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Fonología Histórica Del Otomí

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Fonología Histórica Del Otomí EL COLEGIO DE MÉXICO CENTRO DE ESTUDIOS LINGÜÍSTICOS Y LITERARIOS Fonología histórica del otomí Escritura alfabética y representación segmental, siglos XVI-XIX Tesis que para optar al grado de Doctor en Lingüística Presenta Alonso Guerrero Galván Asesores: Dr. Thomas Smith Stark (†) Dr. Pedro Martín Butragueño México, D. F. Noviembre de 2013 A todos mis muertos… A Thomas C. Smith Stark… A Enrique Guerrero Gómez… A la esperanza, que a la vida nos lanza, de vencer los rigores del destino, a la esperanza, nuestra dulce amiga, que las penas mitiga y convierte en vergel nuestro camino. 1 AGRADECIMIENTOS Agradezco infinitamente el apoyo recibido por las autoridades del Centro Estudios Lingüísticos y Literarios de El Colegio de México, Luz Elena Gutiérrez y Sergio Bogard; así como a Griselda Rayón. A mis maestros Ewald Hekking, Thomas C. Smith Stark, Pedro Martín Butragueño, Esther Herrera y Rebeca Barriga, que siempre estuvieron al pendiente de mis avances. También estoy en deuda con mis compañeros de trabajo del INAH y particularmente de la Dirección de Lingüística, en especial con Saúl Morales Lara, Michael Knapp, Alfredo Ramírez Celestino, Francisco Barriga y Rosa Brambila Paz, sin cuyos concejos era fácil perderse en la neblina de los tiempos. La presente investigación no hubiera sido posible sin el apoyo financiero del CONACyT, que me permitió realizar mis estudios de doctorado. Sin duda a quienes debo más es a mi familia, por estar siempre presentes, a mis padres Enrique Guerrero y Sylvia Galván, a mis hermanos Gaby, Enrique, Sylvia y Luis René, a mis sobrinos María Fernanda y Kike, a Alma Rosa y Martha Lorena, a mi tías Chilo e Ita, a todos mis primos y tíos Galván y Guerrero. A mi Patria, que son mis amigos, Armida, Leonor, Nadiezdha, Marce, El Gerad, El Bush, Didi, El Pollo, Julio, Mario, Pato, Sobrino, Vero, Rafa, Claudia, Denise, El Yuri, El Toño, El Kuri, El Barry, El Alcohol, El Rejas, Doña Amparo, Ramiro, Ceci, Laurita, Marcos, El Chino, El Rejitas, Jorge, El Waldo, El Aure, La Maestra Viky, Doña Victoria, La Huesos, Doña Felipa, Juanita, Angélica, Pancho, Maribel, Don Venus, Casto, La Juve, Doña Paula, El Venu, Diego, Javier, Juan, René, Marcos, Valentín, Consuelo, Lupis, Marichuy, Lety, Paty, Adriana, El Momo, La Lola y El Xuku. A todos ellos, y a los que me faltaron, gracias… 2 Índice general Índice de mapas, tablas y figuras. .......................................................................................................................... 6 Índice de siglas y abreviaturas ............................................................................................................................... 8 Presentación ........................................................................................................................................................ 11 Capitulo I ............................................................................................................................................................. 15 El estudio fonológico y filológico del otomí ....................................................................................................... 15 i.1 La filología indomexicana: fuentes otomíes ............................................................................................ 20 i.2 Modelo en tres etapas de la historia del otomí (1519-1850) .................................................................... 30 Capítulo II ............................................................................................................................................................ 37 Fuentes para un estudio fonológico y filológico del otomí.................................................................................. 37 ii.1 Las fuentes y su clasificación ................................................................................................................. 41 ii.2 Variables referenciales (origen institucional del documento) ................................................................ 46 ii.3 Origen étnico del autor (endógeno o exógeno) ...................................................................................... 48 ii.4 Las fuentes otomíes ................................................................................................................................ 50 II.4.1 Registros prehispánicos: fuentes endógenas .................................................................................... 50 II.4.2 Fuentes civiles: endógenas y exógenas ........................................................................................... 56 II.4.3 Fuentes eclesiásticas: exógenas ....................................................................................................... 59 ii.5 Los documentos de la muestra ............................................................................................................... 61 II.5.1 Coloquios de Juan de Gaona (ca. 1540-1600) ................................................................................. 63 II.5.2 Doctrina cristiana de Melchor de Vargas (1576) ............................................................................. 65 II.5.3 El Arte de Pedro de Cárceres (ca. 1580) ......................................................................................... 67 II.5.4 Arte y diccionario trilingüe de Alonso Urbano (ca. 1605) .............................................................. 69 II.5.5 El Códice de Huichapan (ca. 1632) ................................................................................................. 71 II.5.6 Diccionario otomí adjudicado a Horacio Carochi (1640) ................................................................ 72 II.5.7 Códice Martín del Toro (1650-1696)............................................................................................... 74 II.5.8 Cartilla testeriana (1650-1699) ........................................................................................................ 75 II.5.9 La Ortografía de Luis de Neve y Molina (1767) ............................................................................. 77 II.5.10 Luces del otomí editado por Eustaquio Buelna ([ca. 1770] 1893) ................................................. 78 II.5.11 Examen crítico (ca. 1770).............................................................................................................. 80 II.5.12 Breve compendio de Antonio de Guadalupe Ramírez (1785) ....................................................... 81 II.5.13 Catecismo de Joaquín López Yepes (1826) ................................................................................... 83 II.5.14 Disertación de Manuel Crisóstomo Nájera (1834-1845) ............................................................... 84 Capítulo III ........................................................................................................................................................... 86 Historia de las comunidades de lengua otomí ..................................................................................................... 86 III. 1 Correlaciones históricas del proto-otomí (Etapa 0) ............................................................................. 86 III. 1.1 Otomangues y otopames ............................................................................................................... 87 III. 1.2 Otomianos (proto-otomí) ............................................................................................................... 92 III. 1.3 Otomíes ......................................................................................................................................... 94 iii.2 El inicio del contacto con el español (etapa i: 1519-1538) .................................................................. 100 III.2.1 Los sistemas ortográficos del otomí ............................................................................................. 102 III.2.2 El estudio clásico de los sistemas fonológicos ............................................................................. 106 iii.3 El otomí clásico (etapa ii: 1538-1650) ................................................................................................ 113 III.3.1 La escritura franciscana del otomí (etapa II) ................................................................................. 116 III.3.2 Los escritos agustinos de la etapa II ............................................................................................. 124 III.3.3 Los documentos civiles de la etapa II ........................................................................................... 128 III.3.4 Los registros Jesuitas (E-II) ........................................................................................................... 130 III.3.5 Correlaciones históricas del otomí clásico .................................................................................... 133 iii.4 Tipografía y fonología del otomí (etapa iii: 1650-1850) ..................................................................... 141 III.4.1 La nueva ortografía otomí (E-III) .................................................................................................. 146 III.4.2 La ortografía secular (E-III) ........................................................................................................... 149 III.4.3 La ortografía tipográfica de los Franciscanos (E-III)..................................................................... 152 Capítulo IV ........................................................................................................................................................
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