Reflection Paper on the Use of Aminopenicillins and Their
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Dabigatran Amoxicillin Clavulanate IV Treatment in the Community
BEST PRACTICE 38 SEPTEMBER 2011 Dabigatran Amoxicillin clavulanate bpac nz IV treatment in the community better medicin e Editor-in-chief We would like to acknowledge the following people for Professor Murray Tilyard their guidance and expertise in developing this edition: Professor Carl Burgess, Wellington Editor Dr Gerry Devlin, Hamilton Rebecca Harris Dr John Fink, Christchurch Dr Lisa Houghton, Dunedin Programme Development Dr Rosemary Ikram, Christchurch Mark Caswell Dr Sisira Jayathissa, Wellington Rachael Clarke Kate Laidlow, Rotorua Peter Ellison Dr Hywel Lloyd, GP Reviewer, Dunedin Julie Knight Associate Professor Stewart Mann, Wellington Noni Richards Dr Richard Medlicott, Wellington Dr AnneMarie Tangney Dr Alan Panting, Nelson Dr Sharyn Willis Dr Helen Patterson, Dunedin Dave Woods David Rankin, Wellington Report Development Dr Ralph Stewart, Auckland Justine Broadley Dr Neil Whittaker, GP Reviewer, Nelson Tim Powell Dr Howard Wilson, Akaroa Design Michael Crawford Best Practice Journal (BPJ) ISSN 1177-5645 Web BPJ, Issue 38, September 2011 Gordon Smith BPJ is published and owned by bpacnz Ltd Management and Administration Level 8, 10 George Street, Dunedin, New Zealand. Jaala Baldwin Bpacnz Ltd is an independent organisation that promotes health Kaye Baldwin care interventions which meet patients’ needs and are evidence Tony Fraser based, cost effective and suitable for the New Zealand context. Kyla Letman We develop and distribute evidence based resources which describe, facilitate and help overcome the barriers to best Clinical Advisory Group practice. Clive Cannons nz Michele Cray Bpac Ltd is currently funded through contracts with PHARMAC and DHBNZ. Margaret Gibbs nz Dr Rosemary Ikram Bpac Ltd has five shareholders: Procare Health, South Link Health, General Practice NZ, the University of Otago and Pegasus Dr Cam Kyle Health. -
(12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 9,662.400 B2 Smith Et Al
USOO9662400B2 (12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 9,662.400 B2 Smith et al. (45) Date of Patent: *May 30, 2017 (54) METHODS FOR PRODUCING A (2013.01); C08B 37/003 (2013.01); C08L 5/08 BODEGRADABLE CHITOSAN (2013.01); A6 IK 38/00 (2013.01); A61 L COMPOSITION AND USES THEREOF 2300/404 (2013.01) (58) Field of Classification Search (71) Applicant: University of Memphis Research CPC ...... A61K 47/36; A61K 31/00; A61K 9/7007; Foundation, Memphis, TN (US) A61K 9/0024; A61 L 15/28: A61L 27/20; A61L 27/58: A61L 31/042; C08B 37/003 (72) Inventors: James Keaton Smith, Memphis, TN USPC ................................ 514/23, 40, 777; 536/20 (US); Ashley C. Parker, Memphis, TN See application file for complete search history. (US); Jessica A. Jennings, Memphis, (56) References Cited TN (US); Benjamin T. Reves, Memphis, TN (US); Warren O. U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS Haggard, Bartlett, TN (US) 4,895,724. A * 1/1990 Cardinal .............. A61K9/0024 424,278.1 (73) Assignee: The University of Memphis Research 5,541,233 A 7/1996 Roenigk Foundation, Memphis, TN (US) 5,958,443 A 9/1999 Viegas et al. 6,699,287 B2 3/2004 Son et al. (*) Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this 6,989,157 B2 1/2006 Gillis et al. patent is extended or adjusted under 35 7,371.403 B2 5/2008 McCarthy et al. 2003, OO15825 A1 1/2003 Sugie et al. U.S.C. 154(b) by 0 days. 2003/0206958 A1 11/2003 Cattaneo et al. -
Derivatives of Clavulanic Acid, Process for Their Preparation And
Europaisches Patentamt © ê European Patent Office © Publication number: 0 003 254 Office européen des brevets Bl © EUROPEAN PATENT SPECIFICATION (45) Date of publication of patent spécification: 28.03.84 © Int. ci.3: C 07 D 498/04, A 61 K 31/42, @ Application number: 78300762.8 A 61 K 31/43, @ Date offiling: 07.12.78 A 61 K 31/545 //(C07D498/04, 263/00, 205/00), (A6 1 K3 1 /43, 3 1/42), (A61K3 1/545, 31/42) (54) Derivatives of clavulanic acid, process for their préparation and compositions containing them. (§) Priority: 26.01 .78 GB 312978 @ Proprietor: BEECHAM GROUP PLC Beecham House Great West Road Brentford Middlesex (GB) (43) Date of publication of application: 08.08.79 Bulletin 79/1 6 @ Inventor: Gasson, Brian Charles 9, Clarence Walk (45) Publication of the grant of the patent: Redhill Surrey (GB) 28.03.84 Bulletin 84/13 © Représentative: Hesketh, Alan, Dr. et al, (84) Designated Contracting States: European Patent Attorney Beecham BE CH DEFRGBITNL Pharmaceuticals Great Burgh Yew Tree Bottom Road Epsom, Surrey, KT18 5XQ (GB) (56) Références cited: BE - A - 847 046 The file contains technical information submitted after the application was filed and not included in this spécification Note: Within nine months from the publication of the mention of the grant of the European patent, any person may give notice to the European Patent Office of opposition to the European patent granted. Notice of opposition shall be filed in a written reasoned statement. It shall not be deemed to have been filed until the opposition fee has been paid. -
Flucloxacillin Capsules in This Leaflet: 1 What Flucloxacillin Capsules Are
Flucloxacillin capsules This information is a summary only. It does not contain all information about this medicine. If you would like more information about the medicine you are taking, check with your doctor or other health care provider. No rights can be derived from the information provided in this medicine leaflet. In this leaflet: If you take more than you should 1 What Flucloxacillin capsules are and what they are used for If you (or someone else) swallow a lot of capsules at the same time, or you think a 2 Before you take child may have swallowed any contact your nearest hospital casualty department 3 How to take or tell your doctor immediately. Symptoms of an overdose include feeling or 4 Possible side effects being sick and diarrhoea. 5 How to store If you forget to take the capsules 1 What Flucloxacillin capsules are and what they are used for Do not take a double dose to make up for a forgotten dose. If you forget to take a Flucloxacillin is an antibiotic used to treat infections by killing the bacteria that dose take it as soon as you remember it and carry on as before, try to wait about can cause them. It belongs to a group of antibiotics called “penicillins”. four hours before taking the next dose. Flucloxacillin capsules are used to treat: • chest infections If you stop taking the capsules • throat or nose infections Do not stop treatment early because some bacteria may survive and cause the • ear infections infection to come back. • skin and soft tissue infections • heart infections 4 Possible side effects • bones and joints infections Like all medicines, Flucloxacillin capsules can cause side effects, although not • meningitis everybody gets them. -
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VOLUME 7 NOMOR 2 DESEMBER 2020 ISSN 2548 – 611X JURNAL BIOTEKNOLOGI & BIOSAINS INDONESIA Homepage Jurnal: http://ejurnal.bppt.go.id/index.php/JBBI IN SILICO STUDY OF CEPHALOSPORIN DERIVATIVES TO INHIBIT THE ACTIONS OF Pseudomonas aeruginosa Studi In Silico Senyawa Turunan Sefalosporin dalam Menghambat Aktivitas Bakteri Pseudomonas aeruginosa Saly Amaliacahya Aprilian*, Firdayani, Susi Kusumaningrum Pusat Teknologi Farmasi dan Medika, BPPT, Gedung LAPTIAB 610-612 Kawasan Puspiptek, Setu, Tangerang Selatan, Banten 15314 *Email: [email protected] ABSTRAK Infeksi yang diakibatkan oleh bakteri gram-negatif, seperti Pseudomonas aeruginosa telah menyebar luas di seluruh dunia. Hal ini menjadi ancaman terhadap kesehatan masyarakat karena merupakan bakteri yang multi-drug resistance dan sulit diobati. Oleh karena itu, pentingnya pengembangan agen antimikroba untuk mengobati infeksi semakin meningkat dan salah satu yang saat ini banyak dikembangkan adalah senyawa turunan sefalosporin. Penelitian ini melakukan studi mengenai interaksi tiga dimensi (3D) antara antibiotik dari senyawa turunan Sefalosporin dengan penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) pada P. aeruginosa. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengklarifikasi bahwa agen antimikroba yang berasal dari senyawa turunan sefalosporin efektif untuk menghambat aktivitas bakteri P. aeruginosa. Struktur PBPs didapatkan dari Protein Data Bank (PDB ID: 5DF9). Sketsa struktur turunan sefalosporin digambar menggunakan Marvins Sketch. Kemudian, studi mengenai interaksi antara antibiotik dan PBPs dilakukan menggunakan program Mollegro Virtual Docker 6.0. Hasil yang didapatkan yaitu nilai rerank score terendah dari kelima generasi sefalosporin, di antaranya sefalotin (-116.306), sefotetan (-133.605), sefoperazon (-160.805), sefpirom (- 144.045), dan seftarolin fosamil (-146.398). Keywords: antibiotik, penicillin-binding proteins, P. aeruginosa, sefalosporin, studi interaksi ABSTRACT Infections caused by gram-negative bacteria, such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, have been spreading worldwide. -
Simultaneous Determination of Amoxicillin and Clavulanic Acid in Pharmaceutical Preparations by Capillary Zone Electrophoresis
Brazilian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences vol. 52, n. 2, apr./jun., 2016 Article http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1984-82502016000200006 Simultaneous determination of amoxicillin and clavulanic acid in pharmaceutical preparations by capillary zone electrophoresis Gabriel Hancu1,*, Anamaria Neacşu1, Lajos Attila Papp1, Adriana Ciurba2 1Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, TîrguMureş, Romania, 2Department of PharmaceuticalTechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Tîrgu Mureş, Romania Clavulanic acid enhances the antibacterial spectrum of amoxicillin by rendering most β-lactamase producing isolates susceptible to the drug. A fast, simple and efficient capillary electrophoresis method was developed for the simultaneous determination of amoxicillin and clavulanic acid from complex mixtures. Using a 25 mM sodium tetraborate as background electrolyte at a pH of 9.30, + 25 kV applied voltage, 25 °C system temperature, UV determination at 230 nm; we succeeded in simultaneous separation of amoxicillin and clavulanic acid in approximately 2 minutes. The analytical performance of the method was evaluated in terms of reproducibility, precision, accuracy, and linearity. The optimized analytical method was applied for the determination of the two analytes from combined commercial pharmaceutical preparations. This CE method is fast, inexpensive, efficient, and environmentally friendly when compared with the more frequently used high performance liquid chromatography methods described in the literature. Uniterms: Amoxicillin/determination. Clavulanic acid/determination. Capillary electrophoresis/ quantitative analysis. Antibacterials/quantitative analysis. O ácido clavulânico acentua o espectro antibacteriano de amoxicilina, tornando a maioria dos isolados produtores de β-lactamase sensíveis ao fármaco. Desenvolveu-se um método rápido, simples e eficiente de electroforese capilar (EC) para a determinação simultânea de amoxicilina e de ácido clavulânico a partir de misturas complexas. -
Mechanisms of Resistance to P-Lactam Antibiotics Amongst 1993
J. Med. Microbiol. - Vol. 43 (1999, 30G309 0 1995 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland ANTI MICROBIAL AGENTS Mechanisms of resistance to p-lactam antibiotics amongst Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates collected in the UK in 1993 H. Y. CHEN, ME1 YUAN and D. M. LIVERMORE Department of Medical Microbiology, The London Hospital Medical College, Turner Street, London El 2AD Summary. Antimicrobial resistance among 199 1 Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates collected at 24 UK hospitals during late 1993 was surveyed. Three-hundred and seventy-two of the isolates were resistant, or had reduced susceptibility, to some or all of azlocillin, carbenicillin, ceftazidime, imipenem and meropenem, and the mechanisms underlying their behaviour were examined. Only 13 isolates produced secondary p-lactamases : six possessed PSE- 1 or PSE-4 enzymes and seven had novel OXA enzyme types. Those with PSE types were highly resistant to azlocillin and carbenicillin whereas those with OXA enzymes were less resistant to these penicillins. Chromosomal p-lactamase derepression was demonstrated in 54 isolates, most of which were resistant to ceftazidime and azlocillin although susceptible to carbenicillin and carbapenems. p-Lactamase-independent “ intrinsic” resistance occurred in 277 isolates and is believed to reflect some combination of impermeability and efflux. Two forms were seen : the classical type, present in 195 isolates, gave carbenicillin resistance (MIC > 128 mg/L) and reduced susceptibility to ciprofloxacin and to all p-lactam agents except imipenem; a novel variant, seen in 82 isolates, affected only azlocillin, ceftazidime and, to a small extent, meropenem. Resistance to imipenem was largely dissociated from that to other p-lactam agents, and probably reflected loss of D2 porin, whereas resistance to meropenem was mostly associated with intrinsic resistance to penicillins and cephalosporins. -
Identification of Pasteurella Species and Morphologically Similar Organisms
UK Standards for Microbiology Investigations Identification of Pasteurella species and Morphologically Similar Organisms Issued by the Standards Unit, Microbiology Services, PHE Bacteriology – Identification | ID 13 | Issue no: 3 | Issue date: 04.02.15 | Page: 1 of 28 © Crown copyright 2015 Identification of Pasteurella species and Morphologically Similar Organisms Acknowledgments UK Standards for Microbiology Investigations (SMIs) are developed under the auspices of Public Health England (PHE) working in partnership with the National Health Service (NHS), Public Health Wales and with the professional organisations whose logos are displayed below and listed on the website https://www.gov.uk/uk- standards-for-microbiology-investigations-smi-quality-and-consistency-in-clinical- laboratories. SMIs are developed, reviewed and revised by various working groups which are overseen by a steering committee (see https://www.gov.uk/government/groups/standards-for-microbiology-investigations- steering-committee). The contributions of many individuals in clinical, specialist and reference laboratories who have provided information and comments during the development of this document are acknowledged. We are grateful to the Medical Editors for editing the medical content. For further information please contact us at: Standards Unit Microbiology Services Public Health England 61 Colindale Avenue London NW9 5EQ E-mail: [email protected] Website: https://www.gov.uk/uk-standards-for-microbiology-investigations-smi-quality- and-consistency-in-clinical-laboratories UK Standards for Microbiology Investigations are produced in association with: Logos correct at time of publishing. Bacteriology – Identification | ID 13 | Issue no: 3 | Issue date: 04.02.15 | Page: 2 of 28 UK Standards for Microbiology Investigations | Issued by the Standards Unit, Public Health England Identification of Pasteurella species and Morphologically Similar Organisms Contents ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ......................................................................................................... -
Microbial Biofilms – Veronica Lazar and Eugenia Bezirtzoglou
MEDICAL SCIENCES – Microbial Biofilms – Veronica Lazar and Eugenia Bezirtzoglou MICROBIAL BIOFILMS Veronica Lazar University of Bucharest, Faculty of Biology, Dept. of Microbiology, 060101 Aleea Portocalelor No. 1-3, Sector 6, Bucharest, Romania; Eugenia Bezirtzoglou Democritus University of Thrace - Faculty of Agricultural Development, Dept. of Microbiology, Orestiada, Greece Keywords: Microbial adherence to cellular/inert substrata, Biofilms, Intercellular communication, Quorum Sensing (QS) mechanism, Dental plaque, Tolerance to antimicrobials, Anti-biofilm strategies, Ecological and biotechnological significance of biofilms Contents 1. Introduction 2. Definition 3. Microbial Adherence 4. Development, Architecture of a Mature Biofilm and Properties 5. Intercellular Communication: Intra-, Interspecific and Interkingdom Signaling, By QS Mechanism and Implications 6. Medical Significance of Microbial Biofilms Formed on Cellular Substrata and Medical Devices 6.1. Microbial Biofilms on Medical Devices 6.2. Microorganisms - Biomaterial Interactions 6.3. Phenotypical Resistance or Tolerance to Antimicrobials; Mechanisms of Tolerance 7. New Strategies for Prevention and Treatment of Biofilm Associated Infections 8. Ecological Significance 9. Biotechnological / Industrial Applications 10. Conclusion Acknowledgments Glossary Bibliography Biographical Sketches UNESCO – EOLSS Summary A biofilm is a sessileSAMPLE microbial community coCHAPTERSmposed of cells embedded in a matrix of exopolysaccharide matrix attached to a substratum or interface. Biofilms -
Ompf Downregulation Mediated by Sigma E Or Ompr Activation Confers
bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.05.16.444350; this version posted May 17, 2021. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC 4.0 International license. 1 OmpF Downregulation Mediated by Sigma E or OmpR Activation Confers 2 Cefalexin Resistance in Escherichia coli in the Absence of Acquired β- 3 Lactamases. 4 5 Maryam ALZAYN1,2, Punyawee DULYAYANGKUL1, Naphat SATAPOOMIN1, 6 Kate J. HEESOM3, Matthew B. AVISON1* 7 8 1School of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK 9 2Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman 10 University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia 11 3University of Bristol Proteomics Facility, Bristol, UK 12 13 * Correspondence to: School of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of 14 Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom. [email protected] 15 16 17 Running Title: OmpR and Sigma E mediated Cefalexin Resistance in E. coli 18 1 bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.05.16.444350; this version posted May 17, 2021. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC 4.0 International license. 19 Abstract 20 Cefalexin is a widely used 1st generation cephalosporin, and resistance in 21 Escherichia coli is caused by Extended-Spectrum (e.g. CTX-M) and AmpC β- 22 lactamase production and therefore frequently coincides with 3rd generation 23 cephalosporin resistance. -
1028 Subpart A—Susceptibility Discs
§ 460.1 21 CFR Ch. I (4±1±96 Edition) 460.137 Methicillin concentrated stock solu- Neomycin: 30 mcg. tions for use in antimicrobial suscepti- Novobiocin: 30 mcg. bility test panels. Oleandomycin: 15 mcg. 460.140 Penicillin G concentrated stock so- Penicillin G: 10 units. lutions for use in antimicrobial suscepti- Polymyxin B: 300 units. bility test panels. Rifampin: 5 mcg. 460.146 Tetracycline concentrated stock so- Streptomycin: 10 mcg. lutions for use in antimicrobial suscepti- Tetracycline: 30 mcg. bility test panels. Tobramycin: 10 mcg. 460.149 Tobramycin concentrated stock so- Vancomycin: 30 mcg. lutions for use in antimicrobial suscepti- bility test panels. The standard discs used to determine 460.152 Trimethoprim concentrated stock the potency shall be made of paper as solutions for use in antimicrobial suscep- described in § 460.6(d). Each antibiotic tibility test panels. compound used to impregnate such 460.153 Sulfamethoxazole concentrated stock solutions for use in antimicrobial standard discs shall be equilibrated in susceptibility test panels. terms of the working standard des- ignated by the Commissioner for use in AUTHORITY: Sec. 507 of the Federal Food, determining the potency or purity of Drug, and Cosmetic Act (21 U.S.C. 357). such antibiotic. SOURCE: 39 FR 19181, May 30, 1974, unless (b) Packaging. The immediate con- otherwise noted. tainer shall be a tight container as de- fined by the U.S.P. and shall be of such Subpart AÐSusceptibility Discs composition as will not cause any change in the strength, quality, or pu- § 460.1 Certification procedures for an- rity of the contents beyond any limit tibiotic susceptibility discs. -
Antibiotic and Metal Resistance in Escherichia Coli Isolated from Pig Slaughterhouses in the United Kingdom
antibiotics Article Antibiotic and Metal Resistance in Escherichia coli Isolated from Pig Slaughterhouses in the United Kingdom Hongyan Yang 1,2,*, Shao-Hung Wei 2,3, Jon L. Hobman 2 and Christine E. R. Dodd 2 1 College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China 2 School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Sutton Bonington, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, UK; [email protected] (S.-H.W.); [email protected] (J.L.H.); [email protected] (C.E.R.D.) 3 JHL Biotech, Zhubei City, Hsinchu County 302, Taiwan * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 28 September 2020; Accepted: 27 October 2020; Published: 28 October 2020 Abstract: Antimicrobial resistance is currently an important concern, but there are few data on the co-presence of metal and antibiotic resistance in potentially pathogenic Escherichia coli entering the food chain from pork, which may threaten human health. We have examined the phenotypic and genotypic resistances to 18 antibiotics and 3 metals (mercury, silver, and copper) of E. coli from pig slaughterhouses in the United Kingdom. The results showed resistances to oxytetracycline, streptomycin, sulphonamide, ampicillin, chloramphenicol, trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole, ceftiofur, amoxicillin–clavulanic acid, aztreonam, and nitrofurantoin. The top three resistances were oxytetracycline (64%), streptomycin (28%), and sulphonamide (16%). Two strains were resistant to six kinds of antibiotics. Three carried the blaTEM gene. Fifteen strains (18.75%) were resistant to 25 µg/mL mercury and five (6.25%) of these to 50 µg/mL; merA and merC genes were detected in 14 strains. Thirty-five strains (43.75%) showed resistance to silver, with 19 possessing silA, silB, and silE genes.