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New Symbiotic Associations Involving Polynoids (Polychaeta, Polynoidae

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New Symbiotic Associations Involving Polynoids (Polychaeta, Polynoidae Memoirs of Museum Victoria 71: 27–43 (2014) Published December 2014 ISSN 1447-2546 (Print) 1447-2554 (On-line) http://museumvictoria.com.au/about/books-and-journals/journals/memoirs-of-museum-victoria/ New symbiotic associations involving polynoids (Polychaeta, Polynoidae) from Atlantic waters, with redescriptions of Parahololepidella greeffi (Augener, 1918) and Gorgoniapolynoe caeciliae (Fauvel, 1913) TEMIR A. BRItaYEV1 (http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:725C032C-5184-4AC1-A393-6CC9895824FE), JOÃO GIL2 (http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:FEB78694-898B-441C-B4CE-48E407CEFCC5), ÁLVARO ALTUNA3 (http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:0F6368E6-8E9F-4D66-A854-E40B6F019E88), MARta CALVO4 (http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:35987386-5634-45B5-9A4F-95DCB6FCACF0) AND DANIEL MARTÍN2* (http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:B1D58BF8-6FB4-41EE-9B0C-3E52632A42C4) 1 A.N. Severtzov Institute of Ecology and Evolution (RAS), Moscow (Russia). 2 Centre d’Estudis Avançats de Blanes (CEAB - CSIC), 17300 Blanes (Girona), Catalunya (Spain). 3 INSUB, Museo de Okendo, Zemoria, 12. Apdo. 3223, 20013 Donostia-San Sebastián, Euskadi (Spain) 4 Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN - CSIC), 28006 Madrid (Spain). * Corresponding author: D. Martin. Centre d’Estudis Avançats de Blanes (CEAB - CSIC), Carrer d’accés a la Cala Sant Francesc 14, 17300 Blanes (Girona), Catalunya (Spain). E-mail: [email protected] http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:0FDF65D7-2BB9-4409-AEF2-B36E4AE16500 Abstract Britayev, T.A., Gil, J., Altuna, Á., Calvo, M. and Martín, D. 2014. New symbiotic associations involving polynoids (Polychaeta, Polynoidae) from Atlantic waters, with redescriptions of Parahololepidella greeffi (Augener, 1918) and Gorgoniapolynoe caeciliae (Fauvel, 1913). Memoirs of Museum Victoria 71: 27–43. Different circumstances such as sampling methodology, sample sorting or taxa distribution among different experts often lead symbiotic associations to remain hidden and the mode of life of the involved partners are either not defined or directly reported as free living. This was apparently the case of Parahololepidella, a genus proposed by Pettibone (1969) to include Hololepidella greeffi Augener, 1918, reported as free-living from shallow waters off São Tomé and Cabo Verde Islands (W Africa). In this paper, we report for the first time the symbiotic status ofP. greeffi (Augener, 1918), which lives in association with the antipatharian Tanacetipathes cf. spinescens (Gray, 1857), based on new materials collected in São Tomé Island. In addition to the originally described features, the species is characterized by a variable presence of cephalic peaks and by an irregular distribution of elytra from segment 32-33, which may be asymmetrical (within the same individual) and differ between individuals. A list of all known polychaete species associated with antipatharian corals is also provided. We also report new findings of Gorgoniapolynoe caeciliae (Fauvel, 1913) from deep waters of the Atlantic coasts of the Iberian Peninsula, living in association with the octocorals Candidella imbricata (Johnson, 1862) (first report for the Spanish waters) and Corallium niobe Bayer, 1964. The diagnosis of Gorgoniapolynoe is emended and we suggest that G. corralophila (Day, 1960) should be referred to a different genus and that G. pelagica Pettibone, 1991a should be considered as nomen dubium. The Iberian G. caeciliae fits well with the re-description by Pettibone (1991a), except for the presence of clavate papillae on dorsal cirri, which were neither mentioned nor figured in previous descriptions. Keywords New symbiotic associations; Polynoidae; Myriopathidae; Primnoidae; Coralliidae; São Tomé Island; Cabo Verde Island; Iberian Peninsula. Introduction often lead symbiotic associations to remain hidden. Consequently, the mode of life of the involved partners is either not defined or Among the polychaete families, the Polynoidae includes the directly reported as free living. Some new reports may correspond highest number of symbiotic species. There were about 163 to these “hidden” associations, which turned to be recognized as species involved in more than 420 relationships reported by symbiotic when new or more precise observations were carried Martin & Britayev (1998), but the number has increased out. This is the case for Parahololepidella, a genus proposed by continuously since then and currently exceeds 200 species Pettibone (1969) to include Hololepidella greeffi Augener, 1918. involved in about 550 relationships (D. Martin, unpublished data). All known specimens of this species were reported as free-living Different circumstances (such as sampling methodology, from shallow waters off São Tomé and Cabo Verde Islands sample sorting, or taxa distribution among the different experts) (Augener, 1918; Pettibone, 1969). 28 T. Britayev, J. Gil, Á. Altuna, M. Calvo & D. Martin New specimens of this species were found among newly Taxonomic account collected materials from São Tomé Island, housed and sorted in the Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN-CSIC) Family Polynoidae Kinberg, 1856 of Madrid, and from Cabo Verde Island (collected during an expedition to the Canarias – Cape Verdian region, CANCAP), Subfamily Polynoinae Kinberg, 1856 housed and sorted in the Naturalis - Nationaal Natuurhistorisch Museum, Leiden (NNMN). All newly collected specimens Genus Parahololepidella Pettibone, 1969 were living in association with the antipatharian Tanacetipathes Type species. Hololepidella greeffi Augener, 1918. cf. spinescens (Gray, 1857) (Myriopathidae). Consequently, we first report here the symbiotic status for Parahololepidella Diagnosis. Body long, slender, flattened, with sides nearly greeffi (Augener, 1918). Moreover, as some morphological parallel, tapered posteriorly, with numerous segments (up to 140 details were not properly described in the original description, or more). Elytra numerous up to 50 and more pairs, on segments we provide a full re-description of the species, including some 2, 4, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19, 21, 23, 26, 29, 32, thereafter irregularly arranged on alternate segments, often asymmetrical, considerations on the status of Hololepidella fagei Rullier, with different number on right and left sides. Elytra oval smooth, 1964. A list of all known polychaete species associated with without tubercles and micropapillae; first pairs medium sized, antipatharian corals is also provided. usually covering mid-dorsum; following ones very small, Furthermore, we also report on new findings of leaving mid-dorsum and parapodia uncovered. Prostomium Gorgoniapolynoe caeciliae (Fauvel, 1913) from deep waters off bilobed, subtriangular anteriorly, with or without distinct the Atlantic coasts of the Iberian Peninsula, living in association cephalic peaks, with two palps and three antennae. Ceratophore with the octocorals Candidella imbricata (Johnson, 1862) and of median antenna in anterior notch; lateral antennae inserted Corallium niobe Bayer, 1964. Both the genus and the species ventrally. First (tentacular) segment with a pair of tentaculophores are re-described based on these newly collected materials. inserted laterally to prostomium, with 1-2 aciculae and one slightly serrated unidentate notochaeta; facial tubercle Material and methods prominent; mouth surrounded by two lateral lips, one dorsal The specimens of P. greeffi and its host antipatharian with six–seven lobes, and one large ventral lip with 7-9 lobes. Tanacetipathes cf. spinescens were collected in different Second (buccal) segment with first pair of elytra, sub-biramous parapodia and long, tapering ventral cirri; without nuchal fold. locations off São Tomé and Cabo Verde Islands (see the Parapodia sub-biramous. Notopodia small, digitiform; corresponding Examined Material section and Table 1 for a notochaetae short, stout (not as stout as neurochaetae), tapering detailed list of samples and locations). Specimens from São to blunt tips, unidentate. Neuropodia with longer rounded Tomé Island were directly fixed and preserved in 70% ethanol, prechaetal lobes with subacicular digitiform processes; while those from Cabo Verde were fixed in formaldehyde postchaetal lobes short, rounded; neurochaetae stout, with faint (10% in seawater) and later rinsed with fresh water and spinous regions, and slightly hooked, unidentate all of same transferred to 70% ethanol. type. Dorsal cirri smooth, with cylindrical, relatively long The specimens of G. caeciliae were collected during the cirrophores and very long styles. Dorsal tubercles absent. 2010 and 2011 expeditions of the INDEMARES project by the Ventral cirri short, tapering. Nephridial papillae short, bulbous. Spanish Institute of Oceanography (IEO), at the Galicia Bank (associated with Candidella imbricata) and at the Avilés Parahololepidella greeffi (Augener, 1918) Canyon System (associated with Corallium niobe). Samples Zoobank LSID. http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: were collected with the help of a hard bottom grab (“Draga de FAED770C-2A9C-4EF6-AEC2-156863AED046 roca” in Spanish, DR in the respective sample codes). They were also directly fixed and preserved in 70% ethanol. Voucher (Figs. 1-7) specimens are deposited at the IEO (Gijón Laboratory, Spain) Hololepidella greeffi: Augener (1918), p. 148, pl. 2, figs. 22-24, pl. and the Okendo Museum (Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain). 3, fig. 52, text-fig. 9; Hartman (1959), p. 81; Rullier (1964), p. 130, fig. 3. Light microscope micrographs of
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