Introducción a La Microarquitectura Sunny Cove, Ice Lake -10Ma Generación Intel Core

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Introducción a La Microarquitectura Sunny Cove, Ice Lake -10Ma Generación Intel Core Introducción a la microarquitectura Sunny Cove, Ice Lake -10ma Generación Intel Core En estos días, cuando Computex ha dado el pistoletazo de salida, la buena noticia para los amantes y seguidores del mundo del hardware y del PC, es que la competencia entre Intel y AMD vuelve a estar a niveles similares a los que encontrábamos en los tiempos de la carrera hacia procesadores con frecuencias de 1 GHz. Ahora estamos ya entre los 3 GHz y los 5 GHz, con tecnologías de fabricación de 10 nm y hasta 7 nm en el caso de AMD, que supone hasta 25 veces de mejora frente a los 180 nm de los Pentium 3 de entonces. En estos meses ya se han ido desvelando detalles de las propuestas de Intel y AMD para los meses venideros, con el foco puesto en finales de 2019 y 2020 para hacer valer los respectivos argumentos de cada fabricante para convencer a los usuarios de que elijan una tecnología de procesador, conectividad o gráficos integrados determinada, ya sea de Intel o AMD. Por el momento, AMD es una fuerte competencia para Intel en el mundo del PC de escritorio, mientras que en el apartado de los equipos portátiles Intel sigue teniendo el favor mayoritario de fabricantes y usuarios. La clave está en factores como la optimización en el rendimiento por vatio y el rendimiento en single core, donde Intel sigue siendo mejor que AMD. Al menos de momento con sus arquitecturas Coffe Lake, Whiskey Lake y Amber Lake con tecnología de 14 nm. Con la llegada de Zen 2 de AMD, con tecnología de 7 nm y mejoras en el rendimiento por núcleo, la situación de liderazgo de Intel puede peligrar de aquí a unos meses, cuando AMD desarrolle sus APUs basadas en Zen 2 con gráficos integrados Vega y un TDP de 15W. Por lo pronto, mientras AMD presentaba en Computex sus procesadores de 7 nm para escritorio, Intel hacía lo propio para el segmento portátil con su arquitectura Sunny Cave y los procesadores de 10ma generación Ice Lake basados en tecnología de 10 nm, que ya va por su segunda iteración, tras haber sido empleada para fabricar una limitada cantidad de procesadores el pasado año. Antes de seguir adelante nos viene bien repasar qué son realmente Ice Lake y Sunny Cove debido a que son los nombres en código que aparecerán recurrentemente a lo largo de todo el artículo. Ice Lake es el nombre de la microarquitectura implementada en los procesadores Intel Core de décima generación, y Sunny Cove es la microarquitectura que describe cómo es cada uno de los núcleos de CPU que contiene un chip Ice Lake. Esto significa, sencillamente, que un microprocesador Ice Lake contiene varios núcleos Sunny Cove, además de otros elementos funcionales importantes como son el controlador de memoria, la lógica gráfica o la interfaz de entrada y salida. En la actualidad, el mercado de equipos portátiles es el dominante en el universo del PC. Los equipos de escritorio siguen teniendo su audiencia, pero los portátiles son el objeto de deseo de usuarios tanto domésticos como corporativos, por eso Ice Lake es la baza tecnológica de Intel a nivel de arquitectura, de momento en el segmento de procesadores portátiles. Intel ha dado prioridad a la tecnología para laptops con Ice Lake y su tecnología de fabricación 10nm+ junto con la introducción de mejoras en la arquitectura para la parte de los cores, y la integración de la 11 Generación de gráficos integrados de Intel, además de la de componentes como la conectividad Thunderbolt 3, que antes estaba presente en el ICH o Intel Controller Hub junto con otros elementos de conectividad u optimización en el consumo energético relacionados con la plataforma más que con el rendimiento de CPU o gráficos. Intel Core de 10ma generación, presentación de la microarquitectura Sunny Cove de Intel «La microarquitectura Sunny Cove es la piedra angular sobre la que descansa el futuro de la familia de procesadores Intel Core». Esta contundente afirmación de Uri Frank, uno de los ingenieros de Intel responsables del diseño de la nueva microarquitectura, refleja con claridad lo importante que son los nuevos chips Intel Core de 10ª generación para el futuro de la compañía de Santa Clara. Durante los últimos años AMD ha conseguido colocar en el mercado un porfolio de microprocesadores muy competitivo tanto por su rendimiento global como por su precio. Intel también ha contado con soluciones atractivas, aunque habitualmente más por su productividad que por su precio, pero se ha visto obligada a soportar el desgaste que han acarreado las vulnerabilidades de seguridad que conocemos como Spectre y Meltdown. En cualquier caso es evidente que, de alguna manera, con la familia de microprocesadores Ice Lake quiere hacer «borrón y cuenta nueva». Buena parte de las innovaciones que Intel ha introducido en sus microprocesadores durante los últimos dieciséis años proceden de IDC (Israel Development Center), el centro de desarrollo que tiene la compañía en Haifa (Israel). Esta filial fue la responsable de poner a punto en 2003 la microarquitectura P6 (Banias), una de las más exitosas de cuantas ha lanzado Intel durante las últimas dos décadas. La alta relación rendimiento/vatio de los procesadores Pentium M utilizados en la plataforma Centrino se debió en gran medida a esta microarquitectura, que representó una ruptura muy contundente con la microarquitectura NetBurst utilizada en los procesadores Pentium 4. El peso que tiene actualmente el centro de desarrollo de Israel en la infraestructura de Intel es enorme, y todo comenzó gracias al éxito de los procesadores Pentium M y la plataforma Centrino. Los ingenieros israelíes tuvieron la habilidad de «cortar por lo sano» con la microarquitectura NetBurst de los Pentium 4 y tomar como punto de partida la implementación P6 de los Pentium III. Y acertaron. Intel se dio cuenta de que ese era el camino que debía seguir, así que certificó el final de la saga Pentium tal y como la conocíamos en ese momento, poniendo fin a un reinado que comenzó a principios de 1993. Los ingenieros israelíes tuvieron la habilidad de «cortar por lo sano» con la microarquitectura NetBurst de los Pentium 4 y tomar como punto de partida la implementación P6 de los Pentium III Muchas de las ideas que los ingenieros de IDC introdujeron en los chips Banias fueron trasladadas a los primeros microprocesadores Intel Core. Y siguen presentes en los últimos chips de esta familia, los Ice Lake de décima generación a los que estamos dedicando este artículo. La responsabilidad que han tenido los ingenieros de este laboratorio de Intel en el diseño de estos microprocesadores es muy alta, y, según ellos, en los nuevos chips Intel Core de décima generación han puesto «toda la carne en el asador» con el propósito de afianzar bien la línea de trabajo que continuarán desarrollando durante los próximos años. La litografía de 10 nm se ha hecho esperar, probablemente más de lo que a la propia Intel le gustaría, pero ya ha llegado. Actualmente los microprocesadores Ice Lake, que son los que utilizan esta tecnología de integración, se producen al menos en la fábrica de Intel en Kiryat Gat (Israel) desde principios del tercer cuatrimestre del año pasado. El desarrollo de la tecnología de integración ha favorecido la introducción en la microarquitectura de muchas de las innovaciones que veremos a lo largo de este artículo, pero los planes de Intel en lo que concierne al desarrollo de sus nodos de fabricación, como es lógico, no acaban aquí. Y es que la compañía de Santa Clara ha confirmado que su primer producto con litografía de 7 nm será un procesador gráfico que llegará en 2021. Ice Lake es el nombre de la microarquitectura implementada en los procesadores Intel Core de décima generación, y Sunny Cove es la microarquitectura que describe cómo es cada uno de los núcleos de CPU que contiene un chip Ice Lake. Esto significa, sencillamente, que un microprocesador Ice Lake contiene varios núcleos Sunny Cove, además de otros elementos funcionales importantes como son el controlador de memoria, la lógica gráfica o la interfaz de entrada y salida. Sunny Cove: que representa para Intel? Los nuevos procesadores de Intel de 10º generación basados en Ice Lake cuentan en su interior con una nueva arquitectura. Esta microarquitectura es la denominada Sunny Cove, la sucesora de Intel Skylake la cual llego con sus 14nm hace unos años. El gigante del chip ha presentado al mundo Sunny Cove, nombre que recibe el último gran salto a nivel de arquitectura CPU que Intel tiene preparado para finales de 2019. Lo primero que debemos tener claro es que esta nueva generación estará basada en el proceso de 10 nm, lo que significa que marcará un importante punto de inflexión. Podemos definir a Sunny Cove como un paso adelante con el que Intel deja atrás las bases sobre las que se había apoyado para construir sus procesadores Core y Xeon: la veterana arquitectura Nehalem. En efecto, desde la llegada de los Core de primera generación el gigante del chip ha ido introduciendo mejoras y reducciones de proceso, pero siempre bajo una misma arquitectura base, algo que AMD por ejemplo hizo en su momento con Piledriver y Exavator, revisiones a nivel de arquitectura sobre la base de Bulldozer. Para que nos entendamos mejor, Sunny Cove será para Intel lo mismo que Zen representó para AMD, un salto de gigante que marcará el abandono de una arquitectura a favor de otra más moderna, eficiente y potente. Según Intel el IPC de los núcleos Sunny Cove se ha incrementado un 18% frente al de Skylake, la imagen debajo de estas líneas refleja el incremento del IPC que introduce Sunny Cove frente a los procesadores con microarquitectura Skylake lanzados por Intel hace casi cuatro años.
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