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Biology of Leaf Web Worm, Nausinoe Geometralis (Guenee) on Jasmine Under Laboratory Conditions

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Biology of Leaf Web Worm, Nausinoe Geometralis (Guenee) on Jasmine Under Laboratory Conditions International Journal of Plant Protection | Volume 5 | Issue 1 | April, 2012 | 120-123 Research Article IJPP Biology of leaf web worm, Nausinoe geometralis (Guenee) on jasmine under laboratory conditions D.K. GAJERA 1, K. A. PATEL 2, R.S. PATEL 1, N.R. TOKE 1* AND K.S. PATIL 1 1Department of Entomology, N.M. College of Agriculture, Navsari Agricultural University, NAVSARI (GUJARAT) INDIA 2Department of Entomology, Main Sorghum Research Station, N.A.U., SURAT (GUJARAT) INDIA ARITCLE INFO ABSTRACT Article Chronicle : Biology of leaf web worm, Nausinoe geometralis (Guenee) was studied under laboratory at Received : 19.12.2011 24.03 ± 1.75 0C and the average relative humidity was 53.9 ± 3.04 per cent during November Revised : 22.12.2011 December 2006. Average larval period was 9.98 ± 0.84 days and pupal period was 7.84 ± 0.37 Accepted : 04.03.2012 days. Adult period was 3.88 ± 0.83 days for male and 6.16 ± 0.37 days for female. The total life Key words : cycle was completed in 26.62 ± 2.57 days for male and 28.90 ± 2.11 days for female. The pre- Leaf-web worm, oviposition, oviposition and post-oviposition periods were 1.60 ± 0.50, 3.44 ± 0.0.51 and 1.12 Nausinoe geometralis , ± 0.33 days, respectively. The female laid average 52.35± 25.33 eggs during its life span. The Biology sex ratio (female: male) was recorded 1: 0.94.in laboratory. How to view point the article : Gajera, D.K., Patel, K.A., Patel, R.S., Toke, N.R. and Patil, K.S. (2012). Biology of leaf web worm, Nausinoe geometralis (Guenee) on jasmine under laboratory *Corresponding author : [email protected]; conditions. Internat. J. Plant Prote c., 5(1) : 120-123. [email protected] INTRODUCTION December 2006. Jasmine plant is attacked by a number of insect pests Maintenance of culture: like leaf webworm, bud worm, gallery worm, tinged bug, thrips, The initial culture of jasmine leaf web worm was raised green plant hopper, jasmine bug, leaf roller, blossom midge by collecting large number of larvae from the field of jasmine and non insect pest like red spider mite and cyclamen mite. crop from Horticulture farm, ASPEE College of Horticulture Nausinoe geometralis Among them, Jasmine leaf web worm, and Forestry, N.A.U., Navsari. The larvae were kept in a plastic (Guenee) (Lepidoptera : Pyralidae) is a serious pest of Arabian culture bottle having 20.00 cm height and 16.00 cm diameter Jasminum sambac jasmine ( Ait.) in India (David, 1958). The containing jasmine leaves. Rearing bottle was cleaned caterpillars web the leaves and nibble to make holes in the everyday. leaves which are quite often reduced to mere veins. The severely attacked bush present ‘burnt appearance’ because Rearing technique: the damaged and dried leaves remain entrapped in the web. In the laboratory, larvae were reared separately on jasmine This results in reduced vitality of plant which tells upon the in transparent plastic tubes having 2.50 cm diameter and 7.50 growth of the bush and consequently production of flower cm length. The open end of plastic tubes was covered with buds/flowers reduction in the subsequent year. the perforated lids to facilitate aeration. Jasmine leaves were provided as food daily till pre-pupal stage. At the time of pre- MATERIALS AND M ETHODS pupal stage, 1/3 part of each plastic tube was filled with leaves The study on biology of leaf web worm, Nausinoe to facilitate pupation. The pupae formed were transferred to geometralis was carried out in the laboratory of the jars for emergence of the adults. Department of Entomology, N.M. College of Agriculture, To rear the adults, newly emerged male and female moths Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari at 24.03 ± 1.75 0C and were transferred in a glass jar (23 cm diameter x 10 cm height). average relative humidity 53.9 ± 3.04 per cent during November Tender shoots of jasmine plant having leaves on them were HIND AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH AND TRAINING INSTITUTE D.K. GAJERA, K. A. PATEL, R.S. PATEL, N.R. TOKE AND K.S. PATIL cut and cut end of the shoots were dipped in fresh water filled individually in plastic tubes (21.50 cm diameter x 7.50 cm in conical flask (4.50 cm diameter at bottom and 8.0 cm height) height). Observations on pupal duration, colour and size were to maintain turgidity of leaves. The shoots, thus prepared, also recorded. were provided to the moths inside the rearing jars for resting and oviposition. The open end of glass jar was covered with Adult : fine musline cloth, secured in a position with the help of rubber A male and a female of the same age paired and reared band. Cotton swabs dipped in five per cent honey solution separately in glass jar (23 cm diameter x 10 cm height).They were placed in rearing jar for food to the moths. The shoots were provided with five per cent honey solution as food and were substituted daily with fresh one. The eggs were collected fresh leaves of jasmine were provided to them for resting and from the leaves and used for further study. oviposition. The material provided for resting and egg laying was replaced daily with fresh one. The observations on adult Study on various stages of N. geometralis: period as well as colour and size of the adults were also Eggs: recorded. The length and breadth with their expanded wings To study the incubation period and hatching percentage, were measured directly with the help of standard scale. freshly laid eggs were picked up with the help of fine moist camel hair brush and counted the number of eggs laid in Pre-oviposition, oviposition and post-oviposition period, Petridishes (10 cm diameter). The eggs were also examined fecundity and longevity: under the microscope for their colour, shape and size. The In order to study the pre-oviposition period, oviposition observations on number of eggs hatched were recorded daily period, post-oviposition period, fecundity and adult longevity, in the morning till unhatched eggs were shrinked. Incubation the newly emerged adults of N. geometralis were reared period was calculated from date of egg laying to the date of separately in rearing cage on jasmine plant. hatching. Hatching per cent was calculated from the number Pre-oviposition period was calculated from the date of of eggs hatched out of the total number of eggs kept for emergence of female adult to the date of starting of egg laying. hatching. Measurements of eggs were recorded under the Date of starting egg laying to ceasing of egg laying were microscope with the help of stage and ocular micrometer. noted as oviposition period. A period between the date of ceasing egg laying and the date of death of female was Larvae: recorded as post-oviposition period. With a view to determine the number and duration of Longevity of male and female adult was calculated from different larval instars and total larval periods, the newly the date of emergence and date of death of adult, separately hatched larvae (first instar) were placed individually with the and average longevity was calculated. help of fine camel hair brush in plastic culture tubes (3.50 cm To find out the fecundity, numbers of eggs laid by each diameter x 4.00 cm height) and leaves were provided to the female were recorded daily till the death of the female and larvae. The leaves in each tube were changed daily in the average fecundity was calculated. morning. In order to determine the number of larval instars, the Total life cycle: size of individual larvae was observed daily. Exuvium as well Total life cycle was considered as the period between as casted off head capsule were also observed. The moulting date of egg laying and the date of adult death. was confirmed by the presence of casted off head capsule of the larvae of the subsequent instars. The larvae in each instar Sex ratio: were studied for their colour and size. Observations on number In order to determine sex ratio (male : female) under of instars, durations of instars and total larval period were laboratory conditions, countered number of pupae were kept recorded. Measurement of eggs and immature stages were in different plastic tubes and observations on emergence of recorded under the microscope with the help of stage and male and female moths were recorded to find out the sex ratio. ocular micrometer and mature stages of larva and adults The sexes were identified by observing the tip of the abdomen measured with the help of standard scale. of the adults. In case of male, the slender abdomen was pointed, grayish and much more bent upward as compared to the tip of Pre-pupae: female abdomen with yellow slit like genital aperture identified To record the pre-pupal period, the larvae were observed by the presence of tuft of hairs on the tip of the abdomen of from the time when it stopped feeding and became sluggish female while it was absent in male. to the time when it turned to pupae. Pupae : RESULTS AND D ISCUSSION Freshly formed pupae were collected and placed The results of the investigation of leaf-web worm, Internat. J. Plant Protec., 5(1) April, 2012 : 120-123 121 HIND AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH AND TRAINING INSTITUTE BIOLOGY OF LEAF-WEB WORM, Nausinoe geometralis (GUENEE) ON JASMINE UNDER LABORATORY CONDITIONS Nausinoe geometralis carried out in the laboratory are days (III instar), 2 to 3 days (IV instar) and 2 to 3 days (V presented in Table 1 and 2 and discussed below : instar) with an average of 2.76 ± 0.33, 3.72 ± 0.46 days, 2.20 ± 0.41, 2.20 ± 0.41 and 2.24 ± 0.44 days, respectively (Table 1).
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