DOCSLIB.ORG

Plasma Aerodynamics Since the End of the Cold War Dennis C

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

Florida State University Libraries Electronic Theses, Treatises and Dissertations The Graduate School 2012 Plasma Aerodynamics since the End of the Cold War Dennis C. Mills Follow this and additional works at the FSU Digital Library. For more information, please contact [email protected] THE FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES PLASMA AERODYNAMICS SINCE THE END OF THE COLD WAR By DENNIS C. MILLS A Dissertation submitted to the Department of History in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Degree Awarded: Summer Semester, 2012 Dennis C. Mills defended this dissertation on April 19, 2012. The members of the supervisory committee were: Jonathan Grant Professor Directing Dissertation Michael Ruse University Representative Frederick Davis Committee Member Edward Wynot Committee Member Rafe Blaufarb Committee Member The Graduate School has verified and approved the above-named committee members, and certifies that the dissertation has been approved in accordance with university requirements. ii To my mother and my wife. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This journey began back in junior high school around 1970 when I first realized I enjoyed history. Many people helped along the way and I truly wish I could personally thank each and every one of them for the achievement of a life-long dream. They assisted in this long journey and I am forever in their gratitude. iv TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................................... vi CHAPTER ONE: PLASMA AERODYNAMICS .........................................................................1 Introduction .............................................................................................................................1 Challenges ..........................................................................................................3 Plasma Aerodynamics .............................................................................................................4 Former Soviet Union Science and Culture ......................................................12 Second Law of Thermodynamics ....................................................................16 Technology ......................................................................................................23 US Science and Culture ...................................................................................24 Scientific Realism ............................................................................................29 National Aerospace Plane ......................................................................................................35 Chaos .....................................................................................................................................40 CHAPTER TWO: SAVING SOVIET UNION SCIENCE ..........................................................42 Soviet Union Opening ...........................................................................................................43 August Coup and Jaquish’s Promise .....................................................................................47 Academic and Military Culture .............................................................................................57 CHAPTER THREE: PHYSICS AND AERODYNAMICS .........................................................76 Science After WWI and WWII .............................................................................................76 Electrons and Quanta .............................................................................................................77 Problems of Cosmical Aerodynamics ...................................................................................82 Magnetohydrodynamics ........................................................................................................83 Fusion and MHD International Cooperation .........................................................................85 CHAPTER FOUR: SOVIET SCIENCE HISTORY ..................................................................102 CHAPTER FIVE: AJAX ............................................................................................................121 Leninetz AJAX Proposal .................................................................................................127 Anomaly and Its Discontents ...........................................................................................131 Why Wither ......................................................................................................................148 Exergy ..............................................................................................................................150 Conclusions ......................................................................................................................153 APPENDIX A: DISCLAIMER ..................................................................................................158 BIBLIOGRAPHY ........................................................................................................................159 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH .......................................................................................................186 v ABSTRACT This study examines two former adversarial scientific and technological aerospace constructs created, for the most part, separately during the Cold War and their subsequent meeting and collaboration after the Soviet Union collapse. They both strove first separately, then in unison to create a hypersonic aircraft. In studying this collaboration, one must evaluate each research communities’ strengths and weaknesses as well as historians’ efforts to explain the exact relationship between science and technology, or applied science. This “international” approach offers some advantages in determining both nations’ research capabilities. If one accepts a ‘science’ and ‘technology’ as separate entities, I show that it was actually each country’s technological or ‘applied science’ capabilities that defined their ‘science’ and punctuated the two contending scientific communities views regarding the work together. vi CHAPTER ONE PLASMA AERODYNAMICS Introduction I grew up on military bases in Germany primarily with short tours back in the United States. My mother’s side of the family had been Volksdeutscher farmers in Hungary before World War Two. My grandfather was drafted into the Hungarian Army and captured by Soviet forces and placed in an Odessa POW camp. Unrecognizable to his family when he returned, the communists requisitioned his large farm property and put him and the family on a train to Wertheim, Germany. My grandparents and six children shared one room in a former Kaserne, German Army barracks. Later when the Volksdeutscher moved into newly built apartment buildings, the US Army moved in as part of NATO’s forces. This is how my parents met. I believe this upbringing gave me an acute sense of different cultures and that ideas, behaviors, definitions, and history itself meant dissimilar things to diverse nationalities. I have always been stunned by how the simplest conversations can reveal hidden assumptions and lay them bare for objective, often times discomforting analysis. For me, understanding these superficial interpretations leads to deeper philosophical issues often premised on the sciences. The argument is that in the search for “objectivity” nature offers some answers with which in turn offer metaphorical guides to understand human thoughts and behavior. While this premise is not universally accepted, it is one that offers some hope against purely subjective incantations. The horrors of the Holocaust and its pseudo-scientific premise, to which I was exposed to at a young age in Germany, the raced-based slave trade and American struggle to come to terms with its internal divisions, women’s issues, gays, and others gave me a revulsion toward such incomprehensible rationalizations. For me, beginning with science, using philosophical language, provides a means with which to understand the historical outcomes. Thermodynamic laws underlie this philosophical look at hypersonic cooperation. Scientists have understood, in general, its outcomes dictating that macro characteristics depend on micro elements. The human race is undergoing a rapid familiarization to thermodynamics in the scientific debates regarding global warming. Every dynamic 1 event involves energy and a loss of heat, or dissipation. This conforms to thermodynamics and has never been disproven – no exceptions. This dissipation is evidenced by our own bodies. We consume food as energy, and some of the material, and heat created by actives and thoughts (electric impulses): and maintaining our core temperature are dissipated. The human race accelerated this heat-dissipation by machine building at the dawn of the industrial revolution and has steadily increased the heat accumulation process as evidenced by melting Polar Regions, glaciers, desertification, and rising temperature. Just open the hood of your car after a trip and stick your head into the engine compartment and ask yourself where is that heat going? Daily news reports warn society of the catastrophic consequences of our micro-behavior on our macro-climate. The science of this micro-macro phenomenon is the same for hypersonic plasma aerodynamics. The other critical thermodynamic characteristic is unpredictability. Whenever
Recommended publications
  • Module 1: Hypersonic Atmosphere Lecture1: Characteristics of Hypersonic Atmosphere

    Module 1: Hypersonic Atmosphere Lecture1: Characteristics of Hypersonic Atmosphere

    NPTEL –Aerospace Module 1: Hypersonic Atmosphere Lecture1: Characteristics of Hypersonic Atmosphere 1.1 Introduction Hypersonic flight has special traits, some of which are seen in every hypersonic flight. Presence of these particular features during a flight is highly dependant on type of trajectory, configuration etc. In short it is the mission requirement which decides the nature of hypersonic atmosphere encountered by the flight vehicle. Some missions are designed for high deceleration in outer atmosphere during reentry. Hence, those flight vehicles experience longer flight duration at high angle of attacks due to which blunt nosed configuration are generally preferred for such aircrafts. On the contrary, some missions are centered on low flight duration with major deceleration closer to earth surface hence these vehicles have sharp nose and low angle of attack flights. Reentry flight path of hypersonic vehicle is thus governed by the parameters called as ballistic parameter and lifting parameter. These parameters are obtained by applying momentum conservation equation in the direction of the flight path and normal to it. Velocity-altitude map of the flight is thus made from the knowledge of these governing flight parameters, weight and surface area. Ballistic parameter is considered for non lifting reentry flights like flight path of Apollo capsule, however lifting parameter is considered for lifting reentry trajectories like that of space shuttle. Therefore hypersonic flight vehicles are classified in four different types based on the design constraints imposed from mission specifications. 1. Reentry Vehicles (RV): These vehicles are typically launched using rocket propulsion system. Reentry of these vehicles is controlled by control surfaces.
  • Notes on Earth Atmospheric Entry for Mars Sample Return Missions

    Notes on Earth Atmospheric Entry for Mars Sample Return Missions

    NASA/TP–2006-213486 Notes on Earth Atmospheric Entry for Mars Sample Return Missions Thomas Rivell Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California September 2006 The NASA STI Program Office . in Profile Since its founding, NASA has been dedicated to the • CONFERENCE PUBLICATION. Collected advancement of aeronautics and space science. The papers from scientific and technical confer- NASA Scientific and Technical Information (STI) ences, symposia, seminars, or other meetings Program Office plays a key part in helping NASA sponsored or cosponsored by NASA. maintain this important role. • SPECIAL PUBLICATION. Scientific, technical, The NASA STI Program Office is operated by or historical information from NASA programs, Langley Research Center, the Lead Center for projects, and missions, often concerned with NASA’s scientific and technical information. The subjects having substantial public interest. NASA STI Program Office provides access to the NASA STI Database, the largest collection of • TECHNICAL TRANSLATION. English- aeronautical and space science STI in the world. language translations of foreign scientific and The Program Office is also NASA’s institutional technical material pertinent to NASA’s mission. mechanism for disseminating the results of its research and development activities. These results Specialized services that complement the STI are published by NASA in the NASA STI Report Program Office’s diverse offerings include creating Series, which includes the following report types: custom thesauri, building customized databases, organizing and publishing research results . even • TECHNICAL PUBLICATION. Reports of providing videos. completed research or a major significant phase of research that present the results of NASA For more information about the NASA STI programs and include extensive data or theoreti- Program Office, see the following: cal analysis.
  • Boris Hessen: Physics and Philosophy in the Soviet Union, 1927–1931 Neglected Debates on Emergence and Reduction Series: History of Physics

    Boris Hessen: Physics and Philosophy in the Soviet Union, 1927–1931 Neglected Debates on Emergence and Reduction Series: History of Physics

    springer.com Chris Talbot, Olga Pattison (Eds.) Boris Hessen: Physics and Philosophy in the Soviet Union, 1927–1931 Neglected Debates on Emergence and Reduction Series: History of Physics Presents key works by the outstanding Soviet philosopher of science Boris Hessen, available in English for the first time Revives important ideas that were lost after the author's execution by Stalin in 1936 Adds essential new perspectives to current debates on emergence This book presents key works of Boris Hessen, outstanding Soviet philosopher of science, 1st ed. 2021, IX, 169 p. 7 illus., 1 illus. in available here in English for the first time. Quality translations are accompanied by an editors' color. introduction and annotations. Boris Hessen is known in history of science circles for his “Social and Economic Roots of Newton’s Principia” presented in London (1931), which inspired new Printed book approaches in the West. As a philosopher and a physicist, he was tasked with developing a Hardcover Marxist approach to science in the 1920s. He studied the history of physics to clarify issues 119,99 € | £109.99 | $149.99 such as reductionism and causality as they applied to new developments. With the [1] 128,39 € (D) | 131,99 € (A) | CHF philosophers called the “Dialecticians”, his debates with the opposing “Mechanists” on the issue 141,50 of emergence are still worth studying and largely ignored in the many recent works on this eBook subject. Taken as a whole, the book is a goldmine of insights into both the foundations of 96,29 € | £87.50 | $109.00 physics and Soviet history.
  • Aerothermodynamic Analysis of a Mars Sample Return Earth-Entry Vehicle" (2018)

    Aerothermodynamic Analysis of a Mars Sample Return Earth-Entry Vehicle" (2018)

    Old Dominion University ODU Digital Commons Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering Theses & Dissertations Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering Summer 2018 Aerothermodynamic Analysis of a Mars Sample Return Earth- Entry Vehicle Daniel A. Boyd Old Dominion University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.odu.edu/mae_etds Part of the Aerodynamics and Fluid Mechanics Commons, Space Vehicles Commons, and the Thermodynamics Commons Recommended Citation Boyd, Daniel A.. "Aerothermodynamic Analysis of a Mars Sample Return Earth-Entry Vehicle" (2018). Master of Science (MS), Thesis, Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, Old Dominion University, DOI: 10.25777/xhmz-ax21 https://digitalcommons.odu.edu/mae_etds/43 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering at ODU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering Theses & Dissertations by an authorized administrator of ODU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. AEROTHERMODYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF A MARS SAMPLE RETURN EARTH-ENTRY VEHICLE by Daniel A. Boyd B.S. May 2008, Virginia Military Institute M.A. August 2015, Webster University A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of Old Dominion University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE AEROSPACE ENGINEERING OLD DOMINION UNIVERSITY August 2018 Approved by: __________________________ Robert L. Ash (Director) __________________________ Oktay Baysal (Member) __________________________ Jamshid A. Samareh (Member) __________________________ Shizhi Qian (Member) ABSTRACT AEROTHERMODYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF A MARS SAMPLE RETURN EARTH-ENTRY VEHICLE Daniel A. Boyd Old Dominion University, 2018 Director: Dr. Robert L. Ash Because of the severe quarantine constraints that must be imposed on any returned extraterrestrial samples, the Mars sample return Earth-entry vehicle must remain intact through sample recovery.
  • Hungarian Refugee Scientists in Defense of the Autonomy

    Hungarian Refugee Scientists in Defense of the Autonomy

    THE INTERCONNECTEDNESS OF THE SOCIAL AND NATURAL SCIENCES: HUNGARIAN REFUGEE SCIENTISTS IN DEFENSE OF THE AUTONOMY OF SCIENCE By Csaba Olasz Submitted to Central European University Department of History In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts CEU eTD Collection Supervisor: Professor Karl Hall Second reader: Professor Emese Lafferton Copyright in the text of this thesis rests with the Author. Copies by any process, either in full or part, maybe made only in accordance with the instructions given by the Author and lodged in the Central European Library. Details may be obtained from the librarian. This page must form a part of any such copies made. Further copies made in accordance with such instructions may not be made without the written permission of the Author. CEU eTD Collection i ABSTRACT The contribution of foreign born scientists to the building of the first Atomic bomb is well-known. That a number of theoretical physicist involved in the Manhattan Project continued taking an active part in the politicization of nuclear physics of post war America were also refugees is, perhaps, less so. This essay considers the public engagement of Hungarian born scientists in a broader historical context that has shaped their professional trajectories. Discussing themes as family backgrounds, (forced?) migration, totalitarian systems, personal ambitions, technical brilliance, socio-economic relations of science and government as well as nuclear defense politics, I point out that my protagonists have become agencies in and of the transformation that science politics had been undergoing at the time. The shared experience as Atomic scientists of Eugene Wigner and Leo Szilard is the departure point from which an analysis of personal and socio-political factors is used to interpret any discrepancies in the rationale behind, and the nature of, their public engagement.
  • Nasa X-15 Program

    Nasa X-15 Program

    5 24,132 6 9 NASA X-15 PROGRAM By: T.D. Barnes - NASA Contractor - 1960s NASA contractors for the X-15 program were Bendix Field Engineering followed by Unitec, Inc. The NASA High Range Tracking stations were located at Ely and Beatty Nevada with main control being at Dryden/Edwards AFB in California. Personnel at the tracking stations consisted of a Station Manager, a Technical Advisor, and field engineers for the Mod-2 Radar, Data Transmission System, Communications, Telemetry, and Plant Maintenance/Generators. NASA had a site monitor at each tracking station to monitor our contractor operations. Though supporting flights of the X-15 was their main objective, they also participated in flights of the XB-70, the three Lifting Bodies, experimental Lunar Landing vehicles, and an occasional A-12/YF-12/SR-71 Blackbird flight. On mission days a NASA van picked up each member of the crew at their residence for the 4:20 a.m. trip to the tracking station 18 miles North of Beatty on the Tonopah Highway. Upon arrival each performed preflight calibrations and setup of their various systems. The liftoff of the B-52, with the X-15 tucked beneath its wing, seldom occurred after 9:00 a.m. due to the heat effect of the Mojave Desert making it difficult for the planes to acquire altitude. At approximately 0800 hours two pilots from Dryden would proceed uprange to evaluate the condition of the dry lake beds in the event of an emergency landing of the X-15 (always buzzing our station on the way up and back).
  • Tactical Missile Structures and Materials Technology

    Tactical Missile Structures and Materials Technology

    WILLIAM C. CAYWOOD, ROBERT M. RIVELLO, and LOUIS B. WECKESSER TACTICAL MISSILE STRUCTURES AND MATERIALS TECHNOLOGY Significant advances have occurred in missile structures and materials technology since the late 1940's. Some of the advances were the result of improvements in design concepts and material prop­ erties; others were from the development of new materials and fabrication techniques. Rapid strides in computer technology and methods of structural analysis have also played an important role. This article discusses the structural design requirements for the next generation of missiles and reviews the technological advances that will make it possible to meet those requirements. INTRODUCTION Antenna housing The Applied Physics Laboratory's experience in Cowl assembly tactical missile structural design began with the devel­ opment of the rocket-powered Terrier and the ramjet-powered Talos in the late 1940's. The air­ frames for those missiles were designed with conven­ tional aircraft materials, using slide rules, mechanical desk calculators, handbooks, and rule-of-thumb pro­ cedures. To ensure adequate safety margins, conser­ Innerbody fairing vative analytical procedures were pursued, followed Sheet magnesium Innerbody by extensive environmental testing. Simple aluminum forward cone Cast magnesium and steel structures operating at temperatures below Figure 1 - Magnesium components in Talos represented 300°F for Terrier and 600°F for Talos made up the 13 % of the weight of the primary load-carrying structure major portion of the missiles. Terrier was con­ and 10 % of the gross launch weight. structed primarily from machined castings. Talos, shown in Fig. 1 with its central air duct configura­ tion, used sheet metal construction.
  • Evolving the Oblique Wing

    Evolving the Oblique Wing

    NASA AERONAUTICS BOOK SERIES A I 3 A 1 A 0 2 H D IS R T A O W RY T A Bruce I. Larrimer MANUSCRIP . Bruce I. Larrimer Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Larrimer, Bruce I. Thinking obliquely : Robert T. Jones, the Oblique Wing, NASA's AD-1 Demonstrator, and its legacy / Bruce I. Larrimer. pages cm Includes bibliographical references. 1. Oblique wing airplanes--Research--United States--History--20th century. 2. Research aircraft--United States--History--20th century. 3. United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration-- History--20th century. 4. Jones, Robert T. (Robert Thomas), 1910- 1999. I. Title. TL673.O23L37 2013 629.134'32--dc23 2013004084 Copyright © 2013 by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. The opinions expressed in this volume are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official positions of the United States Government or of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. This publication is available as a free download at http://www.nasa.gov/ebooks. Introduction v Chapter 1: American Genius: R.T. Jones’s Path to the Oblique Wing .......... ....1 Chapter 2: Evolving the Oblique Wing ............................................................ 41 Chapter 3: Design and Fabrication of the AD-1 Research Aircraft ................75 Chapter 4: Flight Testing and Evaluation of the AD-1 ................................... 101 Chapter 5: Beyond the AD-1: The F-8 Oblique Wing Research Aircraft ....... 143 Chapter 6: Subsequent Oblique-Wing Plans and Proposals ....................... 183 Appendices Appendix 1: Physical Characteristics of the Ames-Dryden AD-1 OWRA 215 Appendix 2: Detailed Description of the Ames-Dryden AD-1 OWRA 217 Appendix 3: Flight Log Summary for the Ames-Dryden AD-1 OWRA 221 Acknowledgments 230 Selected Bibliography 231 About the Author 247 Index 249 iii This time-lapse photograph shows three of the various sweep positions that the AD-1's unique oblique wing could assume.
  • Comparison of Theodorsen's Unsteady Aerodynamic Forces with Doublet Lattice Generalized Aerodynamic Forces 5B

    Comparison of Theodorsen's Unsteady Aerodynamic Forces with Doublet Lattice Generalized Aerodynamic Forces 5B

    NASA/TM–2017-219667 Comparison of Theodorsen’s Unsteady Aerodynamic Forces with Doublet Lattice Generalized Aerodynamic Forces Boyd Perry, III Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia September 2017 NASA STI Program . in Profile Since its founding, NASA has been dedicated to the x CONFERENCE PUBLICATION. advancement of aeronautics and space science. The Collected papers from scientific and technical NASA scientific and technical information (STI) conferences, symposia, seminars, or other program plays a key part in helping NASA maintain meetings sponsored or co-sponsored by NASA. this important role. x SPECIAL PUBLICATION. Scientific, The NASA STI program operates under the auspices technical, or historical information from NASA of the Agency Chief Information Officer. It collects, programs, projects, and missions, often organizes, provides for archiving, and disseminates concerned with subjects having substantial NASA’s STI. The NASA STI program provides access public interest. to the NTRS Registered and its public interface, the NASA Technical Reports Server, thus providing one x TECHNICAL TRANSLATION. of the largest collections of aeronautical and space English-language translations of foreign science STI in the world. Results are published in both scientific and technical material pertinent to non-NASA channels and by NASA in the NASA STI NASA’s mission. Report Series, which includes the following report types: Specialized services also include organizing and publishing research results, distributing x TECHNICAL PUBLICATION. Reports of specialized research announcements and feeds, completed research or a major significant phase of providing information desk and personal search research that present the results of NASA support, and enabling data exchange services. Programs and include extensive data or theoretical analysis.
  • Soviet States and Beyond: Political Epistemologies Of/And Marxism 1917-1945-1968

    Soviet States and Beyond: Political Epistemologies Of/And Marxism 1917-1945-1968

    Soviet States and Beyond: Political Epistemologies of/and Marxism 1917-1945-1968 21-22 June 2018, National Research University Higher School of Economics, Myasnickaya 20, Moscow Самойлов Д.,Ефимович Б., Дворец техники. 1933 Organized by FRIEDRICH CAIN Max Weber Centre for Advanced Cultural and Social Studies, University of Erfurt ALEXANDER DMITRIEV Poletayev Institute for Theoretical and Historical Studies in the Humanities National Research University Higher School of Economics (IGITI HSE), Moscow DIETLIND HÜCHTKER Leibniz Institute for the History and Culture of Eastern Europe (GWZO), Leipzig JAN SURMAN IGITI HSE Thurdsay, 21 June 2018, Myasnickaya 20, aud. 311 10:00-10:30 Opening 10:30-12:00 Soviet Science Studies and Their Politics (Chair Dietlind Hüchtker) ALEXANDER DMITRIEV, IGITI HSE: Beyond Boris Hessen: New History and Philosophy of Science in Early Soviet Union IGOR KAUFMANN, ST. PETERSBURG STATE UNIVERSITY: Epistemic Programme(s) of the Soviet Science Studies: something old, something new, something bizarre 12:00-13:00 Lunch Break 13:00-14:30 Entanglements & Receptions I: Before WWII (Chair Friedrich Cain) DARIA DROZDOVA, SCHOOL OF PHILOSOPHY, HSE: Historicizing Science: Soviet and Italian Interwar Projects in Comparison KARL HALL, CENTRAL EUROPEAN UNIVERSITY, BUDAPEST: Sarton’s Rivals: Disciplinary Dilemmas of History of Science circa 1931 14:30-15:00 Coffee Break 15:00-16:30 Soviet Science (Studies) in Comparison (Chair Daria Petushkova) GEERT SOMSEN, MAASTRICHT UNIVERSITY: The Epistemology of Popularization: British ‘Scientific
  • Supersonic Biplane Design Via Adjoint Method A

    Supersonic Biplane Design Via Adjoint Method A

    SUPERSONIC BIPLANE DESIGN VIA ADJOINT METHOD A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF AERONAUTICS AND ASTRONAUTICS AND THE COMMITTEE ON GRADUATE STUDIES OF STANFORD UNIVERSITY IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Rui Hu May 2009 c Copyright by Rui Hu 2009 All Rights Reserved ii I certify that I have read this dissertation and that, in my opinion, it is fully adequate in scope and quality as a dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. (Antony Jameson) Principal Adviser I certify that I have read this dissertation and that, in my opinion, it is fully adequate in scope and quality as a dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. (Robert W. MacCormack) I certify that I have read this dissertation and that, in my opinion, it is fully adequate in scope and quality as a dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. (Gianluca Iaccarino) Approved for the University Committee on Graduate Studies. iii Abstract In developing the next generation supersonic transport airplane, two major challenges must be resolved. The fuel efficiency must be significantly improved, and the sonic boom propagating to the ground must be dramatically reduced. Both of these objec- tives can be achieved by reducing the shockwaves formed in supersonic flight. The Busemann biplane is famous for using favorable shockwave interaction to achieve nearly shock-free supersonic flight at its design Mach number. Its performance at off-design Mach numbers, however, can be very poor. This dissertation studies the performance of supersonic biplane airfoils at design and off-design conditions.
  • Aerodynamic Heating of Inflatable Aeroshell in Orbital Reentry

    Aerodynamic Heating of Inflatable Aeroshell in Orbital Reentry

    Title Aerodynamic heating of inflatable aeroshell in orbital reentry Author(s) Takahashi, Yusuke; Yamada, Kazuhiko Acta astronautica, 152, 437-448 Citation https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actaastro.2018.08.003 Issue Date 2018-11 Doc URL http://hdl.handle.net/2115/79647 © 2018. This manuscript version is made available under the CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 license Rights http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ Rights(URL) http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ Type article (author version) File Information paper_titans_heatflux.pdf Instructions for use Hokkaido University Collection of Scholarly and Academic Papers : HUSCAP Aerodynamic Heating of Inflatable Aeroshell in Orbital Reentry Yusuke Takahashi1, Hokkaido University, Kita 13 Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8628, Japan and Kazuhiko Yamada2 Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5210, Japan Keywords: Inflatable reentry vehicle, Aerodynamic heating, Hypersonic, Deformation, Coupled analysis Abstract The aerodynamic heating of an inflatable reentry vehicle, which is one of the innova- tive reentry technologies, was numerically investigated using a tightly coupled approach involving computational fluid dynamics and structure analysis. The fundamentals of a high-enthalpy flow around the inflatable reentry vehicle were clarified. It was found that the flow fields in the shock layer formed in front of the vehicle were strongly in a chemical nonequilibrium state owing to its low-ballistic coefficient trajectory. The heat flux tendencies on the surface of the vehicle were comprehensively investigated for various effects of the vehicle shape, surface catalysis, and turbulence via a parametric study of these parameters.