DOCSLIB.ORG

U-M·I University Microfilms International a Bell & Howell Information Company 300 North Zeeb Road

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
U-M·I University Microfilms International a Bell & Howell Information Company 300 North Zeeb Road Incentives for the emergence of vertical restraints. Item Type text; Dissertation-Reproduction (electronic) Authors Durham, Yvonne. Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Download date 05/10/2021 14:22:35 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/186842 INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedtbrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely. event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand comer and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Each original is also photographed in one exposure and is included in reduced form at the back of the book. Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. Higher quality 6" x 9" black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. U-M·I University Microfilms International A Bell & Howell Information Company 300 North Zeeb Road. Ann Arbor. M148106·1346 USA 313/761·4700 800/521·0600 Order Number 9506975 Incentives for the emergence of vertical restraints Durham, Yvonne, Ph.D. The University of Arizona, 1994 V·M·I 300 N. Zeeb Rd. Ann Arbor, MI 48106 INCENTIVES FOR THE EMERGENCE OF VERTICAL RESTRAINTS by Yvonne Durham A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of the DEPARTMENT OF ECONOMICS In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY In the Graduate College THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA 1 994 2 THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA GRADUATE COLLEGE As members of the Final Examination Committee, we certify that we have read the dissertation prepared by-------------------------------------- Yvonne Durham entitled Incentives for the Emergence of Vertical Restraints --------------------------~---------------------------------- and recommend that it be accepted as fulfilling the dissertation requirement for the Degree of __~J)~Q~C~,iv~_~~~~--~~~b~f~/~V~s~O~f~~,2F~------------ _j /L2 17V Date I ,; A .... _ 7~-= 7/""2--"Llqy V\../v~t·· ~ ! Date Date Date Date Final approval and acceptance of this dissertation is contingent upon the candidate's submission of the final copy of the dissertation to the Graduate College. I hereby certify that I have read this dissertation prepared under my direction and recommend that it be accepted as fulfilling the dissertation requirement. Dissertation Director Date 3 STATEMENT BY AUTHOR This dissertation has been submitted in partial fulfillment of requirements for an advanced degree at The University of Arizona and is deposited in the University Library to be made available to borrowers under rules ofthe Library. Brief quotations from this dissertation are allowable without special permission. provided that accurate acknowledgement of source is made. Requests for permission for extended quotation from or reproduction of this manuscript in whole or in part may be granted by the head of the major department of the Dean of the Graduate College when in his or her judgment the proposed use of the material is in the interests of scholarship. In all other instances. however. permission must be obtained from the author. SIGNED'¥~ ~ 4 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank the members of my dissertation committee: Mark Isaac for his continued support as dissertation director. Stan Reynolds for his insightful comments and encouragement. and especially Vernon Smith. for providing me with emotional and financial support to continue my studies in the face of seemingly overwhelming obstacles. I am also very grateful for the financial and technical support provided by the Economic Science Laboratory. Shawn Lamaster and Zhu Li provided invaluable programming help; Pat Kiser always knew which forms needed to be turned in where and to whom; and Steve Rassenti always had an open door. For these things and for their constant friendship. I thank them. Finally. I would like to thank my family for their constant support and my friend Don Wells for teaching me that economics can be fun and rewarding. A special thanks goes to all the wonderful friends and educators who were patient with my questions and generous with their time. 5 TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES .............................................................................................................7 LIST OF TABLES ...............................................................................................................8 ABSTRACT ........................................................................................................................9 1. AN EXPERIMENTAL EXAMINATION OF DOUBLE MARGINALIZATION AND VERTICAL RELA TIONSHIPS ............................................................................... 11 1.1 Introduction and Literature Review ................................................................. 11 1.2 Experimental Design .........................................................................................15 1.3 Experimental Procedures ................................................................................. 20 1.4 Experimental Results ........................................................................................ 22 1.5 Conclusions ...................................................................................................... 31 1.6 Endnotes .......................................................................................................... 33 2. A THEORETICAL MODEL OF SYSTEMS EXCLUSIVE DEALING ................................. 35 2.1 Introduction and Literature Review ................................................................. 35 2.2 Model Specification ......................................................................................... 39 2.3 Game Description .............................................................................................42 2.4 Equilbrium Without Exclusive Dealing .............................................................43 2.5 Equilbrium With Exclusiv~ Dealing .................................................................. 45 2.6 Results .............................................................................................................. 51 3. DID NINTENDO USE EXCLUSIVE DEALING CONTRACTS TO MAINTAIN ITS MONOPOLY POSITION IN THE U.S. HOME VIDEO GAME INDUSTRy? ................... 62 3.1 Introduction ......................................................................................................62 3.2 History of Nintendo ......................................................................................... 64 3.3 The U.S. Home Video Game Industry Before Nintendo .................................. 66 3.4 The Market Test ..............................................................................................68 3.5 The Security Chip ............................................................................................. 73 3.6 Licensing Restrictions .......................................................................................74 3.7 Marketing Practices .......................................................................................... 77 3.7.1 Nintendo Power ....................................................................................... 77 3.7.2 Nintendo Hotline ..................................................................................... 78 3.7.3 Keeping Parents Happy ............................................................................ 79 3.7.4 Game Management .................................................................................. 80 6 TABLE OF CONTENTS - Continued 3.8 Competitors and Advances in Technology ...................................................... 82 3.8.1 The Super Nintendo Entertainment System ............................................ 85 3.8.2 The Continuing Market for NES .............................................................. 86 3.8.3 Licensee Benefits ..................................................................................... 87 3.9 Lawsuits ........................................................................................................... 89 3.9.1 Atari Garnes Corporation ......................................................................... 89 3.9.2 Atari Corporation ..................................................................................... 91 3.9.4 Federal Trade Commission ...................................................................... 93 3.10 Legal Treatment of Exclusive Dealing ............................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Mario's Legacy and Sonic's Heritage: Replays and Refunds of Console Gaming History
    Mario’s legacy and Sonic’s heritage: Replays and refunds of console gaming history Jaakko Suominen University of Turku / Digital Culture P.O. Box 124 28101 Pori +35823338100 jaakko.suominen at utu.fi ABSTRACT In this paper, I study how three major videogame device manufacturers, Microsoft, Sony and Nintendo use gaming history within their popular console products, Microsoft Xbox 360, Sony PS 3 and Nintendo Wii. These enterprises do not only market new game applications and devices but also recycle classic game themes, game characters as well as classic games themselves. Therefore, these corporations are a part of the phenomenon which can be called retrogaming culture or digital retro economy. The paper introduces the different ways in which the corporations began to use history and how they constructed their digital game market strategies to be compatible with the current retrogaming trend. In addition, the paper introduces a model for different phases of uses of history. The paper is empirically based on literary reviews, recreational computing magazine articles, company websites and other online sources and participatory observation of retrogaming applications and product analyses. Sociological and cultural studies on nostalgia as well as history culture form the theoretical framework of the study. Keywords retrogaming, classic games, history management, uses of history, consoles INTRODUCTION When a game company utilizes its older products to make a new application, when the same company mentions the year it was established in a job advertisement or when it celebrates a game figure’s 20-year anniversary, the company uses history. The use of history can be a discursive act, which underlines continuity and in so doing, for example, the trustworthiness and stability of the firm.
    [Show full text]
  • Risk​ ​Analysis​ ​Of​ ​Nintendo​ ​Co.,​ ​Ltd
    Risk Analysis of Nintendo Co., Ltd ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Interactive Qualifying Project ​ ​ ​ ​ WPI Author: Matthew Rodricks ​ ​ ​ ​ 10/29/17 Advisor: Professor Dimitrios Koutmos ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Table of Contents ​ ​ ​ ​ Risk Analysis of Nintendo Co., Ltd 1 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Table of Contents 2 ​ ​ ​ ​ Abstract 3 Acknowledgements 4 1.1 Historical Background 5 ​ ​ ​ ​ 1.2 Investor Sentiment 8 ​ ​ ​ ​ 1.3 Market Strategy 9 ​ ​ ​ ​ 2.1 Evolution of the Industry 10 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 3. Methodological Framework 11 ​ ​ ​ ​ 3.1.1. Firm Specific Volatility 11 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 3.1.2. Market Volatility 12 ​ ​ ​ ​ 3.1.3. Sharpe Ratio 14 ​ ​ ​ ​ 3.1.4. Treynor Ratio 16 ​ ​ ​ ​ 4. Major Findings 18 ​ ​ ​ ​ 5. Conclusion 19 ​ ​ 6. References 20 ​ ​ 7. Appendix 21 ​ ​ 2 Abstract The purpose of this paper is to explore investor sentiment and investor risks for the Japanese ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ video game company, Nintendo. Being one of the largest, longest-lasting, and most successful companies ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ in the video game industry, the research into this topic proves to be both historical, topical, and relevant ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ from an industry and financial standpoint. ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ By observing historical financial data and running different analysis, this paper aims to find ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ correlations between different events in the company’s recent history, how investors react to said
    [Show full text]
  • Nintendo's Logo Evolution
    Nintendo’s logo Evolution Most of us know the Nintendo As time went on the brand brand due to its high fame from began to play around with what most Mario games like Mario could be done with the famous kart or even Super Mario Bros. Its word “Nintendo” the brand world wide spread of video games began to focus more on how and systems have given this brand could the word fit in well with a major spotlight in the game the new products being made. world. It would be quit impossible For instance, during the 1950s for anyone not to know what Nintendo introduced a logo that 1960s varations of hand written Nintendo is! After researching fit well with the brands product cursive style logos more about this famous brand of “western playing cards.” http://blog.beforemario. and its logo I found that not only That logo was called the “Ace of com/2012/03/nintendos-logo- was this brand created in 1889 Spades”logo. through-years.html but that the logo its self was changed more then 6 times in its As the mid 1960s approached journey to stardom. the logo took on a less detailed approach . It only focused on the word “Nintendo”. One of the first variations of the word was a hand written cursive style. You would find this logo on many of the brands playing cards. Distinctive features are a big curl starting the letter “Ace of Spades Logo”’ ‘N’ and a star as dot on the ‘i’ Voskuil http://blog.beforemario. Erick (http://blog.beforemario.
    [Show full text]
  • When Was the Nintendo Wii Released
    When Was The Nintendo Wii Released Fiberless Felice extravagates highly and sequentially, she save her navigability necks unsympathetically. Is Nealon vindictive when Barry unfreed contemptibly? Man-to-man and irreversible Obadiah rubberise her lobbyist unwrinkle while Leonardo cha-cha some ouabain slam-bang. New Wii Hardware Revision Drops GameCube Support. Mulana is going to a short supply of the snes used in my older sister, was when the nintendo wii. Caleb troughton licensed under travel rules, was when the nintendo wii released in the day one. Nintendo's Wii U off to sold-out start USA Today. Super Mario Odyssey was the trump-selling game save the Nintendo Switch with 907 million copies sold since earth was released in October. Been releasing their Just Dance games on the oven ever since. The Final Wii Game show Been Revealed Game Rant. Wii U Sell Prices What you mean expect to sell for mainland of 121620 Selling a Wii U Expect just get between 17 and 121 depending on model and condition. Nintendo Releases the Wii World of Project. It plays video games made rich the Nintendo Wii and the Nintendo GameCube The last paid to be released on the Wii was Just Dance 2020 which was. How much warmth I sell my Wii for 2020? Who still uses the Wii Quora. The sd card memory for the wii was released in rigidity movement in japan on the catacombs of. How weird would gamestop offer me however my Wii Nintendo Wii. How man do Pawn Shops Pay for Wii For exercise of 2020 the average Wii pawn value is 14 The maximum offer have on a Wii was 40.
    [Show full text]
  • Vintage Game Consoles: an INSIDE LOOK at APPLE, ATARI
    Vintage Game Consoles Bound to Create You are a creator. Whatever your form of expression — photography, filmmaking, animation, games, audio, media communication, web design, or theatre — you simply want to create without limitation. Bound by nothing except your own creativity and determination. Focal Press can help. For over 75 years Focal has published books that support your creative goals. Our founder, Andor Kraszna-Krausz, established Focal in 1938 so you could have access to leading-edge expert knowledge, techniques, and tools that allow you to create without constraint. We strive to create exceptional, engaging, and practical content that helps you master your passion. Focal Press and you. Bound to create. We’d love to hear how we’ve helped you create. Share your experience: www.focalpress.com/boundtocreate Vintage Game Consoles AN INSIDE LOOK AT APPLE, ATARI, COMMODORE, NINTENDO, AND THE GREATEST GAMING PLATFORMS OF ALL TIME Bill Loguidice and Matt Barton First published 2014 by Focal Press 70 Blanchard Road, Suite 402, Burlington, MA 01803 and by Focal Press 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN Focal Press is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business © 2014 Taylor & Francis The right of Bill Loguidice and Matt Barton to be identified as the authors of this work has been asserted by them in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers.
    [Show full text]
  • 240 CASE STUDY of NINTENDO AS TRADITIONAL COMPANY in JAPAN KHAIRI MOHAMED OMAR Applied Science University, Bahrain ABSTRACT
    Qualitative and Quantitative Research Review, Vol 3, Issue 1, 2018 ISSN No: 2462-1978 eISSNNo: 2462-2117 CASE STUDY OF NINTENDO AS TRADITIONAL COMPANY IN JAPAN KHAIRI MOHAMED OMAR Applied science University, Bahrain ABSTRACT Each nation has own corporate issues that relates to nation’s corporate style. According to research by OECD, Mexico is the highest rate of average working hours annually in the world (“Hour worked,” 2017). It is 2,255 hours per worker in annual. Since hour in a year is 8,760, people in Mexico are working about a fourth part of a year. Assuming that workers do not need to work on weekend, then hours in a year that workers need work should be around 6,240 hours that it flexibly changes by the year. People in Mexico are working at least 8 hours daily. Claire (2015) stated that long working hours will lead to inadequate sleeping hours, and it causes insufficient working performance in research. For Japan, Japanese corporate management is sometimes argued as an issue. For example, workers in Japan increase their salary based on their seniority. It is not sometimes considered their actual ability, instead of that; company more considers their career and experience. This kind of Japanese traditional working system more tends to be applied by old company in Japan. Since Nintendo has an old history, these management implications are more applicable. Therefore, this case will be about Japanese-traditional-style management strategy of Nintendo. NINTENDO BACKGROUND Nintendo is one of the market leaders in a gaming industry. In particular, it is known as gaming hardware manufacturing corporation.
    [Show full text]
  • BCC Slashes Lecturer, Part-Time Positions Part 1: Over 60 Lecturers Gone
    “Truth, No Matter The Cost” The Torch BERGEN COMMUNITY COLLEGE STUDENT NEWSPAPER IGNITING STUDENTS TO MAKE A DIFFERENCE VOLUME 24 . NO. 1 TORCHBCC.COM SEPTEMBER 2015 BCC Slashes Lecturer, Part-Time Positions Part 1: Over 60 Lecturers gone GABE WANISSIAN EDITOR-IN-CHIEF The 64 full-time lecturers and 150 part-time position cuts that occurred over the summer as cost cutting measures are signs of a “a reality we have to face,” said Bergen Community College spokesman Larry Hlavenka, Jr. “In these times, we have to work within the confines of a budget, we still have to ensure that we are not putting it on the backs of the students.” Nearly $934,000 will be saved from the lecturer cuts, and around $1,000,000 will be saved for the 150 part time positions that were either removed, or had their hours reduced, Hlavenka said. “This is impacting the students,” said Business Department Chair and head of ADCO (Academic Department Chairs Organization) Professor Robert Saldarini; three lecturers were let go, and 15 classes were canceled, reassigned or accommodated in his department. Not all courses that were dropped were due to the lecturer cuts, said Saldarini, as classes that do not meet a certain registration number may also be dropped. Saldarini said there had been word since March that lecturers may not be reappointed for the fall semester, in which ADCO filed a resolution to administration to Not-reappointed lecturer positions occurred about a month before the first day of class. mitigate the lecturer cuts around the end of the spring semester.
    [Show full text]
  • History of Nintendo – Comprehension
    The history of Nintendo – comprehension The history of Nintendo Nintendo is a Japanese company that has made video games and video game consoles since the 1970s. It was originally a company that made playing cards and then it started to make toys. Nintendo began making video games in the 1970s. In 1980, the company released a hand-held game device called ‘Game and Watch’. It was battery operated and not in colour but the games were very playable and fun. Nintendo's first video game console was the colour TV Game, Famicom, but the company really became successful with its second console, "Nintendo Entertainment System", or NES for short. Nintendo also released many popular video games like Donkey Kong, Super Mario Bros., Duck Hunt, and The Legend of Zelda. Later, the company made hand-held consoles such as the Game Boy and DS, and consoles such as Nintendo 64, GameCube, Wii, and WiiU. Nintendo’s newest release is the Nintendo Switch. It has a smart design and different functions but some fans have said the games and accessories are too expensive. The switch will compete with Sony’s PS4 virtual reality headset in a very crowded market. © www.teachitprimary.co.uk 2017 29783 Page 1 of 3 The history of Nintendo – comprehension Name: ............................................................... Date: .................................................................. Now answer the following questions about the text. 1. Where is Nintendo from? ...................................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • ©2015 George W. Boone
    ©2015 George W. Boone VIDEO GAME RHETORIC AND MATERIALIST CONTINGENCY: GENRE, CIRCULATION, AND NARRATIVE BY GEORGE W. BOONE DISSERTATION Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Communication in the Graduate College of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2015 Urbana, Illinois Doctoral Committee: Associate Professor Ned O'Gorman, Chair Associate Professor Cara A. Finnegan Professor Susan Davis Associate Professor Kevin Hamilton ABSTRACT As technology changes, people find new ways to entertain themselves, tell stories, and create imaginary worlds. This dissertation examines the development of Dragon Quest, a video game created for Nintendo’s Famicom game console. I argue Dragon Quest provides insights into the rhetorical techniques that comprise video game design. Attending to Dragon Quest as digital rhetoric highlights how rhetorical contingencies shape the invention of, engagement with, and circulation of video games. This rhetorical analysis analyzes technical documents, business contracts, and popular video game press to provide a historical understanding of the economic, social, and aesthetic exigencies that shaped Dragon Quest. In the first chapter, I trace the emergence of the role-playing game (RPG) in the United States, how it traveled to Japan, and the ways Dragon Quest utilized conventions of this genre. In the second chapter, I attend to the patterns of circulation that Dragon Quest traveled once it left Japan and Enix sold it to North Americans as Dragon Warrior. Chapter three looks at how Dragon Quest creates a linear narrative form through the management of game spaces. The dissertation concludes by arguing that rhetorical analysis of a video game as rhetorical history brings new understandings to how critics might engage the material and economic components of genre, circulation, and narrative.
    [Show full text]
  • University of Alberta Emerging Adults and the Domestication of Console
    University of Alberta Emerging adults and the domestication of console-based video games in the home by Joshua Noble A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies and Research in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Communication and Technology Faculty of Extension © Joshua Noble Spring 2014 Edmonton, Alberta Permission is hereby granted to the University of Alberta Libraries to reproduce single copies of this thesis and to lend or sell such copies for private, scholarly or scientific research purposes only. Where the thesis is converted to, or otherwise made available in digital form, the University of Alberta will advise potential users of the thesis of these terms. The author reserves all other publication and other rights in association with the copyright in the thesis and, except as herein before provided, neither the thesis nor any substantial portion thereof may be printed or otherwise reproduced in any material form whatsoever without the author’s prior written permission. DEDICATION Dedicated to my wonderful wife Vicki; thanks for sticking around while I wrote my Master’s thesis. Oh the streets of Grand Theft Auto San Andreas fill with smoke Doorbell rings I put my controller down and pick it up Shoot some things Later, the darkness hits reboot and the loneliness increases She said she'd come back home when I write my Master's thesis -When I write my Master’s Thesis, John K. Samson ABSTRACT Ten emerging adults were interviewed about their experiences of console-based video games in their domestic context. Emerging adults were chosen because they constitute the first generation of video game natives, the first generation to grow up with video games as a ubiquitous piece of Everyday Life.
    [Show full text]
  • Super Mario 64 Was Proclaimed by Many As "The Greatest Video Game
    The People Behind Mario: When Hiroshi Yamauchi, president of Nintendo Co., Ltd. (NCL), hired a young art student as an apprentice in 1980, he had no idea that he was changing video games forever. That young apprentice was none other than the highly revered Shigeru Miyamoto, the man behind Mario. Miyamoto provided the inspiration for each Mario game Nintendo produces, as he still does today, with the trite exception of the unrelated “Mario-based” games produced by other companies. Just between the years 1985 and 1991, Miyamoto produced eight Mario games that went on to collectively sell 70 million copies. By record industry standards, Miyamoto had gone 70 times platinum in a brief six years. When the Nintendo chairman Gunpei Yokoi was assigned to oversee Miyamoto when he was first hired, Yokoi complained that “he knows nothing about video games” (Game Over 106). It turned out that the young apprentice knew more about video games than Yokoi, or anyone else in the world, ever could. Miyamoto’s Nintendo group, “R&D4,” had the assignment to come up with “the most imaginative video games ever” (Game Over 49), and they did just that. No one disagrees when they hear that "Shigeru is to video gaming what John Lennon is to Music!" (www.nintendoland.com) As soon as Miyamoto and Mario entered the scene, America, Japan, and the rest of the world had become totally engrossed in “Mario Mania.” Before delving deeply into the character that made Nintendo a success, we must first take a look at Nintendo, and its leader, Hiroshi Yamauchi.
    [Show full text]
  • The History of Nintendo: the Company, Consoles and Games
    San Jose State University SJSU ScholarWorks ART 108: Introduction to Games Studies Art and Art History & Design Departments Fall 12-2020 The History of Nintendo: the Company, Consoles And Games Laurie Takeda San Jose State University Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.sjsu.edu/art108 Part of the Computer Sciences Commons, and the Game Design Commons Recommended Citation Laurie Takeda. "The History of Nintendo: the Company, Consoles And Games" ART 108: Introduction to Games Studies (2020). This Final Class Paper is brought to you for free and open access by the Art and Art History & Design Departments at SJSU ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in ART 108: Introduction to Games Studies by an authorized administrator of SJSU ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The history of Nintendo: the company, consoles and games Introduction A handful of the most popular video games from Mario to The Legend of Zelda, and video game consoles from the Nintendo Entertainment System to the Nintendo Switch, were all created and developed by the same company. That company is Nintendo. From its beginning, Nintendo was not a video gaming company. Since the company’s first launch of the Nintendo Entertainment System, or NES, to the present day of the latest release of the Nintendo Switch from 2017, they have sold over 5 billion video games and over 779 million hardware units globally, according to Nintendo UK (Nintendo UK). As Nintendo continues to release new video games and consoles, they have become one of the top gaming companies, competing alongside Sony and Microsoft.
    [Show full text]