Bending the Knee to Baal? St

Bending the Knee to Baal? St. Ignatius on Jesuit Vocation Promotion

BARTON T. GEGER, SJ

WITH AN INTRODUCTION BY TIMOTHY P. KESICKI, SJ

48/4 WINTER 2016 THE SEMINAR ON JESUIT SPIRITUALITY

ѡѢёіђѠȱіћȱѡѕђȱѝіџіѡѢюљіѡѦȱќѓȱ ђѠѢіѡѠȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱǯ

ȱȱȱ ȱ¢ȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱ ǯȱȱȱęȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱ ǰȱ¢ȱȱȱȱ ǰȱȱ- ȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱ ȱ ȱȱ ǯȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱǯ

ȱȱȱȱѡѢёіђѠȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱǰȱ¢ǰȱȱ¢ǯȱȱ ȱęȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱǱȱȓǯȦǯ

CURRENT MEMBERS OF THE SEMINAR

Ǳȱȱȱ¢ȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱǯ

Casey C. Beaumier, SJǰȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱ ȱǰȱ ȱ ǰȱĴǯȱǻŘŖŗŜǼ

Guy Consolmagno, SJǰȱȱȱȱȱȱ¢ǰȱǯȱǻŘŖŗŚǼ

Barton T. Geger, SJǰȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱѡѢёіђѠǲȱȱȱ ȱ ȱȱ ȱ¢ȱȱȱ¢ȱȱǰȱǯȱǻŘŖŗřǼ

Michael Harter, SJǰȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ǰȱǯȱǰȱǯȱǻŘŖŗŚǼ

ǯȱĴȱ ǰȱ ǰȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱ¢ȱǰȱ ǰȱ ǯȱǻŘŖŗśǼ

Michael Knox, SJǰȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ¢ȱȱȱȱ ǰȱǰȱȱȱȱȱȱȱǯȱǻŘŖŗŜǼ

Hung Pham, SJǰȱȱ¢ȱȱȱ ȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱ ȱ¢ǰȱȱǰȱǯȱǻŘŖŗśǼ

John R. Sachs, SJǰȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱ¢ȱȱ ȱǰȱȱ ǰȱĴǯȱǻŘŖŗŚǼ

ȱȱ¡ȱȱѡѢёіђѠȱȱȱȱȱȱǯ

¢ȱȚȱŘŖŗŜȱȱȱ¢ȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱǯ

ȱŗŖŞŚȬŖŞŗř ђћёіћєȱѡѕђȱ ћђђȱѡќȱююљ?ȱ St. Ignatius on Jesuit Vocation Promotion

ȱǯȱ ǰȱ

ȱȱ ȱȱ ȱǯȱ ǰȱ

ȱȱ ȱȱ ȱȱ ȱȱȱȱ ȱ ŚŞȦŚȱȱȱȱȱyȱȱȱȱȱ ȱŘŖŗŜ a word from the Jesuit Conference . . .

ȃ rowth is the only evidence of life,” writes John Henry Newman in his Apologia pro Vita Sua. This mid-nineteenth century defense of the faith has become more than a prosaic argument: it can symbolize suc- cess for many organizations. Looking at the history of the Society, there is no question that we equate growth with vitality. Many of us walk in the footsteps of our founder in part to remember how vast and wide his vision has spread. Our mission, number, and legacy have left an indelible mark on the world, and we continue that mission today. But statistically there is a retrenchment in our ranks.

ȱŘŖŗśȱȱȱȱ¢ȱǰȱȱȱȱę¢ȱ¢ǰȱ major demographic shifts that go against Newman’s understanding of ¢ǯȱȱǰȱȱ¢ȱȱ¡ȱęȱ ȱȱ the Southern Hemisphere, where we have increased 32 percent in South Asia and more than doubled in Africa and Madagascar. Conversely, we have seen the assistancies of Europe, Canada, and the United States decline by 72 percent. The assistancies of Latin America have dropped 49 ǰȱ ȱȱ ęȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ŗŞȱ ȱ ǯȱ ǰȱ ȱ Society has declined 53 percent since 1965.

There is a school of thought that says that size follows function. ȱȱǰȱȱȱȱ ȱȱęȱȱǰȱȱȱ no right size for our organization. When I have discussed our assistan- ¢Ȃȱęȱ ȱȱ ǰȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ are “right-sizing” our provinces and not “downsizing” the Society. But the fact remains that we are half the size we were at the convocation of ȱ¢Ȭęȱȱȱǻ ȱřŗǼǯȱȱ ȱ ȱȱȱę¢ȱ years from now will require considerable thought, prayer, and action.

When I have spoken recently on these demographic shifts, I have emphasized the fact that the Society is the same size today as it was in 1910, and that our substantial increase in the mid-twentieth century was more of a “vocations bubble.” In other words, we should interpret these statistics as a burst in that bubble and not a monumental reversal of vocations. I like to emphasize how we should focus on the 16,600 Jesuits

iii ȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱ ȱȱȱ£ȱę¢ȱ¢ȱǯȱ ȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱȱĴȱȱȱȱȱ¢ǲȱǰȱ- pared to other religious institutes, we are ahead of that curve. I’ve even used the image of pruning a tree or vine: nature sometimes requires a Ĵȱȱȱȱ ȱ ȱȱǯ

Many factors have contributed to these noteworthy shifts, from the role of religion in society at large to the postconciliar changes within our least Society. No single monograph or study could begin to explain these numbers, but it is important that we discern our role in vocation promotion in light of these radically-shifting demographics. Vocation ȱȱȱȱȱȱ¢ǲȱǰȱȱȱȱ- ǰȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱęȱȱ Ĵȱǯ

Fifty years ago, our understanding of collaboration and partner- ȱ ȱȱǯȱȱȱ ȱȱȱěȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱ ǯȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱęȱȱ ȱȱȱ job, we hired from outside the Society. This all changed after the Second ȱǯȱ ȱřŚȱȱ ȱřśȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱ of cooperation with the laity for mission. At the conference level, the Assistancy Strategic Discernmentȱ ęȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱęǯȱȱ¢ȱȱȱ collaboration gave credence to the thought that size follows function. Since our institutions no longer required the number of vocations that ȱĴȱȱȱȬ ȱ¢ǰȱ ȱȂȱȱȱȱ¢ȱ the rapid drop in Jesuit vocations.

In visits to our assistancy, superior generals spoke of the essential nature of collaboration, with an eye to Jesuits improving their relation- ships with collaborators. In 2004, in an address at Creighton University, Fr. Kolvenbach said, “we Jesuits need to be not only friends and companions of the Lord and each other, we must be friends and companions of our partners in mission. This reciprocity of personal presence is central to our identity as Jesuits.” In 2009, during a visit to Loyola Marymount University, Fr. Nicolàs expanded this statement on collaboration by saying, “for there to be a partnership the question changes from ‘How can lay women and men assist Jesuits in their ministry’ to ‘How can Jesuits serve lay women and men in their ministries?’” Im- iv plicit in Fr. Nicolas’s statement was the understanding that the word their means that both Jesuits and collaborators share in the mission of an ȱ ǯȱȱ ȱ ȱȱ ȱȱȱĜȱ of the progress that we have been making in partnership formation and cooperation with the laity, how many of us asked what happens if there are no longer Jesuits with whom our lay companions might collaborate? How can we understand Fr. Kolvenbach’s call for reciprocity of personal presence if our Jesuit presence only continues to decline? How can we honor Fr. Nicolas’s call to “serve lay women and men in our ministries” if the future plays out as these statistics suggest?

In 2011, as provincial of the Chicago-Detroit Province, I gave my state of the province address to the province congregation that preceded the seventieth congregation of procurators. In my summary comments, I stated that I perceived the Society as a “company of men” and not a “network of institutions.” In choosing these words, I knew that they would be provocative if not polemical to the members of the congregation. Some immediately reacted by observing the facile nature of such distinctions—a predictable critique of Ours. Others asked if I was plan- ning a major shift of Jesuits away from certain works. But I wanted to Ěȱȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ heavily invested in apostolic institutions. Just as Saint Ignatius uses the image of “laborers in the vineyard of the Lord” in part 7 of the Consti- tutions, I wanted to suggest images of how we perceived ourselves as a province. In my provincial visitations, I heard many a Jesuit celebrate the fact that, despite our dwindling numbers, we were beginning new ǯȱ ȱȱȱ ȱȱĜ¢ȱȱȱȱ ȱȱ¢ȱ gave our institutions a stronger Jesuit identity than they might have ȱę¢ȱ¢ȱǯȱȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱǰȱ each year I heard the plea for more Jesuits in each of these works. In con- versations with our collaborators, I heard that they were not enthused about promoting Jesuit identity without the direct cooperation of Jesu- its. It was abundantly clear to me how much our networks depended on this company of men.

In the late nineties, when I studied educational administration at Teacher College in New York, I worked with the director of the Klingen- stein Center for Private School Leadership on approaches to promoting mission and identity in schools that faced a decline in Jesuits. I even

v asked what models existed for promoting the mission in schools with no Jesuits. The director encouraged me to study the Friends schools in the United States. These schools, which continue the core values of the Reli- gious Society of Friends, do not necessarily have an established connection with the Quakers or the formal practice of that faith. While I found the comparison helpful, that prognosis seemed bleak to me. I couldn’t ȱ¢ȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱ ȱȱǯȱęȱ our apostolic commitments to serve a greater apostolic need is consis- tent with the best practices of the Society. But for us to withdraw contin- ually, like a receding tide, because we simply accepted our downward vocations trajectory? This would lead many to question our vitality and prospects for the future.

Of course, the challenge of providing Jesuits for our apostol- ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱęȱȱǰȱ ȱȱ ȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱǯȱȱ ȱǯȱȂ¢ȱǻѐёѡǼȱ writes in The First Jesuits, “by 1553. . . . there were too few Jesuits for the number of schools, as well as for other commitments.”1 In this re- spect we have made great progress because, unlike those early years, we now have established statutes and sponsorship agreements for apostolic works. These agreements promise Jesuit identity with few to no Jesuits in the apostolate. Having helped draft and sign some of these sponsor- Ȧȱǰȱ ȱȱ ȱȱȱęȬǯȱ ȱ also know that in each case the agreement stipulates a clear and direct relationship with the Society.

ȱ řśȂȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ how important this direct relationship is. “The local Jesuit superior and local Jesuits do much to foster the connection between a Jesuit ministry and the Society. All Jesuits, but especially those assigned to a work, can help to foster a spirit of discernment and collaboration by their example ȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȄȱǻ ȱřśǱȱŜǰȱȗŗřǼǯȱ ȱ ȱ ȱřśȱȱ ȱȱǰȱ¢ȱȱȱȱ to this statement. They want to discern and collaborate with us. Decree 6 goes on to list the many works and associations with which the Society

1Ⱥȱ ȱ Ȃ¢ǰȱ The First Jesuitsȱ ǻǰȱ Ǳȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ǰȱ ŗşşśǼǰȱŘŘŝǯ vi has a bond and concludes by stating that they “deserve our continued spiritual accompaniment as well as our support for their apostolic service.”

There may not be an ideal size for the Society, but it is a challenge to understand how collaboration and partnership works when the Jesu- its have moved out of town or are far away from the apostolate. Perhaps we need to approach vocation promotion with the same enthusiasm that we approach collaboration—both are necessary for the apostolic vitality of the Society!

ȱ ȱȱȱȱĚȱȱ ȱȱȱ ȱ remembering my own call to the Society. I entered the Society two de- ȱȱȱ ȱȱ ȱǯȱ¢ȱĴȱȱȱ- ciety was not abstract or distant: I came to know the Society through the Jesuits who taught me. As an undergraduate, I encountered Jesuits ȱȱǰȱȱȱȂȱȱȱȱȱ ȱĚ- ȱȱȱȱǯȱȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱ ȱ Depression tended to evaluate a graduating class using the metric, how many entered the Society this year? On the other hand, those formed during or after the Second Vatican Council spoke of vocation more broadly, rec- ognizing the importance of lay, religious, and priestly calls. It was no surprise that the more senior members of the Jesuit community were the ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ǯȱǰȱ ȱ ȱĴȱ a CLC meeting or proclaimed a reading at Mass, a senior Jesuit would come to me afterward and ask, “have you ever thought of becoming a Jesuit?” He would then put me in touch with a younger Jesuit whom he felt could “speak my language.” I recognize how many Jesuits played a role in assisting my vocational discernment and I wonder if I would ȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱęȱȱȱȱȱǯȱ

Over the years, I have participated in many vocation meetings where I was asked to share my vocation story in a panel format along- side others. I cannot say that I looked forward to these meetings. While I was happy to see young people come to hear about religious life, I found my own story somewhat predictable and boring. I was reared in a strong Catholic family where the faith was the bedrock of our life. I had imagined becoming a priest when I was young and had a brother who was preparing for diocesan priesthood during the time of my discern-

vii ment. I had the opportunity to make the Spiritual Exercises in college and to work with a Jesuit spiritual director, and I had a positive visit to the Jesuit novitiate, which convinced me that I was called to this life. While I was grateful for the graces that had led me to this life, I didn’t like to talk about them. Compared to others who left corporate life for a “higher calling” or those who had already made their mark on the world before deciding to give it all to Christ, I felt somewhat ordinary. I tended to forget that the kind of disciples whom Jesus missions in Mark 6 are ordinary men who have an extraordinary calling.

ȱŘŖŗŗǰȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱ ȱ in Kingston, Jamaica. In his address to us, he asked, “how does a Society with so many admirers draw so few followers?” His clear straightfor- ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ Ǳȱȱ ȱȱȱĚȱ on these words. I hope that this current issue of ѡѢёіђѠ, devoted to vocation promotion in the Jesuits, further awakens our desire to invite more ordinary men to this extraordinary calling.

Although as president of the conference I have the care of ѡѢёіђѠ, I am not accustomed to writing in these pages. Since our new editor has writ- ȱȱǰȱ ȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱȱěȱ¢ȱ ȱȱ thanks to the following people.

ȱȱȱȱ¢ǰȱȱǯȱȱǻѢћђǼȱȱȱȱ chairman of the Seminar on Jesuit Spirituality and editor of this journal. He generously followed the outstanding twelve-year tenure of John W. ȱǻѢѐѠǼǯȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱęȱȱȱȱ College, Dick brought us more than forty issues of ѡѢёіђѠ and encouraged the level of depth to which Fr. Adolfo Nicolás has called us. Dick’s ¢ȱ¡ȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱ Ĵȱȱȱȱ of America £ȱȱȱȱȱęȱ ǰȱȱȱȱ a managing and executive editor of America. When Dick accepted this mission to chair the seminar and edit ѡѢёіђѠǰȱhe said that he wanted “to maintain the seminar as a place for historical and theological studies of Jesuits that will help direct us into the future.” The Jesuit Conference is ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱęȱȱǯ

ȱȱ ȱȱȱǯȱȱǯȱ ȱǻѢѐѠǼȱȱȱ¢ȱ¢- ing yes to serve as the new general editor of ѡѢёіђѠǯ Bart sees ѡѢёіђѠ as viii unique among Jesuit publications. When accepting this mission, he said, “as far as I know, there’s nothing quite like this in the English-speaking world.” Bart values this journal since it is dedicated to keeping our in- stitute alive, particularly a contemporary appropriation of our consti- ǰȱ¢ȱǰȱȱȱ¡ǰȱȱĴǰȱ and our history. As a scholar of the Constitutions from Universidad Pon- ęȱǰȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱǯȱ

¢ǰȱȱ ȱĚȱȱȱȱȱȱ¢ǰȱ ȱ ȱ to express my thanks to the vocation directors and promotors in our conference. While my introductory remarks highlight the demographic challenges that we now face, it is worth noting that this year our conference accepted its highest number of novices in a decade. While there ȱȱȱȱěȱȱȂȱǰȱ ȱȱȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱęȱǯȱ ȱȱȱ all of us have the freedom to say yes when asked to promote vocations to the Society.

Timothy P. Kesicki, SJ President, Jesuit Conference of Canada and the United States and a word from the editor . . .

ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ǯȱ ě¢ȱ ȃ¢ȄȱȱǻѐёюǼȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱ- ǯȱǯȱ¢ȱȱǻѤіѠ app њюџǼȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱ place. The seminar thanks Fr. Williams for his kind service and looks forward to his eventual return.

Barton T. Geger, SJ Editor

ǯȱ ћѡџќёѢѐѡіќћ ...... 1

ǯȱѡǯȱ єћюѡіѢѠȂѠȱџіћѐіѝљђȱюћёȱќѢћёюѡіќћ ...... Ş

ǯȱ њѝљіѐюѡіќћѠȱѓќџȱ ђѠѢіѡȱќѐюѡіќћȱџќњќѡіќћ ..... 14

ǯȱіѠѕіћєȱіћȱ ђѠѢіѡȱѐѕќќљѠ ...... ŗŞ

ǯȱȱіѡѡљђȱќџђȱќћȱȃђњѝѡіћєȱ ќёȄ ...... 30

ǯȱȱіѡѡљђȱќџђȱќћȱȃќњѝџќњіѠіћєȱџђђёќњȄ ...... 33

ǯȱќћѐљѢѠіќћ ...... řŞ

xi Barton T. Geger (ѢѐѠ) entered the Missouri Province in 1990. He received an MTh in Systematic Theology from Heythrop College in London, an STL from Weston Jesuit School of The- ¢ǰȱȱȱȱȱȱȱęȱȱȱ Madrid, with a dissertation on the Jesuit Constitutions. He is general editor of ѡѢёіђѠȱіћȱѡѕђȱѝіџіѡѢюљіѡѦȱќѓȱ ђѠѢіѡѠǯȱHe begins sabbatical after having completed a term as rector of the Jesuit communities at Regis University and St. Ignatius Loyola Parish in Denver. xii Bending the Knee to Baal? St. Ignatius on Jesuit Vocation Promotion

I. Introduction

ȱȱěȱȱȱȱȱ ¢ȱȱĴȱȱȱ ȱ¢ǯȱȱ ȱȱȱȱǯȱȱ¢ǰȱȱȱ J ȱȱĴȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ¢¢ȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱ¢ǰȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱ¢ȱǰȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱǯ

ǰȱȱȱȱǯȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ- ǰȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱǯ1ȱ¢ȱȱȱ ȱěȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱǰȱȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȬȬęȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱǯ

ȱǰȱȱ¢ȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱȬȱȱȱȱ ¢ȱ ȱȱȱȱǯȱ ȱȱȱę¢ȱ¢ǰȱȱ ¢ȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱǰȱȱřŜǰŖŖŖȱȱȱŗşŜśȱȱ ŗŝǰŖŖŖȱȱ¢ǯȱ ¢ǰȱȱȱȱǰȱȱȱȱ ȱ ȱ řŘȱȱřŜȱȱ¢ȱǰȱǰȱ¢ȱ ȱȱȱǱȱȱŗŖȱȱ ȱřŚǯȱ ȱȱ ȱȱ

1Ⱥȱ ǰȱvocation promotionȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ- ȱȱ ȱǰȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱǰȱ- ȱȱȱȱȱȱ ǰȱȱȱȱȱȱ ¢ȱȱȱǰȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱ ȱǯȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱ ȱȱ¢ǰȱȱȱǰȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱǰȱȱȱ ȱȱȱǯ 2 X Barton T. Geger, SJ

ȱǰȱȃȱ¢ȱȱ ȱȱęȱȱȱ ȱ- ȱǯȄŘ

ȱȱȱȱ ȱȱǯȱ ȱŗşşŝǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ŗŖȱ ȱ ȱ řŚǰȱ ǯȱ Ȭ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Ĵȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȃȱ ¡ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ǯȄřȱ ȱǱ

ȱ ȱȱȱ£ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȃǰȄȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ- ȱ¢ȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ¡ȱ ȱ ǯȱ ȱ ȱ - ȱȱȱȱȱ¢ǯȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ¢ǯŚ

ȱ ¢ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ǯȱ Ȃȱ ęȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱ¢ǰȱȱȱȱ ȱřśȱ ȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱǯȱ¢ȱǰȱ ǰȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱ ȱȱȱ¢ǯȱ¢ȱȱȱȃȱ ǰȱ- ¢ǰȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱǯȄś

ȱŘŖŗŘǰȱǯȱȱ¤ȱȱȱȱȱȱĴǱ

ȱȱȱȱǰȱȱȱȱȱǰȱȱ ȱȱȱȱ¢ǰȱȱȱȱȱȱ- ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ Ĵȱ ȱ ěȱ ȱȱǯŜ

ŘȺȱ Jesuit Life and Mission Today: The Decrees and Accompanying Documents of the 31st–35th General Congregations of the Society of Jesusǰȱǯȱ ȱǯȱǰȱ ȱǻǯȱǱȱ ȱȱ ȱǰȱŘŖŖşǼǰȱśşŚǯ řȺȱĴȱşŝȦŘǰȱȱǯȱŘşǰȱŗşşŝǰȱȃȱȱǯȄ ŚȺȱ ǯ śȺȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȃ ȱřśǱȱȱǱȱ ȱȱȱ¢ȱ ȱȱȱ¢ȱȱ ȱȱȱȱřśȱ ȱǰȄȱǯȱśǰȱ ȱȱ ǯ ǯǯ ŜȺȱȱ¤ǰȱ ǰȱȃȱȱ ǰȄȱŝŖǰȱǰȱ ¢ȱşȮŗśǰȱŘŖŗŘǰȱǯȱŗŖǯ Bending the Knee to Baal? W 3

ȱȱ££ȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱǯȱ ȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱ- ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ǯȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ - ȱ ǰȱȱȱǰȱȱȱ¢ǯȱȱȱǰȱȱ ȱȱȱȱęȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ¢ǯȱȱȱȱȱǰȱ ȱȱȱȱȱęǰȱȱ ȱǰȱ ȱȱ ȱ¢ǯ

ȱȱȱȱǰȱȱȱ£ȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ Ǳ

ȱǱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱěȱȱȱ ǯȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱǯȱ ȱ ȱȱ that mission faithfully and generously, then the same Lord will ȱȱȱȱĴȱȱȱ¢ǯȱǰȱ¡- ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱǯ

• ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢Ȭȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ - ¢Ȃȱǰȱȱȱȱȱ ¢Ȭȱȱȱ ǯȱȱȱ£ȱȱĴȱȱGaudium Evan- geliiȱ ȱȱȱȱǯ

• ȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱ¢ȱȱ ȱȱȱȱ¢ȱǯ

• ȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ- ȱȱȱ Ȃȱȱȱȱȱ¢ǯ

• ȱȱ ȱȱȱ ǯȱȱȱȱǰȱ - ȱȱȱ ȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱ- ǯ

• ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱǯȱȱȱȱȱȱȱŗśȱ ȱȱSpiritual Exercisesǯ

ȱǱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱ ǰȱȱ he still saw the need to ask men to join him. Jesuits therefore ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ - ble candidates, and prepared to discuss with them in a heartfelt 4 X Barton T. Geger, SJ

manner the Society’s mission and the joys and challenges of a ȱǯ

• ȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱ¡ȱȱȃȱ- ȄȱȱȃȱȄȱȱ ȱȱǯ

• ȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ ȱǯ

• ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱǱȱȱȱ ¢ǰȱȱȱȱȱ¡ȱȱȱǯ

• ȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱ¢ǰȱȱȱ¢ȱ ȱ¢ȱȱȱǰȱȱȱȱȱȱǱȱ ǰȱȱ ȱȱȱ¡ȱȱȱ¢ǯ

• ȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ¢ȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱǯ7 ȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ- ¢ȱ ȱȱǯ

ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ǯȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȯȱ¡ǰȱěǰȱǰȱ ¢ȱ - ǰȱ¢ǰȱǰȱȱȱȱȱȯ ȱ- ȱȂȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱȱ ǯ

ȱȱȱȱǰȱȱȱȱȱ¡ȱ¢ǰȱȱ- ȱ ȱ££ȱ¢ȱ ȱȱȱ ȱgyrovaguesǱȱȱ ȱ - ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ¢ǰȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱȱ ȱȱȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱ¡ǯȱȱ¢ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ¢ǰȱȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ¢ȱ ȱȱ¢ȱȯȱȱȱȱȯ ȱ¢ȱ-

7ȺȱĴȱŗŜǱŗŞǯ Bending the Knee to Baal? W 5

¢ȱ Ȃȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱ ¢ȱȱȱ ǯŞȱ ȱȱ ǰȱȱȱȱ ¢ǰȱ¢ȱ¢ȱ ȱȱ¢ȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱ ȱ ȱȱȱǯ

ȱȱ¢ǰȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ¢ȱȱȱ¢ȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱ ȱ ȱȱȱǯȱȱȱęȱȱǰȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱǰȱȃ ȱȱ¢ȱȱ¢ȱĴȱ ǯȱȱ ȱ ȱȱ ¢ȱȱȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱ ǯȄȱȱȱǰȱȃȱȱǱȱȱȱȱȱ¢ǯȄȱȱ- ȱ ȱȱȱȱǰȱȱȱȱǰȱȃ ȱȱ Ȃȱȱ ȱȱ¢ǯȄ

ȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱěȱȱ- ȱȱȱ Ȭȱǯȱȱȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱǰȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱ ȱ¢ȱ¢ȱ¢ȱȱ ȱȱȱȱǯşȱȱǰȱȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ ȱȱ ǲȱȱ ȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱ ¢ȱȱȱȱǵ

ȱȱȱ ȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱ ¢ǯŗŖȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǯ11ȱȱȱ¢ȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱǯȱǰȱ¢ȱȱęȱ ȱȱǰȱȱ¢ȱ¢ȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱ- ǯŗŘ

¢ǰȱȱȱ ȱȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Ĵȱ ȱ ¡ȱ ǯȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ǯȱ ǯȱ

ŞȺȱȱŗŘǱŗŜȮřŚǯȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȃȱȱȱǯȱ- Ȅȱ ǱŗŖȮŗŘǰȱȱȱȱȱȃȱȱȱȄȱ ǱŗřȮŝŚǯ şȺȱȱŗȱȱŞǱŗȮŘŝǲȱŗŘǱŗȮŘśǯ ŗŖȺȱĴȱŜǱŗşǰȱŘŚǰȱřŗȮřŘǯ 11ȺȱĴȱŗŖǱŗŜǲȱȱŗŜǱŞȮş ŗŘȺȱȱŗŚǱŘŞȮřŘǯ 6 X Barton T. Geger, SJ

¢ȱȱ ȱȱȱǰȱȱȱ ȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǯȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱǰȱȱȱ ȱȱ¢ȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱĜȱȱȱ ǲȱȱǰȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱěȱȱ¢ȱȱȱ¢ȱě¢ȱ ȱȱȱ¢ǯ

ȱȱȱǰȱȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȃȱȱȱȱǯȄŗř ¢ǰȱȃȱ Ȅȱ ȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱ ǯŗŚ

ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǵȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱǰȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱǯŗśȱ ȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱǰȱȱȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȯȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȯȱ ȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱ¢Ȭ- ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ǯŗŜ

ŗřȺȱȱŗŗǱŗȮŜǲȱŗȱ ȱŗşǱŗŞǯ ŗŚȺȱȱŜǱŗŜǲȱȱŚǱŗŘǲȱŗȱȱŗŖǱşǯȱȱ Ȃȱȃ¢ǰȄȱȗŝşǯŚǯ ŗśȺȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱMonumenta Historica Societatis Iesuȱǻ- ȱMHSIǼǰȱǯǯǰȱPolanci Complementa, Epistolae et commentaria P. Joannis Alphonsi de Po- lancoǰȱŘȱǯȱǻǰȱŗşŗŜȮŗşŗŝǼǰȱ ǱŘŘŜǲȱPatris Petri de Ribadeneira Societatis Jesu sacer- dotis Confessiones, epistolae aliaque scripta inéditaǰȱŘȱȱǻǰȱŗşŘŖȮŗşŘřǼǰȱ Ǳŗŝŝǯȱȱ ȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱŗȱ ȱŗşǰȱȱEpistolae mixtae ex variis Europae loci ab anno 1537 ad 1556 scriptaeǰȱśȱȱǻǰȱŗŞşŞȮŗşŖŗǼǰȱ ǱŚŖǯȱȱȱ ȱǰȱSt. ȱ¢ǱȱĴȱȱǰȱǯȱ ȱȱǻ ȱǱȱǰȱŗşŜŖǼǰȱřŞśǯ ŗŜȺȱȱȱ ǯȱ¢ǰȱ ǰȱȃȱ ȱȱȬǰȄȱȱStudies in the Spir- ituality of JesuitsȱŘśǰȱǯȱŗȱǻŗşşřǼǲȱ¢ȱȱȱ¡ȱȃȱȱȱȱȄȱ ȱȱ¡ǯȱȱȱȱ ǯȱǰȱ ǰȱȃȱȱȱ ȱȱǯȱǯȱǯȱǰȄǰȱReview for ReligiousȱŗŘȱǻŗşśřǼǰȱşȮŗŚǲȱ ǯȱǯȱǯȱǰȱ ǰȱȃȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȯǵǰȄȱ ȱ¢ȱȱŝŖȱǻŗşşŗǼǰȱŗŘśȮřŜǲȱȱǯȱǰȱ ǰȱȃȱ ȱ¡ǰȄȱ ȱ¢ȱŚŘǰȱǯȱřȱǻŘŖŖřǼǱȱřřȮŚŜǯȱ Bending the Knee to Baal? W 7

ǰȱ ȱ ¡ǰȱ Ȃȱ ȱ ȱ ŗśŚşȱ ȱ ȱ - ȱ ȱ ÈOYDUH]ǯ17ȱ ȱ ȱ £ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱǰȱȱȱȱęȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱ¢ǯȱȱȱǰȱȱ ȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱ ȱȱ ȱȱ- ȱȱȱǯȱÈ£ȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ ȱ- ¢ȱȱȱȱȱĜȱȱȱ Ȃȱǯȱ ȱ ȱȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱǯȱǯȱ ȱȱ ǻŗśŗŝȮŗśŝŜǼȱȱȱ£ȱȱȱȱȱȱǱ

ȱȱ ȱ¡ȱ¢ȱȱ¢ȱǰȱȱȱȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȯ¢ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ Ěȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱǯȱȱȱ¢ǰȱȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ¢ȱ ǰȱȱ ȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱ ȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱ Ȃȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ Ȃȱȱȱ ¢ǯȱȱȱȱǽ¢Ǿȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǯȱȱǰȱ ȱȱȱȱ ¢ȱȱ ǰȱȱ- ¢ȱȱȱ Ȃȱȱȱȱȱȱ ǰȱȱ- ȱȱ¡ǰȱȱȱ¢ǰȱȱȱȱȱ ȱęȱ ȱȱȱ ȱȱ ȱ ȱȱ - ȱȱǰȱȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱěȱ ȱ ¢ȱȱȱȱȱȱǰȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ǯŗŞ

17ȺȱȱȱȱȱĴǰȱȱ ȱ ȱ£ȱȱ ǰȱȱȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ£ȱȱȱǻŗŚŞŞȮŗśśŝǼǯȱ ȱ£ȱȱ ȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ¢ǯȱ ȱȱǰȱ ǰȱHistoria de la Compañía en la Asistencia de EspañaǰȱŝȱǯȱǻǱȱ £àȱ¢ȱǰȱŗşŖśȮŗşŘśǼǰȱ ǱŘŜŜǰȱřŘŜȮŚŖǯȱȱȱ ȂȱĴȱȱ£ȱȱȱ ǻǯȱŖŚŞŜȬǼǰȱȱǯȱŘśǰȱŗśŚŞǰȱȱMHSIǰȱMonumenta Ignatiana. Sancti Ignatii de Loyola Societatis Jesu fundatoris epistolae et instructionesȱǻȱ ȱǯǼǰȱŗŘȱǯȱǻǰȱ ŗşŖřȮŗşŗŗǼǰȱ ǱŚŞŝȮşŖǯȱ ŗŞȺȱĴȱŝŝŜǰȱMHSIǰȱ ȱǯȱ ǱŚŝşȮŞŖǲȱǯȱȱǯȱǰȱ ǰȱȱIgnatius of ¢ǱȱĴȱȱ ȱǻǯȱǱȱ ȱȱ ȱǰȱŘŖŖŜǼǰȱŘŞŝȮŞŞǯ 8 X Barton T. Geger, SJ

ȱȱȱ Ȃȱȱȱȱǰȱȱȱ ȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱ ȱę¢ȱȱȱȱȱ ȱǯȱ ǰȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱ ǲȱȱȱȱȱ- ȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ ¢ȱȱǯ

¢ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ - ¢ȱȱ ȱǯŗşȱȱ ȱȱ¡¢ȱȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ Ěȱ ȱ ȱ ȱǰȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱǯȱ ¢ȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱęȱȱ ȱȱ¢ȱȱĜǲȱǰȱȱȱǰȱ¢ȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱ ȱ¢ǯȱ¢ȱȱȱ ȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱȱǰȱ ȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱ¢ǯȱ¢ȱ ȱȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǯȱ ¢ȱȱǰȱȱȱȱǰȱȱǰȱ ȱȱ ĴȱǰȱȱȱȱȱĚȱȱȱ ǰȱȱȱȱ ȂȱǯŘŖ

ȱȱǰȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱ ȱ - ¢ǯȱ ȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱŗśŗŘǰȱȱ ȱȱȱ ŘǰŖŖŖȱǯ

ȱǰȱȱȱŘŖŖȱȱȱȱȱȱ ǯ

ǯȱǯȱ Ȃȱȱȱ

ȱŗśřŜǰȱ ȱ ȱȱĴȱȱȱǰȱȬȱȱȱ ǰȱěȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱǯȱ - I ȱ¢ȱȱȱ ȱȱĴȱ ȱȱȱǯȱ ȱ

ŗşȺȱȱȱǯȱ ǰȱǯǰȱȱ¢Ǳȱȱȱǻ ȱǱȱ ȱǰȱŗşşŜǼǲȱǽ¢ǾǰȱThe Life of Saint Cajetan, Count of Tiene, Founder of the Theatinesǰȱǯȱ¢ȱ ȱǻǱȱȱȱȱǰȱŗŞŞŞǼǰȱǯȱǯȱ ŘŘŜȮřŚǯȱȬȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱ ǯ ŘŖȺȱ ȱŗśŘŚǰȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ- ǰȱȱ¢ȱ¢ȱȱ¢ȱ¢ǯȱ Ȃȱȱȱȱȱȱ Jesuit ConstitutionsǰȱȱȱȱȱǻȗŗřŚǼǰȱȱȱȱȱȱǯ Bending the Knee to Baal? W 9

ȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱ ȱǰȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȃ ȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱȱ ĴǯȄŘŗ

ȱ Ĵȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǯȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱȱǰȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȯ ȱȱȱȱȱ ȯ ȱ ȱ¢ȱ ȱȱȱ ȱĴǯȱ ȱȱȱǰȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱȱ ¢ǰȱ ȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱ ȱ ¢ȱȱǯ

ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ- ¢ȱ ȱ¢ȱȱǯȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱĴǯȱȱȱ ¢ȱȱȱȱȱgreaterȱ¢ȱȱ ǰȱȱ¢ȱ ȱȱȱ ȱǯȱ ȱ Ǳ

ȱȱȱȱȱȱĜȱȱǯȱǯȱǯȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱ¢ȱ ȱȱȱ ¢ȱȱȱȱȱǰȱ ȱif it were to increase in companions, then it would be more likely to be of greater service and praise of the Lordǯȱ ȱȱ¢ȱȱȱ¡ȱ¢ȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱǯŘŘ

¢ȱ ȱ ȱ£ȱȃȱȱȱȱȄȱȱ ȱ ȱȱȱ Ȃȱȱ¡ǯȱ ȱȱȱǰȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ- ȱ ȱȱȱǯȱ ȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ¢ȱȱȱȱěȯȱȱgo set the ȱȱęǷȯȱȱ ȱȱȱȱęȱȱȱ- ȱȱȱ¡ȱȱȱǰȱȱȱ¢ȱȱǯ

ȱ¢ȱǰȱȱȱ ȱConstitutionsǰȱ ȱȱȱȱ greaterȱȱȱȱȱ ǰȱȱȱgreaterȱ¢ȱȱȱgreater ǰȱ ¡¢ȱŗŚŖȱǰȱ¢ȱȱ¢ȱęȱĜȱǯȱ ȱȱŝǰȱȱ¡ǰȱȱȱȱȱęȱȱ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ

ŘŗȺȱǯȱ ȱǯȱ£ȱȱȱǰȱSaint Ignatius of Loyola: Personal ȱǻǱȱȱǰȱŗşşŜǼǰȱŗŚŗǯȱȱȱ¡ȱ¢ȱȱȱĴǰȱȱ- ȱǯȱǰȱȃ ȱȱ¢ȱȱ ȱȱǱȱȱȱȱǰȄȱ Catholic Historical ReviewȱŜŝȱǻŗşŞŗǼǱȱřŞŜȮŚŖŖǯ ŘŘȺȱMHSIǰȱ ȱǯȱ ǱŗŗśȮŗŜǲȱǯȱ£ȱȱǰȱŗŚŗǲȱ¢ȱǯ 10 X Barton T. Geger, SJ

ȱȱȱǯȱȱ ȱȱȱ ȱ ȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱ ǰȱ¢ȱǰȱȱȱȱǰȱ ȱȱȱȱ ȱ ȱȱȱ ȱȱȱ Ȃȱ- ǯȱ ȱȱȱȃȱȱȱǯȄŘřȱ ȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱ ¢ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱǯŘŚ

ȱ Ȭ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ Spiritual Exercisesǯȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ Ǳ

ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱǰȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱǯŘś

ȱ ȱ Spiritual Exercisesǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ - ǰȱȱȱȱ ȱ ȱȱ¢ȱȱ ǯȱȱȱȱȱȱ ¢ȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱǯŘŜȱȱȱǰȱȱ ȱȱȱęȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ¢Ǳȱthe human person is created to glorify Godǯ

ǰȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱ ȱmoreǱ

ȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱ ȱȱȱȱǽmásǾȱ ȱȱȱȱ ȱ ȱȱǯŘŝ

ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ¡ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱȱgreaterȱ¢ȱȱ ǯȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱSpiritual

ŘřȺȱ ȱȱȱǰȱǯȱ ȱǰȱ ǰȱȱȱ¡ȱthe more uni- versal goodȱȱȱȱȱȱConstitutionsȱȱȬȱ¢ǯȱ ȱȱ ǰȱ ǰȱThe Common Good and Christian Ethicsȱǻȱ¢ȱ ǰȱŘŖŖŘǼǰȱřȮşǯ ŘŚȺȱǯȱȗȗȱŜŘŘȮŘŚǯ ŘśȺȱǯȱ¡ǯȱȗŘřǲȱǯȱ£ȱȱǰȱŘŞşǯ ŘŜȺȱ ǯȱ ¡ǯȱ ȗȗŘŖǯŜǰȱ ŚŜǰȱ şŞǯŘǰȱ ŗśŖǯŘǰȱ ŗśśǯŘǰȱ ŗśŝǯřǰȱ ŗŜŝǯŗǰȱ ŗŜŞǯŘǰȱ ŗŜşǯŘǰȱ ŗŜşǯŝǰȱ ŗŝŝǯŗǰȱ ŗŝŝǯŘǰȱŗŝşǯŗǰȱŗŝşǯřǰȱŗŞŖǯŗǰȱŗŞŗǰȱŗŞřǯŘǰȱŗŞşǯśǰȱŗŞşǯşǰȱŘŚŖǯŘǰȱřŗŜǯřǰȱřŘŘǯŘǯȱPraiseǰȱreverenceǰȱȱ serviceȱȱȱȱȱSumma Theologiaeȱȱǯȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱǻ ǯ ǯǰȱǯȱŞŗǰȱȱŗȮŞǼǯ ŘŝȺȱ ǲȱ¢ȱǯ Bending the Knee to Baal? W 11

ExercisesȱȱȱȱȱǯŘŞȱ ȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱ- ¢ǰȱȱȱȱȱǰȱ ȱȱĜȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ¢ȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱ- ȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱǯŘş

ǰȱȱ ǰȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Ȃȱ ȱ ¢ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱĴȱȱěȱ ȱȱȱǰȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱȱ¢ǯȱȱ ¡ǰȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱ ¢ȱȱ¢ȱ ȱ¢ȱȱȱȱ¢ȱ¢ǰȱǰȱȱ ȱȱȱȱǰȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ¢Ȭ- ȱȯȱ¡ǰȱȱȱȱǰȱȱ ȱ- ǰȱȱȱȬȱȱǰȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱǯȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱ ȱȱ ǰȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱ- ¢ǯȱ ȱȱȱ ȱȱȱǰȱȱȱȱ¢ǰȱȱ¢ȱȱȱ ȱȱ ȱǯ

ȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱĴȱȱǰȱȱȱ ȱ¢ȱȱ ȱȱȱȱǱ

ŘŞȺȱ ǯȱ ¡ǯȱ ȗȗȱ ŗśŘǰȱ ŗŜŞǰȱ ŗŝşǰȱ ŗŞŖǰȱ ŗŞřǰȱ ŗŞśǰȱ ŗŞşǰȱ ŘŚŖǰȱ řřşǯȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱȱȱ ȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱǯȱ ȱ¢ǰȱȱȱǰȱȃ ȱ ȱȱ ȱȱȱȱǰȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱ ȱ ȱ¡ȱȱȱ ȱ ȱȱ ȱȱǰȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ¢ȱȱ ǯȄȱȱ¢ǰȱȱȱȱ¡ȱȱ¢ȱ ȱȱȱǰȱȱ ǰȱȱȱȱǰȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱ¢¢ǰȱȱȱǯȱȱ ǰȱ ǰȱȱ ¢ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱȱȱȱǯȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȂȱ ǰȱǰȱǰȱȱȱȱȱȱȂȱ ȱ¢ȯ ȱ ȂȱȱȱȃȱȱȱȄȯȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ ¢ǰȱȱȱȱ¢ǰȱȱȱȱȱȱȱǯȱ¢ǰȱ ȱȱȱęȯȱȯȱȱȱ ȱȱȱǯȱȱSpiritual ExercisesǰȱConstitutionsǰȱȱĴȱȱ ȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱ ȱȱǯȱȱ ȱǰȱ ǰȱȃ ȱȱȱȱȱǰȄȱ ȱ¢ȱȱśśȱǻŗşŞŜǼǱȱŝŝȮŞŞǲȱȱǯȱ ǰȱ ǰȱȃȱMagisȱ¢ȱȱȱ ¢ȱ ȱĴǰȄȱȱJesuit Higher Education: A JournalȱŗǰȱǯȱŘȱǻŘŖŗŘǼǱȱŗŜȮřŗǯ ŘşȺȱǯȱ¡ǯȱȗřřřǯ 12 X Barton T. Geger, SJ

ȱȱǽȱ¢ǰȱȱǰǾȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱęȱȱȱ ȱ ǯȱǯȱǯȱȱȱȱ¢ǰȱȱ¡¢ȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱ ¢ǰȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ¡ǰȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱ¢ǰȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱ Ȃȱ ȱ¢ȱȱȱǯȱǯȱǯȱǯȱ ȱȱȱȱȱ¡ȱǽmáximaǾȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱ ȱǰȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱǯřŖ

ȱȱĴȱȱǰȱ ȱȱȱ¡ȱȱȱ- ȱȱȱǯȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱ ȱȱȱǯȱ ȱȱȱȱ ȱȱ¢ȱ ǰȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȬȱȱȱȱȱǯȱȱȱ ȱȱȱ Ȭȱȱȱǰȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ¢ȱȱ ȱȱȱȱ¡ǰȱȱȱȃ¢ȱȱǯȄřŗȱ ȱ ȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱǰȱ ȱȱ¢ȱȱȂȱȱ ȱȱȃȱ¢ȱȱ ȱ ȱȱȱǯȄřŘ

ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¡ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱ¢ǰȱȱȱȱ ȱ ¢ȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱǰȱ¢ȱȱȱ ¢ȱȱĜǯȱǰȱ ȱȱǰȱȱȱȱǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ǰȱȱȱȱęȱĴȱȱ¢ȱȱ¡¢ȱȱ- Ȃȱȱǯřřȱȱǰȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱĴȱȱȱǰȱȱȱȱȱȱǰȱȱȱ ȱȱȱ Ǳ

ȱ¢ȱ ȱȱȱ ¢ȱȱȱgreaterȱȱȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱǰȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ

řŖȺȱǯȱ£ȱȱǰȱŗŚŗǯȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȃ¡Ȅȱǰȱȱ ȱȃȱȱȄȱǻprincipio y fundamentoǼȱȱȱSpiritual Exercisesǰȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ¢ǯ řŗȺȱǯȱ£ȱȱǰȱŗŚŘǯ řŘȺȱ ǯ řřȺȱȱȱǯȱȗŜŘřǯ Bending the Knee to Baal? W 13

ȱmoreȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ ȱȱmore ¢ȱ ȱǰȱȱȱȱ ȱ¢ȱȱȱ more peopleȱȱȱȱǯřŚ

ǰȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱ¢ǰȱ ȱęȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȃ Ȅȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ Ǳ

ȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱǰȱȱ¢ȱ ȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱęȱǰȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱǯȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱ ȱȱȱǰȱȱ ȱǰȱ ȱ ¢ȱĴȱ¢ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ęȱȱ ȱȱǰȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ- ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱ ȱmaintained and expandedǰȱȱȱgreater service and greater glory ȱȱȱ¢ǯȱ¢ȱȱȱȱ- ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱ ǰȱ ȱ¢ȱ ȱ ȱȱȱǰȱȱȱ ȱȱȱ¢ȱȱ ȱȱ ȱǯřś

ȱęȱȱȱęȱȱȱȱǱȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ ȱȱ ȱȱȱȱǯ

řŚȺȱǯȱ£ȱȱǰȱŗŚřǯȱ ȱǰȱ Ȃȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱ ǰȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȂȱ¢ȱȱ ǰȱ ȱǯȱȱȱ¢ȱ ȂȱǰȱȱȱĜȱȱȱȱȱ- ǰȱȱ ȱǰȱȱ¢ȱ ȱǯȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱĴȱǻȱǰȱȃ ȱȱ¢ȱȱ ȱȱǰȄȱ řŞşȮşŗǼǰȱ ǰȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Ĵǯ řśȺȱ ǲȱ¢ȱǯ 14 X Barton T. Geger, SJ

III. Implications for Jesuit Vocation Promotion

ȱȱȱȱǰȱȱȱ ȱȱȱ¢ȱ¢ȱȱȱ Ȃȱȱȱȱǯȱȱ ȱȱȱȱ I ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ¡ǯ

ǰȱȱ ǰȱȱȱȱǰȱȱȱȱ£ȱȱȱ ¢ǰȱȱȱȱ ȱȱ Ȃȱ¢ȱȱȱȱǯřŜȱ ȱ the Constitutionsǰȱ ȱęȱȱȱ¢ȱȱ ȱȱȱ- ¢Ȃȱ¢ȱȱȱǱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱ ǰȱȱ ȱȱǰȱ ȱȱgreaterȱ¢ȱȱ ǯȱǰȱȱ ȱȱȱ ȱȱǱ

¡ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ǯȱ ǯȱǯȱǯȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱǽ Ȃȱȱȱ¢ǰȱ¢ȱ ȱǰȱȱȱȱ ȱ¢ȱǾǰȱ¢ȱȱȱȱ¢ȱ ȱȱȱǰȱ ǰȱȱ ȱȱȱȱǰȱȱ ȱȱȱ ȱȱ¢ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱǰȱ¢ȱȱȱȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ęȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱȱǰȱ ȱ ȱ¢ȱȱȱ- ȱȱȱ¢ȱ¢ȱ¡ȱȱȱ¢ȱbut also by the other outward means ordained by his divine providence for our helping each otherǯȱȱȱ¢ȱȱ£ȱ ȱȱȱȱ ¢ȱ ¢ȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱǱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱǰȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱ ȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¡ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ǯȱ ǰȱ ¢ȱ ¢ȱ ǯřŝ

ȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȃȱ ȱȱȱȱ ȱǰȄȱȱȱȱȱȱȱǯȱ ȱ¢ȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱ- ȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱǱȱȱ¡ȱȱ

řŜȺȱȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱ¡¢ȱȱ- ȱȱȱRegimini militantis ecclesiaeǯȱȱȯ¢ȱȯ ȱȱ ȱȱȱȱ ǰȱ ȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱ ȱ ȱȱǯ řŝȺȱĴȱŗŜşǰȱMHSIǰȱ ȱǯȱ ǱŚşŝȮşŞǲȱǯȱǰȱŗŜŜȮŜŝǯ Bending the Knee to Baal? W 15

ȱ Ȃȱȱȱȱǰȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱěȯȱǰȱȱȃȱ¢Ȅȱ ȱȱȱSpiritual Exercisesǯȱȱȱȱ ȱȱǰȱȱ ȱ ȱȱǯȱǰȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱĜȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ¢ȱ ȱȱȱ that it ȱȱȱ ȱȱǯ ȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȃȱȱȱ ȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱ ǯ Ȅȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ Constitutionsǯȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱ£ȱȱȱ- ¢ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ- ǯȱȱ¡ǰȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱ ȱ- ȱȱ¢ȱǰȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȃěȱ ȱȱ¢ǯȄřŞȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱǰȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱǯ

ȱǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱ¡ȱȱȱȱ ȯȱȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȱǯȱ ȱȱ¢ȱ¢ȱȱȱ ȱ¢ȱȱȱ¢ȱ¢ȱȱęȱȱȱ ȱǰȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱǯřşȱ- ¢ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ¢ǰȱ ȱ ǯȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱȃȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȄȱǻqua- mplurimi et quam aptissimiǼǯŚŖȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱ ȱȱConstitutionsȱ ȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȃȄȱǻturbaǼȱ ȱȱ¢ǯȱȃȱǰȄȱȱ ǰȱȃȱȱǰȱ ȱȱ ȱȱȱȱǽgente escogidaǾǰȱȱȱǯȄŚŗ

řŞȺȱǯȱȗŘŗŖǯ řşȺȱȱȱǯȱ ǰȱ ǰȱȃȱFirstȱȱǱȱȱȱ ȱȱ ȱȱȱȱ ǰȄȱȱStudies in the Spirituality of JesuitsȱŚŚǰȱǯȱŘȱǻŘŖŗŘǼǯ ŚŖȺȱMHSIǰȱEpistolae P. Hieronymi Nadal Societatis Jesu ab anno 1546 ad 1577ǰȱśȱǯȱ ǻǰȱŗŞşŞȮŗşŖśǼǰȱ ǱśŚŞǯȱȱȱǯȱȗŗŚŚǯ ŚŗȺȱǯȱȗŜśŞǰȱȱȱȗŜśŝǰȱȗŞŗşǯȱGente escogidaǰȱ¢ȱȃȱǰȄȱ ȱ ¢ȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱ ǯȱǯȱ ȱǰȱ ǰȱ £ȱ Ȃȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ 16 X Barton T. Geger, SJ

ȱȱȱ ȯȱ ȱ¡¢ȱȱȱȱȱCon- stitutionsȯȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱ- ȱȱȱǯŚŘȱȱȱȱȱȱ ¢ǰȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱ ȱȱȱǱȱ¢ȱęǰȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ ȱ¢ȱ ȱǯŚřȱȱȱǰȱ ȱĜȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱConstitutionsȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱ ȱ ȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱ ǯŚŚȱ ȱȱ ȱȱȱ ȱȱ- Ǳ

ȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱ ȱȱȱȱ ǰȱ ¢ȱȱȱ ȱ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱȱ¢ȱȱ ȱȱȱ ǰȱwhich not only [calls you] to serve God your- selves but to draw many others to work for his service and honorǯȱǯȱ ǯȱǯȱȱǽǾȱȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱ ǽ ȱ ȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ- ęǾȱ ȱȱȱǰȱȱȱȱȱĴȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱǯȱȱ ȱ ǽȱȱǾȱȱȱȱȱmerely engaging in actions that ȱ¢ȱȱȱȱĜǯŚś

ȱȱ£ȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱǰȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ- ǰȱȱȱȱǯȱȱȱǰȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱęĴȱȱȱ- ǯȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱĴȱȱȱ ȱ ȱ¢ȱ ȱȱȱŗśśŗǰȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱǯȱȱęȱ ȱȃȱȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱǰȱȱȱ

ȱȱȱ ȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȃȱȱȄȱǻIgnatius: The Man and The Priestǰȱǯȱ ȱ¢ȱǽǱȱ ǰȱŗşŝŝǾǰȱŚśǼǯ ŚŘȺȱǯȱȗŘŖŚǯřǯ ŚřȺȱȱ ȱȱȱȱConstitutionsȱȃ£Ȅȱȱ¢ȱȱ ȱȱȱ¡ǯȱȱȱȱȱǰȱǰȱȱȱȱȱ ǰȱȱȱȱȱȱǯȱȱȱ¡ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱ ǰȱ ȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȯȱ ȱȱǰȱȱȯ¡¢ȱȱȱȱȱ- ǯȱȱ ǰȱȱ¡ȱȱȱ¢ȱȱ ȱȱȱ£ȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱ¡ǯ ŚŚȺȱǯȱȗȗȱŝŗşǯśǰȱŝŞşǯřǰȱŝşŖǯŗǯ ŚśȺȱĴȱŗŜşǰȱMHSIǰȱ ȱǯȱ ǱśŖŖȮśŖŗǲȱǯȱǰȱŗŜŞȮŜşȱǲȱ¢ȱǯ Bending the Knee to Baal? W 17

ǯȄŚŜȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȃȱęȱȱ- ȱȱȱȱ¢ǯȄȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȃȱȱ ȱȱȱȱ ȱȂȱȱǽǯǯǰȱęȱȱ- ȱǾǰȱȱȱȱȱȱȱĴȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ęȱȱȱǯȄȱȱĴȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ- ȱȱȱǯ

ȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱ ȱȱȱ¢ȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱȱ- ǯȱȱȱȱȱȱConstitutionsǰȱȱȱǰȱ ȱ¡- ¢ȱĜȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱ¢- ȱȱ Ǳ

ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ǰȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱ ǰȱ ȱȱ ȱȱȱȱǲȱȱȱ ȱȱȱ ȱȱ ȱȱ ȱȱȱȱǰȱȱȱ¢ȱ¡- ȱǰȱȱȱ ȱȱ¢ȱȱȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱȱ ȱȱȱȱǲȱǰȱ ȱthe gentle arrangement of Divine Providence requires cooperation from His creaturesǰȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱǰȱȱȱȱ¡ȱȱ¢ȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱǰȱ ȱȱȱ¢ȱ ȱȱȱȱ ĴȱȱȱȱȱȱĴǰȱ ȱ¢ȱ ȱȱ ǰȱȱȱȱȱȱ- ȱ ȱ ȱȱǯŚŝ

ȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱ¢ȱǯȱǰȱȱȱȱConstitutionsǰȱ - ȱȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱ¢ǯȱ ȱȱşǰȱȱ ȱȱȱ ȱȱȱ¢ȱ ¢ȱȱĴȱ¢ȱȱǰȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ ȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱǱ

ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǽȱ Ǿǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱ

ŚŜȺȱĴȱŗŞşşǰȱMHSIǰȱ ȱǯȱ ǱśŚŘȮŚřǲȱǯȱǰȱřŚŜǯ ŚŝȺȱǯȱȗŗřŚǲȱ¢ȱǯ 18 X Barton T. Geger, SJ

ȱȱ ȱȱ ȱȱȱ ȱȱȱ ȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ǰȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¡ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǲȱ - ¢ǰȱǰȱȱȱ ȱ¢ȱȱȱęȱȱǰȱ ȱȱȱ ȱ¢ȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǯȱȱ ȱȱȱȱęȱȱȱȱȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱȱȱǰȱȱȱȱ- ȱǰȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱǯȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱǯŚŞ

ȱȱȱConstitutionsǰȱ ȱǱ

ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱ- ȱȱǰȱȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱ- ȱȱ ȱȱȱ¢ȱ¢ȱȱȱȱǰȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱ ȱȱȱęȱȱȱȱ ǰȱȱ ȱȱ¢ǯŚş

ȱǰȱ Ȃȱȱȱ ȱȱȱ ȱȱ ȱȱǯȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱǵȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ- ¢ǵ

ǯȱȱȱ ȱ

ǯȱ ȱǯȱȂ¢ȱǻѐёѡǼǰȱȱȱȱȱThe First Jesuitsǰȱȱ ȱ¢ȱȱ¢ȯȱȱȱ ȱȱ¡- ¢ȱȱȱĴȯ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱ Ȭ¢Ȭ śŖ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱǯ ȱ¢ȱ ȱȱęȯȱȱȱ ȂȱȱȃęȱȱǯȄśŗ

ŚŞȺȱǯȱȗŞŗŚǯ ŚşȺȱǯȱȗŗŚŚǯ śŖȺȱ ȱǯȱȂ¢ǰȱ ǰȱThe First JesuitsȱǻǰȱǱȱ ȱ¢ȱ ǱȱŗşşŚǼǰȱŗŗŘȮŗŚǯ śŗȺȱĴȱŚǱŗşǯ Bending the Knee to Baal? W 19

¢ǰȱȱęȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȯȱȱǰȱȱ¢ǰȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱǯȱȂ- ¢ȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȃȱǰȱȱ¢ǯȄśŘ

Ȃ¢ȱȱ ȱȱȱ ȱęȱȱȱ- ȱȱȱǯȱǰȱ ȱȱȱȱȱǯȱ ȱȱŗśśşȱ Ĵȱȱȱȱ¢ǰȱȱ¡ǰȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱ ȱȱ ȱ¢ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱęȱ¢ǯśř ǰȱ ȱȱ¢ȱȱȱǯȱȱǰȱ - ǰȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱ Ȭ¢Ȭ ȱȱ- ǰȱȱȱ¢ȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȃȄȱȱȱǰȱ ǰȱȱǯśŚ

¢ȱ ȱȱȱȱęȱ ȱȱȱȱ- ǯȱ ȱǰȱȱȱȱȱȱĴȱȱȱȱ ǯȱȱ ȱȱ ¢ǰȱȱ Ǳ

ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ěȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ǯȱ ǯȱ ǯȱ ǯȱ ȱ ęȱ ȱ ¢ȱ - ¢ ǰȱȱȱȱȱȱ ¢ǰȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱǯȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱĜȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ ȱȱȱ ȱȱȱ¢ǰȱȱȱ ȱȱȱ ȱȱǯśś

Ȃȱȱȱ ȱȱǯȱ ȱȱȱȱ- ¢ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȃȱǰȱ ȱ¢ǰȄȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱ¢ȱȱǯȱȱȱȱ- ¢ȱȱȱȱ Ȃȱȱ ȱȱȱ ǯȱȱȱǰȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱĜȱȱ- ȱȱȱ ȱ¢ȱ ȱȱǯȱ

śŘȺȱȂ¢ǰȱThe First Jesuitsǰȱŗŗřǯ śřȺȱ ǯ śŚȺȱ ǯ śśȺȱMHSIǰȱNadalȱ ǱȱŘŗŚȮŗśǲȱȱȱNadalȱ ǱŜŜŚǲȱ ǱŘřŞǲȱȱȂ¢ǰȱThe First JesuitsǰȱŘřŚȮřŝǯ 20 X Barton T. Geger, SJ

ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ¡ȱȱȱęȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱǯȱ ȱ¢Ȃȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ęȱ ȱȱȱǰȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱ ȱȱǰȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱ£ȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱěȱȱ¢ȱȱ ȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱ¡ȱǯȱȱȱȱ- ȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ¢ǰȱ ȱȱȱȱ ȱȱǰȱȱȱ¡ȱȱ- ȱǯ

ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱ ¢ȱ ȱ¢ȱ ȱȱ¢ǯȱ¢ȱŗśśŜǰȱ ȱ ȱȱȱ- ¢Ȭęȱǰȱȱȱȱ¡ȱȱ¡¢ȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱǯśŜȱ ȱŗşŝŚǰȱȱȱȱȱȱ ¢ȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱȱ ¢ȱ¢ȱ ȱȱȱǰȱȱ¢ȱǰȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱ¢ǰȱȱȱȱ¢Ȭ ȱȱ- ȱ Ĵȱ¢ȱȱ ȱ ȱŗśŝŚȱȱŗśŞŖǯśŝȱ- ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱȱ¢ȱȱ ȱȱȱ¢ȱȱ¢ȱȱȱ ¢ȱȱ- ǯ

ǰȱȱȱĚȱ ȱȱȱȱ ȱ- ȱȱ ȱȱȱ¢ȱȱǰȱȱȱĴȱ ȱȱ ȂȱȱǯȱȱȱȬȱȱ ȱȱě¢ǰȱǰȱȱȱȱȱǯȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱŗśŜŖǰȱ¢Ȭęȱȱȱȱȱȱ ǰȱ ȱȱȱȱȱǰȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱǯȱ ȱȱȱŗśŝŖǰȱȃ¢ȱȱȱȄȱȱȱȱǯśŞȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱŗśşŖǰȱȱęȱȱȱ¢ȱǯśş

śŜȺȱȂ¢ǰȱThe First JesuitsǰȱŘŖŜȮŖŝǯ śŝȺȱȱȱǰȱȃ¢ȱȱ ȱ ȱŗśŚŖȮŗŜŖŖǰȄȱHistorical Papersȱşǰȱ ǯȱŗȱǻȱ ȱǰȱŗşŝŚǼǱȱŘřŝȮśŞǯ śŞȺȱ ǯǰȱŘśŖȮśŗǯ śşȺȱ ǯ Bending the Knee to Baal? W 21

¢ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ǯȱ ȱŗśŜŖǰȱȱ ȱǲȱ¢ȱȱȱȱ ȱȱ¢ǯȱȱ ȱȱ ȱ¡ȱȱ¢ǱȱşǯŞƖȱȱǰȱŘśǯŜƖȱȱ ǰȱȱřŗǯŞƖȱȱ ¢ǯŜŖ

ȱȱ ȱĜȱ ȱęȱȱȱǯȱǰȱ¢ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱǰȱȱȱȱȱ ȱęȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ¢ǯŜŗȱǰȱȱ ȱǯȱ ȱ ȱǻŗśśŖȮŗśŜŞǼǰȱ ȱȱ ȱȱȱǰȱȱ ǯȱ¢ȱ £ȱǻŗśŜŞȮŗśşŗǼǰȱ ȱȱ ȱȱ¢ȱǰȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱǯȱȂȱȱȱ ȱȱǯŜŘȱȱ ¢ǰȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱ¢ǯŜřȱ¢ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱ Ȭȱ- ȱ ȱȱǯ

ǰȱȱ ȱȱȱȱ ȱȱ ȱ- ȱȱȱȱȱȱ¢ǯŜŚȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱǰȱȱ- ¢Ȃȱȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱǯȱ- ȱȱǰȱ¢ȱ¢ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱǯȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ¢ȱȱȱȃȱȱ Ȅȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱ

ŜŖȺȱ ǯǰȱŘśŗǯ ŜŗȺȱȂ¢ǰȱThe First JesuitsǰȱŘŚŖǯ ŜŘȺȱ ȱŗśśŚǰȱȱ¡ȱ ȱ ȱȱǯȱȱǰȱȃ ȱȱȱȱ ¢ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱ¡ȱȱǰȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ- ȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱǯȱ ȱȱȱ ȱȱ¤ǯȱ ȱȱȱ ȱȱȱ¢ǰȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱǯȱȱȱȱȱ Ĝ¢ȱȱȱǯȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ¢ȱȱ¢¢ȱȱȄȱǻĴȱŚŞŜŖǰŗǲȱMHSIǰȱ ȱǯȱ ǱŜřŜǲȱ¢ȱǼǯ ŜřȺȱ Ȃȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱǰȱ ȱ¢ȱȱȱȱĴȂȱȱȱȱ¢ǯȱĴȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ¢ ¢ǰȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱǯȱȱǰȱĴȱȱǰȱřşŜȮŚŖŖǯ ŜŚȺȱȱȂ¢ǰȱThe First JesuitsǰȱŘřŘȮřşǯ 22 X Barton T. Geger, SJ

ȱȱȱȱȱȱ¢ǯŜś

ǰȱȱȱ¢ȱȱ¢ȱȱ ȱ- ȱȱȱȱǰȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ǯȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ Ĵȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱȱȱ ȱȱȱǰȱȱ¢ȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱ¢ǯȱ ȱŗśŚŜǰȱȱ ȱȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ǰȱȱȱǰȱȱȱȱȱȱ Constitutionsǯȱȱȱȱȱǰȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱǱ

ȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱǽǾǰȱȱ- ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǯȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ¢ȱȱ¢ȱ¢ǰȱȱ ȱȱȯ ȱȱȱȱȱęȯȱȱȱȱȱ ǰȱȱȱĴȱȱǰȱȱȱȱȱǰȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱǰȱǯŜŜ

ǰȱȱȱȱȱǰȱȱȱȱȱȬ- ȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱǯȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ¢ȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱǰȱȱȱ¢ȱ ȱȱȱȱȂȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱȱ- ȱȱȱ ǯȱȱȱȱǰȱ¢ȱȱ¢ȱȱ ȱȱ ȱȱ¢ȱǯȱȱǰȱ ȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱ ¢ȱȱǯŜŝȱȱęȱȱ ȱȱ ǰȱȱȱęȱ¢ȱȱ ȱȱȱȱ ȱǯȱȱȱȱ ȱ- ȱȱȱ¢ȱȱǰȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱ ȱȱȱ¢ǯȱ

ȱȱȱȱǯȱ ȱȱȱŗśśřǰȱȱȱ ȱ ȱȱĴȱȱǯȱȱȱǻŗśŘŖȮŗśŞŖǼǰȱȱ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ěȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ - ȱȱȱȱȱȱǯȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱ

ŜśȺȱǰȱȃ¢ȱȱ ȱ ǰȄȱŘŚŘȮŚřǯ ŜŜȺȱMHSIǰȱPolanci Complementaȱ Ǳŝřŗǲȱ¢ȱǯ ŜŝȺȱǯȱȱǰȱSumma Theologiaeǰȱ ǯ ǰȱǯŗŞşǰȱǯśǯ Bending the Knee to Baal? W 23

Ě¢ȱȱȱ¢ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱǰȱȱ ȱȱęȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ǯȱȱ Ǳ

ȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱǽ- ȱȱǾȱ ȱȱȱ¢ȱȱ ¢ȱ ȱȱ ȱȱȱȱ¢ȱ ȱȱ ȱȱȱ ȱ ȱȱȱǲȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱǽ- Ǿȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱǰȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ǰȱ ǯȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ¢ǯȱȱȱ¢ȱȱǰȱȱȱȱǰȱ ȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱǽ ȱȱǾȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȬȱȃȄȱǽdoctulorumǾǰȱȱ ȱȱ¢ȱȱ ȱȱȱ ȱȱȱ ¢ȱȱȱȱ ¢ȱ ǽȱ¢Ǿȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱǯȱ ¢ȱȂȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱ¢ǵȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱ¢ǰȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱǵȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱ Ȃȱ ȱ¢ȱȱ¡ȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱ ǵȱ¢ȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱĴȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱ¢ȱǯ

ȱȱ¢ȱȱǰȱǰȱȱȱ ȱȱ ȱȱ ěȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱ ȱȱȱȱǰȱȱȱȱ ȱ ȱǰȱȱȱȱ¢ȱęȱ ȱȱȱ- ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱǯȱ ȱȱȱ ¢ȱȱȱȱĜȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱ- ¢ȱȱ ȱȱȱǯŜŞȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱ ȱȱ ȱĴǰȱ ȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱǰȱȱȱ ȱ

ŜŞȺȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱǯ 24 X Barton T. Geger, SJ

ȱ¢ȱ¢ǯŜş

ȱȱȱȱ¡ȱȱĴȱ ȱȱȱ ȱ ȱ¢ȱȱȱǯȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱĴȱ ȱǰȱȱȱȱ¢ȱǰȱȱ ¢ȱȱǰȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȬȱ- ȱȱȱ¢ǰȱ¢ȱǰȱȱ ȱȱ¢ȱ - ȱ ȱ ǯȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱȱǱ

ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱȱȱȱȱȱĴȱȱȱǰȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱęȱȱȱ- ǰȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱ¡ȱȱ¢ȱȱȱ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȯȱ ǰȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȯȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ - ¢ȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱ¢ǰȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱǰȱ ȱȱ ȱȱȱ ȱȱȱ ȱȱǯŝŖȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱ¢ȱ ȱȱȱǰȱ- ǰȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ¢ȱ ȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱǰȱȱǰȱȱ ǰȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱǰȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱǽǾǰȱȱȱȱ ȱȱǰȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱǯȱ ȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱȱǰȱ ȱ ȱ Ĵȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱǯ71

ŜşȺȱMHSIǰȱ ȱǯȱǱŝřşȮŚŖǲȱǯȱȱȱǻǼȱȱ¢ǯȱȱȱ ȱ ǯȱ ǱŘřřȮřŚǯ ŝŖȺȱ ȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱȱ¢Ȃȱȱ ȱȱȱ ȱȂȱȱǯȱȱȱȱȱȱǰȱǯȱȱ ȱ ȱřŚŖȱȱȱǰȱ ȱȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱ ȱȱŜŚŖȱȱȱǰȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱǯ 71ȺȱĴȱŚŘŘŘǰȱMHSIǰȱ ȱǯȱ ǱŚŗŖǲȱ¢ȱȱȱǰȱ ȱȱ- ȱȱǯȱȱǰȱȱ¢ǯȱȱĴȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱǰȱȱ ȱ¢ȱǰȱǱȱȃȱȱȱ¢ȱȱ Bending the Knee to Baal? W 25

ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Ĵȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ęǰȱ ȱȱȱȱ Ȃȱȱȱęȱȱȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ - ǯȱȱǰȱęȱȱȱ ȱȱ¢ȱȱȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ¢ ȱ ǯȱ ǰȱ ȱ - ȱęȱǰȱȱȱȱĚȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱ Ȃȱȱȱȱęǰȱ ȱĴǰȱęȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ - ȱȱ Ȃȱǯ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Ȃȱȱȱȱ ȱȱǯȱȱȱȱȱ ǰȱȱȱȱȱ ȃȄȱǻnon si reputa conuenireǼǰȱȱȱȱȱǰȱ ȱȱȬȱȱȱȱ¢ǯŝŘ

ȱŗśŜŚǰȱȱ¢ȱȱ Ȃȱǰȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱ ȱȱȱęǯȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱęȱǯȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱ- ¢ȱȱ¢ȱȱǰȱ ȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ǯȱȱęȱǰȱȱȱȱĚȱ Ȃȱȱȱȱ ęǰȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ¢ȱȱȱ Ȃȱǯȱȱǰȱȱȱ ȱǰȱ ȱȱ Ȃȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱ ȱ

ǰȱ¢ȱ¢ȱ¢ǰȱȱȱȱ¢ǰȱǰȱȱȱ¡- ȱȱȱǰȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ¢ǰȱ¢ȱȱȱ¢ȱĴǰȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱ ȱȱ ȱ¢ȱȱȱȱǯȱȱȱȱȱȱǽȱȱǾȱȱȱ ¢ȱȄȱǻMHSIǰȱ ȱǯȱ ǱŝǲȱǯȱǰȱřŜŘǼǯ ŝŘȺȱȱȱȱȱȱȱęȱȱȱSpiritual ExercisesǯȱȱȱĜȱȱ ȱȱǰȱȱȱĴȱȱǰȱ ȱȱ¡ȱȱȱȱǰȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱ- ¢ȱȱ Ȃȱȱȱ ȱȱ¡ǯȱȱȱ¢ȱ¡ȱ- ȱǰȱȱȱǰȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱǯȱȱ¢ȱȱȱ ȱ ȂȱȱĴȱȱ ȱęȯȃȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ¢ȱǯȱǯȱǯȱȱȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱȄȯȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱ¡ǯȱȱȱǰȱȱ ǰȱȃȱFirstȱȱǰȄȱřŘȮřŝǯ 26 X Barton T. Geger, SJ

ȱȱȱȱǯ

¢ǰȱȱȱ¢ȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱ- ȱǱ

Ǳȱ ȱ ǽ Ǿȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱ¢ȱǽǾȱȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱ ȱȱǽȱȱ¢ǾǯȱȱȱȱȱĴȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱǽȱȱȱǾǰȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱǯ

Ǳȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱ ȱȱ ǯȱǯȱǯȱǯ

Ǳȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ǯȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Ĵȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱ ǰȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱ ȱǰȱȱȱ ȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱĴȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱ¢ǯ

Ǳȱ¢ȱ ȱȱ¢ȱěȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱęǰȱȱ¢ȱ ȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱ¢ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱěǯȱ

Ǳȱ¢ȱ ȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ ȱ¢ȱȱǰȱ- ¢ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ¢ǰȱȱ¢ȱ ȱȱȱ¢ȱ ȱȱȱ ȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱ¢ǯ

¡Ǳȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱ Ȭǰȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱǰȱȱ ȱȱȱȱǰȱ ȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ- ȱ ȱ Ĵȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǯȱ

Ǳȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱǰȱȱęȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱ¢ǰȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱǰȱ ȱȱ- Bending the Knee to Baal? W 27

ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¡ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǯȱǯȱǯȱǯȱ¢ȱ ȱ¢ȱȱȱǰȱ ȱ¢ȱȱ¢ȱ ȱȱȱǰȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱ- ȱ ȱȱ ȱȱ¢ȱǰȱȱȱȱȱ ¢ȱȱȱ ȱ ȱ¢ȱȱȱǯȱ ȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱ¢ȱȱ ȱ ȱǰȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱǰȱȱȱ ȂȱThe Imitation of ChristǰȱȂȱQuiver of Divine LoveǰȱThe Spur of Divine Loveȱȱǰȱȱȱǲȱ ȱȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǽǾȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱǯȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱǰȱȱȱȱȱȱ- ȱȱȱ¢ǰȱȱȱȱ ȱǯȱȱȱ¢ȱ ȱȱȱǰȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱǯȱ

ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱǯŝř ȱȱȱȱęȱȱȱȱȱȱȱǰȱȱȱ- ȱȱ ¢ȱǰȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱ ȱȱ¢ȱǲȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱǰȱȱȱȱ ȱǰȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱǯȱȱ- ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱǰȱȱȱȱ ȱȱ ȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱ ǯ

Ǳȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱǽȱǾȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱ¢ȱ ȱǽȱǾȱȱǽȱǾȱ ȱȱȱęȱȱȱǲȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱ ǰȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱǰȱȱȱȱȱ ¢ȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱǰȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱǯ

Ǳȱȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱĴȱ ȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱǰȱ¢ȱ

ŝřȺȱ ȱŗśśŗǰȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱǻMHSIǰȱ ȱǯȱ ǱŜǲȱǯȱǰȱřŜŗǯȱȱȱǯȱȗřşśǼǯȱȂȱ ȱȱȱȬȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱ¢ȱ ȱ- ȱȱȱęȱǰȱ ȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱ¡ȱ ȱ ȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱǯ 28 X Barton T. Geger, SJ

ȱ ȱȱȱǰȱȱȱȱȱȱ- ¢ǰȱȱȱ ȱȱǯȱȱȱ ȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ- ȱȱȱ ȱȱȱ¢ȱ¢ȱǯȱ ȱǰȱȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱ¢ȱȱ ȱĴȱȱȱ¢ǰȱȱ ǰȱȱĴȱȱȱȱ ȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱęǯȱ ȱǰȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ ȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱǯ

Ǳȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ- ȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱęȱȱȱ¢ǰȱȱȱ ȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ- ȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱǯŝŚȱȱ ȱ - ȱȱȱ ȱȱȱ ȱȱĴȱǽǯǯǰȱȱ ȱ ȱȱȱǾȱȱȱę¢ȱȱȱ ¢ȯȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱ- ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȯ- ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱ¢ȱ ȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱ- ¢ǯŝśȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱ¡Ǳȱȃȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱ¢ȱȱǲȱȱȱȱ ¢ȱȱȱ ȱȱȱǻȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ¢ȱȱ¢Ǽȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ ȱȱȱǰȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱĴǰȱȱ¢ȱȱ ȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱǰȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ¢ȱȱȱǰȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱ ȱȱȱ¢ǯȄŝŜȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱ

ŝŚȺȱ ¢ȱ ȃȱ ǰȄȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ¡ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱȱǰȱȱȱ ¢ȱȱȱȱȱǲȱȱ ǰȱȱȱȱǰȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ¢ǰȱ¢ǰȱȱǯ ŝśȺȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ¢ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱ¢ǲȱǰȱȱȱǰȱĜȱȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱ¢ǯ ŝŜȺȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ¡ȱȱȱ ȱConstitutionsȱǻȗśŗǼǯ Bending the Knee to Baal? W 29

ȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱǽȱȱǾȱ ȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱ¢ȱǰȱȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱǰȱȱȱȱȱȱ ¢ȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱ¢ȱ ȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ¢ǯȱ

Ǳȱȱȱȱǰȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ¢ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱ¢ǰȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ǲȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱ ȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱ- ȱȱ ȱȱ¢ȱȱȱǻȱȱ¢ȱȱȱ- ȱĴȱȱȱȱȱǼȱȱȱ ȱȱȱ ęĴȱȱȱȱȱȱ¢ǰȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱ ȱǯȱȱȱ ȱȱ¢ǰȱȱȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ¢ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱ- ¢ȱǯȱ ȱȱȱ ȱ ȱȱ ȱ¡Ǳȱȱ ęȱȱ ȱȱ ȱȱ ȱȱȱȱ¢ǰȱ ȱǲȱȱ ȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱ ȱ ȱȱǽȱȱǾȱ ȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱ ¢ȱ ȱȱǯ

Ǳȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱ ȱ¢ȱȱȱ¢ǰȱ ȱȱȱ¡ȱȱ¢ȱȱ Ĵǯȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱǰȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱ¢ȱĴȱȱȱȱȱȱǲȱ ȱȱ¢ȱǰȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱǰȱȱ ȱȱ ȱȱȱǯȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱ ȱ¢ȱȱ¢ȱȱȱ¢ȱǯ

ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱǰȱȱȱ- ȱȱ ¢ȱȱǰȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱǰȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱǰȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ Ĵǯȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱȱ ȱȱȱȱǯȱȱȱȱȱȱ¡- ǰȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱ ǰȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱǽsagacia aliquia industriaǾȱȱȱǯ77

77Ⱥȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ 30 X Barton T. Geger, SJ

Ǳȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱǰȱ ȱȱ- ȱȱȱȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱ¢ǰȱȱ ȱȱȱȱ¢ǰȱȱ¢ȱ ȱǽǯǯǰȱǾǰȱȱ ȱȱȱ ȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱǰȱȱ ȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱ¡ȱȱ ȱȱ ȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱǯȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱǽǯǯǰȱȬǾȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ǰȱȱȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ- ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱǯȱȱȱ ȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱ¡ȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱ ȱǰȱȱȱ ȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱ ȱ ȱȱȱęȱȱȱȱ¡ǯŝŞ

ǯȱȱĴȱȱȱȃȱ Ȅ

ȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱǰȱȱ- ȱȱȱȱȱ¡ȱ ȱȱȱȱ- ȱǯȱȱ ȱȱȱ¢ȱȱ ȱȱȱȱ ȱ¢ȯȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱěȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȯ¢ȱ¢ȱȱȱǰȱ- ǰȱȱ¢ǯȱȱ ȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱǰȱȱȱȱ- ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱǯ

ȱȱ ȱ ȱȱȱǯȱ¢ȱȱȱȱ- ȱȱȱȱȱǱȱnon minor est virtus quam querere, parta tueriǰȱ ȱȱ¢ȱǰȱȃȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱęȱǯȄŝş

ȃ ǰȄȱȱȱěȱ ȱȱȱsagaciaǯȱȱ ȱȱȱȱ ȱ ȱ¢ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ ¢ȱȱǯȱȱȱ ǰȱȱǰȱ ¢ȱȱ¢ȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱǯȱȱ ȱȱ¢ȱȬ ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ- ȱȱȱ ȱ¢ǯ ŝŞȺȱMHSIǰȱȱ ǱśŚŞȮśŘǲȱǯȱȱȱ¢ǯ ŝşȺȱǰȱArtis amatoriaeȱ ǯŗřǯȱȱǰȱPoliticaȱŘŘŘǲȱǰȱCom- mentario in Quatuor Libros Sentiarumȱ ǱŗǯŗǯŜǲȱȱǰȱCommentary on Ephesians ǯŗȱȱǯ Bending the Knee to Baal? W 31

ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱ ȱǯȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱȱConstitutionsǰȱȱȱȱȱ Ǳ

ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ¢ǰȱ quod non minor est virtus quam querere, parta tueriǰȱȱȱȱǽȱȱConstitutionsǾȱ ȱȱȱ- ȱȱȱ ȱȱȱǯȱ ȱȱȱȱ ȱ ȱȱ¢ȱǰȱȱȱȱȱȱĴȱ ȱȱ ȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ ǽ¢ȱȱȱ¢Ǿǯȱȱ¢ȱȃǰȄȱ ȱȱȱ¢ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱǯŞŖ

ȱȱȱȱȱȱ ǰȱȱǰȱ- ǰȱȱǰȱěȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ ¡ȱ ȱ ȱ ǯȱ ȱ ȱȱȱ¢ǰȱ ȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȬȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱȱ¡ȱ ȱȱ ȱ ȱ ¢Ȃȱ ȱ ¡ǰȱ ȱȱǯȱ ȱ¢ȱ¡ȱȱȱȱ- ǯȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Ȭ ȱ ¢ȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱ ȱǯȱ ȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱ ȱǯȱ ȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱ¢ȱ ȱ¢ȱȱȱĚȱ¢ȱ ȱȱȱȱǯȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ǰȱ ȱ ¢ȱȱȱ Ȃȱ ȱ ȱȱȱǯŞŗ

ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ Ȭęȱ ȱ ȱ ǯȱ ȱ ŗŜŚŖǰȱ ȱ ȱȱȱImago Primi Saeculiǰȱȱȱȱ- ȱ ȱ ¢Ȃȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ęȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ¡- ǯŞŘȱȱȱ ȱȱěȱȱȬȱȱȱ

ŞŖȺȱMHSIǰȱPolanci Complementaȱ ǱŝřŚȮřśǲȱ¢ȱǯȱȱȱȱ ȱ ȱȱȱřȱȱȱConstitutionsǰȱ ȱȱȃ ȱȄȱȱȱȱŗŖǯ ŞŗȺȱȱRemembering Iñigo: Glimpses of the Life of Saint Ignatius of Loyola; The - of Luís Gonçalves da Câmaraǰȱǯȱ¡ȱǰȱ ǰȱȱ ȱǯȱ£ǰȱ ȱǻǯȱǱȱ ȱȱ ȱǰȱŘŖŖŚǼǰȱśśȮśŜȱǻȗşřǼǯ ŞŘȺȱȱArt, Controversy, and the Jesuits: The ȱȱ (1640)ǰȱǯȱ ȱǯȱ Ȃ¢ǰȱ ǰȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱŗŘȱǻǱȱǯȱ 32 X Barton T. Geger, SJ

ȱȱȱ¢Ȃȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱ¢ȱ- ĚȱȱȬ ȱȱȱȱǯȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱŗŝŜŚǯ

ȱȱȱǰȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ ȱȱ¢ȱȱȱęȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱ- ¢ǯȱȱŗśŚŖȱȱŗŝŖŖǰȱȱȱȱȱŗśǰŖŖŖȱȱřŖǰŖŖŖǰȱ ȱȱȱȱȱśŖǰŖŖŖȱȱŗŗŖǰŖŖŖǯȱȃ¢ȱȱȱ - ȱǰȄȱ ȱ ȱǯȱ¢ȱǻѤіѠǼǰȱȃȱȱȱȱ ȱǰȱ¢ȱȱǰȱȱȱȱȱ ǽǾȱȱȱȬǯȄŞř

ȱȱConstitutionsǰȱ ȱȱȱ£ȱȱ ȱȱȃȱȱȄȱǻconservacíon y aumentoǼȱȱȱ- ¢ǯŞŚȱȱȱȱȱ ȱǯȱǰȱȱȱ- ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ǯȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¡¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱȱ¢ǯŞś

ȱęǰȱȱȱ ȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱǱȱto expect God to keep the Society of Jesus in existence would be a tempting of him whom Jesuits are supposed to be servingǯ

Ȃȱ¢ȱǰȱŘŖŗśǼǯȱ ŞřȺȱ ȱȱ¢ǰȱ ǰȱȃȱȱȱǰȱ¢ȱȱ¢ȱȱ ǰȄȱȱCatholicism in Early Modern History: A Guide to Researchǰȱǯȱ ȱǯȱȂ¢ǰȱ ȱǻǯȱǱȱȱȱȱǰȱŗşŞŞǼǰȱŗŚŞǯ ŞŚȺȱ ȱȱȱȱ ǯȱ ȱȱ ȱȱ Ȃȱȱȱȃ- Ȅȱȱȱ¢ȱ ȱȃǰȄȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ¡- ȱȱ£ǯ ŞśȺȱ ȱ ȱ Constitutionsǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¡ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ¡¢ȯ¢ȱ ȱ ¢ȯȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱǻǯȱȗśśřǰȱȗŞŗŜǼǯ Bending the Knee to Baal? W 33

ǯȱȱĴȱȱȱȃȱȄ

ȱȱȱȱ¢ȱǰȱȱ ȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱȱ I ȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱĜȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ¢ȱȱǯȱȱȱȱ ¢ȱȱȱęȱȱ ȱȱǰȱȱ ȱȱȱ ȱȱȱĴȱȱȱ- ȱȱȱȱǰȱȱǰȱěȱȱȱȱǯ

ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱǰȱȱȱȱŗşŝŖȱȱŗşŞŖǰȱȱ- ȱȱ¡ȱęȱĚȱ¢ǯȱ ȱ¢ȱȱ¡ȱȱ ȱȱȱȱǰȱȱ ȱȱȱ- £ȱȱ Ǳ

• ȱȱȱȱȱǲ

• ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ Ȭȱȱȱȱȱǲ

• ȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱ ȱ Ȃȱȱǲȱ

• ȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱǰȱȱ ȱȱǰȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱǯ

ȱȱǰȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ¡ȱȱȱȱ ¢ȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱǰȱȱǰȱ- ȱȱȱȱǯȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱǰȱ¢ȱȱȱȱǰȱȱȱȱȱthis ȱ ǯȱ ǰȱȱȱȱthe Society needs men like youȯ - ȱȱ¢ȱȱȯȱȱȱ ¢ȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱthisȱȱǯ

ȱǰȱȱȱ ȱȱǱȱTom, you have certain gifts that the church really needs, and you tend to think and act like a Je- suit. Have you considered that God might be calling you to the Society? In light of everything that the Society has done for you and yours, what might you give back to others as a Jesuit?ȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱ ¢ǰȱȱ ȱ ȱȱȱ ȱȱȱoughtȱȱȱ ȱȱǰȱȱȱȱ 34 X Barton T. Geger, SJ

ȱȱȱȱȯȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱ¢ǯ

ȱ Ȭ ȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱ ǰȱ- ȱ ȱ ŗşŞŖǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǯȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¡- Ǳ

ȃȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ¢ǰȄȱȱȱ¢ȱǻȱ ŗŝǱŘŗǼǰȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ- ǯȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱǰȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ¢ȱȱ ȱǯȱ ȱȱȱ Ǳȱȱȱ ȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱ ȱǯȱ ȱȱȱȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǻȱ ŞǱŗŜǼǯȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱ ȱȱ ȱȱȱȱ ǰȱȱ ȱȱȱ·ǰȱ ȱȱȱȱ Ȃȱ- ȱȱȱǯȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱǯŞŜ

ȱȱȱ¢ȱȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱǯȱȱ ȱȱ ȱǵȱȱ ǰȱȱȱ ǯȱȱ ȱȱȱ ȱ ǯȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱ ǯȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ěȱ ȱ ǯȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ - ȱȱȱȱȱǯȱ ȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ ¢ǰȱȃȱȱȱȱǯȱȱęǯȱȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱǯȄŞŝ

ȱȱǲȱȱȱȱȂǯȱȱȂȱ ǰȱ ȱ¢ȱȱ¢ȱȂǰȱȱȂǰȱ¢ȱ- Ȃǰȱȱ¢ȱȱȂǰȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱ¢ȱȱ ȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱ ǯȱȱȱ¢ȱȱǰȱȱ ¢ȱ¢ȱȱȱȱ ȱ¢ȱȱȱ¢ȱȱ ǯȱȱȱ ǰȱȱȱȱěǯȱ ȱȱȱȱ ǰȱȱȱǯȱ ȱȱ¢ȱ ȱȱȱǯŞŞ

ȱȱǱȱȃ ǰȱ ȱȱ¢ȱ ȱȱǵȄȱȱ ȱȱ ȱȱǱȱȃ ȱ ȱ¢ȱȱȱ¢ǯȱ ȱȱȱȱ

ŞŜȺȱȱ ǰȱThe Art of Christian Listeningȱǻ ȱǱȱȱǰȱŗşŞŖǼǰȱŝśǯ ŞŝȺȱ ǯ ŞŞȺȱ ǯǰȱŝŝǯ Bending the Knee to Baal? W 35

ȱȱȱȱ¢ǯȄŞş

ǽȱǾȱȱȱȱęȱǰȱȱȬǰȱȱȱ ȱ ǯȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǯȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȂȱǯşŖ

ȱȱȱȱȱȱ¢£ȱěȱȱȱǯȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȂȱȱȱȱ- ǰȱ ȱ ȱȱȱĴȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ- ȯ¢ȱȱȯȱȱȱǯ

ȱȱĜȱǰȱȱȱ ȱȱȱǰȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱǯȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ ǯȱȱ¢ȱȱȱǰȱthe So- ȱȱȱȱȱĚȱ ȱ ciety needs men like youǰȱȱwhat ǰȱ¢ȱǰȱȱ¢ȱȱ do you owe the church?ȱȯ ȱȱȱȱǯ ȱȯȱȱȱȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ¢ǰȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱǯȱȱ ȱ¢ǰȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ ȱ¢ȱȱǯ

ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Ěȱ ȱ ǰȱ ¢ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱǯȱȱȱ¡ȱȱȬ ȱǰȱyour wants are yours; the shoulds you feel belong to some- one elseǯȱȱȱȱȱȱȱǯȱ ȱȱ¢ȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱǵ

ȱȱ¢ȱȱǰȱȱȱǰȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱ¢ȱshould ȱȱȱ ȱȱǰȱȱ¢ȱshould ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱǰȱȱȱ¢ȱowe ȱȱȱȱȱ£ǯȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱ ǰȱȱȱ¢ȱǯ

ŞşȺȱ ǯǰȱŝşǯ şŖȺȱ ǯǰȱŞŖǯ 36 X Barton T. Geger, SJ

ȱȱȱǰȱȱSpiritual Exercisesȱȱȱ ȱǯȱȱ ȱǰȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ¡ȱ shouldȱȱonlyȱ ȱȱ Ȃȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱ- ȱǯşŗ

ȱȱ ȱǰȱȱȱȱȱ¡ȱȱ ȱȱǰȱȱȱ ȱȱęȱȱěǯȱ ȱ ȱȱȱ ¢ȱȱ¡ȱȱ¢ȱyesȱȱȱȱȱ- ȱȱǯȱȱȱȱ¡Ȃȱȱȱ ȱȱ ȱȱȱ ¢ȱȱȱȱ¢ȱǱ

ȱȱ ȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ¢ȱ - ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱǰȱ ȱ¢ȱȱ ȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱ¢ȱȱȱȱ ȱȱ ¢ȱǯşŘ

ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱǱ

ȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱȱ ¢ȱ ȱȱǰȱ ȱȱȱȱȱ ¢ȱȱ- ȱȱȱȱȱǰȱȱȱ ǰȱȱȱ ȱ ȱȱȱǰȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱǯȱǯȱǯȱǯȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱ ȱȱȱ ěȱȱ¢ȱȱȱ ǯşř

şŗȺȱȱȱŘŞǰȱǯ şŘȺȱǯȱ¡ǯȱȗşŚǲȱǯȱ£ȱȱǰȱřŖřǯȱ ȱȱ ȱȱȱ- ȱȱȱȱȱȱ¢Ȭȱȱ¡ȱȱȱ Ȃȱ Ǳȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱǰȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱǰȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱǯȱ¢ȱȱ ȱȱȱǰȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱǰȱ ȱ¢ȱ- £ȱȱȱǯȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ¢ǰȱȱ ȱĴȱȱęȱ ȱȱȱǰȱ ȱ¢ȱȱȱ ¢ȱȱȱȱȯȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱ¢ǯȱȱȱȱ ȱȱǯȱ¡ǯȱȗȗŗŜśȮŜŞȱȱȗřŝŖǯȱ ȱȱȃȱ¢ǰȄȱ ȱȱȱ ȱěȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱǱȱ ȃ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȂȱȱȱǰȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱ ȱǰȱȱȂȱ ȱǰȱȱȱȱȱȱ- ȱȱȄȱǻ¢ȱȱȱŚǰȱŗśŚŚǲȱǯȱ£ȱȱǰȱŗŖŚǼǯ şřȺȱǯȱ¡ǯȱǯȱşśȮşŜǲȱǯȱ£ȱȱǰȱřŖŚǯ Bending the Knee to Baal? W 37

ȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱǯȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱ ȱȱ¡ȱȱȱȱ¢Ǳ

ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱǰȱȱȱ- ȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ěȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ěȱ ȱȱȱȱęǯşŚ

ǰȱȱȱȱȱȱSpiritual Exercises ȱȱ- ȱȱȱȬȱȱ ȱ¡ȱȱ ȱȱ ȱȱthat which they already know they should.ȱȱȱȱ¡ȱȱ the Contemplatioȱȱȱȱǰȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ Ȃȱǰȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ǯşśȱ ȱ Ǳ

ȱȱȱ ȱ ȱ ǯȱ ȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱ - ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱǰȱ ȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱ ¢ȱȱ¢ǯȱǯȱǯȱǯȱȱȱĚȱȱȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ǰȱȱȱȱȱǰȱ ȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱ ěȱȱȱȱ ȱȱ¢ǰȱȱȱȱ¢ǰȱ¢ȱ ȱǰȱȱ¢ȱȱ ǰȱ¢ǰȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ ȱǱȱȁǰȱǰȱȱǯȂşŜ

ȱǰȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱ- ȱshouldȱ¢ȱ¢ȱȱȱǰȱȱȱ¢ȱwillȱ¢ȱ¢ȱȱǰȱȱ ȱȱȱȱěȱȱęǰȱȱȱȱȱǵ

ȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱǵ

şŚȺȱǯȱ¡ǯȱǯȱşŝǲȱǯȱ£ȱȱǰȱřŖŚǯ şśȺȱȱȱȱȱȱǰȱȃȱȱ¢ȱ¢ȱȱȱ¢ȱǰȄȱ ȱȱǯȱȱĜȱȱǰȱamorem tui solum cum gratia tuaȱǻȃȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱ ȱ¢ȱȄǼȱ¢ȱȱȱ- ¢ȱ ȱ ȱȱȱǯ şŜȺȱǯȱ¡ǯȱȗȗŘřřȮřŚǲȱǯȱ£ȱȱǰȱřŘşǯ 38 X Barton T. Geger, SJ

ǯȱ

ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ- ȱ¢ǯȱȱȱǰȱȱ ȱȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ǯȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱȱ ȱȱǯȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ- ȱ¡ęȱȱ¢ȱȱǯȱ ȱȱȱȱ - ȱ ¢ȱȱǯ

ȱ ŗǱȱ ȱ ǰȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ¢ȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱ- ȱȱȱȱȱ¡ȱȱȱ¢ȱ and mission.

ȱȱǰȱȱȱȱ¢ȱǯȱ ȱȱȱ ¢ȱ£ȱȱȱȱ ȱ¢Ǳȱȃǽ Ǿȱȱ ȱ£ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȁǰȂȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱǰȱ ȱȱ¡ȱȱǯȱ - ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ¢ǯȄşŝ

ȱ ŘǱȱ ȱ ǰȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ- tion of new apostolates.

ȱŘȱȱȱǰȱȱ ȱ¢ȱĜȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱȱ Ȃȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱȂȱȱȱȱ£ȱ ȱ Ȭȱȱȱ¢ȱȱ ǯȱȱȱȱ¢Ǳ

ȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱ ǰȱȱȱȱȱ ǰȱȱȱǰȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱ ¢ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱ ȱȱ¢ǯşŞ

ȱřǱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱ

şŝȺȱȱȱřǰȱǯ şŞȺȱMHSIǰȱȱ ǱśŚŞǲȱǯȱȱȱ¢ǯ Bending the Knee to Baal? W 39

ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ¢ȱȱ ȱȱǰȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱ¡ȱ ȱ¢ȱȱǯşş

ȱŚǱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ- terion for the assignment of scholastics at regency.

ȱȱȱ¢ȱȱ ȱ ȱȱęȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱŘŖŖşȱ ȱȱȱȱĴȱȱǰȱ ȱěǰȱȱȱȱǯŗŖŖȱ¢ǰȱȱȱ ȱ ȱȱȱĴȱȱȱȱȱȱȱǰȱȱ ȱȱȱȱ ȱȱę¢ǯȱȱȱȱ- ǵȱȱȱřǰȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱǰȱȱȱȱȱȱǯ

Point 5: Jesuits working in schools should prepare strategies for identifying and approaching quality students and colleagues and assist- ȱȱȱȱȱǯȱǰȱ ȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱěȱȱȱ share the results with other schools.

Point 6: It is characteristic of the Jesuit way of proceeding to play the long game instead of focusing on immediate results. We change the ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ¢ȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȬȱȱȱǯ

şşȺȱǰȱȱ¡ǰȱȱŘŖŗśȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱ ¢ȱ ȱ Ȭ¢ȱ Ǳȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ Ǳȱ ȱ ȱ - marks for Jesuit Schools in the 21st Centuryǰȱȱŝǯŝȱǻ ȱȱ ǰȱȱ ȱȱȱ¢ǰȱǰȱǼǯ ŗŖŖȺȱ¢ȱǯȱ¢ǰȱǰȱȱ¢ȱǯȱ ǰȱǰȱȃȱȱȱ- ȱǱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱǰȄȱȱȱ- ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱǰȱ ȱ ¢ǰȱ ǰȱ ǯǯǰȱȱ ŘŖŖşǼǰȱǯȱŗŘǰȱśŜȮśŞǱȱȃȱȱȱȱǽȱȱ Ǿȱȱȱ ȱ¡ȱȱǰȱ¢ȱȱȱȱ¢ǰȱȱ ȱȱȱǰȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ £ǲȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȁȱ Ȃȱ ȱǲȱȱ¢ȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱ- ȱ¢ȱȱȱȱǲȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱǲȱ ȱȱǰȱǰȱȦȱȱȱȱȄȱǻǯȱśŞǼǯ 40 X Barton T. Geger, SJ

ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ŘŖŗŘȱ ¢ȱ ȱȱȱȱ ȱǰȱȱȱȱęȱȱȱ- ¢ȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱěȱȱȱ ȱȱ ȱǯŗŖŗȱȱȱȱȱǰȱȱ- ȱȱȱȱȱǯ

ȱŝǱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱ¢ȱȱȱ assist us in identifying and approaching suitable candidates for the Society.

ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ¢ȱȱȱȱ- ȱȱȯȱ ȱȱ ȱǯ

ȱŞǱȱ ȱȱȱȱ¡¢ȱȱȱ- motion. We alert them to our intentions, respond to their questions ȱ¡ǰȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱ- ȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ǯ

ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȂȱ ȱȱȱ ȱ ǯȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȃȱ ȱ¢ǰȄȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱǯȱȱ- Ȭȱȱȱȱǰȱȱȱȱȱȱȱǰȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱǰȱ ȱȱȱȱ¢ȱ ȱȱǯ

ȱǰȱȂȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȂȱȱȱ ¢ȱǯȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ ȱ ǯŗŖŘȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱǰȱȱ ȱ- ȱȱȱȱȱȱ ǯȱ ȱ ȱȱȱ¢ȱǰȱ- ǰȱȱȱȱǯȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ¢ȱȱȱȱ ȱ ¢ȱȱǰȱȱ¢ȱ ȱęȱȱ ȱ ǯ

ŗŖŗȺȱȃȱ¡ȱȱȱǱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱŘŖŗřȱ- ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱǰȄȱȱ¢ȱȱǰȱǰȱ ǯȱŗŗǲȱȱȱǯȦǯ ŗŖŘȺȱȱśǱřřȮŚŘǯ Bending the Knee to Baal? W 41

ȱşǱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ¡ȱ ȯ ȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȯ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱ¡ȱȱȱ ¢ȱȱ ȱȱǯȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ¡ȱ ¢ȱȱȱ not.

ȱȱȱȱěȱȱęǯȱȱ¢ǯȱȱ¢ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱǰȱȱȱȱȱ- ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱĴȱȱȱǯȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ¢ǰȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ěȱȱęȱȱǯȱȃȱȱȱȱ Ȅȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱǯ

ȱȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱǯȱ ȱ¢ȱ ȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱ ¢ǯ

ȱŗŖǱȱȱȱ¡ȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱ ȱȱ ěȱȱȱǰȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȬȱ- ȱȱ ǰȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ ȱ¢ȱȱǯ103

¢ȱ ȱȱȱȱǯȱȱȱǱȱ ȱȱ ȱȱ¢ȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱȱěȱǰȱ- ¢ȱȱȱǵ

ȱȱȱǰȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱ ȱǯȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱǯȱȱȱȱ¢ȱ ȱěȱǱȱ ȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱ ǰȱȱĜȱȱȱȱǰȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱǯ

ǰȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱęȱ- ǰȱ¡ȱȱ¢ȱa lotǰȱ ȱȱĴȱȱȱȱǯȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ¢ȱȱȱȱę- ǯȱ ȱȱȱȱȬȱȱ ȱȱȱ¢ȱȱ-

ŗŖřȺȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱęȱȱȱŘŖŖşȱȱǰȱǯȱ ŗŗŞȮŗşǯ 42 X Barton T. Geger, SJ

ȱȱ¢ȱ ȱ¢ǰȱ ȱȱ¡ȱȱȱ ȱǵȱ ȱȱ¢ȱȱ¢ǵȱ¢ȱ¡ȱ¢ǵȱȱȱȱ ȱ ¢ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱǰȱȱȱ- ȱȱǯ

ȱȱȱ ¢ȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱǯȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱǰȱȱȱȱȱȱǰȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱ¡ȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱ¢ǯ

ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ŘŖŗśǰȱ ȱ ȬȱȱȱȱĴȱęȱȱȱȬ ȱȱ ȱȱȱȱ¢ ȱȱȱȱ- ǯȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȃǰȄȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȬȯȱ ȱ ȱ¡ȯȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱ¢ǯŗŖŚȱǰȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱȱǰȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱǰȱȱȱȱ ¡ȱȱȱȱĴȱȱǯ

Point 11: Jesuits need not feel embarrassed or awkward about ask- ing men to consider the Society. On the contrary, we do them a tre- ȱǯȱȱěȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱǰȱȱȱȱ brothers that encircles the globe, and the chance to make an eternal ěȱȱȱȱȱǯ

¢ȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱ ǯȱ ȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱ¢ǯȱ ȱȱǰȱ ȱȱ ȱ ȱȱ ȱȱǰȱȃǰȱ ȱǰȱȱȂȱ ¢ǯȄ

ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǯȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ - ¢ȱȱȱ¢ǯȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱ¢ȱǯȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱ ¢ǯȱ ȱȱȱ ȱ ¢ǯȱ¢ȱ¢ȱ ȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱ ǯȱ¢ȱ¢ȱ ȱȱȱ ȱ ȱȱ ȱȱ- ȱȱȱǰȱȱȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ

ŗŖŚȺȱȱŘŖŖşȱȱȱęȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱǻǯȱŗŖǼǯ Bending the Knee to Baal? W 43

ȱȱ ȱȱȱ¢ȱ ȱǯ

ȱ ȱȱȱěȱǯȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ- ȱǯȱȱȱǰȱ ȱǰȱȃ ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱǰȱ ȱ ǯȄ

ȱěȱ ȱ£ǯȱ¢ȱȂȱ¢ȱ£ȱȱȱ ǯȱȃǵȱ¢ǵȄ

ȱ ȱȱ¢ȱǯȱȱǰȱ ȱȱ ¢ȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱ ¢ǲȱȱȱ¢ȱǰȱȱ¢ȱ ȱ ȱǯȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱ ǯȱ ȱȱȱǰȱȱȱ ǰȱ ȱȱȱ¡ȱ ȱȱ ȱ ȱȱ ǰȱȱȱ ȱȱȱ¢ȱǰȱȱȱęȱȱ ¢ȱȱ ȱȱ ȱǯȱȱȱȱǯ

ȱȱǰȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱ ǯ Past Issues of ѡѢёіђѠȱіћȱѡѕђȱѝіџіѡѢюљіѡѦȱќѓȱ ђѠѢіѡѠ Available for Sale (for prices, see inside back cover)

1/1 Sheets, ęȱȱȱ¢ȱ (Sep 1969) 1/2 Ganss, ȱȱ¡Ǳȱ ¢ȱȱ¢ (Nov 1969) 2/1 Burke, ȱȱ (Feb 1970) 2/3 Lonergan, ȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱ (Sep 1970) 3/1 Wright, ȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱ (Feb 1971) 3/2 O’Flaherty, ȱĚȱȱ ȱ (Apr 1971) 3/5 Sheets, ȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱ (Nov 1971) 4/3 Orsy, ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ (Jun 1972) 4/4 Ganss, Wright, O’Malley, O’Donovan, and Dulles, ȱ¢ȱȱǱȱ ȱ¢ (Oct 1972) 5/1–2 O’Flaherty, Ǳȱȱȱ (Jan Mar 1973) 5/3 Arrupe and McNaspy, ȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ (Apr 1973) 5/4 Haughey, ȱȱȱȱ (Jun 1973) 5/5 Orsy, ȱȱȱȱȱȱ (Oct 1973) 6/3 Knight, ¢ȱȱ ȱȱȱ (Apr 1974) 7/2 Ganss, ȱȱȱȱȱ (Mar 1975) 7/5 Buckley, ȱęȱȱȱ; Padberg, ¢ȱȱȱȱ - ȱȱ (Nov 1975) 8/1 O’Neill, Ǳȱ ȱ (Jan 1976) 8/2–3 De la Costa, Sheridan, et al., ȱȱǱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱ ¢ (Mar–May 1976) 8/4 Faricy, ȱ¢Ǳȱ¢ȱȱ¢ (Oct 1976) 9/1–2 Becker, ȱȱȱ ȱǰȱŗşśŞȮŝś; Others, ȱȱ¡- (Jan–Mar 1977) 9/4 Connolly and Land, ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ (Sep 1977) 10/1 Kammer, ȃȬȂȂǱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱ (Jan 1978) 10/4 Harvanek, ȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱ ; Others, ȱȱ- ¢Ȭ (Sep 1978) 11/1 Clancy, ȱȱȱȱ (Jan 1979) 11/2 Maruca, ȱȱȱȱ ȱȱ£ȱ (Mar 1979) 11/3 Klein, ȱ ȱȱȱ¢ (May 1979) 11/5 Conwell, ȱ £ȱǱȱȱ ȱ (Nov 1979) 12/2 Henriot, Appleyard, and Klein, ȱȱȱǱȱȱ¢ȱȱ ȱȱ (Mar 1980) 12/3 Conwell, ȱȱ¢ȱȱȱ¢ȱȱ (May 1980) 13/1 Peter, ȱȱ ȱ (Jan 1981) 13/3 Ganss, ȱȱȱ ȱȂȱ (May 1981) 13/4 Reites, ǯȱ ȱȱ¢ȱȱȱ (Sep 1981) 14/1 O’Malley, ȱ ǰȱǯȱ ǰȱȱȱȱ (Jan 1982) 14/2 Dulles, ǯȱ ȱȱ ȱȱ (Mar 1982) 14/4 Gray, ȱ¡ȱȱ ȱ (Sep 1982) 14/5 Ivern, ȱȱȱȱȱ Ǳȱ ȱȱȱ (Nov 1982) 15/1 O’Malley, ȱȱ ȱȱ ȱ ȱ¡ (Jan 1983) 15/2 Sullivan and Faricy, ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¡ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ (Mar 1983) 15/3–4 Padberg, ȱ¢ȱȱȱ Ǳȱȱȱ ¢ȱȱȱřŘȱ ȱ- ȱȱȱ¢ȱȱ (May–Sep 1983) 16/2 O’Malley, ȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱǱȱ àȱȱȱȱ ȱ- (Mar 1984) 16/3 O’Hanlon, ȱ ȱ ȱ Ǳȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ (May 1984) 16/4 Carlson, ȃȱȱȱȱȱȂȂǱȱȱ (Sep 1984) 17/1 Spohn, ǯȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱ¢ȱȱ (Jan 1985) 17/2 Daley, ȃ ȱȱȱȂȂǱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱ ȱ (Mar 1985) 17/3 Tetlow, ȱȱȱ¡ȱȱȱ (May 1985) 17/4 Spohn, Coleman, Clarke, and Henriot, ȱȱ (Sep 1985) 17/5 Kinerk, ȱ ȱ¢Ǳȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱ (Nov 1985) 18/1 Gelpi, ȱȱ (Jan 1986) 18/2 Beirne, ȱȱ¢Ǳȱȱ¢ȱȱ (Mar 1986) 18/3 McCormick, ȱȱȱȱ ȱȱ (May 1986) 18/5 Tetlow, ȱȱȱ ȱ¢ (Nov 1986) 19/1 Staudenmaier, ȱȱ¢ȱȱȱ (Jan 1987) 19/2 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