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Redalyc.DOCUMENTOS DE LA GENEALOGÍA Y LA VIDA DE ALSATE, JEFE DE LOS APACHES DE LOS CHISOS Relaciones. Estudios de historia y sociedad ISSN: 0185-3929 [email protected] El Colegio de Michoacán, A.C México López Elizondo, Luis; Daugherty, Franklin W. DOCUMENTOS DE LA GENEALOGÍA Y LA VIDA DE ALSATE, JEFE DE LOS APACHES DE LOS CHISOS Relaciones. Estudios de historia y sociedad, vol. XXIII, núm. 92, otoño, 2002 El Colegio de Michoacán, A.C Zamora, México Disponible en: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=13709207 Cómo citar el artículo Número completo Sistema de Información Científica Más información del artículo Red de Revistas Científicas de América Latina, el Caribe, España y Portugal Página de la revista en redalyc.org Proyecto académico sin fines de lucro, desarrollado bajo la iniciativa de acceso abierto RELACIONES 92, OTOÑO 2002, VOL. XXIII DOCU M ENTO había acontecido durante su vida y del folklore y sucesos de tiempos había acontecido durante su vida y del folklore de todo lo que en ambos lados de la frontera, miento de toda la región el fin de los cuarenta del siglo el fin de los cuarenta el azote del Big Bend y norte de México desde Alsate y su gente fueron W cuantos kilómetros de Lajitas, Texas. cuantos kilómetros de San Carlos, Chihuahua, a unos ján, un anciano mexicano procedente fue Natividad Lu- 1901 y 1902. Uno de sus ayudantes en este proyecto en quien midió los lotes G-4 y G-12 en el Condado de Brewster vard, de Williams. parte del libro Alsate publicado después de 1919 se deriva en gran a todo lo referente ya citado de Carlysle Graham Raht. Prácticamente cluidas en el libro están in- algunas de las historias Williams Myers en 1968. También, editado y anotado por S. D. toria y otras han sido incluidas en un libro JEFE DE LOS APACHESDOCUMENTOS DE DE LOS LA CHISOS GENEALOGÍA Y LA VIDA DE ALSATE 1919, s/f. su morada era la Sierra de los Chisos. de apaches, llamados algunas veces apaches los Chisos porque grupo Alsate como el jefe de un puede identificar a de esta región, el folklore Alsate.del Espíritu de Cualquier persona familiarizada con la historia y Alsate y Luces Alsate, Cueva de Alsate, Cara de Alsate, Formación de Arroyo Alsate, de Charco o lugares: Alsate, que se aplica a seis nombres sa, Texas, Rathbooks Company, [1919] 1963, 273. Rathbooks Company, sa, Texas, illiams de Fort Stockton titulado El nombre de Alsate apareció por primera vez en un folleto de O. W. Alsate apareció de El nombre W 3 2 1 Carlysle Graham Raht, W W P illiams fue un ingeniero civil graduado de la universidad Har- illiams fue un ingeniero illiams, folleto que contiene 8 páginas escrito antes de 1914 e impreso después de illiams, folleto que contiene 8 páginas escrito antes de 1914 e impreso illiams, folleto que contiene 28 páginas escrito antes de 1919, s/f. historia o leyenda. Una de las más interesantes es la de historia o leyenda. Una de las más interesantes hay alguna Big Bend del río Grande (estado de Texas) del de algún lugar en la región Detrás de cada nombre RESENTACIÓN The Romance of Davis Mountains and Big Bend Country XIX 137 hasta aproximadamente 1882. hasta aproximadamente Alsate-El último de los chisos 3 1 De acuerdo con muchas historias, De acuerdo Luján tenía un profundo conoci- Luján tenía un profundo . 2 Esta his- , , Odes- de un grupo de apaches. de un grupo Alsate se convirtió en jefe y astucia en la guerra, su hombría, intrepidez Alsate. Cuando llegó a la mayoría de edad y demostró a y procrearon se casó con una apache adoptado por la tribu y criado como miembro; 1739 por el capitán Miguel de la Garza Falcón. Múzquiz fue fue Santa Rosa María del Sacramento, fundado en del presidio rrecto presidio de Santa Rosa, hoy Melchor Múzquiz, Coahuila. presidio cuando muy niño en el quien fue capturado por los apaches mescaleros Carlos. a hacer compras o ventas en San a menudo regresaban pero Big Bend, De vez en cuando vivían otras ranc con la gente de esa villa. Carlos, y los apaches tenían buenas relaciones de San Alsate cuando eran niños cerca cuchaba. Luján conoció y jugó con escribía lo que es- con sus historias. Williams a los ahí presentes creaba del fuego, Luján contaba y re- pasados. Durante las noches y alrededor 1848, y compró terrenos adyacentes al río. Enormes ruinas de antiguas 1848, y compró terrenos kilómetros de alrededor Leaton llegó a esta región Texas. de Presidio, Ben Leaton. Estaba situado en el lado tejano a orillas del río Bravo, ocho del Big Bend pertenecía a un norteamericano llamado los alrededores los apaches no se quedaban muy atrás en estas andanzas. México; pero las de los comanches, que se aventuraban hasta fueron jor organizadas Las incursiones me- desprevenidos. dos, lo mismo que a atacar viajeros en ranchos y pequeños poblados aisla- dicando a incursionar y robar de- pasando los años se fueron como fueron las estaciones del año, pero con y cambiaban sus rancherías de acuerdo plantas y frutos y a recoger de Chihuahua. y el desierto del noroeste Chisos y Davis en Texas, eran la Sierra del Carmen y de Santa Rosa en Coahuila, las los favoritos sus viviendas. Sus lugares para comer como construir ciones del año, disponibilidad de animales caza y plantas tanto Según los relatos de Luján. Alsate fue el hijo de Miguel Múzquiz, de Luján. Según los relatos 5 4 indígenas en Uno de los establecimientos que traficaba con grupos Antiguamente estos indios se dedicaban principalmente a la cacería La ubicación de las rancherías estos apaches dependía esta- ibid W illiams 1968, 258. ., 257. 5 DOCUMENTO 138 herías en México o en la región del herías en México o la región 4 El nombre co- El nombre ataque. También se dice que había un cañón siempre listo. se dice que había un cañón siempre ataque. También de cualquier que se usaban para divisar al enemigo y protegerse radores en cada esquina, con mi- corrales para ganado, lo mismo que torreones de esta muralla había suficientes cual fue llamada Fort Leaton. Dentro re una casa tipo hacienda que contaba con cua- creando a las viejas ruinas, cuartos Leaton hizo uso de ellas inmediatamente. Reconstruyó y agregó de adobe, conocidas como El Fortín, se encontraban ahí, y estructuras Alsate con el abrigo puesto al Presidio del Norte, fue arrestado e iba a del Norte, fue arrestado Alsate con el abrigo puesto al Presidio como muestra de amistad. Cuando llegó así que éste se lo regaló Burgess, Alsate admiraba el abrigo de en una tregua. resultó Alsate y Burgess tre aunque iban bien armados en caso de un ataque, una charla en- y, charco en el a Burgess del Norte. Los indios cercaron con destino al Presidio sal quien acarreaba John D. Burgess, y su gente el convoy del carretero to la amenaza india, cual no disminuyó hasta diez años después. de estos fuertes durante la guerra civil aumen- los comanches. El cierre de las incursiones los apaches y a la región pal función era proteger sultó en la apertura de los fuertes Davis y Stockton 1854, cuya princi- en los ataques de indios re- del Big Bend. El incremento alrededores indias, atrajo la atención de varias tribus que vivían en los guas veredas mentos por los caminos que venían de Chihuahua, lo mismo anti- tipo de municiones. de armas, pólvora y otro proveía de los indios, que este individuo recibía a cambio de objetos robados pas norteamericanas en el Paso del Norte, hoy El Paso, avisándole que Horn, comandante de las tro- Van envió la carta al mayor Jefferson berg Lang- tenía un tratado con los apaches a pesar que le estaba prohibido. Leaton de cometer miles abusos naturaleza tan dañina, que hasta r al co- Angel Trías, Una carta del gobernador de Chihuahua, la frontera. Press, 1985, 50. Press, onel Emilio Langberg, inspector de las Colonias Militares, acusaba a inspector de las Colonias Militares, onel Emilio Langberg, nta cuartos. Construyó una enorme muralla alrededor de esta obra, la una enorme muralla alrededor nta cuartos. Construyó 7 6 Alsate entre de un encuentro Alsate proviene de Charco El nombre Al pasar el tiempo, aumento en tráfico de inmigrantes y carga- se hizo famosa en ambos lados de La fortaleza de Ben Leaton pronto Ibid. Cecilia Thompson, , 54. LA GENEALOGÍA Y VIDA DE ALSATE History of Marfa and Presidio County, 1553-1946, County, History of Marfa and Presidio 139 7 6 Austin, Nortex cos en regiones muy distantes o en el estado vecino de Coahuila. cos en regiones pacíficos, los cuales cometían sus atra- indígenas aparentemente grupos algún tiempo, el gobierno del estado de Chihuahua daba raciones a los ría del Sacramento en 1739, una de las familias más prominentes de esta ría del Sacramento en 1739, una de las familias más prominentes Afortunadamente llegó Burgess y confirmó que él se lo había regalado. Afortunadamente llegó Burgess ser fusilado debido a que todo mundo sabía pertenecía Burgess. viejo y ciego. de San Carlos, nía su ranchería cerca Alsate, que te- Ortiz. al mando del coronel y encontrarse con las tropas de llevar una fuerza 100 soldados a San Carlos órdenes Rosa recibió José Garza Galán de Santa El coronel Alsate y su grupo. la captura de Porfirio Díaz ordenó que el presidente en contra de los “indios bárbaros”, de los estados Chihuahua y Coahuila de México y los gobernadores re Amexicanos como por los norteamericanos. cambio de esto, los indios Por esa razón era perseguido tanto por los militares derlos en el otro. ganado en los ranchos y caminos de un lado, luego esconderse ven- y mercancías de México y Estados Unidos para robar línea fronteriza la aprovechaba como también lo hacían otros, para los indios.
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    Sunscreen • Binoculars • Hat • Camera • Water • xtra layers xtra E • S tire • pare THINGS TO TAKE TO THINGS at the entrance stations or the visitor centers. visitor the or stations entrance the at which can be taken care of of care taken be can which an requires Park National Bend Big . entrance fee entrance protection sun , and and , , with prepared Be Park. National Bend Big in arrive you once and way, the jackets hats considerably in just a short time so be prepared for different conditions you may find both on on both find may you conditions different for prepared be so time short a just in considerably Don’t except cell service on this trip, it will be spotty at best. The weather can change change can weather The best. at spotty be will it trip, this on service cell except Don’t ownload maps or apps for the area the for apps or maps ownload D • e prepared for weather; it can change quickly in Big Bend. Big in quickly change can it weather; for prepared e B • heck fuel and fluid levels in your vehicle as well as tire pressure. tire as well as vehicle your in levels fluid and C fuel • heck BEFORE YOU GO… YOU BEFORE Canyon. Canyon. Castolon Historic District, and Tuff Tuff and District, Historic Castolon Nail and Homer Wilson Ranches, Ranches, Wilson Homer and Nail the more popular stops are the Sam Sam the are stops popular more the and geology of the area. Some of of Some area. the of geology and and learn about the plants, people, people, plants, the about learn and opportunities to stretch your legs legs your stretch to opportunities points along the drive provide provide drive the along points Roadside exhibits at various various at exhibits Roadside effort.
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