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SIXTEENTH- CENTURY MEXICO the Work of Sahagdn

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SIXTEENTH- CENTURY MEXICO the Work of Sahagdn SIXTEENTH- CENTURY MEXICO The Work of Sahagdn EDITED BY MUNRO S. EDMONSON A SCHOOL OF AMERICAN RESEARCH BOOK UNIVERSITY OF NEW MEXICO PRESS . Albuquerque To ELtha.inged `I\ unor Howard ful pTes 3n:t9e7d4sbt#e¥eo:C#r:cfa+r,:rrfac;no?e€eoa#:s?Lt:;t8at:Sgr8Saer¥efoM7a4n_u8f:;t4u]T.e€n]tnertnhae. tional Standard Book Number c+8263co3 3 5-8. First Edition 1`§_-;a i 5E5===i FOREWORD : able to interpret and expand on ds General History of the Things lhuatl, the Aztec language, and in the School of American Research /orked with the translators and in- I. 0. Anderson and Charles Dibble, Contents ies of Sahag`'in's General History. It ie school, as part of its Advanced bring together, under the astute . a group of scholars conversant with e purpose of the seminar was to take oth Sahagi'in and the Aztec of the )e published in Spanish by the lnsti- the Universidad Nacional Aut6noma Foreword ry perspective for scholars and indi- DOUGLAS W. SCHWARTZ, GENERAL EDITOR istoric power of Central Mexico, the 1 Introduction neral culture of the Aztec, and the MUNRO S. EDhloNSON rs ago, made it possible for them to Early Work ( 1529-47) The Tlaltelo]co Drafts ( I 547-62 ) Douglas W. Schwartz #:#:feri€i:e°g]::Sex(1(5]6527-57_58)5) Last Years ( 1585ngo) Sahagi'in's Mexico 2 Sahagi'`n in HisTimes ARTHUR I. 0. ANDERSON 3 aTnhde 8:1::e°£T;:rha;rc}, ¥°sr:ia°gfL,£ndr€S de Olmos, Precursor S. JEFFREY K. WILKERSON Codex Tudela "European" Figures The Eighteen-Month Calendar Daily Ritual Life The Tonalamatl and Divination Relationship with Contemporaneous Manuscripts and Authorship Relationship with Subsequent Manuscripts Implications CONTENTS -=T=-L~ -1klriT-dFriT ED 4 E:,e,e¥eedtobr;csla3ar:;linons' or Huehttetzatozz,', TkR_OftLEG[riEs]c= THELMA D. SULLIVAN -hatFDf- Err+ES BII:EiijI Prayers to the Gods Court Orations S=alC- Orations of Parents to Offspring -forthe Orations of the Merchants TLe F± Rcsm o Orations Relative to the Life Cycle "rck Th RCHgiv Pregnancy Childbirth +.ireEEFEEE .thintorio" Infancy and Childhood Marriage CLudnsin Death Miscellaneous € "SalEginTedsasa I-.±D i CIIL>iH 5ELL`F:R§De::S:tr:::nE;fi;rt::s::N°fFra`BernardlnodesahagtzTn EFEk¥j=h.Tz cndtrdus Introduction i:I:i:;::;:%rtphoos:s Salgiv`s ``rc.I± and the }1 The General Plan of the Work ±forStud`` Sa#rgst;in;So8kuestlonnaires |EFlzm ldpE iusTI`- IDndoctfon Second Book Strapintheinboratio Third Book ±andTheirF Fourth Book On }Ididics Fifth Book Ch de Pds of the I Sixth Book Th hfo-tion on Seventh Book The PonTbflities for Sti Eighth Book Ninth Book EEun_peni#u€ Tenth Book _\|diditT Eleventh Book EfokE Twelfth Book ID"rs Conclusion 6 The Treatment of Architecture in the Florentine iHri.ro¥,a Codex of Sahagi'm DONALD ROBERTSON 11 hahmtfation of I-.IT :F= i I)lRZI[= E::?vpeei:cA::ehcl:le,::ure Xll CONTENTS Contents 7 The Last Years of Fray Bemardino de Sahagl'ln ( 1585-9o) : huetwofli, The Rescue of the Confiscated Work and the Seraphic Conflicts. New Unpublished Documents. 165 GEORGES BAUDOT Sahagi'in and Commissary Fray Alonso Ponce. New 'nng Th?°faur?::intRefs°cruteh:fpte:I:°dc:ig%£t7c.dEthnographic Work. The Religious Subjects Chosen in 1585 and e Cycle Their Meaning. "Calendario Mexicano, Latino y Castellano" "Arte Adivinatorio" Conclusion 8 The Sahagi'`n Texts as a Source of Sociological Information 189 EDWARD E. CALNEK Bemardino de Sahagi'in : Kinship through Tjdcamecayofz 195 The Pi% "Class" ZOO Conclusions 204 9 Sahagdn's work and the Medicine of the Ancient Nahuas: Vork Possibilities for Stud}/' AI.FREDO L6PEZ AUSTIN Introduction Steps in the Elaboration of the Texts Illnesses and Their Remedies On Medicines On the Parts of the Human Body The Information on Medicinal Species in Book il The Possibilities for Stud}J of the Texts The European Influence The Human Bodv Morbidity Etiology Illness Therapeutics Pharmacology Conclusion e in the Florentine io The Nahuatlization of Christianity CHARLES E. DIBBLE CONTENTS _iz- ii The problematics of sahagi'm: Tlife Certain Topics Needing Investigation 235 MICUEL LE6N-PORTILLA i HLEF±of 240 i -i±-iinof(he i F¥ieillm±h Ghadr :i;:;dEiij:i:i#::i,:nti,ih;:8ii:fli;;p;.iii:;.s:o:;ti:;a`t:E:e:,a±p;:::iii;i::n: + ±alRnginrs }Ien 5. C=± of wHistDria Elaboration i ±alRegir_`(en The Role of the Native Informants and Fray EE± Of the o Bernardino's Other Native Collaborators C- Sa- The Origins and Categories to which the Native Texts aL Tininc Identification o Collected by the Franciscan Can Be Attributed + Hxpbtheou Sahagtin's Intention in Writing the General in.story of -Ontinus fJle TJlings of New Spaz.ri in Spanish and Its Rela- c=i=E]us of parents to o tion to the Information Collected in Nahuatl 248 - of the _\Ielchan Thfispfro°;]eDmesr;:fe:hferosnp]a:]'TsehTEod]]ot::nfu::I:,¥:r,g:noerraz - Rdathre to the 249 }E±us chatious from Copies of It Jhi Kinchfy Tcus Ci Qiiset]i::ng]°a:]Coe:n:T8t[:te]eNFa°hrun::]ATde°xE:e8oti:ept:tdei? RE1O Fray Bernardino into European Languages References Index Phs -L€pagelii I S± on Xdrhipilli Cod{ i Bc± Of chaptff 8, EEL Rchte IIistorr, Par Figures .± de Olmos, ".ire d g SL )€IunE, from viEEze pde 1. Regions Mentioned in the codex Tudela + scaEs in cold `vOIIin 2. Towns Mentioned in the codex Tudela 5. Scme ha Gchl ``'-ollrfu 3. General Relationships of the Codex Tudela TdzHis and Ban Cburt, I 4. Kinship Terms Embodied in "camecayotj BErikhigs in HcratiouL H 5. Process of Elaboration of the Principal Texts of Sahagi'm on TapELe and Pgivd, Flo Medicine Sirfe on a THc Fkro£ I XIV Tit(;i;pps?::if€--. EDWARD E. CALNEK given in Book 8 of the Sahagdn of this information as representing mmic process of historical change. 9 chption of the imperial court and Sahagtin's Work and the Medicine of the ;ood deal more illuminating when I description of the Pi.Zzf class as a Ancient Nahuas: Possibilities for Study ALFREDO L6PEZ AUSTIN this paper, it must be emphasized U niversidad Nacional ration of inestimable value, provid- Aut6noma de M6xico close attention to contextual back- Hed from other sources, and within nchronic frame of reference. They ±al structure at a particular point pcrclass point of view. Social insti- }tably those which relate to the sit- e sometimes represented only in 5 have almost certainly been com- lefinitions and descriptive material r texts and appears to be inherent ped by Sahagtin himself.-Further I organization, therefore, requires with emphasis on techniques for positive content, and an explicit INTRODUCTION tues. Sahagdnwasaboveallanevangelist,dedicatinghislifetotheconver- sion of infidels. But in the prologue of his History, where he explains his purpose in preparing this work, he compares his endeavor with that of a doctor. His work shows a consistent preoccupation with the health of the body along with that of the soul. Sahagtin elaborated no other subject so thoroughly in his Gerzeraz History; the only informants whose names he mentioned were the doc- tors, whose names appeared in two extensive lists. He acknowledged that the experienced doctors ``cured publicly," contrary to the opinion of 205 ALFREDO LOPEZ AUSTIN The Medicine of the Ancient N\ other reliable authors, among them Francisco Hernandez (1959-67), who explicitly disdained the knowledge of the native specialists. STEPS IN THE ELA. In the valuable material concerning medicine in the Gerzera! Hisfo7y, we can distinguish the information arising spontaneously from answers Illnesses and Their PLemed the Franciscan obtained while asking about other subjects. Among these spontaneous data are references to the gods who protect medical practices Sahagdn's inquiry into illnesses and to the causes of different illnesses and misfortunes; to the transgres- Tepepulco documents are two bric sions causing the acquisition of certain ills; to therapeutic methods and of our body,I," (Figure 5A) and 1 rituals; to the classification of illnesses like gout, numbness, or sluggish- corresponding respectively to Foli{ ness among the "cold" diseases and to the promises made to the gods of titled "On the Divers Illnesses The the wind, water, and mountains in order to be cured of them; to the ten in a clear and uniform handr actions of the gods visited upon those who drank pulque before the gen- list of illnesses in which we can d eral offering, and the effects of these actions, such as paralysis of the face the part of either Sahagtin or the or of a limb and trembling of the face; to the preventive measures against not correspond to the Franciscan'! the penetration of worms into the eyes; to the participation in social and yob:ualehecatl , necihuaquetediztli, religious life of the specialists in the art of curing or of bringing children low) . After the name of the illness I into the world; to the magical measures taken to make children grow; to or an indication (in six of the fift}'- those sick from particular diseases who died and were offered to the gods; information consists of brief accoi to the activities of the experts on the calendar of destinies who indicated medicines, the part of the plant ne the gods to whom the offerings of rjtua: paper should be directed; to the in which the prescription belongs t amulets that should be hung around the necks and wrists of children; to of whether the product is native to 1 where or comes from a specific pla( good and bad days for health; to the animals that were agents of the gods and announced disaster and death; to the consequences of minor trans- the cases there is mention of its prc The second text is very different; gressions like licking the grindstone or eating tamales that were stuck to the pot; to the supreme will of Titlacahuan as dispenser of fortune and is messy, with many blotches.
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