosevelt Dam were being made.) At the time the Salt River Project was undertaken nearly all the desirable land in the Salt River Valley was in private ownership. Conse- quently the government was faced with a peculiar problem in dealing with the various landowners. Furthermore, practically all of the landowners then in the Valley had appropriated water from the Salt River. Under the Reclamation Act the United States government had no power whatever to interfere with the rights of the appropriators.

-8- REASONS FOR ORGANIZING It may therefore be concluded that the basic and underlying reasons for the formation of the Association were these: (a) To establish, both for the benefit of the United States Govern- ment and the water users themselves, a central organization which could represent the individual water users in dealings with the Secretary of the Interior. (b) To establish and maintain a central organization which could be in a position to guarantee payment of the construction costs of the Project to the government and to enforce collection of each installment of the construction costs from the individual landowners. (c) To establish a central organization which could assume at a future date the responsibility for operation and management of the irrigation works, and distribution of water to the landowners in accordance with their rights. (d) To insure that the right to waters stored by Roosevelt Dam would be equally available to all participants in the Association. (e) To insure that the cost of construction would be distributed equally among the members of the Association and that assessments should likewise be equitably distributed, notwithstanding use or nonuse of water.

AGREEMENT SIGNED Negotiations were commenced between the Association and the In- terior Department for a basic agreement covering the proposed Salt River Project. This was consistent with the announced desire of the Secretary that negotiations and dealings between the government and the water users should not be handled on an individual basis but through an association representing the water user. Such an agreement was executed on June 25, 1904. It is the first written agreement of record between the Association and the United States of America. It was signed by the Secretary of the Interior on behalf of the United States, and by the Association president and secretary on behalf of the Association. This agreement, among other things, recited that the Secretary of the Interior contemplated the construction of a dam at the mouth of Tonto Creek on the Salt River. The estimated cost was $2,700,000, or $15 per acre on 180,000 acres in the survey of 1902. At the same time surveys were made by other government representatives for an estimate on the cost of power development for pumping.

-9- In 1903 the government had decided to make the storage depth of the reservoir 220 feet instead of 190. An enlargement had also been made in the power development contemplated so as to more fully develop the underground waters by pumping. Provision was therefore made for trans- mitting said power to the Valley. All these changes increased estimates over those first made and the indications were that the cost would be from $18 to $20 per acre.

POWER POSSIBILITIES GREW Between the middle of 1902 and 1903 it is apparent that the government's respect for the power possibilities of the Project grew rapidly. In 1907 the United States had purchased the various canals and thus had acquired title to the distribution system in the Valley. In addition to the construction work at Roosevelt Dam and the power development hereinabove referred to, the Reclamation Service was engaged in the improvement of the canal system in the Valley and in construction of a diversion dam at Granite Reef. On August 30, 1910, a contract was entered into between the Associ- ation and the United States for the construction of certain additional canals and electric power plants, the immediate cost to be borne by the Association. In the agreement the Association undertook, among other things, to (1) erect a hydroelectric power plant sufficient to generate 6,000 horsepower at the junction of the new Arizona Crosscut and the extension of the Grand Canal; (2) erect a hydroelectric power plant at the junction of the South Canal and Consolidated Canal sufficient to generate 3,000 horsepower; (3) furnish and install in the existing buildings at Arizona Falls hydroelectric machinery and equipment sufficient to generate 700 horsepower. The United States agreed to provide the plans and specifications for the construction and to furnish the services of competent engineers to supervise and direct the construction. The Association agreed at its own cost to furnish the work and materials at a cost not to exceed $900,000. One of the recitals contained in the agreement was that the Associ- ation was willing to undertake the construction because of the fact that sufficient money was not then available in the reclamation fund for the purpose. In view of the restrictions in the Association's Articles of Incor- poration relating to the making of expenditures in excess of $50,000 a year, it was necessary to obtain a two-thirds vote of the stockholders of the Association authorizing the expenditure.

-10- DAM CONSTRUCTION BEGUN Preliminary excavation work for the dam itself was commenced in 1905. The cornerstone was laid on September 20, 1906. Thereafter construction work continued steadily until early in 1911, when the dam was completed. At that time it was the largest storage reservoir and dam in the world. It remains the world's highest masonry dam. It was dedicated on March 18, 1911, and officially named Roosevelt Dam after President Theodore Roosevelt who attended the event.

COSTS EXCEED ORIGINAL ESTIMATES According to the Eleventh Annual Report of the U. S. Reclamation Service, the cost of the Project to June 30, 1912, was $9,508,831.12. It will be remembered that the original estimates were in the neighborhood of $3.000,000. The original purpose of a power canal was two-fold: (1) to develop power necessary for the actual construction of the dam, including the operation of a cement mill which was constructed at the dam site; and (2) to provide power for pumping water from underground sources in the Valley floor. As construction proceeded it became apparent to government engineers that the possibilities of power development were greater than had originally been contemplated. The government soon recognized that power could be developed far in excess of the requirements of the Pro- ject itself.

FINAL COST ANNOUNCED Water users' complaints as to the final cost of the Project became so vociferous in years immediately following dedication of Roosevelt Dam that the Secretary of the Interior appointed what was known as the Central Board of Review to determine the Project's final cost. This board received and considered extensive statements both from the Association and from representatives of the Reclamation Service. This board's report, submitted to the Secretary of the Interior in 1915 determined the net cost of the Project to June 1, 1915, (to be repaid by the water users') to be $10,109,345.96. By January 1, 1917, the cost had mounted to $10,279,190.98 but certain =edit allowances reduced it to $10,166,021.97. As we have seen, costs mounted as the Project's construction went on. It soon became apparent that the original estimate of $15 per acre was very much of an understatement. The cost as finally announced by the Secretary of the Interior was $60 per acre. Assessments which were levied against shareholders of the Associ- ation prior to 1910 were purely nominal. They covered the officers' sala- ries and the few minor expenses of operation, amounting to only a few cents a year. Disagreement existed within the Bureau of Reclamation as to the Secretary of Interior's authority in application of power revenues derived from reclamation projects. Water users in the Salt River Project contend- ed that all such power revenues should be credited to Project construction costs and for reduction of operation and maintenance expense of the Pro- ject. In later years this was settled by public law, in favor of the Salt River Project.

WATER RIGHTS UNDETERMINED When the Association was formed the relative rights and priorities of farmers to the water of the Salt River had not been determined. The Association Articles of Incorporation made no attempt to determine rights or priorities; neither did the contract between the Association and the United States dated June 17, 1904. In 1905 suit was instituted by P. T. Hurley against Charles S. Abbott in which Hurley sought to have his title quieted to the use of an amount of water sufficient to cultivate the land owned by him. He made as defendants in the suit a large number of other individual landowners in the Valley. After the suit was filed, the United States, by leave of court, intervened as a party in the suit and filed its answer and cross-complaint. It sought and obtained process to make party defendants to its cross-complaint all landowners in the Valley irrigated by the canals. It asked for judgment establishing the rights of each individual defendant and each parcel of land to Salt River water and establishment of dates of water appropriation by each individual landowner. Some 4,800 individual landowners were served with process and made parties defendant. The action was brought into the District Court of the Third Judicial District of the Territory of Arizona, in and for the County of Maricopa.

-12- KENT DECREE ISSUED The decision of Judge Edward Kent, chief justice of the territorial court, sitting as district judge, was entered March 1, 1910, to be effective on and after April 1, 1910. This decree is widely known as "The Kent Decree". During all of the period above referred to, up to 1917, the Project was under operation and control of the United States Reclamation Service. Although Roosevelt Darn was not actually completed and dedicated until 1911, the first distribution of water stored behind the dam was made in 1910. This water was not distributed pursuant to water right appli- cations referred to in the Reclamation Act of 1902, but was merely sold by the Reclamation Service to water users desiring to avail themselves of the stored water. In 1910 the Association members had obtained a deferment of opening the Project for two years as part of the agreement covering the construction of power plants on the distribution lines in the Valley. As a matter of fact public notice of Project completion was not issued until 1917. The water users were becoming increasingly alarmed over the increased cost of the Project. Association members likewise were dis- satisfied with the manner in which the government was operating the Project.

CONTRACT OF SEPTEMBER 6, 1917 On February 20, 1917, a conference was held between the Secretary of the Interior and Arthur P. Davis of the U. S. Reclamation Service (representing the United States) and Arizona Congressman Carl Hayden, Association President John Orme and Judge Joseph H. Kibbey, Associ- ation counsel, (representing the Association). A memorandum of this conference was prepared by Mr. Davis in which he made this statement: "The Secretary then announced to the Arizona delegation that he was anxious to get rid of the Project, and if they would enter into a contract to take care of all future expenditures and to return the entire cost of the Project, less the reductions recommended by The Central Board of Review, he would turn the entire Project over to them and they might apply all power receipts in any way they saw fit." The disputes, discussions, conferences, and negotiations culmin- ated in such a contract between the United States Government and the Association signed September 6, 1917.

-13- ASSOCIATION ASSUMES OPERATIONS The United States agreed to turn over to the Association the care, operation and maintenance of the irrigation works known as the Salt River Project, consisting generally of the Roosevelt Dam, the Granite Reef Dam, irrigation canals, laterals and ditches and other conduits; Gates, pipes, power plants, powerhouses, buildings and other structures of every kind; transmission, telegraph and telephone lines, wires, pumps, machinery, tools and appliances, and all property of whatsoever kind, real, personal or mixed, appurtenant to or used, or constructed or otherwise acquired to be used in connection with the Project; As well as all water rights and franchises, and rights to the storage, diversion and use of water for irrigation or other purposes, water power, electric power and power privileges, with such right of possession of all thereof as might be necessary or convenient for the care, operation and maintenance of said Project by the Association. It was further provided that the Association should have from the time of taking over the Project to its use and benefit all the rents, issues, profits, revenue and income, including all income from power and power privileges, growing out of or arising from the operation and maintenance of the Project and every port thereof. The Association agreed to repay the cost of construction of the Project to the government and the amount of said cost and the install- ments (twenty in number) were fixed. The Reclamation Extension Act had extended the authorized time for payment from ten years to twenty years. Pursuant to the contract, the Association went into possession of the Project on November 1, 1917. Thereafter, full responsibility for the care, operation and management of the Project resided in the Association. At the time that the care and management of the Project was taken over in 1917, a small amount of additional construction work remained to be done, primarily in connection with the canal and lateral systems. Additional canal extensions and improvements were contemplated.

-14- ECONOMY NECESSARY The necessity for strict economy and increased efficiency in operations became more apparent, particularly during the depression years after World War I. Economic conditions during that period were such that Salt River Valley farmers demanded that water be furnished at the lowest possible cost. Therefore, one of the first desires of the Association was to improve and increase the irrigation water supply so that additional acreage could be brought into cultivation and could derive benefits from the Project. This in turn would benefit the existing Association members in that the cost of the Project could be spread over a large area and among a larger number of farmers.

ADDITIONAL WATER NEEDED In view of this desire, the Association soon after taking over the Project directed plans toward increasing the available supply of irrigation by additional storage and pumping facilities. The Association and water users prior to 1917 had taken the position that the Project would not be complete until provisions had been made for storage of Verde River water. It was estimated that by means of providing storage for Verde River water and additional reservoirs on the Salt River below Roosevelt Dam approximately 800,000 additional acre feet of water could be developed. In most cases the water users themselves were indebted to various lending agencies on account of the purchase and development of their lands. They were not receptive to increased assessments to cover the necessary construction work. Between 1922 and 1930 the construction of three additional storage reservoirs was commenced between Roosevelt Dam and Granite Reef Diversion Dam with funds from separate bond issues. They were Mormon Flat-$2,497,000; Horse Mesa-$5,248,000, and Stewart Mountain-$2,839,000. In 1935-39 Bartlett Dam was constructed on the Verde River and spillway improvements to the four Salt River storage dams were made by the U. S. Bureau of Reclamation at a cost of $6,500,000. In 1937-38 the Association built a 13,500 HP Diesel power plant at Crosscut near Tempe to supplement its generating facilities at a cost of $1,178,000. In 1940 power from the Colorado River became available through construction by the U. S. Bureau of Reclamation of a 140-mile high tension power line from Parker Dam to Phoenix.

-15- MAP OF WATER SHED AND LOCATION OF PROJECT

I GRAND CANYON

0 TUCSON

DRAINAGE AREA SUPPLYING IRRIGATION WATER TO RES.ERVOIRS OF SALT AND VERDE RIVERS (Approximato• 119 13,000 sq..1.) MAP OF POWER SYSTEM

SKETCH OF PROJECTS POWER SERVICE AREA SOLID BLACK LINES: Scope of the Project's Own Transmission System.

DOTTED LINES: U.S. Bureau of Reclamation High Voltage Lines Bringing Colorado Rivet Power to Arizona.

-17- SALT RIVER PROJECT I

Relief map showing storage dams and main irrigation canals of . the Salt River Project. Project lands are shaded a darker gray.

-18- '

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SALT RWER P9OJECT

RUCSRA,

ARIZONA N■oveNG LOCATION CC SAC T Rtv EA PROJECT E

-19- In 1941 a standby steam plant of 37,500 HP capacity was constructed at Crosscut at a cost of $2,300,000 to assure firm power and continued service to the Project in case of failure by any of the hydroelectric plants. The Project then had a combined generating capacity of 152,900 HP. Horseshoe Dam, above Bartlett Dam on the Verde River, was built in 1944 at a cost of approximately $2,500,000. Spillway gates were added in 1949 at a cost of $925,000 to increase the domestic water supply for the City of Phoenix.

WATER RIGHTS VARY We now find the following types of water rights on various lands in the Salt River Project: 1- Normal Flow Water Rights These were established by the Kent Decree of 1910. This is the first water right to the Salt and Verde rivers and is a right prior to stored water. This normal flow water right covers 151,083 acres of our total 240,000 acres, such water rights are dated from 1869 to 1909. The 1869 land has the first right to the use of normal flow of the rivers-- then the 1870 land and so on up to 1909, if water is available. During a severe drought many of these lands would not receive any benefits from this normal flow water right. 2- Stored and Developed Water Rights All lands in the Salt River Project, having Capital Stock in the Association and having signed a water right application with the United States, have equal rights to stored water and water developed by Association pumps. This right covers the total of our 240,000 acres. 3-Pump Water Right This water right is acquired as before stated and may be so acquired until further notice. As of July 1, 1958, 156,873 acres had acquired 232,837 acre feet of pump water rights.

- 20 - AUTOMATIC GATES ARIZONA CANAL

ZANJER 0 RADIO PHONE COMMUNICATION -21- DISTRICT FORMED In 1937 the Salt River Project Agricultural Improvement and Power District was formed with identical boundaries and interests as those of the Association. Under contract with the Association, all Association properties were transferred to the District. The Association continued to operate all of the properties as agent of the District until 1949 when the contract was amended whereby the District took over the Project with the Association continuing to operate the irrigation system as agent of the District. The District was formed in order to secure for the Association lands the rights, privileges, exemptions and immunities granted to public corporations or political subdivisions of the state. In 1948, due to an extended drought and scarcity of stored water a program was advanced to develop additional underground water known as "Salt River Project Agricultural Improvement and Power District's Pump Water Priority Proposal of July, 1948." This program was to provide funds to produce additional underground water for all Project landowners who desired to acquire a "pump water right". The purchase price of this priority pump water right at present is $14 per acre for each acre foot of pump water right acquired, with a maximum of two acre feet per acre.

POWER AND WATER IMPROVEMENTS AND ADDITIONS During all this period of time miscellaneous improvements and construction have been moving forward. From 1949 to 1952 the tremendous task of changing the old 25 cycle electric power system to the more desirable and modern 60 cycle was accomplished and radiophone equipped service cars and trucks were put on 24 hour duty. The ever increasing number of power customers continues at a record rate. The 45 power customers in 1921 increased to 8,000 in 1941 and to 59,455 by 1958. This called for additional transmission lines, rights of way, substations, electric material, warehousing and more electric power generation plants to increase our electric power output. The $4,654,518 steam generating plant southwest of Tempe, known as the Kyrene Plant #1, capacity of 30,000 KW went on the line in June of 1952.

-22- In June of 1954, Kyrene Steam Generating Plant # 2, was completed at a cost of $7,729,327, which added 60,000 KW to the Project power generating and distribution system. The first unit of the Aqua Fria Steam Generating Plant with a capacity of 100,000 KW was completed in 1957 and the second unit of the Aqua Fria Steam Generating Plant, with additional capacity of 100,000 KW, was completed in 1958. The cost of these two units and related facilities was $25,000,000 and brings the total Project electric generating capacity to a grand total of 390,890 KW. The rehabilitation and modernization of the canal and lateral system is going forward throughout the Project. Concrete structures are taking the place of wooden structures, work is continuing on the concrete lining of canals and laterals, and wells are being re-drilled and rehabilitated for supplemental ground water for irrigation. This rehabilitation and better- ment of the irrigation system is to continue through 1967. This program, which was started in 1950, has resulted in a reduction in Project water losses and a substantial savings in the cost of operation and maintenance of the system. The original water delivery operation known as the zanjero system was used until 1950 when it was discarded for a better controlled and more efficient system. This operation gives our shareholders 24 hour service, as each zanjero car is equipped with a radiophone and the zanjero can be contacted at all times through a Field Dispatching Office or through the Main Office. A program of great importance and tremendous magnitude was initiat- ed in 1955, concerning the watershed of the Salt River Project. Although the rainfall on our watershed for the past years has continued to be aver- age, the runoff received in our reservoirs from the rains has decreased year by year. This continuous reduction in runoff into our storage dams on the Salt and Verde Rivers is caused by the ever increasing growth of uneconomic plants on the watershed consuming the water that in the past flowed into this Project for irrigation use. In the lower country the mesquite, willows and salt cedars; in the higher elevations the cedars, manzanitas and oak brush; in the forest area the jackpine thickets and dense brush and undergrowth is consuming the water supply and giving nothing in return. Where thousands of cattle and sheep grazed in years gone by, the feed has been consumed by this wild growth. Also without the grass roots to hold the soil, the erosion has been increasing. This decreased runoff is averaging 30% or more. From 1920 to 1954, our loss was estimated at 16 million acre feet. A study has been made by a group of experts to determine the most feasible method of eradicating this useless growth in a selected area, the cost of such work and the results expected in terms of increased runoff and dollar value to this Project. The actual work is now proceeding in various locations on the watershed.

-23- °

AGUA FRIA POWER PLANT TEWE POWER PLANT

KYRENE POWER PLANT

-25- The many investments, additions, improvements and extensions bring the total plant in service at the close of 1957 to $128,287,064.90. With the exception of $10,317,959.78 owed to the United States Govern- ment, the additions and betterments of this Project are financed by Dis- trict bonds which are purchased by individuals throughout the country.

This Project is now providing the City of Phoenix approximately 85% of their total water supply needed to serve their 350,000 customers. As the population increases, this Association will make available to the City the necessary additional water supply to meet its requirements. This is made possible by contract between the City of Phoenix and this Association wherein the City pays the Association the annual assess- ment assessed against the subdivision lots that have discontinued irrigation, and the Association delivers the water available under the water rights of such lots, to the City of Phoenix filtration plant on the Arizona Canal. This arrangement makes it possible for the City of Phoenix to obtain a permanent water supply for the same low cost as that of an irrigation customer. Another important step forward in 1956-57 was the construction of a new million dollar Salt River Project Office Building, located near the junction of Washington and Van Buren Streets, at Tempe, Arizona. Throughout this period of Project history, there has been a concerted and continuous alertness to protect the priceless water rights of all of the lands of this Project, to hold down the cost of water for irrigation, commercial and domestic uses, with the help of the Project owned and operated electric power system, and to keep abreast of the increasing demands for additional power and water for the ever increasing population. This is now being accomplished.

-26- Information on Storage Dams and Other Project Statistics

-27- STORAGE DAMS ON THE SALT AND VERDE RIVERS

DAMS ON THE SALT RIVER ROOSEVELT DAM

Name of Lake Roosevelt Location 80 miles from Phoenix (Conflux of Salt and Tonto Rivers) Constructed 1905 - 1911 Lake Capacity 1,381,580 acre feet Lake Length 23 miles Height of Dam 280 feet Length of Dam 723 feet Generating Capacity 25,800 H.P. Cost of Dam and Related Facilities $10,166,000. (Paid in full, 1955)

HORSE MESA DAM

Name of Lake Apache Location 65 Iniles from Phoenix Constructed 1924 - 1927 Lake Capacity 245,138 acre feet Lake Length 17 miles Height of Dam 300 feet Length of Dam 660 feet Generating Capacity 40,200 H.P. Cost of Dam $5,248,000.

MORMON FLAT DAM Name of Lake Canyon Location 51 miles from Phoenix Constructed 1923 - 1925 Lake Capacity 57,852 acre feet Lake Length 10 miles Height of Dam 224 feet Length of Dam 380 feet Generating Capacity 9,380 H.P. Cost of Dam $2,497,000.

-28- DAMS ON THE SALT AND VERDE RIVERS (Coned)

STEWART MOUNTAIN DAM

Name of Lake Sahuaro Location 41 miles from Phoenix Constructed 1928 - 1930 Lake Capacity 69,765 acre feet Lake Length 10 miles Height of Dam 207 feet Length of Dam 1,260 feet Generating Capacity 13,930 H.P. Cost of Dam $2,839,000.

DAMS ON THE VERDE RIVER HORSESHOE DAM

Name of Lake Horseshoe Type of Dam Earth fill Dam Location 58 miles from Phoenix Constructed 1944 - 1946 (Spillway gates 1949) Lake Capacity 142,830 acre feet Lake Length (Approx.) 5 miles Height of Dam 60 feet Length of Dam & Spillway 1,500 feet Generating Capacity None Cost of Dam $2,517,491 Cost of Spillway Gates $925,000.

BARTLETT DAM Name of Lake Bartlett Location 46 miles from Phoenix Constructed 1936 - 1939 Lake Capacity 179,548 acre feet Lake Length 12 miles Height of Dam 283 feet Length of Dam 800 feet Generating Capacity None Cost of Dam $6,500,000.

-29- AT THE CONFLUX OF SALT AND VERDE RIVERS

GRANITE REEF DIVERSION DAM

Constructed 1906 - 1908 Location 32 miles from Phoenix Purpose To divert water from river as released from storage to Pro- ject canals on the north and south side. Height (Crest to top of cut-off) 29 feet Length of Weir 1,000 feet Cost $627,000.

-30- PROJECT STATISTICS - December 31, 1957

Member Area (acres) 239,200 Individual Landowners (Project Members) 93,500 Power Customers 59,445 Storage Capacity (acre feet) 2,076,713 Generating Capacity (horsepower) 574,175 Canals and Laterals (miles) 1,300 Power Lines (miles) 2,756 Telephone Lines (miles) 200 Substations (exclusive of power plants) 40 Power Plants 9 Radiophone equipped cars & trucks 177 Office Buildings 3 Collection Offices 10 Warehouses 2 Field Water Dispatching Offices 5 Residences 100 Project Pumping Plants 263 Employees 1,550 Area Watershed (sq. miles) 13,000 Elevation Watershed (feet) 1,200 to 11,000 Avg. Annual Rainfall, Phoenix (inches) 7.72 Avg. Annual Rainfall, Salt River (inches) 19.07 Avg. Annual Rainfall, Verde River (inches) 18.65 Cities, Towns in Project 12 Population of Salt River Valley 386,000 Total Plant in Service $128,287,064. Balance Due U. S. Gov't. on Constr. Charge $ 4,091,230. Balance Due U. S. Gov't. on Rehabilitation $ 6,226,729. Bonds Outstanding $ 58,719,000.

-31- -32-

DAMS ON THE VERDE RIVER

HORSESHOE

BARTLETT

GRANITE REEF Below the Conflux of the Salt and Verde

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- ;I1_QRSESHOE DAM '1/ :•0- ,t/PR

'BARTLETT DAM

CAVE CREEK DAM -- , •-• -t -`• )ROOSFVELT DAM .- _ • -S..ae, N HORSE MESA DAMt ./ 41 4' • 4.4 ,iSTEWART MOUNTAIN DAM MORMON FLAT DAM

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SALT RIVER PROJECT' 1 P.O. BOX 1 980 • 1.

PHOENIX, ARIZONA ••■■." -

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