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Exegetical Fallacies: Common Interpretive Mistakes Every Student Must Avoid
TMSJ 19/1 (Spring 2008) 15-27 EXEGETICAL FALLACIES: COMMON INTERPRETIVE MISTAKES EVERY STUDENT MUST AVOID William D. Barrick Professor of Old Testament Students of the Bible often make mistakes that can be avoided if they are aware of errors that others have committed. One of the errors is the “Evidential Fallacy” which fails to approach the text with the presumption that it is accurate. Another mistake is the “Superior Knowledge Fallacy” which occurs when one, in approaching difficult texts, practices textual emendation to accommodate the critic’s ignorance. A third mistake is the “Word Study Fallacy” which uses imaginative extrapolations to find unjustified meanings in individual words. The “Fallacy of Reading Between the Lines” reads into the Scriptures what one thinks the text implies. Another mistake occurs in improper explanations of the two tenses of Hebrew verbs, the perfect (or qatal) and the imperfect (or yiqtol). Occasionally in the NT, the “Fallacy of Ignoring Particles” causes an interpreter to miss emphasis that is conveyed by Greek particles. Sometimes a translation leaves out words found in the original language causing the “Fallacy of Reduction.” Correct interpretation results from close attention to details of the text in avoiding the mistakes mentioned above, as well as others. * * * * * Introduction Over twenty years ago, D. A. Carson published his volume entitled Exegeti- cal Fallacies (Grand Rapids: Baker, 1984). In it he covers the areas of word-study fallacies, grammatical fallacies, logical fallacies, and presuppositional and historical fallacies. This writer believes that the book should be required reading for every Bible student. Although Carson might be faulted in his own exegesis for some of the examples he employs, he does a respectable job of covering the issues. -
Conservative Presbyterians Without a Common Foe by D
Article After the Breakup, Heartbreak: Conservative Presbyterians without a Common Foe by D. G. Hart In the 1930s, conservatives in the PCUSA believed that their cause against liberalism in the denominations’ agencies provided a common understanding of what it meant to be a Presbyterian in America. But once these conservatives formed their own communion, they experienced a series of controversies that revealed significant differences about the nature of American Presbyterianism. These conflicts, in fact, led to further divisions among conser- vatives. This article reviews the difficulties that afflicted the Orthodox Presbyterian Church during the first decade of its existence after 1936 and suggests that having a common foe is insufficient for agreement on a common identity. n June 11, 1936, J. Gresh- Princeton Theological Seminary, O am Machen declared had his own ideas about the before the first General Assem- correct way to proceed and led a bly of the Orthodox Presbyte- smaller group of conservatives rian Church, “We became into the Bible Presbyterian members, at last, of a true Pres- Synod. Even this rupture would byterian Church.” 1 The fifty or not relieve the pressures that so ministers and elders gathered bedeviled Machen’s followers. likely heard in Machen’s pro- Throughout the 1940s, the new nouncement the relief of a man denomination lost members and who had been engaged in de- ministers to other communions, nominational disputes and thanks to internal disputes over ecclesiastical intrigue for the J. Gresham Machen, 1881-1937. Photo denominational relations with better part of two decades. by Marceau (RG 414, Presbyterian non-Presbyterians. -
The Shepherd Student
WRS Journal 12:2 (August 2005): 27-36 THE SHEPHERD STUDENT Earl L. Brown, Jr. Breath of Breath1 says Qoheleth,2 the whole is breath. Not only was Qoheleth wise but he also taught knowledge to the people; he studiously weighed3 and arranged many proverbs. Qoheleth sought to find delightful words,4 and to write true words with precision.5 The words of the sages are like prods, and the collected sayings are like firmly fixed nails; they are given by one shepherd6 Be warned, my son, of anything in addition to them. There is no end to the making of many books, and much study is wearisome to the body.7 Having heard everything, I have reached this conclusion. Fear God and keep his commandments, for this is the whole duty of man. For God will evaluate every deed, including every secret thing, whether good or evil. Ecclesiastes 12:8-14 [Brown adaptation of NET Bible8] The text set before us is not only the key to the interpretation of the book, but it accurately coalesces the convergent philosophy of life as a précis of the life of Solomon,9 as it is paraphrased in the lives of Robert Dick Wilson, Allan MacRae, and Robert W. Anderson.10 Life Transitions: From Solomon to Jesus, From David’s Son to David’s Greater Son Solomon was the Old Covenant prototype for the masterful Shepherd Student. Unlike Solomon, however, Jesus learned in his earthly human nature, obedience “through the things which he suffered” (Heb 5:8). It is in this capacity that Christ in the New Covenant provides a superior Shepherd and student (see 1 Pet 2:21). -
Life and Work of Robert Dick Wilson
TMSJ 19/1 (Spring 2008) 91-106 LIFE AND WORK OF ROBERT DICK WILSON Brian Nicks* At a time when his denomination and seminary were turning away from conservative, orthodox views of the Bible, Robert Dick Wilson felt called to challenge respected scholars in their Higher Criticism of Scripture. As a child and young man, he showed remarkable academic abilities, particularly in learning new languages. He attended Western Theological Seminary in Pittsburgh, and while a student there, he learned and taught a number of languages. He demonstrated effectiveness as a preacher and evangelist, but chose to become a teacher because of his linguistic abilities. After studying Semitic languages in Europe for a time, he returned to join the faculty at Western Theological Seminary. In 1900, he left Western to become a professor at Princeton Theological Seminary, a role that he held until 1929 when he left to help in founding Westminster Theological Seminary. He authored a number of articles and books related to the twenty-six languages and dialects he had learned. His writings were particularly noted for their effectiveness in answering higher critical attacks on the authenticity of the OT, particularly the Book of Daniel. He died on October 11, 1930. * * * * * INTRODUCTION The historicity, authenticity, and authority of the Bible are under attack on every front these days. Fiction works distort the truth of Christianity, denying the historicity of the Bible. Christian fiction is replacing theology on the bookshelves of churchgoers. Books that rip Scriptures from their historical and biblical contexts are being elevated to pseudo-scripture status. Self-help books with an amazing number of biblical references are being sold to help people find their purpose in life. -
A Cumulative Index to the Presbyterian Guardian, 1935-1979
A CUMULATIVE INDEX TO THE PRESBYTERIAN GUARDIAN, 1935-1979 Compiled by James T. Dennison, Jr. Copyright c 1985 Escondido, California TO MY BROTHER REV. CHARLES GILMORE DENNISON, B.D., M.A. BELOVED FELLOW SERVANT OF THE ESCHATOLOGICAL SERVANT HUSBAND, FATHER, PASTOR HISTORIAN OF THE ORTHODOX PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH, 1982- FOND DISCIPLE OF J. GRESHAM MACHEN "...YOUR LIFE IS HID WITH CHRIST IN GOD"-- COL. 3:3 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. PREFACE.................................................i 2. OUTLINE OF PUBLICATION DATA.............................ii 3. HOW TO USE THIS INDEX...................................v 4. AUTHOR/TITLE/SUBJECT, ETC. .............................1 5. BOOK REVIEWS............................................350 6. SCRIPTURE PASSAGES......................................364 7. PHOTOGRAPHS.............................................381 PREFACE The Presbyterian Guardian was established by Dr. J. Gresham Machen to serve as the voice of Presbyterian orthodoxy. Conceived in controversy, the first copy issued from the presses on October 7, 1935. Machen spearheaded the publication of the Guardian with the assistance of a group of ministers and laymen in the Presbyterian Church in the United States of America (PCUSA). The proximate cause of the Guardian was the disagreement between Machen and Dr. Samuel G. Craig, editor of Christianity Today (1930-1949). The nether cause was Machen's escalating struggle with modernism in the PCUSA. Machen had led in the formation of the Presbyterian Constitutional Covenant Union which was organized June 27, 1935 in Philadelphia. This group was committed to: (1) reform of the PCUSA; or (2) "failing that, to continue the true spiritual succession of that church in a body distinct from the existing organization." Dr. Craig had editorially questioned the wisdom of such a Union in the September 1935 issue of Christianity Today. -
Download Indices
INDEX OF PARTICIPANTS Abernethy, Andrew T. ............ 24, 48 Block, Daniel I. .........................47, 56 Coe, John H. .............................. 31, 48 English, JT ........................................18 Alexander, David C. .......................19 Blomberg, Craig L. .................. 27, 37 Cohick, Lynn H. ............................. 54 Enns, Peter E. ...................................23 Aling, Charles F..............................42 Blount, Doug ............................60, 61 Colanter, Eddie N. ......................... 36 Erdel, Timothy Paul ..................... 34 Allen, Garrick V. ............................ 59 Bock, Darrell L. ..................20, 31, 57 Cole, Bob ..........................................48 Erickson, Dean M. ........................60 Allen, Michael ......................... 46, 54 Boda, Mark J. ..................................46 Collins, C. John ...............................18 Foreman, Mark W. ........................ 36 Allison, Gregg R. ................ 8, 45, 54 Booth, Susan ...................................25 Collins, Nate ................................... 37 Licona, Michael R. .................. 31, 54 Anderson, Chip M. ...................23, 55 Borland, James A. ...........................51 Compton, Bruce ..............................21 Younger, K. Lawson.......................30 Anderson, Tawa ..............................42 Bowald, Mark ...........................35, 46 Conyers, Lamont T. ........................21 Yang, Edward .................................. 36 -
Final Pdf ETS 2014
INDEX OF PARTICIPANTS Adair, John A. .....................26 Bethancourt, Phillip R. ...54 Carroll R., M. Daniel ....... 57 Das, Andrew ....................... 58 Aernie, Jeffrey W. ...............34 Bignon, Guillaume ..... 21, 50 Carson, D. A. ......................65 Davidson, Richard M........31 Aling, Charles .................... 52 Billington, Clyde E. ..........44 Carter, Warren ................... 58 Davis, Richard Brian ........21 Allen, Michael .................... 52 Bingham, Jeffrey ................28 Casas, David ....................... 53 Davis Abdallah, Amy F. ...47 Allison, Gregg R. ..........8, 23, Bird, Michael F. .................30 Chamberlain, Paul............59 De Young, James B. ...........28 39, 56 Blaising, Craig ............ 22, 27, Chandler, William T. .22, 65 DelHousaye, John ............. 19 Allison, Justin L. ...............64 39, 48 Chang, Dongshin D. ........49 Dempster, Stephen ...........47 Anderson, Charity ............46 Blatchley, Andrew ............. 32 Chapman, David W. .........64 Derickson, Gary ................39 Anderson, Chip M. ...........40 Blazosky, Bryan ................. 63 Chase, Mitch ......................54 DeRouchie, Jason S. .........34 Anderson, Tawa ................. 43 Block, Daniel ................ 37, 58 Chatraw, Josh ..................... 63 Detweiler, Craig .................48 Andres, Michael ................64 Blois, Isaac ...........................55 Chisholm, Jr., Deuel, Dave ...................50, 57 Andrews, Max L. ................21 Bloom, John ....................... -
A Response to John Gerstner's Critique of Dispensationalism1
Grace Theological Journal 12.2 (1992) 263-277 "DUBIOUS EVANGELICALISM"? A RESPONSE TO JOHN GERSTNER'S CRITIQUE OF DISPENSATIONALISM1 DAVID L. TURNER INTRODUCTION ISTINGUlSHED church historian and apologist John Gerstner's formal D entrance into debate with dispensationalists befan in 1982 with the publication of his Primer on Dispensationalism. Though converted through the witness of a dispensationalist, Gerstner soon afterward began what has become a fifty year career advocating reformed theol ogy. Concern over questions about dispensational antinomianism led to his Primer. Now the lordship salvation controversy has rekindled his interest and led to his conviction that there has been no essential change in dispensationalism. According to Gerstner, "Dispensationalism today, as yesterday, is spurious Calvinism and dubious evangelicalism.,,3 To demonstrate this thesis, he surveys the history of dispensationalism in 65 pages. Next he critiques dispensationalism's philosophy and herme neutics in 28 pages. The bulk of his book, the remaining 172 pages, addresses dispensational theology. J. I. Packer, for one, agrees with Gerstner. He praises Gerstner's "skill and thorough knowledge." Speaking of a gulf between dispensa tionalism and Calvinism, Packer applauds Gerstner's proof that the two systems are "radically opposed.,,4 Along similar lines R. C. Sproul's foreword lauds Gerstner as a "world-class historian" whose charges IJohn H. Gerstner, Wrongly Dividing the Word of Truth (Brentwood, TN: Wolge muth and Hyatt, 1991). Hereafter cited as WDWT. For other substantial reviews see R. L. Mayhue, "Who is Wrong? A Review of John Gerstner's Wrongly Dividing the Word of Truth," The Master's Seminary Journal 3 (1992) 73-94; T. -
University of Florida Thesis Or Dissertation Formatting
FROM SCOPES TO REAGAN: PRESBYTERIANS AND THE PERSISTENCE OF ANTIEVOLUTION By JOSHUA BAIJU ABRAHAM A DISSERTATION PRESENTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA 2014 © 2014 Joshua Baiju Abraham To Joshy and Mariamma Abraham ACKNOWLEDGMENTS First of all I thank my parents, Joshy and Mariamma Abraham, for understanding how worthwhile this project was and donating large sums of money to support its completion. My parents endured substantial burdens to see this project to its completion and I sincerely thank them. I owe a great debt that I can never repay secondly to the professors of the University of Florida History Department. Above all, I thank Dr. Frederick Gregory for taking me on as a student and teaching me about the roots of modern science and training me to think about the development of science and the complex interactions it has had with the domain of religion. Dr. Gregory’s patience in correcting the thousands of errors in my chapters over the course of seven years was truly a herculean feat of patience and endurance. I also wish to thank Dr. Vassiliki Betty Smocovitis for teaching me about the history of evolutionary biology but also urging me to think about science and scientific communities in an interdisciplinary way. Dr. Robert Hatch schooled me in the origins of ancient science and the scientific revolution. Dr. Jack Davis taught me about the history of the South after the Civil War and got me thinking about issues of race that played so central a role in my work. -
Eschatology in the Bible Presbyterian Church
WRS Journal 11/2 (August 2004) 12-27 Eschatology in the Bible Presbyterian Church John A. Battle One of the distinguishing features of the Bible Presbyterian Church (BPC) has been its adoption and promotion of premillennial eschatology. Most Presbyterian denominations accept the original form of the Westminster Confession of Faith and Westminster Larger Catechism; these present a general resurrection of the dead (agreeable particularly to amillennialism or postmillennialism). Some subscribe to an amended form, which is worded so as to allow all three main views of eschatology (amillennialism, postmillennialism, or premillennialism). However, the BPC at its first Synod in 1938 amended the Westminster standards to present the premillennial view exclusively. This adoption by the BPC of the premillennial position was the consequence of the historical situation at the church’s founding. Subsequently, the church has had to take this position into account in its own policies and ministry. The BPC has held to the premillennial position with varying amounts of strictness. Throughout its history the BPC has experienced the tension between its stated premillennial position and its desire to be a church that welcomes all Bible-believing Presbyterian churches and ministers into its communion. Some definitions Here are some brief and simple definitions of terms used in eschatological discussions. There are three main views relating the second coming of Christ to the promised glorious kingdom: • Premillennialism.—At Jesus’ second coming the redeemed dead will be resurrected; then there will be a glorious 1000-year kingdom, followed by the resurrection of the rest of the dead and the final judgment. • Amillennialism.—The biblical promises of the glorious 1000-year kingdom are spiritual in nature, and refer to the present age, either the church on earth or the redeemed in heaven. -
The Mandate of Biblical Inerrancy: 1 Expository Preaching
THE MANDATE OF BIBLICAL INERRANCY: 1 EXPOSITORY PREACHING John F. MacArthur, Jr. President and Professor of Pastoral Ministries The Master's Seminary The special attention of evangelicalism given to the inerrancy of Scripture in recent years carries with it a mandate to emphasize the expository method of preaching the Scriptures. The existence of God and His nature requires the conclusion that He has communicated accurately and that an adequate exegetical process to determine His meaning is required. The Christian commission to preach God's Word involves the transmitting of that meaning to an audience, a weighty responsibility. A belief in inerrancy thus requires, most important of all, exegetical preaching, and does not have to do primarily with the homiletical form of the message. In this regard it differs from a view of limited inerrancy. * * * * * The theological highlight of recent years has without question been evangelicalism's intense focus on biblical innerrancy.2 Much of what has been written defending inerrancy3 represents the most acute theological reasoning our generation has produced. Yet, it seems our commitment to inerrancy is somewhat lacking in the 1This essay was initially given as a response at the International Council on Biblical Inerrancy, Summit II (Nov 1982). It was subsequently published under the title "Inerrancy and Preaching: Where Exposition and Exegesis Come Together" in Hermeneutics, Inerrancy, and the Bible (ed. by Earl Radmacher and Robert Preus; Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1984) 801-831. It has been updated to serve as the foundational article for this inaugural issue of The Master's Seminary Journal. 2 Over a ten-year period (1977-1987), the International Council on Biblical Inerrancy held three summits for scholars (1978, 1982, 1986) and two congresses for the Christian community-at-large (1982, 1987) whose purposes were to formulate and disseminate the biblical truth about inerrancy. -
The Significance of Westminster Theological Seminary Today D
The Significance of Westminster Theological Seminary Today D. Clair Davis Forty years for me at Westminster Theological Seminary, two as student and 38 as professor: that generates memories. How reliable are they? Paul Woolley reviewed Wilbur Smith’s Before I Forget and found Smith’s memories so different from his own that he had to conclude: before he forgot? But he already had! Have I? And are my memories the important ones? I’ve told my students that when the roll is called up yonder they’ll learn who the really important people in the history of the church are, and it’s not going to be the ones they learned about in class. What did happen when that remarkable church planter came to WTS and not to Princeton because he heard me speak in chapel on the glory of Christ? What in the world did I say? What about the hundreds of times when suddenly the light went on in class? What was happening? That went on in all the other classes, at least as much as in mine; I wish I could give you every one of those hidden stories. I dedicate this with enthusiasm to Grace Mullen, WTS archivist and keeper and lover of the heritage. I wanted to know what Machen really knew about liberalism among Presbyterian missionaries in China. She found for me the correspondence with Arie Kok, a Dutch diplomat in China at the time. She also found the correspondence of Machen with Robert E. Speer and with Clarence Macartney. There were many more.