Indonesia's Forests 2018
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Ministry of Environment and Forestry Republic of Indonesia The STaTe of IndoneSIa’S foreSTS 2018 The STaTe of IndoneSIa’S foreSTS 2018 ©2018 Ministry of Environment and Forestry, Republic of Indonesia PublIshEd by: Ministry of Environment and Forestry, Republic of Indonesia The contents and materials in this book may be reproduced and disseminated in a manner that does not change the intended meaning of the contents. Permission to quote material from this book is granted if full attribution is provided. IsbN: 978-602-8358-82-8 EdItoR IN ChIEF: Siti Nurbaya MaNagINg EdItoR: Efransjah sENIoR EdItoR: San A. Awang WRItINg tEaM: Ruandha Agung, Yuyu Rahayu, Triyono Saputro, Roosi Tjandrakirana, Dhany Ramdhany, Mursid Wibawa, Tenang C.R. Silitonga, Adnin Damarraya, Emma Y. Wulandari, Belinda A. Margono, Hany Setyawan, Sofyan, Sumantri, Untung Suprapto, Eva Famurianty, Nur I. Siswanto, Dinik Indrihastuti, Sigit Reliantoro, SPM Budisusanti, Tulus Laksono, Aep Purnama, Muhammad Askary, Tantri Endarini, Hanum Sakina, Apik Karyana, Erna Rosdiana, Catur E. Prasetiani, Nur Dwiyati, Agus Sugiarto, Syafda Ruswandi, Rosalina, Mela Herlina, Faith A. Masud, Yuli Prasetyo Nugroho, Agung Pambudi, Nelson P.N. Siahaan, Nandang Prihadi, Tri C. Nugraha, Agung Nugroho, Ihwan, Bisro Sya’bani, Adhi N. Hadi, Bambang Suriyono, Kasuma Yotrin, Sakti Hadengganan, Drasospolino, Sigit Sarjuningtiyas, Mariana Lubis, Teguh Widodo, I Ketut Gede Suartana, Khairi Wenda, Nina M. Korompis, Plaghelmo Seran, Komarudin, Hasanuddin, Yoga Prayoga, Selli F.Y. Wardani, Fitri Y. Amandita, Tri H. Irawan, Noni E. Rahayu, Rus S.I. Putri, Santi Octavianti, Agung R.T. Hidayatulloh, Damayanti Ratunanda, Lutfah, Lilit Siswanty, Rudianto S. Napitu, Dimas Y. Baskara, Dita A.M. Sari, Tri A. Wibisono, Eko H. Kuncoro, Ina Minangsari, Salis Z. Ulya, Chollis Munajad, Raditya A. Haris, Teguh Rahardja, Lenny J. Sari, Tina Artini, Sumidi, Dedy Lukmansjah, Siswati Adnan, Sudarmanto, Yulfkar T. Zain, Bagus Martiandi, Muhammad Zahrul Muttaqin. CoNtRIbutoRs: Bambang Hendroyono, Sigit Hardwinarto, Bambang Supriyanto, Wiratno, Agus Justianto, Hilman Nugroho, I.B. Putera Parthama, M.R. Karliansyah, Rasio R. Sani, Mahfudz, Suhaeri, Sri Murniningtyas, Mark Smulders, Stephen Rudgard. FaCIlItatoRs: Erwinsyah, Ellyn K. Damayanti, Fidelis E. Satriastanti, Yurdi Yasmi, Ageng Heriyanto, David W. Brown, Harriansyah, Rifky Fadzri. straight and big standing tree at Pt gunung Meranti, Central Kalimantan Province. loCatIoN Central Kalimantan Province Photo by Rina Tektonia Ministry of Environment and Forestry Republic of Indonesia The STaTe of IndoneSIa’S foreSTS 2018 With support from: Jakarta, July 2018 i The State of Indonesia’s Forests 2018 Executive Summary Table of Contents Table of Contents i Acknowledgements xi List of Tables iv Abbreviations and Acronyms xii List of Figures vi Glossary xix List of Appendices viii Executive Summary xxiii Preface ix CHAPTER 1 2.3.5 Protection forests, natural Introduction 1 resource and ecosystem conservation 17 2.3.6 Sustainable production CHAPTER 2 forest and the economic An Overview of Indonesia’s contribution of forestry 18 Forest Area 7 2.1 Forest Land Status 7 CHAPTER 3 2.2 Biodiversity potential 11 Addressing the Causes of 2.3 Forestry and the Management of Deforestation and Forest Forests in Indonesia 13 Degradation 21 2.3.1 Governance of forest areas 13 3.1 Causes of Deforestation and Forest Degradation 21 2.3.2 The forestry sector’s role in climate change adaptation and 3.2 Monitoring Forest Resources 23 mitigation 14 3.3 Progress in Thematic Geospatial 2.3.3 Management of the peat Information 30 ecosystem 15 3.4 Legal Certainty in the 2.3.4 The role of the state, Management of the Forest Area 32 community participation and the achievement of economic 3.4.1 Moratorium policy on the autonomy 16 utilization of primary natural forests and peatlands 33 The State of Indonesia’s Forests 2018 ii Executive Summary 3.4.2 The provision of land for 3.8.2 Forest restoration in forest communities and non-forestry concession area 78 sectors 33 3.8.3 Ecosystem restoration in 3.4.3 Law enforcement 39 Conservation Area 79 3.4.4 Land use conficts 44 3.5 Forest and Land Fire CHAPTER 4 Management 47 Involvement of Communities in Forest Management 83 3.5.1 Changes to forest and land fre management approaches 51 4.1 Provision of Access to Communities through Social 3.5.2 The focus of forest and land Forestry 83 fre control 57 4.2 Recognition of Adat Forest 90 3.6 Climate Change 57 4.3 Protection Forest Management 3.6.1 The Nationally Determined with the Participation of Contribution (NDC) of the forestry Communities 94 sector 58 3.6.2 REDD+: a strategy to achieve the NDC target from the forestry CHAPTER 5 sector 60 A New Paradigm for 3.6.2.1 REDD+ Funding Conservation Area Instruments 64 Management 99 3.6.3 Emissions from the forestry 5.1 Resort-based Management of sector and peatlands 65 Conservation Areas 100 3.7 The Management of Peat 5.2 The Management of Plants and Ecosystems 67 Wildlife 101 3.7.1 Policy framework for the 5.3 Community-Based Management management of peat ecosystems 67 of Conservation Areas 105 3.7.2 Inventory of peat ecosystems 68 5.4 The Use of Traditional Zones in Partnership with Communities 106 3.7.3 The rehabilitation of peat ecosystems 70 5.5 International Commitments to the Conservation of Biodiversity 107 3.8 Restoration of Forest Landscapes 75 3.8.1 Forest and land rehabilitation in watershed areas 76 iii The State of Indonesia’s Forests 2018 Executive Summary CHAPTER 6 CHAPTER 7 National Economic Concluding Note 137 Contribution and the Private Sector 113 6.1 Portrait of Production Forest Bibliography 140 Management 113 6.2 The Contribution of Forest Resource to National Revenue 118 149 Appendices TABLE OF CONTENTS 6.2.1 Contribution of timber and non-timber forest products 118 6.2.2 Non-Tax State Revenue from Timber, NTFP, and forest area utilization 122 6.2.3 Contribution of conservation areas to national revenue 123 6.3 Forest and Forest Products Certifcation 126 6.3.1 Forest law Enforcement, Governance and Trade licensing in Indonesia: “From stigma to appreciation” 126 6.3.2 Certifcation of sustainable forest management and timber legality 127 6.4 Changing Orientation from Timber to Forest Management 129 The State of Indonesia’s Forests 2018 iv Executive Summary List of Tables Table 2.1 11 Table 3.9 66 Extent of land cover types in Forest GHG emission inventory from the L Area and non-Forest Area in Indonesia forestry sector and its contribution to IST (2017) the NDC (2010 to 2015) OF Table 3.1 30 Table 3.10 71 T ABLES Breakdown of Indonesia’s Net Damage of Peat Ecosystems by Island Deforestation (2016-2017) Table 3.11 72 Table 3.2 40 Restoration of Peat Ecosystems Number and results of operations to in Industrial Timber and Oil Palm secure forest products in 2015-2017 Plantations Table 3.3 40 Table 3.12 73 Implementation of Administrative Number and Extent of IUPHHK HT Sanctions in the Period 2015-2017 Concessions in Hydrological Peat Areas Table 3.4 41 Table 3.13 77 Administrative Sanctions Applied in Rehabilitation of Forest and Land in 34 Cases Related to Forest and land fres Watersheds in 2015 – 2017 (2015-2017) Table 3.14 77 Table 3.5 42 Post-Disaster Forest and Land Cases Progressed to the Trial Stage Rehabilitation Activities in 2017 Table 3.6 43 Table 3.15 78 Results of Civil Law-Enforcement Hectares planted in trees in production Forest Areas (2015 to 2017) Table 3.7 61 Table 3.16 80 Indonesia’s progress towards the implementation of REDD+ Partnerships in Ecosystem Restoration in Conservation Areas Table 3.8 63 Table 4.1 92 Reductions in emissions (tCO2e) from deforestation and forest degradation Adat Forests formally stipulated, or in from 2013 to 2017 the stipulation process, as of June 2018 v Table 5.1 102 List of 25 endangered wildlife species prioritized for conservation Table 5.2 107 TABLES Cooperative Arrangements (PKS) in OF Traditional Zones of National Parks IST L Table 6.1 115 Facilitation provided to MSMEs to implement SVLK Table 6.2 117 Forest Partnership MoUs between communities and HTI as of the end of 2017 Table 6.3 125 Targeted and realized ecosystem services utilization licenses in conservation areas (2013 - 2017) Table 6.4 129 Facilitation provided to MSMEs to implement SVLK List of Figures Figure 2.1 7 Figure 3.10 47 Percentages of areas allocated to Reductions in forest and land fres L various land uses in the Forest Land from 2015 to 2017 IST and to Marine Conservation Figure 3.11 49 OF Figure 3.1 25 FIGURES Number of monthly hotspots from Land Cover Map 2017 2015 to 2017 based on the NOAA Satellite data Figure 3.2 29 Figure 3.12 50 Indonesian Deforestation Trends, 1990-2017 Number of monthly hotspots from 2015 to 2017 based on Terra Aqua Figure 3.3 31 Satellite data Targets and achievements of the Figure 3.13 53 One Map Policy implementation, as of 2017 Integrated Patrols to Control Forest and land fres in 2017 Figure 3.4 34 Figure 3.14 62 Utilization of Forest Areas by Communities Prior to 2015 and Annual and average annual Targets for the Future historical emissions from deforestation forest degradation Figure 3.5 35 and associated peat decomposition Land Allocated for Agrarian Reform in Mt CO2 (in Indonesia from1990 to 2012) Figure 3.6 36 Figure 3.15 65 Identifcation of types of land set aside for the TORA program and National emissions from the their indicative size Forestry Sector and from Peatlands (2000 to 2016) Figure 3.7 37 Figure 3.16 66 Targets and achievements of the TORA program in Forest Areas