TRB 81St Annual Meeting Highlights: Spotlight on Security TR News

MARCH–APRIL 2002 TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH BOARD NUMBER 219TRTR NEWS NEWSNATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL

TRB 81st Annual Meeting Highlights: Spotlight on Security

Also

Mix for Extending Pavement Service Life Road Work Ahead: Communication Paves the Way TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH BOARD 2002 EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE *

Chairman: E. Dean Carlson, Secretary, Kansas Department of Transportation, Topeka Vice Chairman: Genevieve Giuliano, Professor, School of Policy, Planning, and Development, University of Southern California, Los Angeles Executive Director: Robert E. Skinner, Jr., Transportation Research Board The Transportation Research Board is a division of the National Research Council, William D. Ankner, Director, Rhode Island Department of Transportation, Providence which serves the National Academy of Thomas F. Barry, Jr., Secretary of Transportation, Florida Department of Transportation, Tallahassee Michael W. Behrens, Executive Director, Texas Department of Transportation, Austin Sciences and the National Academy of Jack E. Buffington, Associate Director and Research Professor, Mack-Blackwell National Rural Transportation Study Engineering.The Board’s mission is to pro- Center, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville mote innovation and progress in trans- Sarah C. Campbell, President, TransManagement, Inc., Washington, D.C. portation by stimulating and conducting Joanne F. Casey, President, Intermodal Association of North America, Greenbelt, Maryland James C. Codell III, Secretary, Kentucky Transportation Cabinet, Frankfort research, facilitating the dissemination of John L. Craig, Director, Nebraska Department of Roads, Lincoln information, and encouraging the imple- Robert A. Frosch, Senior Research Fellow, Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs, John F. Kennedy School mentation of research results.The Board’s of Government, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts varied activities annually draw on approx- Susan Hanson, Landry University Professor of Geography, Graduate School of Geography, Clark University, Worcester, Massachusetts imately 4,000 engineers, scientists, and Lester A. Hoel, L.A. Lacy Distinguished Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Virginia, other transportation researchers and prac- Charlottesville (Past Chairman, 1986) titioners from the public and private sec- Ronald F. Kirby, Director of Transportation Planning, Metropolitan Washington Council of Governments, tors and academia, all of whom contribute Washington, D.C. H. Thomas Kornegay, Executive Director, Port of Houston Authority, Houston, Texas their expertise in the public interest. The Bradley L. Mallory, Secretary of Transportation, Pennsylvania Department of Transportation, Harrisburg program is supported by state transporta- Michael D. Meyer, Professor, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta tion departments, federal agencies includ- Jeff P. Morales, Director of Transportation, California Department of Transportation, Sacramento ing the component administrations of the David Plavin, President, Airports Council International, Washington, D.C. John Rebensdorf, Vice President, Network and Service Planning, Union Pacific Railroad Company, Omaha, Nebraska U.S. Department of Transportation, and Catherine L. Ross, Executive Director, Georgia Regional Transportation Agency, Atlanta other organizations and individuals inter- John M. Samuels, Senior Vice President, Operations Planning and Support, Norfolk Southern Corporation, Norfolk, ested in the development of transportation. Virginia (Past Chairman, 2001) Paul P. Skoutelas, CEO, Port Authority of Allegheny County, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Michael S. Townes, Executive Director, Transportation District Commission of Hampton Roads, Hampton, Virginia The National Research Council was orga- Martin Wachs, Director, Institute of Transportation Studies, University of California, Berkeley (Past Chairman, 2000) nized by the National Academy of Sciences Michael W. Wickham, Chairman and CEO, Roadway Express, Inc., Akron, Ohio in 1916 to associate the broad community of M. Gordon Wolman, Professor of Geography and Environmental Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland science and technology with the Academy’s purposes of furthering knowledge and Mike Acott, President, National Asphalt Pavement Association, Lanham, Maryland (ex officio) advising the federal government. Function- Joseph M. Clapp, Administrator, Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation ing in accordance with general policies (ex officio) Susan M. Coughlin, Director and Chief Operating Officer, The American Trucking Associations Foundation, Inc., determined by the Academy, the Council Alexandria, Virginia (ex officio) has become the principal operating agency Jennifer L. Dorn, Administrator, Federal Transit Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation (ex officio) of both the National Academy of Sciences Ellen G. Engleman, Administrator, Research and Special Programs Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation and the National Academy of Engineering in (ex officio) Robert B. Flowers (Lt. Gen., U.S. Army), Chief of Engineers and Commander, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, providing services to the government, the Washington, D.C. (ex officio) public, and the scientific and engineering Harold K. Forsen, Foreign Secretary, National Academy of Engineering, Washington, D.C. (ex officio) communities. Jane F. Garvey, Administrator, Federal Aviation Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation (ex officio) Thomas J. Gross, Deputy Assistant Secretary, Office of Transportation Technologies, U.S. Department of Energy (ex officio) Edward R. Hamberger, President and CEO, Association of American Railroads, Washington, D.C. (ex officio) www.TRB.org John C. Horsley, Executive Director, American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, Washington, D.C. (ex officio) www.national-academies.org/trb Michael P. Jackson, Deputy Secretary, U.S. Department of Transportation (ex officio) James M. Loy (Adm., U.S. Coast Guard), Commandant, U.S. Coast Guard, Washington, D.C. (ex officio) William W. Millar, President, American Public Transportation Association, Washington, D.C. (ex officio) (Past Chairman, 1992) Margo T. Oge, Director, Office of Transportation and Air Quality, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C. (ex officio) Mary E. Peters, Administrator, Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation (ex officio) Valentin J. Riva, President and CEO, American Concrete Pavement Association, Skokie, Illinois (ex officio) Jeffrey W. Runge, Administrator, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation (ex officio) Allan Rutter, Administrator, Federal Railroad Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation (ex officio) William G. Schubert, Administrator, Maritime Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation (ex officio) Ashish K. Sen, Director, Bureau of Transportation Statistics, U.S. Department of Transportation (ex officio) Robert A. Venezia, Earth Sciences Applications Specialist, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Washington, D.C. (ex officio)

* Membership as of April 2002 TR NEWS

NUMBER 219 MARCH–APRIL 2002

3 Strategic Planning for Pavement Preventive Maintenance: Michigan Department of Transportation’s “Mix of Fixes” Program Larry Galehouse Michigan’s pavement maintenance program uses a “mix of fixes” approach, combining reconstruction, rehabilitation, and preventive maintenance—with the emphasis on preventive maintenance—to meet public expectations of safe, smooth, and well-maintained roads. By applying cost-effective treatments to correct minor pavement deficiencies before problems become major, the state is able to extend pavement service life and optimize available funds to meet network condition needs.

9 Arkansas’ Interstate Rehabilitation Program: 3 Research, Planning, and a Healthy Dose of Innovation Farrell Wilson Faced with the task of repairing 60 percent of the state’s Interstate highways, the Arkansas State Highway and Transportation Department developed an innovative, comprehensive approach. Research, planning, and best practices have been hallmarks of the Interstate Rehabilitation Program, which has gained the necessary financing, improved rehabilitation methods, and launched an award-winning public information campaign.

13 2002 TRB Annual Meeting Highlights With a program greatly expanded to include sessions spotlighting transportation security and featuring news-making presentations on policy developments and directions by the 39 U.S. Department of Transportation Secretary and modal administration leaders, TRB’s 2002 Annual Meeting drew a record number of attendees to Washington, D.C. Photographs and brief reports offer a glimpse of the high-energy sessions and collegial interactions.

31 New TRB Special Report The Federal Role in Highway Research and Technology: Time for a Change of Direction Walter J. Diewald The Federal Highway Administration’s research and technology program should focus on fundamental, long-term research aimed at achieving breakthroughs in understanding transportation-related phenomena, according to a TRB study. The Research and Technology Coordinating Committee examined the FHWA program’s focus and activities in the context of the needs of the nation’s highway system and of the roles and activities of other highway research programs.

35 New TRB Special Report A Process for Setting, Managing, and Monitoring Environmental Windows for Dredging Projects Cover: U.S. Secretary of Transportation Norman Y.Mineta Kris A. Hoellen delivers a major policy speech Environmental windows are periods in which the adverse environmental impacts of dredging on transportation security at a waterway and disposing of the dredged materials can be reduced below critical thresholds. TRB’s 81st Annual Meeting—held A joint study committee of the TRB–Marine Board and the National Research Council’s Ocean January 13–17, 2002, in Washington, Studies Board has developed a template for a systematic process to achieve greater D.C. Meeting highlights begin on page consistency, predictability, and reliability in decision making about setting, managing, and 13. (Cover photo by Cable Risdon.) monitoring environmental windows for federal dredging projects. TR NEWS features articles on innovative and timely ALSO IN THIS ISSUE research and development activities in all modes of transportation. Brief news items of interest to the transportation community are 39 Research Pays Off also included, along with profiles of transportation professionals, meeting announcements, Cynthia Levesque summaries of new publications, and news of Improving Communications to Manage Incidents: Transportation Research Board activities. A Solution for Rhode Island

TR News is produced by the Transportation Research Board 41 Calendar Reports and Editorial Services Office Nancy A. Ackerman, Director 42 Profiles Javy Awan, Managing Editor Kristin C. Motley, Assistant Editor Professor, researcher, and consultant Clinton V. Oster, Jr., and Texas Transportation Institute Deputy Director Dennis L. Christiansen TR News Editorial Board Neil F. Hawks, Chairman Nancy A. Ackerman 44 News Briefs Joseph A. Breen Free-flight tool takes off, “beast out back” tests pavements, carpools thrive in Bay Walter J. Diewald Area, historic bridge gets new life, intermodal initiatives in Europe, pavement Frederick D. Hejl management in Thailand, and more; plus People in Transportation. Timothy Hess Stephen F. Maher Stephan A. Parker A. Robert Raab 48 TRB Highlights CRP News, 50 Transportation Research Board Robert E. Skinner, Jr., Executive Director Suzanne B. Schneider, Associate Executive 52 Bookshelf Director TRB Publications, 52 Mark R. Norman, Director, Technical Activities Stephen R. Godwin, Director, Studies and Information Services Michael P.LaPlante, Director, Finance and Administration CORRECTION Robert J. Reilly, Director, Cooperative Research Programs Neil F. Hawks, Director, Special Programs Jane E. Lappin of the John A. Volpe National Transportation Systems Center should have been credited specifically as a member of the task force that defined, secured, and produced the TR News (ISSN 0738-6826) is issued bimonthly by feature articles for the special issue on Intelligent Transportation Systems (TR News, the Transportation Research Board, National Research Council, 2101 Constitution Avenue, January–February 2002), under a charge from the TRB Committee on Intelligent Trans- NW, Washington, DC 20418. Internet address: portation Systems. This task force included Steven Shladover, Partners for Advanced Transit www.TRB.org. and Highways, as Chair; and William Johnson, Consultant, Ottawa, Canada; and Jane Lappin, Editorial Correspondence: By mail to the Reports Volpe National Transportation Systems Center, as members. Richard J. Weiland, Weiland and Editorial Services Office, Transportation Research Consulting Co., is Chair of the TRB Committee on Intelligent Transportation Systems. Board, 2101 Constitution Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20418, by telephone 202-334-2972, or by fax 202-334-3495.

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The accounts Transportation Research Board, 2101 Constitution of those using these techniques reinforce Avenue, NW,Washington, DC 20418. the critical importance of building an Notice: The opinions expressed in articles appearing informed public consent—not designing in TR News are those of the authors and do not nec- and implementing projects in a vacuum— essarily reflect the views of the Transportation to deliver a transportation system for the Research Board. The Transportation Research Board and TR News do not endorse products of manufactur- 21st century. ers.Trade and manufacturers’ names appear in an arti- Citizen and public agency advisory and policy cle only because they are considered essential to its group helps plan and develop a light rail object. system with the Transit Authority of River Printed in the United States of America. City, Louisville, Kentucky. Copyright © 2002 Transportation Research Board. All rights reserved. TR NEWS 219 MARCH–APRIL 2002 3 Concrete in freeways Michigan’s state network. The preventive maintenance program meets public maintenance program The preventive The strategy combines long-term fixes (recon- In 1991, the Intermodal Surface Transportation In 1991, the Intermodal Surface “Mix of Fixes”Approach Michigan DOT satisfies public expectations by imple- strategy for pavement menting a comprehensive initiated a pavement The Department preservation. in conjunction with maintenance program preventive a pavement management system. In the last decade, have become integral in the Depart- both programs investment decision making. ment’s expectations for safe, smooth, and well-maintained to correct treatments by applying cost-effective roads the problems minor pavement deficiencies before The pavement management system become major. that had focused traditional approaches from departs maintenance and reconstruction. on reactive and struction), medium-term fixes (rehabilitation), Michigan—more than 50 billion annual vehicle-miles Michigan—more of than 4 billion AVMT and more of travel (AVMT) travel. commercial maintenance Act made highway preventive Efficiency Highway eligible for federal-aid funds. The National 1995, System bill, which became law in November mainte- “A preventive the provision: strengthened nance activity shall be eligible for federal assistance…if the state demonstrates to the satisfaction of means that the activity is a cost-effective the Secretary of extending the useful life of a Federal-Aid Highway.” he amount of travel on the Michigan state than more highway system has increased since 1986, yet the number of 30 percent has the traffic lane-miles to support The exclusive purpose of the Michigan Capital In 1992, the Michigan DOT developed a program Lane-Miles To Upkeep Lane-Miles To for a highway network Michigan DOT is responsible of 27,345 lane-miles (44,008 lane-kilometers). The and com- asphalt, concrete, pavements are roadway The state highway posites of asphalt on concrete. lane- of the state’s about 8 percent system represents 55 percent but carries approximately miles of roads travel in of commercial of all travel and 72 percent for Pavement Preventive for Pavement Maintenance “Mix of Fixes” Program Transportation’s Michigan Department of GALEHOUSE LARRY Strategic Planning Strategic increased by only 3 percent. In the early 1990s, 3 percent. by only increased highway network increased, demands on Michigan’s Operating rev- decreased. but the available resources Michigan enues failed to keep pace with needs, and was (DOT) staffing of Transportation Department substantially. reduced pavement and the highway network’s to preserve bridge structures. Department leaders committed Department bridge structures. and themselves to implementing the program for the initiative. and staffing pledged revenues pave- is to preserve Maintenance Program Preventive deteriora- delay future ment and bridge structures, overall conditions cost-effectively tion, and improve pave- focuses on the state’s This article and efficiently. maintenance program. ment preventive T The author is Capital Manager, Preventive Maintenance Michigan Program, Department of Transportation, Lansing. 4 TR NEWS 219 MARCH–APRIL 2002 treatments, preventive maintenance canextendpave- pavement’s life.With service variousshort-term or improve thefunctionalcondition, andextendthe ments toretard ahighway’s deterioration,maintain Preventive maintenanceapplieslower-cost treat- Preventive Maintenance in Figure 2. mance, buttheresults are notoptimal,asillustrated can provide amarginal increase inpavementperfor- bined withareconstruction program, rehabilitation still requires aprohibitive levelofinvestment.Com- bilitation toimprove theoverallnetworkcondition are designedtolast1020years. life.Mostrehabilitationextend theservice projects improve apavement’s load-carryingcapability and Rehabilitation appliesstructuralenhancementsto Rehabilitation remain predominantly inpoorcondition. and preventive maintenanceprograms—the roads term reconstruction strategywithoutrehabilitation Figure 1illustratestheconsequenceofusingalong- reconstruction neglectsthemajorityofnetwork. continual reconstruction ofthehighwaynetwork. sufficient fundstosustainthelevelofinvestmentfor portation agencies,MichiganDOTdoesnothave struction isalsothemostcostlyfix.Liketrans- 20 years.Mostfavorabletothetravelingpublic,recon- a long-termactionthatisdesignedtolastatleast the pavementstructure withanewequivalent— Reconstruction involvesthecompletereplacement of Reconstruction “mix offixes”approach, eachfixcategoryhasacrit- short-term fixes(preventive maintenance).Inthis state highwaynetwork. ical role inimproving thefuture conditionofthe (1997 highwaybudget;projectionsadjustedforinflation). 40-year periodwithfundingof$400millionperyear network underreconstruction-onlystrategyover FIGURE 1ProjectedconditionofMichigan’shighway Percent of Total Network Although lesscostlythanreconstruction, reha- In addition,directing availablefundstohighway 100 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 0 1997 2003200920152021202720332039 orFi Good Fair Poor but routine maintenanceisaholdingaction,main- maximum benefitorreturn oninvestment. can improve thenetworkconditionsignificantlyata mostly ingoodcondition—preventive maintenance right road attherighttime—whenpavementsare ment lifeanaverageof5to10years.Appliedthe lower unitcost. ascertain therighttimetoapplyatreatment toachieve vice lifeoftheoriginalpavement.Thechallengeisto tion orrehabilitation activitiesbyextendingtheser- Preventive maintenancepostponescostlyreconstruc- ing theDepartment tomanagepavementcondition. influential componentofthenetworkstrategy, allow- dominantly goodandfairforthelongterm. Figures 1and2,buttheroadway conditionsare pre- in Figure 3isexactlythesameasforstrategiesin way network,asshowninFigure 3.Thetotalfunding hensive strategyachievesthemostmanageablehigh- Combining allthree programs intoasinglecompre- Combining Components FIGURE 2ProjectedconditionofMichigan’shighway inflation). funding of$400millionperyear(adjustedfor rehabilitation programs(10-to30-yearfixes),at network withcombinedreconstructionand year (adjustedforinflation). (5- to30-yearfixes),atfundingof $400millionper rehabilitation, andpreventivemaintenance programs network withcombinedreconstruction, FIGURE 3ProjectedconditionofMichigan’shighway Percent of Total Network Percent of Total Network Routine maintenanceisimportant forahighway; Preventive maintenanceisperhaps thesinglemost 100 100 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 0 0 1997 2003200920152021202720332039 1997 2003200920152021202720332039 orFi Good Fair Poor orFi Good Fair Poor TR NEWS 219 MARCH–APRIL 2002 5 Chip seal operation pavement addresses on surface defects flexible pavement. Continuous microsurfacing, Continuous Right: : sealant to a flexible pavement. Applying In addition, Governor John Engler obtained a gaso- In addition, Governor John Engler obtained Rating Conditions The rating of pavement conditions on the state- cri- managed highway system is based on standard and friction, ride quality, teria such as distress, collected for the pavement rutting. Detailed data are management system and used by pavement engi- ratings translated into neers, but usually the data are of “good” or “poor” for easier understanding by other Left to high-volume,applied in Michigan, roads flexible-pavement ruts, fills skid improves resistance, surface, retexturizes distortions. and removes 21st Century revised the federal funding formulas, 21st Century revised a much needed revenue and Michigan received increase. transportation the state’s to improve line tax increase system. Michigan DOT leaders have demonstrated by designating a greater commitment to the program mainte- of funds for pavement preventive portion maintenance the pavement preventive nance. Today budget of $60 million, and the has an annual program to $73.5 million in 2003. budget will increase agencies and the public. The pavement preventive maintenance budget The pavement preventive Surface treatments for flexible pavement surfaces for flexible pavement treatments Surface for rigid pavements include full-depth Treatments Established contractors and suppliers were asked Established contractors and suppliers were has increased steadily, reaching $25 million in 1997. reaching steadily, has increased Equity Act for the In 1998, the Transportation Building Up the Budget Since its inception in 1992, the Capital Preventive has had a dedicated budget, Maintenance Program and used for their protected assuring that funds are was the program designated purpose. The first year, funded at $12 million, with $6 million for pavement maintenance and $6 million for bridge preventive federal-aid eligibility, maintenance. With preventive funding obligation was approximately Michigan’s total cost. of the program’s 20 percent Surface Treatments emphasis has the program’s the beginning, From defects caused by pavement surface been on targeting and by deficiencies in materials, the environment caused not on deficiencies in the pavement structure loading. by traffic chip seals, slurry seals, crack include microsurfacing, hot- sealing, 3/4-inch (20-mm) overlays of ultrathin asphalt mix asphalt, and 1.5-inch (40-mm) hot-mix to overlays. In some situations, it was cost-effective pavement sections by cold- curb and gutter treat with a 1.5-inch hot-mix milling and resurfacing asphalt overlay. dowel- joint resealing, pavement repairs, concrete crack sealing, and minor spall repair, bar retrofits, replace- and the removal diamond grinding. Later, shoulders (less than 1 bituminous ment of narrow added as acceptable treatments. meter) were taining the servicetaining the the pave- without extending level the will not improve ment life. Routine maintenance a highway network. overall condition of Partnerships for Training techniques and repair treatments Many of the surface at first not familiar were adopted for the new program For example, microsur- to Michigan DOT personnel. only to a limited number of facing had been applied 1992, and the benefits before locations in Michigan did the Department not well known. Similarly, were with not have working knowledge and experience repairs. kinds of concrete chip seals and certain Depart- to develop training workshops to educate The ment personnel about the new treatments. popular and successful. The workshops have proved with contractors and suppliers training partnership has continued and has contributed to improvements and materials. in products 6 TR NEWS 219 MARCH–APRIL 2002 cement concrete pavement. Resealing jointsonportland quality ofconcrete road surfaces. Diamond grindingimproves ride slab toanother. allowing loadtransfer from one faulting inrigidpavements, Dowel-bar retrofit eliminates fromClockwise above: cific 10-yearconditiongoal—tohave95percent of State Transportation Commissionestablished aspe- the nonfreeways were ingoodcondition.In1997,the 79 percent ofMichigan’s freeways and56percent of two-lane roads. highways thatare notlimited-access,includingall ways. Nonfreeways represented alloftheremaining highways, aswellotherlimited-accessstatehigh- and nonfreeways. Freeways referred toallInterstate public, officials madeadistinctionbetweenfreeways with reconstruction andrehabilitation produces dra- casting modelhasproved aninvaluabletool. conditions atdifferent levelsofinvestment.Thefore- ment managementsystemtopredict future network which usescurrent condition datafrom thepave- DOT relies ontheRoadQualityForecasting System, ing theoutcomeofamix-of-fixesstrategy, Michigan funds tomeetnetworkconditionneeds.Inestimat- The mix-of-fixesapproach helpsoptimizeavailable Optimizing Funds with aggressive preventive maintenance. highways byrehabilitation, andthegoodhighways worst highwaysthrough reconstruction, the poor preventive maintenance.Theapproach addresses the tiered program ofreconstruction, rehabilitation, and dition by2007. freeways and85percent ofnonfreeways ingoodcon- Pavement conditiondatafor1996indicatedthat In explainingtheMichiganRoadStrategyto Integrating pavementpreventive maintenance The onlyviablestrategywastoimplementathree- funding allocations. maintenance isamanagementtoolthatoptimizes than aprogram ofshort-term treatments, preventive means toimprove overallpavementcondition.More preventive maintenanceistheonlycost-effective most skepticaltraditionalistsoonrecognizes that matic results inthenetwork’s condition.Eventhe ing are required—an unpopularalternativeforthe overall maintenance.First,large fluctuationsinfund- rehabilitation andreconstruction. remaining, thepavementsare candidatesonlyfor approaches noremaining life.With life noservice nificant future problem whenthelargest group tribution ofremaining liferepresents service asig- implement amix-of-fixesstrategy. Theunequaldis- vice lifeofatypicalpavementnetworkthatfailedto The barchart inFigure 4showstheremaining ser- Life Balancing Service ensure manageable workloadsatavailablefunding. the remaining lifeofthenetworkpavementswill management problem develops(Figure 5).Balancing treatments canbalanceprojected workloadsbefore a remaining lives,preventive service maintenance large concentrationsofpavementswithsimilar of apavement’s remaining life.Bytargeting service business. light workloadscanforce manycontractorsoutof place. Years ofheavyworkloadsfollowedbyyears a stablesource inthemarket- ofworktosurvive organization. Finally, contractorsandsuppliersneed workloads changehurts employeesanddisruptsthe The practiceofhiringandlayingoff personnelas problems forthehighwayagencyandcontractor. ties from yeartocreates staffing andlogistical public. Second,thevariationinconstructionactivi- roadways. fixes strategy,basedoncurrent condition of typical pavementnetworkmaintained withoutmix-of- FIGURE 4Remainingservice-life distributionof Percent of Network Pavement 10 20 30 40 50 Large surges inconstructioncanbedevastatingto Preventive maintenance canalterthedistribution 0 (0–2) 19% I Pavement RemainingServiceLifeCategories (3–7) 10% II (8–12) III 40% (Years) (13–17) IV 8% (18–22) V 6% (23–27) 17% VI TR NEWS 219 MARCH–APRIL 2002 7 Life Extension PMS Data Point Time (Years) After the data analysis, the field phase begins. A After the data analysis, the field phase begins. the life- a simplified depiction of 6 provides Figure Fair Very Very Poor FIGURE 6 Life-extending benefit of preventive maintenance treatment. Department gains an opportunity to make midcourse gains an opportunity Department adjustments become neces- if program corrections also emphasizes the But the call for projects sary. maintenance will improve principle that preventive condition pavement network’s the overall highway cost-effectively. Evaluating Performance is maintenance preventive The value of pavement of the treatments—the to the performance anchored last but the life- the treatments key is not how long Michigan to the pavement. extending value imparted value of the DOT annually assesses the life-extending A team of independent engi- treatments. different pave- neers, experienced and knowledgeable about the evaluations. ments, performs Data Analysis and Field Tests that are The evaluations concentrate on treatments a field investigation of the several years old. Before including details information is gathered, treatment, about the original pavement section, construction counts, and traffic historical and current history, data. The pavement management system condition and rutting ride quality, condition data on distress, and include the years preced- primary interest of are application. ing and following the treatment chosen to pro- number of segments are representative con- vide an accurate assessment of pavement surface 0.1 mile (160 meters) dition. Each segment measures surveyed in length. All of the selected segments are and severity of each type of and the extent carefully devel- curves Performance are recorded. are distress is oped, and the life-extending value of the treatment extracted for each project. a The graph shows extending benefit of a treatment. typical deterioration curve interrupted when a pre- a pave- is applied to ventive maintenance treatment maintenance ment in good condition. The preventive Good Good Good VI 20% (23–27) 17% V (18–22) 20% IV (13–17) (Years) 19% III (8–12) II 14% (3–7) Pavement Remaining Service Life Categories Pavement Remaining Service I 10% (0–2)

The annual call for projects assures that the pro- assures The annual call for projects Michigan DOT’s seven regional offices are using are offices seven regional Michigan DOT’s In addition, the survey collects ride quality and 50 40 30 20 10 Percent of Network Pavement Network of Percent FIGURE 5 Remaining service-life distribution of FIGURE 5 Remaining service-life distribution pavement network that incorporates preventive maintenance approach. grams are consistent with the state’s long-range plan consistent with the state’s grams are The Program. Improvement and its Transportation the pavement condition data to create long-term the pavement condition data to create to achieve the State Trans- strategies and projects 10-year condition goal. Each Commission’s portation on the Road Quality Fore- strategy relies region’s needs and variability casting System to recognize within assigned budget targets. Call for Projects annually issues a call for projects, The Department candidate projects to introduce allowing the regions recon- involving and bridges. Projects for roads planned for five years are struction and rehabilitation construction season, new At the end of each away. supply and rehabilitation for reconstruction projects maintenance projects Preventive the next fifth year. because the identified only for one year away, are early pavement deficiencies must address projects become serious. the problems on, before rut measurements for the pavement management rut measurements with historical compared system. The new data are pavement conditions in terms future data to forecast service life. of remaining Managing the Process Managing Data Collection collected for Every year pavement condition data are so that the half of the Michigan highway network, network is surveyed every two years, and the entire survey The by collects information cycle repeats. of all dis- a record videotaping one lane, providing is The videotape surface. in the pavement tress segments, tagged by location and analyzed in 10-foot index number with each segment assigned a distress level of severity. with the that increases improves the condition for a period, until the pave- on the pavement’s rate of deterioration. Pavement ment returns to the condition before the treatment. condition is possibly the most important factor in The time the pavement condition was improved by the achieving the maximum benefit from a preventive treatment is the life extension given to the original maintenance treatment. pavement, or the extended service life. An engineer should evaluate a highway like a doc- The pavement management system’s measure- tor diagnosing a patient—each patient has different ments of pavement condition over a period of time physical traits, and the doctor prescribes a medica- before and after the application of preventive main- tion to fit the particular individual. Similarly, the tenance makes it possible to determine the extended engineer must select a preventive maintenance treat- service life of a treatment. ment that fits the unique condition of the pavement. Michigan DOT prescribes treatments according Prescribing Treatments to pavement condition measures, not by schedules Although evaluations continue, the extended service for timely applications. The likely gains in extended life of a preventive maintenance treatment depends service life from various treatments applied to different types of pavement are indicated in Table 1. TABLE 1 Extended Service Life Gains for Preventive Maintenance Treatments Consolidating Gains Extended Service The mix-of-fixes approach provides the greatest Treatment Pavement Type Life (years)a flexibility to the highway agency in enhancing Overband crack fillling Flexible Up to 2 pavement performance, with a three-tier program of Composite Up to 2 reconstruction, rehabilitation, and preventive main- Crack sealing Flexible Up to 3 tenance. An agency can address the worst highways Composite Up to 3 through reconstruction, improve poor highways by Rigid Up to 3 rehabilitation, and preserve good highways with Single chip seal Flexible 3 to 6 timely preventive maintenance. Preventive mainte- Composite N/Ab nance can improve pavement performance cost- Double chip seal Flexible 4 to 7 effectively and efficiently, as measured by such Composite 3 to 6 attributes as ride quality, safety, and remaining Slurry seal Flexible N/Ab service life. Composite N/Ab In Michigan, pavement preventive maintenance is now integrated into a strategy designed to meet Microsurfacing (single course) Flexible 3 to 5c Composite N/Ab long-term pavement condition goals. Funding for the pavement preventive maintenance program has Microsurfacing (multiple course) Flexible 4 to 6c grown steadily from $6 million to $73.5 million Composite N/Ab annually. The performance of the preventive main- c Ultrathin hot-mix asphalt, Flexible 3 to 5 tenance treatments and the extension of service life .75-in. (20-mm) overlay Composite 3 to 5c imparted to the original pavements are evaluated Hot-mix asphalt, Flexible 5 to 10 regularly. 1.5-in. (40-mm) overlay Composite 4 to 9 Michigan DOT has a strong partnering relation- Hot-mix asphalt, 1.5-in (40-mm) Flexible 5 to 10 ship with preventive maintenance contractors and mill and overlay Composite 4 to 9 suppliers for improving products and materials. As Joint resealing Rigid 3 to 5 a result, even better-performing treatments are Spall repair Rigid Up to 5 expected in the future. Full-depth concrete repairs Rigid 3 to 10 Diamond grinding Rigid 3 to 5c Resources Asset Management Primer. Federal Highway Administration, Dowel-bar retrofit Rigid 2 to 3c December 1999. c Concrete pavement restoration Rigid 7 to 15 Five-Year Road and Bridge Program, Volume III: 2001 to 2005. Michigan Department of Transportation, January 2001. NOTES a Good News from MDOT: A Progress Report from the Michigan The time range is the expected life-extending benefit given to the pavement, not Department of Transportation. Michigan Department of the anticipated longevity of the treatment. Transportation, December 2000. b Sufficient data are not available to determine life-extending value. c Additional information is necessary to quantify the extended life more accurately. TR NEWS 219 MARCH–APRIL 2002 9 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 “The funding commitment was substantial,” In early 1998, the Arkansas Highway Commis- 0 50 300 250 200 150 100 Flowers notes. “The Department recognized that it recognized Flowers notes. “The Department needed to go to a higher level and involve the gover- FIGURE 2 IRP miles under construction,Average per year, 2000–2005. FIGURE 1 Roadways included in FIGURE 1 Roadways Arkansas’ Interstate (IRP). Rehabilitation Program with much of the financial burden on the proprietor, on with much of the financial burden the state of Arkansas. sion began exploring the use of Grant Anticipation bonds for the rehabilita- (GARVEE) Revenue Vehicle with future The bonds may be retired tion program. pay later” anticipated federal funds in a “buy now, payment arrangement. he Arkansas State Highway and Trans- (AHTD) has taken Department portation to rehabilitating an innovative approach Interstate highways. When the program Most of the program’s individual components individual Most of the program’s Flowers explains why a quick fix was not an “We started where everyone to begin—with seems where started “We financial constraints,” recalls AHTD Director Dan AHTD Director financial constraints,” recalls Flowers. for and devel- “Then we moved to searching Along the oping long-term methods for rehabilitation. com- of widespread the importance we discovered way, in and best practices munications. Combining research is innovative in itself.” program into one several areas but combining them under may not be new, (IRP) Arkansas’ Interstate Rehabilitation Program has produced Highway officials unique results. incorporating innovation— crafted an approach down into elements and the program breaking with each element in its own framework addressing the IRP has established best practices. As a result, planning, stimulated innovative thinking, research, and implementation that have made the Arkansas a national model. approach option: was going to take a lot of cre- “This problem cooperation and ative thought with participation and state gov- including federal several groups, from con- ernments, as well as the consulting community, all the research where tractors, and the public—that’s Interstates were in poor condition—patching and spot in poor condition—patching Interstates were began, more than 60 percent of the state’s 35-year-old of the state’s percent than 60 began, more the uneven seams. overlays could no longer repair Creative Financing Creative the first and most challenging Funding presented original 542-mile obstacle. The cost for the state’s Interstate system was $837 million, with much of the the federal government. The cost of funding from of those miles 69 percent approximately repairing 1, 2) was estimated at $950 million, today (Figures Rehabilitation Program Rehabilitation and a Planning, Research, of Innovation Healthy Dose WILSON FARRELL Arkansas’ Interstate Arkansas’ and homework paid off.” T The author is Special Coordinator, Projects Office, Public Affairs Arkansas State Highway and Transportation Department, Little Rock. 10 TR NEWS 219 MARCH–APRIL 2002 around awork zone. FIGURE 3Guidingtraffic itive ornegotiatedsaleisappropriate. successive bondsaletodeterminewhetheracompet- tiyear program, theCommissionwillevaluateeach was acompetitivesale;however, throughout themul- $575 millioninGARVEE bonds.Theinitialbondissue IRP authorizedtheHighwayCommissiontosellup whelmingly,by a mar states, votersapproved thebondprogram over- agenda forstateinfrastructure androadways. and madeInterstaterehabilitation amajorpart of his approval. Thegovernorcampaignedfortheprogram mission tosellGARVEE bondssubjecttovoters’ years. LegislatorsalsoauthorizedtheHighwayCom- over three yearsanddieseltaxesof4centsovertwo ture passedphased-inincreases fora3-centgastax get theseroads rebuilt asrapidlypossible.” voters. We determinedtomakeafull-court press to nor, thestatelegislature, andmostlikelytheArkansas a baseforhot-mixasphaltoverlay. PCC pavementinto2-to6-inchpiecesthatbecome This constructiontechniquebreaks deteriorating identified arehabilitation solution—rubblization. outcomes inafewrecent projects, AHTDofficials research anddrawingonpastexperiencepositive and becauseofanunstablebase. riorate becauseofincreases intraffic andheavyloads concrete (PCC)roadways, whichcontinuedtodete- past decadetopatchandoverlaytheportland cement thick? Thestatehadspentmillionsofdollarsinthe structed ofreinforced, jointedconcrete 9to10inches the bestwaytorepair anInterstatesystemcon- safely formotoristsandconstructioncrews. Whatis coordinate rebuilding plansquickly, efficiently, and With fundingestablished,AHTDengineersworkedto Well-Researched Methods asphalt overlay, negativelyaffecting performance. joints, andotherdefectswillreflect through the crushed PCCbasereduces thechancethatcracks, need toberemoved toanothersite.Moreover, the and planning.Debrisunusedmaterialdonot a characteristicofbestpracticesinproject assessment Well aware ofthepoorconditionInter- In 1999,withthegovernor’s support, thelegisla- Rubblization alsosavestimeandmoney—always Examining theresults ofbothstateandnational “Rubblization makesthebaseintoaninterlocked gin of4to1.Thevoter-approved hot mix(ACHM). and becomesthebedfor layers ofasphalticconcrete roller whichiscompressed withvibratory to rubble, resonant breaker headreduces oldconcrete surface Rubblizing allows reuse ofdeterioratingpavement: placed barrels andarrow signs. the leftandthengraduallymovedwithstrategically lane inadirection atatime;traffic isdiverted first to 1,500 feetbefore thelaneclosure. Crews workone before theworkzone,with“Merge Now”reminders act accordingly tomaximizetraffic flow. ognize whattodowhenapproaching workzonesand closed (Figure 3).Asaresult, motoristsquicklyrec- merges totheleftlane,withrightlaneinitially arranged thesameway—sothatapproaching traffic InterstateworkzonefortheprojectNearly every is Setting uptheworkzonesalsorequired innovations. WorkSetting Up Zones 1 mileawayandenforceable “NoPassingZones” matrix ofpiecesastheconcrete breaks up,”explains added totheprogram’s success,”Walters observes. a newstate-of-the-art also materialstestinglaboratory practices. found payoffs inresearch andinreviewing improved and smoothingthesurface. Foreachstep,AHTD rolling therubblizedsurface, pavingoroverlaying, up theworkzone,installingunderdrains, rubblizing, together.” much likeajigsawpuzzlewithbroken piecesfitting AHTD ChiefEngineerBobWalters. “Itfunctions rutting hasensured thehighest-qualityproduct.” “Persistent testingoftheasphaltmixtominimize “Merge Left”warningsignsare placed2miles “Developing extensivequalitycontrol methodsin The six-steprehabilitation process includessetting TR NEWS 219 MARCH–APRIL 2002 11 little” or “none.” The other important finding little” or “none.” The other important “Having a communications partner to plan, guide, “Having a communications partner survey, The communications firm began with a representatives members included Advisory board However, rubblization was not the answer to all of rubblization However, How can the message reach such a diverse audi- How can the message reach of municipal, the help of an advisory board With “ Excellence in Communications this massive communicate with the public about To again to a best-practice model. AHTD turned project, hiring a The highway commissioners decided that as would extend resources communications expert A full-service expertise. marketing well as ensure on board and business communications firm came early in the planning. and media and implement the huge public education component of this campaign was a must,” relations Flowers observes. of the overall program “This part for other states.” model is another sure level of discovering that the public rated its own most often knowledge about the upcoming project as that offers format for its creative national awards information and safety tips, and for its innovative audiences. methods of reaching as the Arkansas State such diverse groups from Asso- the Arkansas Trucking Chamber of Commerce, ciation, and the travel and tourism sectors. The board input but also distributed members not only provided the messages to their constituencies and beyond publications and presentations. through states were built. Rumble strips, reflective pavement reflective built. Rumble strips, states were be visible under rainy condi- striping designed to the new have brought tions, and plowable reflectors best practices. in line with current roadways needs. In many rehabilitation Arkansas’ Interstate conditions necessitated locations, the subsurface or a complete reconstruction either a full-depth was reconstruction Concrete of the roadway. redesign has played a key research the best solution. Because and materials the best processes in determining role on the drivers in Arkansas are conditions, for different way to smoother motoring. was that most of the respondents constituted what was that most of the respondents communicators term a nontraditional professional audience. those how can the message reach ence? Moreover, unexpectedly who suddenly and on the road already encounter a construction zone? The challenge was twofold: how to communicate with an audience plan- en route. those already ning a trip and how to reach management, and business emergency hospitality, and the staff the state, AHTD around leaders from media consultant developed a multilevel campaign called “Pave the Way.” The campaign has received In addition, use of stringline was found to be incentives smoothness AHTD contracts also offer safety mea- AHTD also has incorporated roadway To make sure that the taxpayers who voted to that the taxpayers make sure To Arkansas road work crews use stringline to double- crews work Arkansas road check thickness, grade, of and slope of the laydown base course—of ACHM.coarse first layer—or Each crushed aggregate. finely uses more layer successive in ensuring successful paving. When crews important the PCC and then rubblize, the old PCC profile based Stringline profiles expands, but not uniformly. the proper do not provide on the old PCC profile AHTD found the thickness for the new surface. answer in a base-mix formula of a 1.5-inch top-size a binder mix a state quarry, from aggregate virgin mix of a 0.5-inch with a 1-inch top size, and a surface set up close plants often are asphalt top size. Portable to a job and the asphalt may be compacted with two double-drum vibratory rollers. and disincentives of up to 4 percent of up to 3 percent measuring the accumulation of cost by of the surface Contractors use a profilograph irregularities. surface but on every lift. not only on the finished surface to be dealt early, areas This identifies any problem with immediately. Inter- not available when the original that were sures Lessons Learned was learned in rubblization,” On the list of “what subsurface attention to renewed AHTD included the the underdrain have revised drainage. AHTD engineers inspec- materials and design and have instituted video A dry that the system functions properly. tion to ensure performance. pavement base material has improved the roll AHTD also has specified that contractors must to with a 10-ton vibratory roller rubblized surfaces consolidate the rubblized PCC for paving. support the program—and who negotiate the bar- who negotiate program—and the support sites—are the Interstate rehabilitation around rels AHTD asked con- product, pleased with the final practices and improved tractors to help identify develop new ones. by temperature fluctuations. is preventing problems caused andinspection design, materials, attention tounderdrain renewed into pavement layers; and remove waterthatsoaks edge oftheInterstatecollect Drainage pipesinstalledalong 12 TR NEWS 219 MARCH–APRIL 2002 of whattoexpectontheInterstate. of eightPavetheWay HARstationsforanoverview On,” andinformsdriverstotunethecarradioone motorists safelyontheirway. der firstaidare allapart ofkeepingInterstate change tires, restart vehicles,extinguishfires, orren- motorists callforhelp,arrangeatow, replenish fuel, way tokeeptraffic flowing.Helpingstranded function, movingdisabledvehiclessafelyoff theroad- Assistance Patrol performs afrontline publicrelations “There’s aWholeLotofPavingGoing announces, statewide networkof12-by-24-footroadside signs tems reports ofreal-time conditionsviaAMradio.A sory radio(HAR),andintelligenttransportation sys- electronic andstandard roadside signs,highwayadvi- motorists already behindthewheelwithradiospots, Humorous radiospotsalsohaveattractedinterest. through brochures, posters,andcollateralmaterials. distribute theinformationandkeepcontactsinformed partners intheAHTDPaveWay advocacyteam sory Board, Tourist InformationCenters,andother via faxore-mailtoallwhorequest it.TheIRPAdvi- updates andphotos. room themediawitheasy-to-access pageserves articles, logos,andgraphics.Aregularly updatedpress als, web-linkgraphics,andready-to-use newsletter resource centerwitheverythingfrom printedmateri- cating activeconstructionzonesandlaneclosures. between majorcities,aswellprintablemapsindi- website offers informationsuchasrecent traveltimes (www.ArkansasInterstates.com). Theuser-friendly or seekingthemostup-to-dateroadway information navigating workzones;hoursahead—bylearning seconds andminutesahead—whenapproaching and Ahead.” Thecampaignencouragesdriverstothink information withanemphaticsubthemeof“Think readers. largest newspaper, whichhasacirculation of189,000 statewide, withmore than21IRPstoriesin Arkansas’ campaign’s launchinApril2001includethefollowing: involvement; thereports onmediacoveragesincethe and isvitaltoresearch. Theconsultanttracksallmedia Documenting results isoneofAHTD’s bestpractices Accolades andKudos ahead—to someofthebestInterstatesincountry. about constructionlocationsbefore traveling;andyears In heavilypopulatedareas, AHTD’s roving Motorist The publicinformationcampaignreaches An electronic newsletterissentouteverymonth Users alsocandownloadinformationfrom a A websitewasdevelopedfordriversplanningatrip practicalsafety The campaignmessageinterweaves ◆ More than2,500inchesofprintinnewspapers National SafetyCouncil; portation BuildersAssociation(ARTBA) andthe Awareness Award from theAmericanRoadandTrans- Arkansas Broadcasters Association’s Nonsustaining partners, including thewebsitesoftelevisionstations. Way website. publications, from Interstate Update tion zones. Pave theWay campaigntotheopeningofconstruc- statewide withstoriesrangingfrom thelaunchof 501-569-2227. com) orcontacttheAHTDPublic Affairs Office, paign, visitthewebsite(www.ArkansasInterstates. about theArkansasIRPor PaveTheWay cam- gained from theprogram. Formore information AHTD officials are eagertoshare theknowledge FHWA ofanationalconference onrubblization, other statesandwithexperienceascosponsor department communications. Way as the“bestofbest”nationwideinhighway dent’s Award forHighwaySafetyrecognized Pavethe Presi- campaigns. InDecember2001,theAASHTO America inthecategoryofstatewidepublicaffairs Prism Award from thePublicRelationsSocietyof tional AssociationofBusinessCommunicatorsanda Bronze QuillAward ofExcellencefrom theInterna- tion industrycontests:PavetheWay hasreceived a struction Award. lication sponsored byYahoo! Groups; and Communications Newsletter radioannouncements; service Transportation Officials (AASHTO)forthree public- the AmericanAssociationofStateHighwayand received suchnationalrecognition as oriented. Thecampaignanditscomponentshave the program isprogressive, innovative,andresults- Commercial AnnouncementProgram. tronic Newsletter ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ With requests forassistancecontinuing from The campaignalsofared wellinnontransporta- National andregional awards haveconfirmedthat An InternationalRoadwayWork ZoneSafety Favorable airingofradiospotsthrough the Many websitestoriesandlinkstoinformation More than90,000visitstotheAHTDPave More than260inchesofcoverageinspecialty More than4,000subscriberstothemonthly More than1houroftelevisioncoverage ARTBA’s annualPrideinTransportation Con- Website oftheDaychosenby A first-placePublicAffairs SkillsAward from . electronic newsletter. The Trucker , anationalelectronic pub- to the Governor’s Elec- Transportation 2002TRB Annual Meeting Highlights

The 81st Annual Meeting of the Trans- portation Research Board, January 13–17, 2002, in Wash- ington, D.C., attracted more than 9,000 participants from the United States and abroad, including transportation researchers, practitioners, and administrators representing government, industry, and academia. There were more than 500 sessions, 250 TRB committee meetings, and 1,900 speakers. In addition, more than 50 program events convened on the weekend preceding the start of the formal Annual Meeting sessions. To present the government’s response to the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, the U.S. Department of Transportation conducted a special session, Spotlight on Security and Recovery. The session addressed the issues of security, preparedness, and recovery across modes, including the steps taken during and immediately after the events of September 11, actions under way, and what the future may hold.This special session set the context for more than 25 other sessions and workshops specifically addressing transportation security.More details and TR NEWS 219 MARCH–APRIL 2002 program highlights appear on the following pages.

13 14 TR NEWS 219 MARCH–APRIL 2002 Transportation SystemsCase.” Intelligent Machine Interaction:The presents “A Personal Perspective onHuman- Inc., TechnicalAmerica, CenterNorth Nissan Transportation SystemsResearch, Intelligent Director, Hiroshi Tsuda, Luncheon, TransportationAnnual 35th Workshop Standing Committee on Research and the Research Advisory Committee(SCOR-RAC).Standing CommitteeonResearchAdvisory andtheResearch AASHTO greet eachotherattheJoint Meetingofthe and FHWA, Techonology, Development, Director ofResearch, andDennisJudycki, Transportation Department; From left: Above: Annual Meetingphotography by CableRisdon Photography. 2002 At theHumanFactorsin .I aGliry oaDT ai lrgt New MexicoStateHighway and Albright, David Iowa DOT; MacGillivray, I. C. Highlights TRB AnnualMeeting sessions. breakout Workshop Human Factors one ofthe solutions during potential and assessment, its distraction, discusses driver University, Drexel Dario Salvucci, OFF TOA GOODSTART HS;adKtrnLsyTeo,NETS. Lusby-Trebor, andKathryn NHTSA; MichaelPerel, NHTSA; ChristopherMonk, Inc.; Westat, NeilLerner, Essie NHTSA; Wagner, Akron; University of Harvey Sterns, consultant; Jerry The Wachtel, Richard Schwab, Veridian Group; Administration; Federal Railroad Raslear, Baltimore ofPlanning;Thomas CityDepartment Peggy Drake, Administration; Maritime AlexanderLandsburg, TRB; Richard Pain, Ohio University; The HumanFactorsin Transportation ( Workshop planningcommittee: Division A, TRB; and Harold (Skip) Paul, Louisiana DOT, outgoing Chair, Division A Council. Division outgoing Chair, LouisianaDOT, andHarold (Skip)Paul, TRB; A, Division Director, MarkNorman, TRBExecutive Jr., Director; Skinner, E. Robert Activities) Council; Panel membersatthe Welcome Session—aprogram thatprovides anoverview of TRB, ( followed by aninformalincluding therole reception— of TRB incareer development, from left ): Anne Canby, Cambridge Systematics, incoming Chair, Division A (Technical Division incomingChair, CambridgeSystematics, AnneCanby, ): meeting attendees. addresses SCOR-RAC Committee, Advisory Research AASHTO Chair, SouthDakota DOT, David Huft, from left ) Helmut Zwahlen, TR NEWS 219 MARCH–APRIL 2002 15 Joseph Breen,Joseph TRB; Michael Bronzini, George Mason Arrigo Mongini,Arrigo Railroad Federal Administration, poses a on Railroad question to the panel members of workshop Planning. and Corridor Capacity McKelvey has been active in TRB since the late 1970s.He in has been active served as McKelvey A registered professional engineer in several states, engineer in several professional A registered he is a charter the that recognizes award is an annual The Distinguished Lectureship From left: From University, Chair, 1, Group Division A Council; McKelvey; M. John Samuels, Chairman, outgoing Committee, TRB Executive Norfolk Southern Corporation; and Robert E. Skinner, Jr., TRB Executive Director. in 1974 and spent his academic career there,in 1974 and spent his academic career in 2000. retiring He cur- independent consultant in airport is an design and a senior avia- rently Reynolds,tion consultant for Smith and Hills, Inc. chairman and member of the Committee on the State Role in Air Trans- the State Role in chairman and member of the Committee on Air port, Relations in the committee on Intergovernmental Aviation, and the on Public- program the Graduate Research Selection Panel for Award Sector Issues.Aviation was a member of the Airport Capac- McKelvey ity Study Committee and also served on the standing Committees on Training, Education and Transportation AirportOperations, Landside Compatibility. and Aircraft–Airport member of the Michigan Hall of Fame and a member of the engi- Aviation Beta Pi.In 2001,Tau neering honor societies Chi Epsilon and he received Division of the Transport the the Robert from Horonjeff Air Award American Society of Civil Engineers. areas of an individual in one of five and achievements contributions career Activities Division.Honorees the provided are Technical TRB’s by covered of their technical area,opportunity an overview to present including its evolution, status, present the future. for and prospects . In his 40-year career as teacher, career In his 40-year National Air Transportation System: Transportation National Air The Past, the Present, Future,” and the on January 14. Francis X. McKelvey, in who retired Emeritus of Civil and 2000 as Professor Engineering at Michigan Environmental State University, the eleventh delivered Distin- Board Research Transportation guished Lecture,“A on Our Perspective researcher, and author, has McKelvey on the planning and design of focused airports. than 25 years, more For he taught courses in airport engineering at ): Gale Page, Florida DOT; Michael Bronzini, Planning and Design of Airports Planning and Design of from left from McKelvey conducted research and special studies for the Federal and special studies for conducted research McKelvey on airport needs and Congress capacity has testified before McKelvey A graduate of Manhattan College with a bachelor’s degree in civil engi- in degree A graduate of Manhattan College with a bachelor’s Francis X. McKelvey, Profes- sor Emeritus, Michigan State University, the 2002 delivers TRB Distinguished Lecture. DISTINGUISHED LECTURE on Perspectives Presents McKelvey Air Transportation System Michigan State University, exciting students about airports and airport- careers;related become leaders in air trans- of his students have many the world. portation engineering around Aviation and Administration on the planning and design of terminal access systems at airports;heground also served as a consultant on many projects.airport improvement included have interests Other research persons with limited mobility,transportation and for the elderly for public transportation, safety. and highway of airport systems. on the development has advised other countires He is coauthor, with the late Robert Horonjeff, and fourth edi- of the third tions of the authoritative New neering, in civil engineering from degree a master’s earned McKelvey and a Ph.D. University Pennsyl- in transportation engineering from York vania State University.He joined the faculty of Michigan State University 2002 Division A Council ( George Mason University; Anne Canby, Cambridge Systematics, Chair; Bruce Smith,Transportation Apperson Crump & Maxwell;Turnbull,Texas Katherine Institute; Upchurch, and Jonathan of Massachusetts. University 2002TRB Annual Meeting Highlights SPOTLIGHT ON SECURITY AND RECOVERY

he 81st Annual Meeting’s “Spotlight on Security and Recov- Deputy Secretary of Transportation Michael P. Jackson presided at ery” offered more than 25 events addressing the full range the keystone of the theme sessions, Session 148, which featured pre- T of transportation security and critical infrastructure protec- sentations by each of the administrators of the U.S. DOT operating tion issues. Beginning with a workshop on “Critical Infrastructure agencies and was broadcast on the C-SPAN cable television network. Protection: A National Priority,” on January 13, the meeting sessions The administrators summarized the most critical security concerns examined vulnerability and risk assessment, preparedness, response, facing their agencies. They described actions that have been taken or prevention, technology, procedures and applications, as well as the are planned to address those concerns; summarized steps taken dur- integration of security considerations into the planning and opera- ing and immediately after the September 11 terrorist attacks; provided tion of the nation’s transportation system. information on federal assistance programs and guidance for enhanc-

At the session on Security in the Nation’s Ports Panel member Stephen Flynn, U.S. Edward Fraga, Gartner, listens to and on the Waterways, Captain Anthony Coast Guard Academy, in session on question posed at session on Critical Regalbuto, U.S. Coast Guard, tells of specific the Challenges and Impact of Issues in Information Security: When security challenges and how they can be tackled. Increased Border Security on Trade Does Sharing Data and Information and Transportation. Become a Security Risk? Attendance was high at security sessions. Below: Members of the panel on Right: session Security Within the Nation’s on Railroad Aviation System (from left): Security. Anthony Vacchione, Skidmore, Owings &Merrill Architects; Saleh Mumayiz, The MITRE Corporation, presiding; James Wilding, Metropolitan Washington Airports Authority; Billie Vincent, Aerospace Services International, Inc.; James Underwood, U.S. DOT; and Paul Busick, FAA. Incident Management, a workshop sponsored by the Committee on Freeway Operations, dealt with important issues regarding successful management of traffic incidents. Captain Ed Blunt (left), Arlington Fire, EMS, participates. TR NEWS 219 MARCH–APRIL 2002 16 TR NEWS 219 MARCH–APRIL 2002 17 Magaw served in the Secret Service served in the Secret 26 years for Magaw trans- changes the way fundamentally ATSA emphasizes the importance of security ATSA of critical assets protection Infrastructure John W.Magaw, of the Secret Director former John Sec- is a superb appointment,” Magaw “John TSA call 866-289-9673 furtherFor on information retary Mineta said.“He brings decades of wisdom, experience,Trans- and leadership to our new portation Security Administration.” in 1992.and was named director He headed the of Bureau Alcohol, Tobacco, from and Firearms 1993 to 1999.Most recently, he held a senior posi- Emergency Management tion at the Federal Agency. portation and man- security will be performed aged in the United States.The growth continued transportation,of commercial tourism, and the appli- the effective depends on economy world cation of transportation not security measures those motivated by from to counter threats only political or social concerns but also to prevent other criminal acts. infra- of transportation all forms for and related elements.structure partnerships This requires among federal, state, offi- and local government cials, vulnera- and the private sector to reduce bilities and to adopt best practices. 10,000 Federal than such as pipelines and more Aviation Administration facilities is another key TSA.mission of Along with rail and highway bridges, critical to other national assets are many our economic and national security and vital for of passengers and seamless movement the free the country. throughout and goods New Unit To Focus on Focus To Unit New Security Transportation 19,On November 2001, George President W. Trans- the and Bush signed into law Aviation establishing a new portation Security Act (ATSA) Security Administration (TSA) Transportation within the U.S.Transportation. Department of also defines a series of challenging law The new importantbut critically achieving milestones for travel. air secure Service,Trans- Under Secretary of was appointed portation Security in January for and will head TSA.One oversee of his principal tasks will be to security of new and deployment the development equipment at airports. or visit www.tsa.dot.gov/. ) Bill Quade; John from left from John Vickerman, TranSystems Vickerman,John TranSystems Corporation, funding critical marine options for presents needs at the transportation system research on Outlining a Research workshop Agenda System and Transportation the Marine for SEA-21. continued on page 18 Jane F. Garvey, Federal Aviation Federal Garvey, Jane F. ing security at the state and local levels; at the state and local ing security for research and identified opportunities practices and of security in the areas incident preparedness, technology, and recovery. response, and focused on airport Administrator, A panel of three aviation security issues. James M. Loy, administrators—Admiral U.S. Coast Guard; Commandant of the Deputy Mar- Bruce J. Carlton, Acting itime Administrator; and Joseph M. estab- Clapp, who heads the recently lished Federal Motor Carrier Safety security Administration—addressed and borders nation’s to the issues relating Domestic security was points of entry. by Mary E. Peters, the focus of remarks Allen, Battelle, presiding; Fritz Wybenga, RSPA; Cherry Management and Command, Traffic Burke; security threats, defined and William Lucas, discussed potential Military to mitigation,approaches technology solutions. are and examined whether there Security for Transportation of Hazardous Materials panelists ( of Hazardous Transportation Security for James O’Donnell, New York City Metropolitan Transportation Authority Police Transportation City Metropolitan James O’Donnell,York New Department, rail security. on commuter lectures Paul Lennon, Los Angeles County Authority,L. Transportation Jennifer and Dorn, Metropolitan Administrator, FTA presiding, Operating Line in Security. Agencies on the Front Transit also participate in the session on 2002TRB Annual Meeting Highlights SPOTLIGHT ON SECURITY AND RECOVERY

continued from page 17 Federal Highway Administrator; Allan Rutter, Federal Railroad Other sessions covered transportation and emergency services, pri- Administrator; Jennifer L. Dorn, Federal Transit Administrator; and vacy concerns associated with enhanced security, and the impact of Ellen G. Engleman, Administrator of the Research and Special Pro- increased border security on trade and transportation. grams Administration, the agency that oversees hazardous materials and pipeline transportation, as well as emergency transportation in Audio files from Session 148 are available online at http:// times of civil and natural disasters. gulliver.trb.org/am/session_148.asp/. Also, C-SPAN videotaped three Additional sessions throughout the week focused on particular sessions—Spotlight on Security and Recovery, Port Security, Aviation modes and aspects of transportation security, including airport and System Security—and Secretary Mineta’s luncheon address. Tapes can aviation; ports and waterways; highways, bridges, and tunnels; tran- be requested through the C-SPAN archives (C-SPAN Archives, PO Box sit systems; transportation of hazardous materials; and railroads. 2909, West Lafayette, IN 47996-2909).

From left: During Spotlight on Security and Recovery keynote session, Admiral James M. Loy, U.S. Coast Guard Commandant, Bruce J. Carlton, Acting Deputy Maritime Administrator, and Joseph M. Clapp, FMCSA Administrator, each discuss transportation security at the nation’s entry points; Jane F.Garvey, FAA Administrator, addresses steps taken during and immediately after the events of September 11; and Mary E. Peters, FHWA Administrator, talks about issues related to preparedness and recovery.

CHAIRMAN’S LUNCHEON ADDRESS Mineta Offers Insights into Transportation Security Initiatives

“We are building an airline security system staffed by dedicated and competent federal aviation security agents, led by highly experienced senior security and law enforcement professionals,” said Norman Y.Mineta, the 14th U.S. Secretary of Transportation, who was the featured speaker at the Chairman’s Luncheon. “The system will be robust and redundant, and we will be relent- less in our search for improvements. It is better today than yester- day; and, it will be better still tomorrow.” In addition to overseeing the agency that addresses air, maritime, and surface transportation missions, Mineta took on the added responsibility of establishing the new Transportation Security Administration (TSA) to ensure the security of the nation’s transportation systems (see box, page 17). U.S. Secretary of Transportation Norman Y.Mineta delivers Mineta’s remarks included a progress report on the measures Chairman’s Luncheon address. being implemented for increased airport security, including “Go- Teams,” which work on specific tasks, present decision options, and audience including a large cohort of media, and his address received then disband; new screener training requirements; and more com- national news coverage. prehensive screening techniques. Mineta pointed out that TSA will develop heightened security Secretary Mineta’s address can be requested through the C-SPAN archives procedures and awareness across all modes of transportation—rail, (C-SPAN Archives, PO Box 2909,West Lafayette, IN 47996-2909; request

TR NEWS 219 MARCH–APRIL 2002 highways, transit, maritime, and pipeline. He spoke to an overflow ID#168225). 18 TR NEWS 219 MARCH–APRIL 2002 19 Daniel O'Neil, CRADA Corporation, speaks on an expert panel for the session on Critical Protec- Infrastructure tion:The Role of States This in Addressing National Priority, focusing on a state-by-state survey TRB's Task by Trans- on Critical Force portation Infrastructure and Protection Force Task AASHTO's elated workshop. Mark Norman, Activities Division, Director,Technical TRB, greets Admiral James M. Loy, U.S. Coast Guard Commandant. Michael P.Jackson listens as John W.Magaw highlights the Michael P.Jackson listens as John Security Transportation of the and responsibilities role Administration. on Transportation Security and reporting on the results of Security and reporting on the results Transportation on an earlier r ), Director, TRB Executive with Michael P.Jackson, confers left Ellen G. Engleman, Administrator; RSPA Allan Rutter, FRA Administrator, Robert E. Skinner, Jr. ( Deputy Secretary of the U.S. DOT, L. and Jennifer Dorn, Administrator, FTA before session. the Spotlight on Security and Recovery From left: From L.and Jennifer Dorn, Administrator, FTA in that security will have discuss the roles transportation. of domestic areas their respective John W.Magaw, Under Secretary for Transportation Security,W.Magaw,Transportation John to responds Under Secretary for reporters’ questions at the end of the session. 2002TRB Annual Meeting Highlights SESSIONS AND MEETINGS

David Edmunds, Fed Ex Services, talks about the Panelists for Part 2 of the session included John Horsley (left), American Association of changing dynamics of the freight industry at session State Highway and Transportation Officials, and Gregori Lebedev, U.S. Chamber of on Freight Issues, Needs, and Responses: A Decade Commerce. of Experience After ISTEA, Part 1.

Forty-Three Annual Meetings, and Counting! Former FHWA Administrator Reminisces

n 1959, my graduate school professor, Calvin Reen, said, ‘Tom, you should go to the Highway Research Board’s “I [HRB’s] meeting in Washington this January.’ I replied,‘What is HRB? Why should I go? How much will it cost?’ After Professor Reen persuasively answered the first two questions, I mentioned that I couldn’t afford the cost. He paid the full tab.The rest is history.” Thomas D. Larson, the 12th Federal Highway Administrator, as well as a former Chairman of TRB’s Executive Committee, has attended 43 consecutive TRB Annual Meetings.Larson recalls some of his fondest memories of his long involvement with the Board:

◆ “January 1959 was a great time to begin what has become an Thomas D. Larson annual pilgrimage. In the early years I met giants—many of their names now are attached to TRB awards: D. Grant Mickle; K. B meeting, so I said sorry—and made the trip to Washington, D.C. Woods; W.H. Carey, Jr.; Bryant Mather; Stanton Walker; Francis H. The Governor joked about the situation for the next eight years Hveem; O. K. Normann; Eldon Yoder; and Wilbur Smith. The list (had things gone less well at Pennsylvania DOT, it would never have could go on and on.” been a joke).” ◆ “More than just meeting giants of the business, I got involved ◆ “Each year has been special.Yearly pilgrimages to Washington, with others to launch NCHRP and its publication series.The first D.C., sometimes fighting severe weather—1996 comes to mind— work in that program, Special Report 80: A Critical Review of Litera- meeting a growing number of friends and now clients as I morphed ture Treating Methods of Identifying Aggregates Subject to Destructive Vol- from bureaucrat to consultant.The pull is extraordinarily strong.” ume Change When Frozen in Concrete and a Proposed Program of Research, carried my name and was published before the real series Larson describes his first 20 years at the meeting as research- began.” centered, presenting papers, serving on and learning from various ◆ “The year 1979 was special. After my years of guiding Penn committees. During the next 15 or so years he was devoted to State’s Pennsylvania Transportation Institute, the newly elected gov- shaping policy. Currently he attends the Annual Meeting as a con- ernor of Pennsylvania, Richard Thornburgh, offered me a chance to sultant, networking and interacting socially. Recently, he volun- lead the Pennsylvania DOT. I was invited—or directed—to attend teered to participate on TRB’s Committee on Transportation

TR NEWS 219 MARCH–APRIL 2002 the inaugural ball. However, the ball conflicted with TRB’s annual History. 20 TR NEWS 219 MARCH–APRIL 2002 21 y Lynch, : Impacts on ), Stone Intermodal center ), of Idaho, University and Robert Clarke, U.S. DOT, left Richard Nelson ( Richard presiding, the start of session on before confer Assessing and Mitigating Trucks. Impacts of Large Infrastructure Consulting, Switzerland, presiding, and George Giannopoulos,Thessaloniki, Aristotle of University Greece. During the session on Developments in European Intermodal Freight in European During the session on Developments Water, Sander Dekker, on Land and Movement of Delft University Technology, Netherlands, of describes the expansion of the Port Rotterdam. Bryan are Stone ( Other speakers ): from left from Michael Belzer,Wayne State University,Michael Belzer,Wayne presiding; Martin Rojas, Associations;Todd Trucking American At the session on Issues Affecting and Mobility,Talia Travel Women’s Melanie McCray, University, Laval Canada, on clinic focuses prenatal destination choice for access in rural South care Africa. Seated, left: from Cynthia Burbank, FHWA, a question about addresses in session on global perspectives Capacity-Building Metropolitan Initiative. Drivers and Motor Carriers. and Drivers Michael Seaby, Public Works and Government Services, and Government Michael Seaby,Works Public Canada; E. Stokes,Vaughn U.S. Department of Agriculture; Gary Ritter,Volpe Systems Center;Transportation Stephen National Albert, Montana State University, presiding; Percival, and Kevin U.S. National Park Service. Operations the Mexican Border Across Don Jauquet, State University,Truck Wayne at session on Full International a paper presents Panelists for session on Data Research and Advanced Transportation and session on Data Research Panelists for Advanced National Parks and Public Lands ( Needs for Technology Spencer, Owner–Operator Independent Drivers Association, Inc.;Timoth Michael Conyngham,Teamsters;and of International Brotherhood Carriers Motor Freight Association. 2002TRB Annual Meeting Highlights SESSIONS AND MEETINGS

Mingling at the Marine and Intermodal Forum are (from left): Mary Brooks, Dalhousie University, Canada, incoming Chair, Committee on International Trade and Transportation; Lewis Roach, Sandia National Laboratories, Chair,Task Force on Critical Transportation Infrastructure Security; Joedy Cambridge, TRB; Paul Bingham, DRI-WEFA, Inc., Secretary, Committee on Freight Transportation Data; Ben Hackett, The Marine and Intermodal Forum provides opportunities for informal DRI-WEFA, Inc.; and Arlene Dietz, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Chair, collegial discussions: Reinhard Pfliegl (left), via donau, Austria, and James Committee on Military Transportation. McCarville, Port of Pittsburgh Commission.

Emmanuel Horowitz (far left), CANAC, Inc., asks a question of Vukan Vuchic, University of Pennsylvania, during Vuchic’s session on Livable Cities—Special Challenge for Transportation Professionals.

Victor Mendez, Arizona DOT, speaks about TRB’s Long-Term Pavement Performance Committee Gale Page (left), Florida DOT, incoming Report Fulfilling the Promise of Better Roads at the session on Long-Term Pavement Performance: Chair, Group 2, Division A Council, out- Challenge, Benefits, and Progress, while the rest of the panel listens (from left): Aramis Lopez, Jr., FHWA, going Chair, Group 2, Bituminous Section,

TR NEWS 219 MARCH–APRIL 2002 presiding; Allan Abbott, City of Lincoln, Nebraska;Tommy Beatty, FHWA; Judith Corley-Lay, North receives Testimonial of Appreciation 22 Carolina DOT; and Gary Taylor, Michigan DOT. certificate from Fred Hejl, TRB. TR NEWS 219 MARCH–APRIL 2002 23 Christine Johnson, FHWA, a explores topic in session on Status of the Intelligent Transportation Systems Industry. JR at East Professor Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Joseph M. describes Sussman Master of new MIT’s Science degree session during program on Multidisciplinary Transportation Education:Theory and Practice. ) Ron Faller, Bob Bielenberg, Midwest from left from ), Chair, Features, Committee on Roadside Safety with the left King Mak ( recipients of 2001 Roadside Safety Features Best Paper, Features of 2001 Roadside Safety “Compliance recipients System: of a Bullnose Median Barrier Testing NCHRP Report 350.” ( Recipients were Facility,Roadside Safety Red, and John of Nebraska. University ), right Meeting of Above: the Committee of Bituminous Materials, chaired Michael by Zupanick ( Technologic Resources, Inc., is one of the many TRB committee meetings that take place during the Meeting. Annual Susan Mortel, Michigan DOT,at the session on presides Planning. and Corridor in Statewide Innovations 2002TRB Annual Meeting Highlights EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE ACTIVITIES

TRB’s Executive Committee heard presentations by David Greene (left), Oak Ridge National Laboratory; Mark Schwartz (center), Exxon Mobil Corporation; and James Sweeney, Stanford University, at the policy session on U.S. Petroleum Dependence: Issues and Prospects for the Transportation Sector. Susan Coughlin, The American Trucking Associations Foundation, Inc., makes a statement during the policy session on U.S. petroleum dependence.

TRB Executive Committee members David Plavin (left), Airports Council International, and James Wilding, Metro Washington Airports Authority, converse during a break in the meeting.

Members of the TRB Executive Committee’s Subcommittee for National Research Council Oversight meet during the 81st Annual Meeting. From left: John M. Samuels, John L. Craig, Genevieve Giuliano, Lester A.

TR NEWS 219 MARCH–APRIL 2002 Hoel, M. Gordon Wolman, 24 and E. Dean Carlson. TR NEWS 219 MARCH–APRIL 2002 25 E. Dean Carlson, Kansas DOT, incoming Chairman, Executive TRB Committee; M. John Samuels, Norfolk Southern Corporation, Chairman,outgoing TRB Committee;Executive and Robert E. Skinner, Jr., during Executive Committee business meeting. From left: From Martin Wachs, Institute of Studies,Transportation of University California, Berkeley,points discusses the rapporteurraised by during policy session. Committee’s Executive Stephen Godwin, Director, Services, Information Studies and Policy TRB, incoming Executive from initiatives gains insights into future Giuliano,Vice Chairman Genevieve Committee of University Southern California. Catherine Ross, Georgia Regional Transportation Agency, comments during the offers Committee business Executive session. ), Sinha, listens to Kumares University, Purdue ), Director, Programs, Research Cooperative TRB, left left Robert ( Reilly and Dennis Judycki, of Research, Director Development, and Technology, FHWA, Committee meeting. at the Executive Joseph Sussman ( Sussman Joseph Committee session. in the Executive during a break 2002TRB Annual Meeting Highlights CHAIRMAN’S LUNCHEON

Honoring Achievements in Transportation Research

wards were presented at the Chairman’s Luncheon to rec- of TRB’s Executive Director 1967–1980, recognizes outstanding lead- ognize distinguished service to the transportation commu- ership and service to transportation research and TRB. Lillian C. A nity and to acknowledge authors of outstanding papers Borrone, former Assistant Executive Director of the Port Authority published by TRB in 2001. of New York and New Jersey, was this year’s honoree.

Distinguished Service Awards Outstanding Paper Awards The Sharon D. Banks Award, named for the late Chairwoman of the Named for the 23rd Chairman of the Highway Research Board, the TRB Executive Committee, was established in 2001 to recognize Pyke Johnson Award spotlights the outstanding paper published in sustained leadership accomplishments and innovations that exem- the field of transportation systems planning and administration. plify Banks’ caring nature and depth of character. Naomi W. Ledé, G. Michael Fitch and John E. Anderson were the 2002 recipients Senior Research Scientist at the Texas Transportation Institute, was for their paper, “Use of Digital Multispectral Videography to Cap- the first recipient of the award and was honored for her extraordi- ture Environmental Data Sets for Virginia Department of Trans- nary accomplishments in transportation research and education, portation.” This paper appears in Transportation Research Record: including contributions to mentoring and training programs. Journal of the Transportation Research Board, No. 1756. The Roy W. Crum Distinguished Service Award, named for the The K. B. Woods Award, named for the 19th Chairman of the TRB Executive Director of the Highway Research Board 1928–1951, hon- Executive Committee, goes to the outstanding paper in the field of ors outstanding achievement in transportation research. This year’s design and construction of transportation facilities. This year’s recipi- award was presented to Joseph M. Sussman, who holds the JR East ents were Sabine Werkmeister, Frohmut Wellner, and Andrew R. Professorship in the Department of Civil and Environmental Engi- Dawson for their paper, “Permanent Deformation Behavior of Gran- neering and the Engineering Systems Division at the Massachusetts ular Materials and the Shakedown Concept,” published in Trans- Institute of Technology, for his significant contributions to research portation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, on railroads, intelligent transportation systems, and other large inte- No. 1757. grated systems. The D. Grant Mickle Award, named for the 1964–1966 TRB Exec- The W. N. Carey, Jr., Distinguished Service Award, named in honor utive Director and the 1970 Executive Committee Chairman, rec-

E. Dean Carlson To Chair TRB Executive Committee in 2002

Dean Carlson, Secretary, Kansas Department of Trans- eral highway programs in the period that preceded enactment of the E. portation (DOT), is Chairman of the TRB Executive Com- landmark Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991. mittee for 2002. TRB’s Vice Chairman for 2002 is Genevieve Giuliano,Profes- Carlson has been actively involved in TRB for many years. He has sor, School of Policy, Planning, and Development, University of South- been a member of TRB’s Executive Committee since 1993 and served ern California, Los Angeles. as Vice Chairman in 2001. He served on the Group 2 Council on Design and Construction of Transportation Facilities, the National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Project Com- mittee on Synthesis of Information Related to Highway Problems, and the NCHRP Project Panel on Research Program Design—Adminis- tration of Highway and Transportation Agencies. Carlson also has seen service as an ex officio member of the Strategic Highway Research Program Executive Committee. Carlson was appointed Secretary of the Kansas DOT in January 1995, following his retirement in 1994 as Executive Director of the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA). As FHWA Executive Director from 1990 to 1994, Carlson helped guide the effort to establish a strategic vision for reshaping the nation’s highway and highway safety programs. Under his leadership, FHWA conducted a strategic planning initiative, reassessing its mission in light of the completion of the Interstate Highway System and redefining its steward- ship role with state and local partners. He was centrally involved in

TR NEWS 219 MARCH–APRIL 2002 developing the U.S.DOT’s proposal for legislation to reauthorize fed- E. Dean Carlson (right) accepts the gavel from John M. Samuels. 26 TR NEWS 219 MARCH–APRIL 2002 27 Erwin R. , and Naomi W.Ledé, Texas Transportation Transportation Texas Institute, the received D.first Sharon Banks Innovative for Award Leadership in Transportation. Transportation Research Transportation Andrew Liu Andrew , (October 2000). , named for TRB’s 1951–1963 Executive , named for TRB’s National Cooperative Highway Research Pro- Highway Research National Cooperative Dario D. Salvucci Fred Burggraf Award Burggraf Fred Joseph M.Joseph Sussman, JR East Professor, Technology, Massachusetts Institute of W.Crum the 2001 Roy received Distinguished Service Award, and Lillian C. Borrone,Executive Assistant former Director,York Port Authority of New W.N. Jersey,and New the 2001 received Carey, Jr., Distinguished Service Award. for their paper, “Toward an Integrated Model of Driver Behav- “Toward for their paper, The Secretary Mineta’s address on transportation security attracted national address Secretary Mineta’s media coverage. Director, recognizes excellence in transportation research by research excellence in transportation recognizes Director, whose papers have been published age 35 or younger researchers Receiving of any Division A Standing Group. under the sponsorship this year were awards Boer in published ior in a Cognitive Architecture,” Line Between Governmental Exercise of Police Power and Eminent Exercise Line Between Governmental as Domain,” published gram Legal Research Digest No. 44 Digest No. 44 gram Legal Research 1779. No. Board, Research the Transportation Journal of Record: , were the were . back row, from Ross D. Nether- Bhagwant Persaud Dominique Lord Transportation Research Record: Research Transportation Andrew Liu,Andrew Erwin Boer, Dario Salvucci, G. , and is named in honor of TRB’s Counsel for TRB’s is named in honor of From left: From Per Gårder , ) Bruce Alberts, NAS President; M. Joseph Sussman; and John John C. Vance Award John C. Vance received this year’s award for his paper, “Reexamination of the for his paper, award this year’s received The Harold Paul,Harold Louisiana DOT, Chair, outgoing Division A Council, the presented awards. outstanding paper Michael Fitch, Retting, Richard Gårder, Per Bhagwant Persaud, Dominique Lord, Dawson,Wellner,Andrew Paul, Harold Werkmeister, Frohmut Sabine and Ross Netherton. Not pictured, E. John Anderson. 2002 recipients for their paper, “Safety Effect of Roundabout “Safety Effect for their paper, 2002 recipients United States: Empirical Bayes ObservationalConversions in the published in Study,” Before-After No. 1751 Board, Research Journal of the Transportation for an outstanding and is presented 1968–1978, Legal Research, law. field of transportation paper published in the ton E.Y.Mineta, U.S. Dean Carlson welcomes Secretary Norman DOT the speaker.Looking ( Luncheon featured on are Chairman’s left to right M. Samuels. ognizes the outstanding paper in the field of operation, safety, and paper in the field of operation, safety, ognizes the outstanding facilities. maintenance of transportation Richard A. Retting 2002TRB Annual Meeting Highlights SHARING INFORMATION

Zale Anis (left),Volpe National Transportation Nabil Kamel (left), Petro-Canada, and Browsing the meeting program and discussing Systems Center, and Eric Miller,Transsolutions, Hussain Bahia, University of Wisconsin at session itineraries are FHWA employees (from discuss points in session on aviation security. Madison, pause between sessions. left): Katiann Wong-Murillo, Lorrie Lau, and Joseph Werning.

Ilene Payne (foreground), National Highway Institute, talks with (from left) From left: Stacy Eisenman, George List, Rensselear Polytenic Institute; Nathaniel Perry, Hector Williams, Jr., Bonita Karina Casterlow, and Bruce Robinson, Lee Rodegerdts, Kittelson & Associates, Inc.; and Rod Chrystal Lee, North Carolina A&T State University, at the conclusion of Troutbeck, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia, the Dwight David Eisenhower Transportation Fellowship Program gather to share ideas. Research Showcase.

TR NEWS 219 MARCH–APRIL 2002 From left: Yehuda Gur, Egged, Israel;Theo Muller, Delft University of Bjorn Birgisson, University of Florida, and Shirley Zhang, AB 28 Technology, Netherlands; and Stephan Parker,TRB, meet informally. Consultants, Inc., compare notes after a presentation. TR NEWS 219 MARCH–APRIL 2002 29 ), FHWA,Timbrook, looks on as Patricia Smarts, Street right Victor Gallivan, FHWA, meeting a question posed by answers exhibit. participant at Superpave® and Leverson Boodjal,and Leverson FHWA, CD-ROM chat about an informational at exhibit on pedestrian safety. available Kelvin Wang, of Kelvin University Arkansas, being describes research National Rural Mack-Blackwell at the University’s performed Study Center. Transportation Alan Ho ( Srikalyan From right: From Challa, Govardhan Muthyalagari, and Kirngorti, Ravi of Florida, University their poster prepare on presentation behavior, travel “Exploration of Relationship Timing Between and Duration of Maintenance Activities.” Attendees listen to Douglas Mann, HNTB Corporation,“Case discuss Design:Studies in Context-Sensitive Enhancement Transportation during poster sessions on World” Success Stories from the Around Transportation. in Public Involvement POSTERS AND EXHIBITS AND POSTERS Eric Herzog, Protection Agency, Environmental Transportation Office of and Air Quality, to Zena demonstrates a computer program at Hernandez,Austin,Texas “The COMMUTER Model: of University at Estimating for Air Quality and Congestion Relief Benefits of Tool A New presentation. Choice Programs” Commuter 2002TRB Annual Meeting Highlights LEADERS THROUGH SERVICE TRB Standing Committees Appoint Emeritus Members

RB’s emeritus membership category recognizes the significant, long-term contributions of individuals who have provided outstanding service through leadership on T the Board’s standing committees. The 2002 honorees are listed below. Group 1: Transportation Systems Planning and Administration George T. Lathrop, Committee on Strategic Management (A1A07) Edward K. Morlok, Committee on Freight Transportation Planning and Logistics Peter Briglia (right), Chair, Committee on (A1B02) Freeway Operations, Washington State C. Michael Walton, Committee on Motor Vehicle Size and Weight (A1B04) DOT, presents Member Emeritus certifi- Arun Chatterjee, Committee on Urban Freight Transportation (A1B07) cate to Joseph McDermott. Rolf Schmitt, Committee on Freight Transportation Data (A1B09) Thomas F. Golob, Committee on Traveler Behavior and Values (A1C04) David T. Hartgen, Committee on Traveler Behavior and Values (A1C04) Peter R. Stopher, Committee on Traveler Behavior and Values (A1C04) Vergil G. Stover, Committee on Access Management (A1D07) Frank J. Koepke, Committee on Access Management (A1D07) Edson Leigh Tennyson, Committee on Commuter Rail Transportation (A1E07) Donald O. Eisele, Committee on Commuter Rail Transportation (A1E07) Thomas J. McGean, Committee on New Transportation Systems and Technology (A1E14) Rolland D. King, Committee on New Transportation Systems and Technology (A1E14) Phillip D. Patterson, Committee on Transportation Energy (A1F01) Ronald Cominsky (right), Chair, Commit- Winfield M. Lindeman, Committee on Transportation-Related Noise and Vibration tee on Management of Quality Assurance, (A1F04) Pennsylvania Asphalt Pavement Associa- tion, presents Member Emeritus certificate to Richard Weed, New Jersey DOT. Group 2: Design and Construction of Transportation Facilities David H. Fasser, Committee on Landscape and Environmental Design (A2A05) Ernest J. Barenberg, Committee on Rigid Pavement Design (A2B02) B. Frank McCullough, Committee on Rigid Pavement Design (A2B02) Marshall R. Thompson, Committee on Strength and Deformation Characteristics of Pavement Sections (A2B05) Perry M. Kent, Committee on Highway Traffic Monitoring (A2B08) John W. Fisher, Committee on Steel Bridges (A2C02) J. Claine Petersen, Committee on Characteristics of Bituminous Materials (A2D01) Vytautas P. Puzinauskas, Committee on Characteristics of Bituminous Materials (A2D01) Michael M. Sprinkel, Committee on Properties of Concrete (A2E03) Richard M. Weed, Committee on Management of Quality Assurance (A2F03) Edward Nawy (right), Chair, Committee on Properties on Concrete, Rutgers University, presents Member Emeritus Group 3: Operation, Safety, and Maintenance of Transportation Facilities certificate to Michael Sprinkel,Virginia Dennis L. Christiansen, Committee on High-Occupancy Vehicle Systems (A3A06) Transportation Research Council. Daniel S. Turner,* Committee on Operational Effects of Geometrics (A3A08) Joseph M. McDermott,* Committee on Freeway Operations (A3A09) Robert E. Dewar, Committee on Vehicle User Characteristics (A3B02) Mark Your Calendar Herbert Moskowitz, Committee on Vehicle User Characteristics (A3B02) TRB 82nd Raymond C. Peck, Committee on Operator Education and Regulation (A3B03) A. James McKnight, Committee on Operator Education and Regulation (A3B03) Annual Meeting Wayne G. McCully, Committee on Roadside Maintenance (A3C07) January 12–16, 2003 W. Douglas Nielsen, Committee on Maintenance Equipment (A3C08) Advance registration information for Group 5: Intergroup Resources and Issues the 82nd Annual Meeting will appear William M. Spreitzer, Committee on Intelligent Transportation Systems (A5009) in future issues of TR News and on

TR NEWS 219 MARCH–APRIL 2002 TRB’s website (www.TRB.org). 30 *Named Emeritus Members in spring 2001. TR NEWS 219 MARCH–APRIL 2002 31 Special Report 261: the various state R&T programs, the the various state R&T programs, 1 FHWA’s R&T program responds to the agency’s responds R&T program FHWA’s TRB’s Research and Technology Coordinating and Technology Research TRB’s ◆ The term “federal highway R&T program” refers to the refers The term “federal highway R&T program” combined responsibilities and actions of Congress, the and actions of Congress, combined responsibilities in funding federal highway administration, and FHWA setting research needs, determining research research, program. priorities, and executing the research program The Federal Role in Highway Research and Technology The Federal Role in Highway Research for a change in and a proposal the findings presents the overall R&T enterprise. to strengthen direction National Cooperative Highway Research Program National Cooperative Highway Research Univer- (NCHRP), and many private-sector activities. research. sities also contribute significantly to highway page 29) was established to Committee (see sidebar, independent assessment of the a continuing, provide R&T (FHWA’s) Federal Highway Administration’s 1 Roster of Programs and has its own role Each highway R&T program based on ownership and pur- specific responsibilities not isolated from are pose. Nonetheless, the programs interac- professional and all benefit from each other, tion and the exchange of information. mission and responsibilities for carrying out the for carrying mission and responsibilities authorized by Congress. federal-aid highway program topics, pre- a range of addresses The R&T program to improvements dominantly aimed at incremental trim construction and maintenance costs, boost system highway reduce capacity, add highway performance, fatalities and injuries, minimize adverse environmen- various user benefits, such as tal impacts, and offer Only a small faster travel times and fewer hazards. supports funding, however, of the program portion technologies to improve on breakthrough research costs. and reduce highway performance program. The committee recently examined the pro- recently The committee program. the focus and activities in light of the needs of gram’s and activities roles highway system and the nation’s of other highway R&T programs. of other highway R&T programs. program, R&T a federal highway many individual programs, including many individual programs, hange, improvement, and innovation hange, improvement, have long based on highway research to the highway system. been important Developing and implementing highway Yet highway research and technology (R&T) is not and technology highway research Yet Special Report 261: The Federal Technology ResearchRole in Highway and TRB (see Publications from is available in this issue). Form Order innovations through research is primarily a public- research innovations through owns and sector activity—the public sector generally research manages the highway system. However, with in conjunction undertaken activities often are sector. private the highway industry’s a single, centrally managed program but consists of a single, centrally managed program C

NEW TRBNEW SPECIAL REPORT

Time for a Change of Direction for a Change of Time J.WALTER DIEWALD The Federal Role in The Federal Technology Research and Highway 32 TR NEWS 219 MARCH–APRIL 2002 able interest. results withotherstates,oftengeneratingconsider- needs andconditions.Thestateprograms share of immediateconcerntotheagencyintermslocal gram thataddresses technicalquestionsorproblems (SP&R) andotherprograms, andhasgathered and state R&Tthrough theState PlanningandResearch stantial fundingforhighway R&T, hassupported ment—primarily through FHWA—has provided sub- technology transfer. mentation ofinnovationsoftenrequires proactive public sectorisaversetorisk.Widespread imple- tices provide littleincentiveforinnovation,andthe isdecentralized,itsprocurementthe industry prac- autonomously. United States.FederalhighwayR&Tcannotoperate 50 programs thatsponsorhighwayresearch inthe administrations, andotherfederalagencies. offices, otherU.S.Department ofTransportation modal andaffected byhighways,aswellFHWAties served users, thehighwayindustry, thepeopleandcommuni- and internalstakeholders,includingCongress, highway cessful trackrecords andstrong constituencies. R&T effort, andunlikelytochangebecauseofsuc- vidual programs, beneficialtothenationalhighway professionals. and trainingopportunities forfuture transportation highway R&Tprograms andalsoprovide education tract toFHWA, state,NCHRP, andprivate-sector ating abusinessadvantage. with agoalofimproving businessoperationsorcre- tion. Theresearch tendstofocusonnear-term issues tions activeinconstructionandhighwaytransporta- industry associations,and(3)engineeringassocia- highway-related products, (2)nationalhighway that designandconstructhighwayssupply programs conductedorsponsored by(1)companies focused investigation. common tomoststatesandappropriate forasingle, ing whatthefederalrole isandwhatitcouldbe: highway innovationare important forunderstand- Four contextualfeatures and ofthehighwayindustry Assessment ofFederal Program ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ The roles describedaboveare logicalforthe indi- Each statehighwayagencyhasaresearch pro- Finally, formanydecadesthefederalgovern- Third, highwayinnovationisdifficult because Second, thefederalprogram isoneofmore than First, federalhighwayR&Thasmanyexternal Finally, universityresearchers workundercon- Private-sector research encompassesindividual NCHRP’s appliedresearch addresses issues and promising results. disseminated informationaboutresearch activities leaves one-quarter ofFHWA’s R&Tresources for its R&Tresources tothesetypesofresearch. This and timeframe. research forseveralreasons, includingscope,scale, efforts, buttheydonotinvestincertain kindsof programs encompass successfulproblem-solving State, private-sector, anduniversityhighwayR&T and (2)emerging issueswithnationalimplications. gaps notaddressed byotherhighwayR&Tprograms, be pursuedbystateandprivate-sectorR&Tprograms. appropriate toafederalagencyandthatisunlikely agency’s R&Tbudget—toolowforanactivitythatis tures inthisarea are lessthan0.5percent ofthe riskier andmore time-consuming.Current expendi- research thathaspotentialforhighpayoffs, although At leastone-quarter ofthefundsshouldbeinvestedin in understandingtransportation-related phenomena. long-term research aimedatachievingbreakthroughs address thiscriticalresponsibility. damental research. FHWA’s R&Tprogram must ment hastheincentivestoinvestinlong-term,fun- that FHWA’s research program addresses the prob- ting, andresource allocationisessentialtoensure holder involvementindecision making,priorityset- the nationaltransportation system.Substantivestake- promise forbreakthroughs. review ofresearch areas anddirections thathold stakeholder requests withexpert, externaltechnical long-term research, decisionmakingshouldbalance To maintainanappropriate focus on fundamental, continue through toimplementationofthesolution. begin withtheidentificationofproblem and then highway innovation.Stakeholderinvolvementshould to—and influencedby—themajorstakeholdersin FHWA’s R&Tprogram shouldbemore responsive Shareholder Involvement training, andtechnicalsupport. nology transferandfieldapplications,education ing research related topolicyandregulations, tech- other activitiesrelated totheagency’s mission,includ- FHWA’s R&Tprogram shouldfocusonfundamental, Focus andFunding high-payoff—research, andonlythefederalgovern- to undertake andsustainhigh-risk—butpotentially tion. Onlythefederalgovernmenthasresources The federalrole inhighwayR&Tisvitaltoinnova- Recommendations Decisions alsoshouldreflect astrategicvisionfor FHWA shouldallocateapproximately one-halfof FHWA shouldundertake research aimedat(1) TR NEWS 219 MARCH–APRIL 2002 33 (NAE), Department California of ,Transportation, Department of Pennsylvania , Safety,Washington, Traffic for AAA Foundation , Highway Administration Federal , Highway Administration Federal (NAE), University,Tucson, Michigan Technological , American and Association of State Highway ,Washington, Paving Asphalt Association of Inc., Transportation, Sacramento Harrisburg Seattle Arizona D.C. Officials,Transportation Washington, D.C. James E. Roberts Michael M. Ryan David Spivey David Dale F.Stein David K.David Willis Liaison Representatives Horsley John Dennis Judycki Kenney Marci University transportation research funded under research University transportation Chair interactions, research managers can identify and pro- can identify and managers research interactions, the innovations and can disseminate mote promising stakeholders. information to all highway University Research University Research a (UTC) are Centers The University Transportation highway R&T program. key element of the federal one of few opportunities provides The UTC program to pursue researchers for highway and transportation Although the amount research. investigator-initiated for individuals is modest, the of funding available best some of the nation’s vital for attracting funds are research young minds to highway and transportation graduate in supporting role and play an important education. should be subject to the same the UTC program compe- R&T program—open guidelines as FHWA’s stakeholder involvement, and tition, merit review, max- continuing assessment of outcomes—to ensure funds invested. on the imum return State Program than 60 years ago began more The SP&R program component in the and has become an important of portion The research national highway R&T effort. forms the cornerstone of state the SP&R program The federal SP&R highway agency R&T programs. to $185 million in funds, which amounted research state funds on at least a 20:80 matched by 2001, are is (state-to-federal) basis. Although this contribution state funds significant, some states spend additional on highway research. Research and Technology Coordinating Committee Coordinating Technology and Research , of University Arizona, Tucson (NAE), University of Texas at (NAE),Austin, Texas of University , Safety of North University Carolina ,Transportation, Georgia Department of , Idaho Transportation Department, Boise , Trucking California Association, West , Boone County, District I Commission for ,Washington, of University Seattle (NAE), University of Texas at (NAE),Austin Texas of University , Consultant, Transportation Bow, Hampshire New , State University, Pennsylvania Park University , Rutgers University, Brunswick, New Jersey New , Consultant, Transportation Orinda, California Research Council,Research Hill Chapel Atlanta Columbia, Missouri Sacramento FHWA’s research managers are well positioned to managers are research FHWA’s Designating specific projects or research institu- or research Designating specific projects Leon Kenison P.Mahoney Joe M.Karen Miller Reid Ewing Jack Kay Sandra Rosenbloom Forrest M.Forrest Council L.Frank Danchetz Irwin Feller John E.John Breen C. Michael Walton D.Joel Anderson Dwight M. Bower innovation by surveying research and practice world- innovation by surveying research technologies, processes, wide to identify promising The infor- and methods for use in the United States. the surveys or technology scans should mation from be disseminated to all highway stakeholders. because of their extensive interactions assume this role other with state highway agencies, private industry, research federal agencies, universities, and key highway these the world. Through throughout organizations lems faced by those who build, maintain, use, and are by those who build, lems faced highways. Informing Con- by the nation’s affected highway of about stakeholder perceptions gress poses a significant chal- needs and priorities research lenge for the agency. Competition for Funds be based on open com- should R&T program FHWA’s and systematic evaluation of petition, merit review, of for funds and merit review outcomes. Competition maxi- the best ways of ensuring the are proposals strate- on investment and of addressing mum return system goals. gic national transportation creative tions without open competition may bypass by the most qualified individuals prepared proposals the nation and may not throughout and organizations the consensus of national highway stakehold- reflect evaluation should include pan- and ers. Merit review experts. els of external stakeholders and technical Scans Technology should promote highway R&T program FHWA’s materials) oronidenticalpavement designsinalternative loading configurations. loading facilitymachinestoruntestsonalternative pavement designs (structures or highway research engineers useaccelerated Highway Research CenterinMcLean,Virginia, oisa h opsto fhgwypvmn aeil.AtFHWA’stopics asthecompositionofhighway pavement materials. Turner-Fairbank including suchtraditional The committeefound thatresearch isneededinmany areas, 34 TR NEWS 219 MARCH–APRIL 2002 rently facingpublichighway agencies. initiative aimedatthemostimportant problems cur- calls foralarge-scale, fixed-durationstrategicresearch Lives, ReducingCongestion,Improving QualityofLife StrategicHighwayResearch: Saving cial Report260: gic highwayresearch program (F-SHRP).TRB’s to determinetheneedforandfocusofafuture strate- ommendations ofthecongressionally requested study The committeealsoendorsesthefindingsandrec- Strategic HighwayResearch tinue toauthorizetheprogram. states inpooled-fundprojects. Congress shouldcon- research collaborationandpartnering amongthe state highwayR&Tprograms, butalsofosters 2 See also bookstore/, orseePublicationsOrder Form inthisissue. Available from TRBBookstore, www.TRB.org/trb/ The SP&Rprogram notonlyfacilitatesindividual TR News , January–February2002,pp.69–71. 2 Spe- the committeehasrecommended. FHWA willbeunabletoreform itsR&Tprogram as changes intheR&Tfundingandflexibility, undertake therecommended changes.Without the funding andtheflexibilitynecessaryto R&T program, itshouldprovide FHWA withthe recommendations foranimproved federalhighway innovations. contribute inmanyways,includingimplementing conducts research; andhighwayR&Tstakeholders funding flexibility;FHWA manages theprogram and stakeholders. Congress provides thefundingand contributions ofCongress, FHWA, andhighwayR&T recommendations willrequire thecooperationand the federalhighwayR&Tprogram according tothe eral missionagencies. other important sectorsoftheeconomyorotherfed- funding lowcompared withresearch expenditures in way expenditures. Eventhisincrease wouldleavethe only toabout1percent ofannualtotalpublichigh- current level—althoughsignificant—wouldamount R&T budget.AnFHWA R&T budgetattwicethe would support asignificantincrease intheagency’s ment, andaccountabilityinallfacetsoftheprogram. strong leadership,clearvision,stakeholderinvolve- economy andqualityoflife.FHWA mustprovide other stateandfederalhighwayR&Tprograms. ties. Theseallocationsshouldnotbeusedtofund struction, maintenance,andotherauthorizedactivi- wouldbespentoncon- allocations thatotherwise research derivesfrom federal-aidhighwayprogram research. Theproposed fundingfortheF-SHRP R&T program focusedonlong-term,fundamental immediate use.Itwillcomplementafederalhighway need forinnovationistoocriticaltodoanythingless. too important, thestresses are toosevere, andthe federal highwayresearch. Highwaytransportation is with Congress othermechanisms forcarryingout reformed, highwayR&T stakeholdersshouldexplore funds inaresearch effort thatisvitaltothenation’s gram designedtomaximizetheinvestmentofpublic mittee advocatesastrong federalhighwayR&Tpro- The Research andTechnology Coordinating Com- Implementing Reforms as studydirector forthisproject. Walter J.Diewald,SeniorProgram Officer, TRB,served If thesereforms are implemented,thecommittee F-SHRP isdesignedtoyieldresearch products for If FHWA’s highwayR&Tprogram cannotbe Therefore ifCongress agrees withthecommittee’s Finally, thecommitteerecognizes thatreforming TR NEWS 219 MARCH–APRIL 2002 35 Entrainment of fish eggs and larvae, juvenile which may Suspended sediments and turbidity, Resuspension of buried contaminated sedi- or degrada- Loss of habitat by burial, removal, Collisions with marine mammals. ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ Improving the Process Improving windows can have As a management tool, however, significant cost implications for the United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) and the local For example, the projects. sponsors of dredging windows can prolong imposition of environmental delay the project projects, the completion of dredging shift- the risk to personnel by deadlines, and increase to periods of potentially inclement ing the dredging weather or adverse sea conditions. Risk-Reducing Tool one of several manage- are windows Environmental be used ment and technological tools that can the environ- individually or in combination to reduce and disposal operations on mental impacts of dredging and aesthetics, and recreation living resources, a simple means windows are tourism. Environmental and are to biological resources the risk of reducing against several primary stressors designed to protect and disposal: that may occur during dredging fishes, sea turtles, and other threatened or endan- other threatened and fishes, sea turtles, species; gered spawning, disrupt anadro- fish and shellfish affect water quality; mous fish migrations, and reduce toxins and nutrients that ments, which may release on living resources; effects can have acute and chronic tion; and became law in 1969, federal and state government for envi- requests agencies have increased resource activ- and disposal on dredging restrictions ronmental of the federal contract percent than 80 ities. More is now subject to some type of program dredging restriction. mental Policy Act critical thresholds— Since the National Environ- rises above nvironmental windows are periods in which windows are nvironmental impacts of dredg- the adverse environmental ing a waterway and disposing of the dredged below critical materials can be reduced thresholds. During an environmental window— During an environmental thresholds. which is determined by federal and state regulators— when seasonal is permitted. However, dredging in potential harm apply—or the increase restrictions to aquatic resources dredging and disposal activities are prohibited. activities are and disposal dredging Special Report 262: for A Process Setting, Managing, and Monitoring Projects Dredging for Windows Environmental TRB (see Publications from is available in this issue). Form Order E

NEW TRBNEW SPECIAL REPORT

KRIS A. HOELLEN A Process for Setting, Managing, and Monitoring Managing, and for Setting, A Process Projects for Dredging Windows Environmental 36 TR NEWS 219 MARCH–APRIL 2002 er .Schubel Jerry R. Dredging Projects Committee forWindows Environmental for hmsH Wakeman III Thomas H. John B.Torgan Nils E.Stolpe Susan-Marie Stedman Reed Denise J. Mohan Ram K. Garcia Marcelo H. Diaz J. Robert Jr. Peter Bontadelli, F. J.Bokuniewicz Henry ihe .Weinstein Michael P. sylvania srto,Sle pig Maryland Silver Spring, istration, Chair Fort Hancock Fort New York sey, adnSaeSaodAscain olson Penn- Doylestown, Association, Garden StateSeafood , Vrii nttt fMrn cec,Gloucester Point InstituteofMarineScience, ,Virginia aeteBy rvdne RhodeIsland Providence, Save theBay, , nvriyo e ren,Louisiana University ofNew Orleans, , lsad oc,&Le n. naoi,Maryland Annapolis, Inc., &Lee, Bouck, Blasland, , ing projects andparticipated inoutreach activities, tion, thecommitteeconductedcasestudiesofdredg- on thestatusofwindows-settingprocess. In addi- Atmospheric Administration(NOAA)andUSACE mittee wasbriefedbytheNationalOceanicand conduct theproject (seesidebarabove).Thecom- and federalstateenvironmental regulation to imentology, ichthyology, environmental protection, benthic andwetlandecology, commercial fishing,sed- mittee withexpertise inport operations,dredging, Studies Board, theTRBMarineBoard formed acom- vide suggestionsforimprovements. for establishingenvironmental windowsandtopro- a workshoptoexplore thedecision-makingprocess Marine Board formacommitteeofexperts toconduct Council’s (NRC’s) Transportation Research Board– USACE alsorequested thattheNationalResearch lenge theefficacy ofthewindows-settingprocess. cumulative economiceffects, USACEdecidedtochal- dations toimposeenvironmental windowsandinthe 1 For eachcasestudy, thecommitteesolicitedinfor- Case StudyResults design oftheworkshop. which provided important inputforthecontentand Dredging Team Conference. participated inahalf-daysessionatthe2001 National and Environmental Considerationsand alsoorganized and Conference onDredged MaterialManagement: Options e nln qaim otn Massachusetts, Boston, Aquarium, New England , Members ofthecommitteeparticipated intheSeaGrant University ofIllinoisatUrbana–Champaign , Working inconjunctionwiththeNRC’s Ocean With increases bothinthenumberofrecommen- StateUniversity ofNew York, atStony Brook F scae,Scaet,California Sacramento, PFBAsociates, , New Jersey MarineSciencesConsortium, , , National Oceanic and Atmospheric Admin- Atmospheric NationalOceanicand , , Port Authority ofNew Port York, andNew Jer- 1 agencies alsowere noted. ings incoordination andcommunication among fully onaproject-by-project basis.Othershortcom- or fiscalresources were notavailableforparticipating resource agencyrepresentatives commentedthatstaff the process, causingdelaysanddisruptions.Many representatives tomeetingsorwere lateinentering windows-setting process. Someagenciesdidnotsend ticipation bycertain resource agenciesinthe project progressed. time, indicatingactivereview oftheconditionsas resource concernsandthewindowschangedover itoring toverifybiologicalimpacts.Insomecases,the such astemperature—there wasrelatively littlemon- environmental conditionsthatcouldbemonitored— stakeholders. tions seldomincludedinputfrom therangeofother tation ofdatawere more common,buttheresolu- process. Disputesamongagenciesovertheinterpre- generally were notfactored intothewindows-setting process toresolve disputes.Economicconsiderations raised formalobjections,sincethere wasnoreliable as unavoidablerestrictions ontheprojects andrarely entific observations. the resource agency, and yetotherswere basedonsci- tion, somewere basedontheauthorityoropinionof decisions were basedonoutdateddataandinforma- In someinstances,noevidencewasprovided. Some ences inthescientificevidenceforsettingwindows. consistency inthewindows-settingprocess. processes thanothers,theexercise revealed alackof Although somedistrictshavebetter-developed eration, andinthelevelofregulatory restrictions. in theextentofinteragencycoordination andcoop- windows, intheeffort spenttodevelopthewindows, tial variationsinthenumberofprojects thathave windows-setting process. Districtsreported substan- USACE’s reservations abouttheefficacy ofthe with theprojects. resource agencyrepresentatives, andothersfamiliar through discussionswithUSACEpersonnel,state mittee membersobtainedadditionalinformation agencies’ decisions,andforsomecasestudies,com- dows. Somecasesincludedexamplesoftheresource and theprocedures forsettingenvironmental win- tat type,thelife-historystages,technicalevidence, the resources atrisk,theperceived impact,thehabi- including theinvolvementofstateresource agencies, provided specific,basicinformationonprojects, mation from USACEandNOAA.districts All parties citedasashortcoming thelackofpar- Although somewindowswere setonthebasisof USACE generallyacceptedtheproposed windows The casestudiesalsorevealed considerablediffer- The findingsfrom thecasestudiessupported TR NEWS 219 MARCH–APRIL 2002 37 C. The engineering team, from using information D. the information team reviews The science acceptable The science team recommends E. consultation under Section 7 of the A formal F. The science team prioritizes the recommen- A. identifies those biological The science team B. documents the temporal The science team or(s) responsible for the impacts, for or(s) responsible this and provides the engineering team. to information involved,the science team on the stressors rec- to the stressors reducing ommends strategies for (e.g.,acceptable levels technology, contracting, operational methods, equipment selection). The these cost estimates for engineering team provides strategies. of the engineering team The results to the science team. provided are review the engineering team and notes any by developed changes in the expected impacts. resulting periods (i.e.,dredging windows). environmental Species Endangered Act is conducted if listed affected. be adversely species may this information and provides windows dations for multiple where in areas group to the stakeholder varying for recommended. windows species are resources predicted to be adversely impacted by impacted to be adversely predicted resources this information and provides project each dredging to the engineering team. and the vulnerable habitats. variability of the species lev- The science team also identifies the acceptable els of impact (e.g., and the specific stress- “takes”) The stakeholder group reviews the season’s dredg- the season’s reviews group The stakeholder monitoring data and to ing activities to evaluate identify changes that can be incorporated to refine and disposal activities. dredging future Step 4 the alternative reviews group The stakeholder the by strategies—including windows—identified Step 5 plan is implemented. The recommended Step 6 science and engineering teams and endorses a plan of action. Monitoring Environmental Monitoring Environmental Windows Template for a Process for Setting, for Process a for Managing,Template and A. the evaluation. on the time period for Agree B. of area(s) Define the specific geographic C. of concern. Identify and rank the resources D. of proposed Conduct a systematic evaluation E. a science team whose expertise Form will F. team, an engineering Form including con- Step 3 The science and engineering teams conduct bio- of the proposed logical and engineering evaluations projects.dredging impacts, All potential adverse of concern, along with the biological resources should be identified. between coordination Close should be sought, teams the two should and overlap of each team the chairperson having by be created serve as an adviser to the other team. Step 2 convened. are The stakeholders tasks The following or should be completed during the first meeting shortly thereafter: or concern within a region. interest projects,dredging as existing and proposed as well applications,window in terms and rank the projects of such factors as economic importance and sensi- tivity to timing. the threats to identify and evaluate it possible make of concern.Selectto the resources or elect a chairperson. the team outlining its a charge to Prepare assignment, deliverables, and timetable. personnel whose expertise tractors and USACE them to identify the most appropriate will allow technological options (i.e., equipment, management controls, con- for and operational procedures) activities to meet the and disposal ducting dredging the science team, specified by goals resource and to assess the costs associated with the options identified.Select or elect a chairperson.Prepare a charge to the team outlining its assignment, deliverables, and timetable. Step 1 identified, are All stakeholders and commitments are of the process to the integrity and completion advisory all agencies with from and secured decision-making roles. 38 TR NEWS 219 MARCH–APRIL 2002 develop anentirely different alternative. asked toreview, revise, andrefine thetemplate,orto environmental windows.Workshop participants were making aboutsetting,managing,andmonitoring sistency, predictability, andreliability indecision plate forasystematicprocess toachievegreater con- projects. toring environmental windowsforfederaldredging develop aprocess forsetting,managing,andmoni- research questions;andproduce therawmaterialsto exchange; identifythemajorcategoriesofunresolved and participation byattendees;facilitateinformation mental impacts. and dredging technologiesthatminimizeenviron- and technicaljustificationsforestablishingwindows, of current decision-makingprocesses, thescientific and operationalcosts,thestrengths andweaknesses evaluate trade-offs betweenenvironmental benefits vant fields. dredging operations,andacademicexperts from rele- ulatory agencies,environmental interest groups, tives from ports, federalandstateenvironmental reg- of settingwindows.Participants includedrepresenta- different parties involvedinandaffected bytheprocess The workshopwasdesignedtosolicittheviewsof Workshop Design Unless eachgovernmentagency—particularly an integrity andcompletionofthe process (see Step1). implementation. how andwhen.There are twokeystosuccessful todredge, but ects. Thestarting pointisnotwhether congressionally mandatedorapproved dredging proj- proposed methodintocurrent processes. sessions aswellworkshopsonhowtointegratethe be useful.Apilotprogram shouldincludetraining its own,pilotingtheprocess inafewdistrictswould holder processes. Althoughthemethodcanstandon and canbeincorporatedintoother, ongoingstake- ducting newscientificortechnicalresearch atthestart provide flexibility. reliability that havebeenlackingandalsoshould should achievetheconsistency, predictability, and committee, theadaptivemanagementapproach ciples ofadaptivemanagement.According tothe involving allstakeholdersandisbasedontheprin- shop (seebox,page37)presents anongoingprocess The revised templatethatresulted from thework- Proposed New Process Before theworkshop, thecommitteedraftedatem- The workshopgoalswere tomaximizedialogue Breakout sessionscovered suchtopicsashowto First, eachstakeholdermustbe committedtothe The process wasdesignedtobeimplementedin The proposed methoddoesnotdependoncon- on ahigherdegree ofscientificcertainty. proposed process willestablishwindowspredicated knowledge provided byscientistsandengineers,the ical impactsandrecommend windows. the engineers,scientistsreassess potentialbiolog- acceptable stress. From thestrategyrecommended by equipment selection—formeetingthetarget levelsof as technology, contracting,operationalmethods,or engineering teamthenrecommends strategies—such species identifiedasmostvulnerable. also mustidentifyacceptablelevelsofimpactforany be adverselyaffected bydredging. Thescienceteam team toidentifythebiologicalresources mostlikelyto operations iscritical. technology experts, andthoseresponsible forsafeship among biologists,environmental scientists,dredging benefit ofclearlyspecifiedgoals.Theinteraction nologies forreducing biologicalimpactswithoutthe Dredging experts oftenmustattempttodeveloptech- tinguishes thisfrom otherwindows-settingprocesses. engineering teams—specifiedinSteps2and3—dis- and shouldbenotattempted. resources totheprocess, themethodwillnotsucceed committed todedicatethenecessaryfinancialandstaff agency withadvisoryanddecision-makingroles—is windows-setting process. and informationare incorporatedroutinely intothe that allwindowsremain subjecttochangeasnewdata reviewed periodically. Adaptivemanagementrequires applicability tothewindows-settingprocess. complex sociopoliticalsituationsandevaluatethe able inestablishingwindows;and cies toparticipate fully, thoroughly, andactively; professionals anddredging engineers; and Transportation Officials. grams fortheAmericanAssociation ofStateHighway She recently becameDirector ofEnvironmental Pro- Kris A.Hoellenservedasstudydirector forthisproject. several keyfindings.Amongthesewere theneedsto ronmental windows, thecommitteealsoarticulated Although focusingonaprocess forestablishingenvi- Additional Insights ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ The committeeisconfidentthatbyintegratingthe With theinformationfrom thescienceteam, The methodcallsfortheformationofascience Second, theinteractionbetweenscienceand Finally, thejustificationforwindowsmustbe Identify toolsforstructured decisionmakingin Exploit allscientificdataandinformationavail- Provide sufficient funding forresource agen- Improve cross-training ofbiological-resource TR NEWS 219 MARCH–APRIL 2002 39 highway advisory radio The TMC commissioned a study of the effective- Solution communications was to The solution to improving to the TMC assign a Rhode Island state police trooper the to assist operators in obtaining information from monitors to incidents. The trooper police responding surveillancethe state police radio and the traffic cam- handles all communica- eras and, most importantly, tions between the TMC and state police in the field. with police at the time of communication Effective TMC’s to be critical to the an incident has proved ability to respond. ness of this collaboration to justify the funding for analyzed the state police personnel. The research by the state police to number of incidents reported the TMC and the benefits and costs of the change in periods compared incidents. The research reported 1999 and November September through were 2000—the only change in practices between 1999 and 2000 during those months was the introduction at the TMC. Only incidents resulting of the trooper for the evaluation. considered were in a lane closure Transportation Manage- Transportation ment Center (TMC). TMC As a result, com- operators were on pelled to rely police media reports, scanners, and surveillance cameras for information on road conditions. The lack of incident information delayed notifica- tion of motorists through motorists’ and variable message signs, reducing ability to make alternate driving decisions. NCIDENTS OMMUNICATIONS I C ANAGE M ongestion on Rhode Island highways, has area, especially in the Providence become an everyday event—the demand for roadways far exceeds capacity. In exceeds capacity. far for roadways :William D. Ankner, Director, Rhode Island PAYS OFF PAYS MPROVING The Rhode Island Transportation Management Center documented a dramatic improvement in incident dramatic improvement Management Center documented a Transportation The Rhode Island assigned to support was monitoring. traffic after a state police trooper response proved The study results freeway is critical to effective agency and incident responders the highway between that communication traffic management. Department of Transportation; Robert Cahill,Department of TMC operator, Corporal Scott Hemingway, Rhode Island State Police; and Cynthia Levesque, TMC Manager, TMC bridge. data incident logs on the review From left From Problem and the Communication between Rhode Island DOT to Rhode Island State Police—the major responders Incidents inefficient. incidents on state roads—was to the newly constructed not being reported were A Solution for Rhode Island for Rhode Island A Solution CYNTHIA LEVESQUE I Rhode Island, traffic incidents resulting in lane clo- incidents resulting Rhode Island, traffic of all vehi- much as 60 percent account for as sures the amount reduce cle hours lost to congestion. To the Rhode of time wasted by motorists in traffic, (DOT) of Transportation Island Department between the two state communications improved to incidents and evaluated the agencies responding of the improvements. effectiveness TO C RESEARCH The author is Manager, Rhode Island Transportation Management Center, Providence. 40 TR NEWS 219 MARCH–APRIL 2002 showed abenefit–costratioof 16to1. ter. Comparingthiscosttothetravel timesavings the troopers’ salariesfor thetimespentincen- value of$200,000totravelers. September–November 2000isestimatedtohavea TMC wasabletoprovide driverinformationduring savings from theadditional 52incidentsforwhich route wasestimatedto be38minutes.Thetime dents forwhichtheTMCissuednotification. 540 carswouldusealternateroutes duringinci- vehicles perhour. Itwastherefore estimatedthat at thetimesofincidentswasestimatedtobe5,400 radio andvariablemessagesigns. after receiving informationviahighwayadvisory 10 to20percent ofdriverswillchangetheirroutes published bytheFederalHighwayAdministration, According tothe during peakhourincidentswas48minutes. TMC disclosedthattheaveragedelaypervehicle to thetimelinessandspecificityofpolicereports. that thisincrease inresponses islargely attributable than 200percent, from 24to76.TMCstaff confirm radio andvariablemessagesigns,increased bymore vide driverinformation,through highwayadvisory number ofincidentsforwhichtheTMCcouldpro- 25 percent, from 51to64.Mostsignificantly, the incidents reported from othersources grew by period to163inthe2000period.Thenumberof police-reported incidents—from 92inthe1999 to theTMC.There wasa77percent increase in had alarge effect onthenumberofincidentsreported information. bridge provide timely system locatedonthe TMC cameras andstatepoliceradio Surveillance personnel. information tosupport communicate incident Management Center(TMC), TransportationOperator, Lead andLouFiore, Police, RhodeIslandState Trooper, Corporal Rohan( The costofthepolicepresence intheTMCwas The timesavedpervehicletakinganalternate Average traffic volumeontheroads monitored Data from theincidentlogsmaintainedat The studyfoundthatthepresence ofthetrooper right Traffic ManagementHandbook ), , intelligent transportation systemstomotorists. gram andare heighteningawareness ofthebenefits icy makerstovalidatetheincidentmanagementpro- The research findingsare beingdisseminatedtopol- been extendedasaresult ofthedocumentedbenefits. Island DOTandtheRhodeStatePolicehas for aone-yearperiod.ThecontractbetweenRhode The initialcommitmentwastohavepoliceintheTMC Application E vich, astudentatUniversityofTexas atAustin. author acknowledgesthecontributionofJohnTarase- 5826, ext.4010;[email protected]).The tol Hill,Providence, RI02903(telephone401-222- Manager, Transportation ManagementCenter, 2Capi- For furtherinformationcontactCynthiaLevesque, appropriate response teamsare dispatched. accurate assessmentofincidentstoensure that helps toreduce response timeandpermitsamore that accesstotheTMC’s cameras traffic surveillance calculated intermsofdollars.Thestatepolicereport has reduced traveltime.Otherbenefitscannotbe The research hasshownthatthestatepolicepresence Qualitative Benefits in developingthisarticle. Morris, Transportation Research Board, forhisefforts DITOR 202-334-2952, [email protected]). Avenue, NW, Washington, DC20418(telephone portation Research Board, 2101Constitution welcome. ContactG.P. Jayaprakash,Trans- Suggestions for“Research PaysOff” topicsare ’ S N OTE : Appreciation isexpressed toJoseph CALENDAR

TRB Meetings 2002 June 30–July 3 Geometric Design Committee 29–Aug. 1 Committee on Environmental 2–4 Visibility and Simulation Meeting Analysis in Transportation Symposium Santa Fe, New Mexico Summer Meeting Iowa City, Iowa Stephen Maher Durham, New Hampshire Richard Cunard Kimberly Fisher July 13–14 Using Spatial Information 7–9 Joint Summer Meeting and 30–31 Safety Conscious Planning Technologies to Improve Conference of the Committees Leadership Conference (by Security, Safety, and Mobility on Energy, Air Quality, and invitation)* Seattle, Washington Alternative Fuels Washington, D.C. Thomas Palmerlee Port Huron, Michigan Richard Pain Kimberly Fisher 21–24 Roadside Safety Features 30–Aug. 1 Utilities Committee Meeting Committee Meeting 7–10 Transportation-Related Noise Marco Island, Florida Pacific Grove, California and Vibration Summer Meeting Stephen Maher Stephen Maher Austin, Texas Kimberly Fisher August 23–26 5th National Access 2–6 7th International Conference on Management Conference 8–10 Hydrology, Hydraulics, and Water Application of Advanced Austin, Texas Quality Committee Meeting Technology in Transportation* Kimberly Fisher Croabas, Puerto Rico Cambridge, Massachusetts Stephen Maher G. P. Jayaprakash 23–26 27th Annual Summer Ports, Waterways, Freight, and 11–13 Joint Summer Meeting of the 4–9 T2002: 16th International International Trade Conference Planning, Economics, Finance, Conference on Alcohol, Drugs, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Freight, and Management and Traffic Safety* Joedy Cambridge Committees Montreal, Canada Providence, Rhode Island Richard Pain Surface Properties–Vehicle Kimberly Fisher Interaction Committee Meeting 13 Design and Construction of Salt Lake City, Utah 14–16 1st International Conference on Transportation Facilities in Stephen Maher Bridge Maintenance, Safety, and Melange: Block in Matrix Management* San Luis Obispo, California 26–29 Highway Capacity and Quality of Barcelona, Spain G. P. Jayaprakash Service Committee 2002 Frank Lisle Midyear Meeting and 17–22 9th International Conference on Conference 21–23 Freeway Operation and Traffic Asphalt Pavements* Milwaukee, Wisconsin Signal Systems Midyear Meeting Copenhagen, Denmark Richard Cunard Salt Lake City, Utah Stephen Maher Richard Cunard 30–July 3 41st Annual Workshop on 17–22 National Community Impact Transportation Law 28–Aug. 1 Photogrammetry, Remote Assessment Conference San Francisco, California Sensing, Surveying, and Related Madison, Wisconsin James McDaniel Automated Systems Committee Claire Felbinger Meeting TR NEWS 219 MARCH–APRIL 2002 Cody, Wyoming Stephen Maher

Additional information on TRB conferences and workshops, including calls for abstracts, registration and hotel information, lists of cosponsors, and links to conference websites, is available online (www.TRB.org/trb/calendar). Registration and hotel information usually is available 2 to 3 months in advance. For information, contact the individual listed at 202-334-2934 (fax 202-334-2003; e-mail [email protected]).

*TRB is cosponsor of the meeting. 41 42 TR NEWS 219 MARCH–APRIL 2002 I sector companiesintheUnitedStatesandabroad. and Development,statelocalgovernments,private- Space Administration,theEuropean BankforReconstruction eral Aviation Administration,theNationalAeronautics and tion issuestotheU.S.Department ofTransportation, theFed- asaconsultantonaviationandothertransporta- has served structure, andenvironmental andnaturalresource policy. He competition policy, internationalaviation,aviationinfra- rent research coversaviationsafety, airlineeconomics and published researcher andsought-afterconsultant.Hiscur- believe intheresults ofproperly conductedresearch. portation. ing againstdataandreal-world observation. pline. be more valuablethanresearch confinedtoasingledisci- colleagues: ee n hi fto “Combining peoplefrom different seven andchairoftwo: asamemberof committees asagoodexample, havingserved ing more perspectivestobearonaproblem.” University. “Allareas oftransportation canbenefitfrom bring- Mellon University, andadoctorateineconomics from Harvard sity, amaster’s inurban andpublicaffairs from Carnegie elor’s degree inchemicalengineeringfrom PrincetonUniver- in severaldifferent disciplines,”notesOster, who hasabach- research comesfrom thecombinedefforts ofpeopletrained disciplines isoneofthegreat strengths ofthestudycommit- “In fieldsliketransportation, muchofthemostuseful Oster modelsthesetenetsthrough hisownworkasamuch- He pointstotheTRBandNational Research Councilstudy .Couplerespectful skepticismwith awillingnessto 4. Beaware thatthere ismore thanonemodeoftrans- 3. Donotlettheoretical research gotoofarwithouttest- 2. Intransportation, interdisciplinary research islikelyto 1. communicates fourtenetstohisstudentsandyounger where hehastaughtsince1979—ClintonV. Oster, Jr., ronmental Affairs atIndianaUniversity, Bloomington— n hisrole asProfessor intheSchoolofPublicandEnvi- PROFILES of peopletrainedinseveral different disciplines.” useful research comesfrom thecombinedefforts much ofthemost “In fieldslike transportation, colo ulcadEvrnetlAfis IndianaUniversity ofPublicandEnvironmentalSchool Affairs, lno .Otr Jr. Oster, Clinton V. modes.” would benefitfrom alessprovincial attitudetoward the interesting tostudythantheothers,butallofourresearch on onlyonemode:“IconfessthatItoofindmodemore clusions,” Osteradvises.“Research thatproduces surprising the research runscountertoprevious beliefsorprevious con- againstdataearlyandoften.” that istotesttheory may makethemlessapplicable.Thebestwaytoguard against to makethetheoretical modelsmore tractable,butthisalso nomics there isatemptationtoadoptsimplifyingassumptions world around “Intransportation eco- us,”Osterobserves. line industry’s adaptationtoderegulation. has coauthored fourbooksonaviationsafety andtheU.S.air- American PublicPolicyProblems: AnIntroductory Guide tees andthekeytowhytheirreports are oftensovaluable.” mittee fortheStudyofFederalEmployers’LiabilityAct, and acurrent memberof itsNationalCouncil. He isapastpresident oftheTransportation Research Forum and asResearch Director fortheAviation SafetyCommission. Advisory PanelonFederalAviation Research andTechnology ontheOffice ofTechnologyinclude service Assessment’s sis from 1982to1985. Associate Director ofitsCenterforUrbanandRegionalAnaly- of itsTransportation Research Centerfrom 1985 to1989,and portation ManagementInstitutefrom 1988to1992,Director Social SciencesandEducation. Heiscoauthorofthetextbook Technical SystemsandtheCommissiononBehavioral and mittees fortwoformerNRCcommissions:Engineeringand safety afterderegulation. onstudycom- Healsohasserved and enforcing and speedlimits,andairpassengerservice eral transportation scienceandtechnologystrategy, setting portation andofstudycommitteesonsuchtopicsasthefed- and asamemberoftheCommitteeonIntercity BusTrans- Similarly, researchers shouldbe“willingtochangeviewsif Oster alsowarnstransportation researchers aboutfocusing Valuable research isalso“applicabletotheproblems ofthe Oster’s asChair oftheCom- TRBactivitiesincludeserving His engagementsguidingresearch outsidetheuniversity the university’s HighwayandTrans- 1992. HewasAssociateDirector of Environmental Affairs from 1989to Dean oftheSchoolPublicand asAssociate Business andserved at theIndianaUniversitySchoolof thing new.” the bestopportunity tolearnsome- welcomed becauseitalsoprovides and unexpectedresults shouldbe Oster isalsoapart-time professor and TR NEWS 219 MARCH–APRIL 2002 43 Other leadership roles include past Other leadership roles increasing urban congestion with some- increasing operat- what limited options, effectively ing the system warrants high priority.” and former Inter- International President of the Institute of member national Board Engineers (ITE), current Transportation and Education of the Research President Division of the American Road and Builders Association, and Transportation of the Council of Univer- President Vice One message that he emphasizes in national forums is the than 25 Christiansen has been involved with TRB for more in 1978 Award Burggraf Fred TRB’s Christiansen received His early research showing that park-and-ride and high- showing that park-and-ride His early research national level, Bringing his insights and experience to the Texas A&M University. Texas of the Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century. of the Transportation and Force of the HOV Task years, serving as the first secretary then of the succeeding HOV Systems Committee—and recently also has served He on the was named an Emeritus Member. Urban Goods Movement Committee. a Technical for an outstanding paper by a young researcher, the International ITE, and two Technical from Paper Award section of ITE named him Trans- The Texas Council Awards. in 1989. He earned a bachelor’s the Year Engineer of portation University and Northwestern in civil engineering from degree also in civil engineering, from and doctoral degrees, master’s invested in research to collect accurate before-and-after data and to collect accurate before-and-after invested in research the imple- whenever analyze costs and benefits has paid off have facilities asked to explain why certain menting agencies are been developed.” is a member of the National Steering Committee on Transporta- tion Operations. programs research need for investing in “significant, robust and environment, deterioration, safety, infrastructure addressing reauthorization with the approaching congestion,” particularly occupancy vehicle (HOV) facilities would work in Texas over- facilities would work in Texas occupancy vehicle (HOV) and the state has become a leader in came considerable doubts, “Anything improvements. developing these congestion-relieving world will generate some public done new in the transportation small amount of money debate,” he comments. “The relatively and Mobility Work- Christiansen is cochair of the Operations and Technology Highway Research of the National ing Group operations encouraging to see transportation “It’s Partnership. the attention it has long deserved,” he says. “As we face receive was appointed Centers. Christiansen recently sity Transportation Committee, Coordinating and Technology to the TRB Research and program, research outside advice on FHWA’s which provides Texas Transportation Transportation Institute Texas Dennis L. Christiansen “A key benefit of university research is that it research benefit of university “A key materials but useful research develops not only also supports the education and training of the of transportation generation next professionals.”

PROFILES eputy Director of the Texas Transportation Institute Transportation of the Texas eputy Director for the is responsible (TTI), Dennis L. Christiansen university- of the largest day-to-day operation center in the research transportation affiliated

“A key benefit of university research is that it not only devel- is that it not “A key benefit of university research Praising the “innovative” state DOT, he notes, “Through its he notes, “Through Praising the “innovative” state DOT, improve- But he also looks beyond the “valuable incremental In his 30 years at TTI, Christiansen has specialized in mul- Clearly Christiansen finds professional rewards in contact rewards Clearly Christiansen finds professional loses confidence in the future of the profession, I advise of the profession, loses confidence in the future walking down our hallways to see quality students with an exceptional work ethic pursuing studies while involved in a program.” research United States. But he also retains the title of Research Engineer, the title of Research also retains United States. But he opera- as traffic areas in such continuing his extensive research planning, and transit planning. tions, transportation the education materials but also supports ops useful research profes- and training of the next generation of transportation capacity significant workforce sionals,” he points out. “With of this byproduct issues now facing the field of transportation, important.” is increasingly research Texas Department of Transportation (DOT). “If anyone ever of Transportation Department Texas [with TTI], many sig- program substantial cooperative research in all aspects of trans- nificant developments have occurred results of seeing research opportunity giving us the portation, and of the research, implemented, assessing the effectiveness then making modifications as necessary.” to “more research” this kind of applied from ments that result that might lead to fundamental research for basic opportunities He acknowledges that this “longer run” research breakthroughs.” “modest additional funding.” will require with an emphasis on identifying cost-effective timodal research He has served as principal inves- to urban mobility. approaches under such sponsors projects tigator on several major research the Federal as the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), Metropol- and Houston’s DOT, Administration, Texas Transit Authority. itan Transit

with students and in TTI’s research partnerships with the partnerships research with students and in TTI’s D 44 TR NEWS 219 MARCH–APRIL 2002 team. Facilities implementation Air Kansas City Traffic Aviation Administration’s coleads oftheFederal ( in only 3months. 20 years ofvehicle loads applies equivalentof Florida, Gainesville, Research Parkin new StateMaterials Heavy vehicle simulator at ( Controller RickSauer AirTraffic Kansas: first implementedin Request Evaluation Tool Demonstrating theUser left center ,andGreg Hale, ), ,BruceHoover ), NEWS savings of$1.5millionpermonthforairlines duced a20percent increase indirect routings and Tennessee, andIndianapolis,Indiana,airspacepro- and benefitspassengers. mental calculations—savesairlinestimeandmoney trollers previously relied onpaperflightstripsand different altitudeissafe.Thequickresponse—con- diately ifapilot’s request foramore direct route or into thefuture ofaflightpathandcanfindoutimme- capacity oftheU.S.aviationsystem. URET isexpectedtoimprove theefficiency and tion Administration’s (FAA’s) free flight program, City, Kansas,inDecember. Part oftheFederalAvia- use attheEnRouteTraffic Control Center, Kansas select more direct routes todestinations,begandaily ware andsoftware program thatallowspilotsto The UserRequestEvaluationTool (URET),ahard- Free-Flight ToolAids Direct Routes A URETprototype demonstratedinMemphis, With URET, controllers canproject 20minutes BRIEFS (telephone 202-267-3462). troller, thepilot,andpassenger.” that challenge.URETtechnologyworks,forthecon- recalls FAA AdministratorJaneGarvey. “We’ve met they laidthechallengeoffree flightatourdoorstep,” land, Ohio;andWashington, D.C. technology isslatedalsoforAtlanta,Georgia; Cleve- per yearinIndianapolis.Deploymentofthenew Reduction inairspacerestrictions saved$1million through lessflyingtimeandfuelconsumption. oee ev eil iuao—ubd“BOB,” powered heavyvehiclesimulator—dubbed supporting baseandsubgradelayers.Anelectrically to gaugewatertablecontrol withinthepavement’s feet longand12wide,withtwoadditionaltracks traffic conditions. which simulateslong-term,in-service response tothecontrolled applicationofwheelloading, toring ofapavementsystem’s performance and Park inGainesville.Thetestingsiteallowsthemoni- Research Program atthenewStateMaterialsResearch established anAcceleratedPavementTesting and The FloridaDepartment ofTransportation (DOT)has Tests FloridaPavements “Beast outBack” results ofthetests,conductedinpartnership withthe mance ofSuperpave®fine-gradedmixtures. Early ate theeffects ofpolymermodifierontheperfor- profiling andtesttracktemperature controls. ulator ishighlymobileandincludesautomatedlaser 20 yearsofvehicleloadsinonly3months.Thesim- for the“beastoutback”—canapplyequivalentof For furtherinformationcontactFraserJones,FAA “When theindustrycametousthree yearsago, The testingsiteconsistsof8lineartesttracks150 Testing beganatthefacilityinOctobertoevalu- TR NEWS 219 MARCH–APRIL 2002 45 NEWS BRIEFS local official—will be removed for offsite and renovated as pedestrian bridge. reinstallation The Old Danforth Street Bridge The Old Danforth Street in Framingham, Massachusetts— a set” by “erector to an likened Old Historic Massachusetts, Levin was appointed to the Port Authority post in Levin was appointed to the Port The offsite restoration will involve design of new restoration The offsite bridge will serve as the gateway The refurbished For further information contact Evan Lowell, Lichten- Resources” in 2000 by in 2000 Resources” trail system. bridges, and tunnels, was the landlord of the World bridges, and tunnels, was the landlord Center complex. Trade Historic Bridge Gains a Future Historic Bridge Historic Most Endangered Named one of the “Ten Trade Center. The Neil D. Levin Graduate Institute of Center. Trade of the part International Relations and Commerce, will work with the State University of New York, nations, of foreign United Nations, representatives and agencies, corpora- international organizations state and city gov- tions, and federal and New York and of diplomatic relations ernments in the areas and finance. international business, banking, law, in business, 2001 after a distinguished career March which Authority, banking, and insurance. The Port facilities, port major airports, operates the area’s Danforth Street Bridge in Framingham is being Street Danforth for rein- offsite and restored dismantled, removed, for stallation as a pedestrian bridge. Closed to traffic was built in 1890 20 years, the 75-foot-long structure and is one of the oldest Pratt-pony-through-truss bridges in New England. previ- of deteriorated or members and replacement the original members to replicate ously repaired strat- as closely as possible. The restoration structure egy also eliminates the cost of temporary shoring accessibility for greater provides and scaffolding, and painting expenses, cleaning reduces item repairs, has if the structure the environment and protects expected any coats of lead paint. The cost savings are rein- and to exceed the expense of bridge removal stallation. of the Sudbury River to the “wild and scenic” portion stein Consulting Engineers, Inc. (telephone 508-647-0500). Commute Pro- , the ninth annual regionwide commuter sur- , the ninth annual regionwide The program seeks to improve the performance of the performance seeks to improve The program For further information contact Bouzid Choubane, The survey HOV lanes appear to also shows that For further information contact Julia Maglione, RIDES Carpooling is highest among the 700,000 Bay Carpooling is highest among the 700,000 Institute Continues Legacy Executive’s Port a graduate-level has established The state of New York in and commerce in international relations program Port of the honor of Neil D. Levin, executive director who was killed Jersey, and New Authority of New York World attack on the in the September 11 terrorist file 2001 Bay Area Commuters Area Bay Carpool Like Advantages San carpooling to work in California’s people are More using and the carpoolers who are Francisco Bay Area, saving more high-occupancy vehicle (HOV) lanes are to years, according time than in previous University of Florida and the asphalt industry, sug- industry, of Florida and the asphalt University at a higher rate in the gest that rutting has developed unmodified sections. extending useful cost-effectively pavements, Florida’s Florida distresses. premature service life and preventing of stakeholders advisoryDOT is establishing an board plans, and strategic research counsel, review to provide program. feedback on the operation of the provide with the Fed- partnerships Plans also call for research academic insti- industry, eral Highway Administration, constituencies. tutions, and other interested Florida DOT (telephone 352-955-6302). Area commuters who travel 21 to 40 miles one way commuters who Area travel Although the amount of to work each day. com- time saved by using HOV lanes has increased, in other muter estimates indicate that travel speeds traffic slowing, a symptom of increased lanes are travel time has congestion. Respondents’ perceived 28 since 1992, from almost 18 percent increased minutes to 34 minutes, even though commute dis- about the same. tance has remained influence commuter decisions not to drive alone: 69 said they carpool, vanpool, or use transit to percent take advantage of the HOV lanes, and 6 out of 10 said if the HOV they would not continue to rideshare eliminated. lanes were Commuters (telephone 510-273-2088), or for Bay Area (click on Commute Research). visit www.rides.org vey conducted by the nonprofit RIDES for Bay Area vey conducted by the nonprofit of com- Commuters. The findings show that 17 percent in 2000 14 percent up from carpool, muters regularly in 1999, and that carpoolers using HOV and 15 percent up one way, lanes estimate a time savings of 23 minutes and 16 minutes in 1999. 21 minutes in 2000 from 46 TR NEWS 219 MARCH–APRIL 2002 ESBRIEFS NEWS Intermodal Transport Europe Promotes INTERNATIONAL NEWS ibrations tofitThailand’s pavementmaterials,cli- research andtraininginThailand andDenmark. road networkandhasincludedfieldlaboratory reduce maintenancecosts forThailand’s national and designmethods.Theproject hasworkedto technology alongwithanalyticalpavementanalysis implement falling-weightdeflectometer(FWD) sonnel intheThailandDepartment ofHighwaysto pleted athree-year project assistingandtrainingper- The DanishRoadDirectorate (DRD)recently com- Advances in Thailand Pavement Management intermodality—the efficient integrationandcom- development. TheEuropean Unionispromoting prehensive informationsupporting intermodal Transport (EURIFT)toprovide independent,com- European Reference Centre forIntermodalFreight The European Commissionhasinauguratedthe maintenance andmanagement system. establishing afoundationfor afuture pavement beam testsofpavementswiththe newFWDresults, lating historicaldatafrom Thailand’s Benkelman bearing capacity. Danishengineersassistedincorre- and towingvehiclesforthetestingofhighways’ mate, andsubgrade.DRDsuppliedfiveFWDunits profit organization withinthree years. EURIFT isexpectedtobecomeaself-supporting non- Bremen, aswellbytheacademicandprivatesectors, by theEuropean Union,thecitiesofHamburg and member countries,Norway, andSwitzerland.Funded national networkofinstitutionsanduniversitiesin and provide tocustomers,backedbyaninter- services develop andmaintainawebsite,organize conferences, maintaining neutralitytoward themodes. promote bestpracticesandpromising innovations, asaforumforinformationexchangeandwill serve ability amongmodalsystems.Thecenteralsowill Union countriesaswellbyalackofinteroper- the modalandnationalsystemsofEuropean intermodal industry, whichisnowfragmented by will correlate andintegratedatafrom theEuropean decreases dependencyonoilfuels. tion, reduces carbondioxideemissions,and provides freight mobility, relieves roadway conges- strategy forasustainabletransportation systemthat plementary functioningofallmodes—aspart ofits The firststageoftheproject determinedFWDcal- The project isexpectedtoreduce themaintenance A teamofexperts willmanagetheEURIFToffice, Headquartered inHamburg, Germany, EURIFT vate venture willoperatetheAomori–Hakodateline. will leasetheTSLtoaprivateoperator. Awhollypri- Japanese governmentwillhaveanequitystake—that to U.S.DOT, hewasSeniorVice President andGen- Staff totheSecretary ofEducation.Before returning retary for CabinetLiaison,aswellDeputyChiefof Special AssistanttothePresident andExecutiveSec- tions underPresident George H.W. Bush,including Jr., andheldseveralotherExecutiveBranchposi- to 1993asChiefofStaff forSecretary Andrew Card, tory reform, andresearch anddevelopment. ership intheareas ofstrategicmanagement,regula- the Department’s majormissions andtoprovide lead- U.S. DOTSecretary NormanY. Minetatocarryout will bemanagedbyapublic–privatecompany—the the tripfrom 4tolessthan2hours. 15 hours. The Aomori–Hakodate service willreduce15 hours.TheAomori–Hakodateservice can travelat50knots,reducing thetripfrom 25.5to route willusea443-foot,15,000-gross-ton vesselthat Island withHakodateonHokkaidoIsland.TheTokyo and Aomorionthenorthern part ofthemainHonshu necting Tokyo withtheoutlyingOgasawaraIslands, will plytwodomesticroutes inJapanby2003,con- TechnoThe SuperLiner(TSL)high-speedcargo ferry Get High-SpeedFerries Japanese Cargo Routes EPEI TRANSPORTATIONPEOPLE IN Maritime Nordic Road&Transport Research nologies andmethodstoThailand’s road sector. field tests,andtheintroduction ofadvancedtech- ment crews, improved safetyforthecrews performing reduction inthenumberofpersonnelonmeasure- highways withhightraffic volumes,a50percent surements, theabilitytomakemeasurements on fits includetheincreased efficiency ofpavementmea- improved pavementandoverlaydesign.Otherbene- costs ofThailand’s highwaysby20percent, through ihe .Jackson P. Michael Jackson previously atU.S. DOTfrom served 1992 Because ofthehighoperatingcosts,Tokyo ferry Summarized from anarticlebyJimShawin Summarized from anarticlebyRobinMacdonaldin , August2001. istrations andtheworkof100,000 operations ofthe11modaladmin- cer, responsible fortheday-to-day Department’s chiefoperatingoffi- (DOT), Department ofTransportation As DeputySecretary oftheU.S. abroad. Heworkscloselywith employees intheUnitedStatesand Michael P. Jackson , October2001. Pacific is the TR NEWS 219 MARCH–APRIL 2002 47 NEWS BRIEFS brings 18 years of George W. Bush and five years as Bush and five W. George of the Deputy Executive Director experience in transportation policy experience in transportation to his post as Administrator of the Administration, Federal Railroad of including service as Director Policy for the state Transportation under then-Governor of Texas Allan Rutter Allan Rutter An officer in the U.S. Navy Reserves—her unit An officer Before that, as a board member and director of cor- member and director that, as a board Before “Allan’s comprehensive knowledge of transporta- comprehensive “Allan’s Policy in the Texas of Transportation As Director 1985 to 1990, Rutter was senior analyst in From supports the Pentagon’s Chief of Naval Information— the Pentagon’s supports where Engleman is a graduate of Indiana University, a master’s She received she also earned a law degree. the Kennedy in public administration from degree University. School of Government at Harvard agency, Engleman increased in-kind medical dona- Engleman increased agency, than 100 in more for programs tions by 100 percent Angel alliance the Vitamin countries and founded and chil- the nutritional needs of women addressing She also has served executive a public affairs as dren. for the telecommunications corporation GTE. in 17 states, and more than 25 universities, with 70 than 25 universities, and more in 17 states, federal total of $160 million from a receiving projects partnerships. research-and-development Relief Inter- for Direct affairs porate and governmental oldest nonsectarian medical relief national, the nation’s Texas High-Speed Rail Authority. As Administrator, High-Speed Rail Authority. Texas agency and enforcement Rutter heads the regulatory safe and successful rail for promoting responsible in the United States and for advancing transportation and passenger rail. policies on freight the President’s confirmation in August 2001. observed at Rutter’s also served office—he under Governor governor’s successor—Rutter Bush’s President Rick Perry, state worked with state and national industry groups, and state and federal and local elected officials, agency administrators in developing and imple- He all modes of transportation. menting policy across for managing workers com- also was responsible pensation insurance issues. on of Budget and Planning, focusing Office the Texas that, he worked for the Texas Before transportation. Committee. Rutter is a gradu- House Transportation at Austin and also earned ate of the University of Texas the university’s from in public affairs degree a master’s tion and his extensive background in rail policy will in rail policy tion and his extensive background strategic be invaluable in achieving the Department’s the goals and in meeting the challenge of improving Mineta system,” U.S. DOT Secretary railroad nation’s Baines Johnson School of Public Affairs. Lyndon is Administra- the public from the dangers of haz- the dangers the public from materials transportation, ardous Ellen G. Engleman and Special tor of the Research Administration (RSPA) Programs overseeing an of the U.S. DOT, for conducting agency responsible advancing research, transportation protecting intermodal technology, Engleman previously was president and chief exec- and chief was president Engleman previously Engleman has nearly 20 years of experience in pub- in swearing-in ceremony Speaking at Engleman’s “RSPA is a multifaceted agency, and our future is a multifaceted agency, “RSPA “Michael’s experience in both the private sector experience in both the private “Michael’s From 1993 to 1997, Jackson was senior vice pres- 1993 to 1997, Jackson was senior vice From Ellen G. Engleman utive officer of Electricore, Inc., a nonprofit Indiana- Inc., a nonprofit of Electricore, utive officer involved and development consortium based research and energy in developing advanced transportation federal and public–private part- technologies through September, U.S. DOT Secretary Mineta cited her U.S. DOT Secretary September, “immense skill in strategic planning and business benefit will greatly development,” and noted, “RSPA her ability to educate, communicate, and from the to increase develop successful partnerships community.” visibility in the transportation agency’s nerships. In six years, Engleman guided the Electri- expansion to include major U.S. consortium’s core and small businesses large automotive manufacturers, will focus on substantive issues concerning public will focus on substantive issues concerning old busi- will analyze Engleman states. “We safety,” to our responsiveness ness practices to increase RSPA.” a results-oriented stakeholders and create and admin- public policy, lic and governmental affairs, istration. She is an accomplished business leader, professional. public relations and accredited attorney, ensuring the safety and controlling the environmen- ensuring the safety and controlling emer- tal risks of liquid and gas pipelines, providing for natural and preparedness gency transportation training and technical civil disasters, and offering safety. assistance in transportation eral Manager for business development at Lockheed for business development eral Manager Systems and Services. IMS Transportation Martin and the government as well as his strong transporta- as well as his strong and the government asset to the make him a valuable tion background Secretary senior management team,” Department’s confirmation in May 2001. Mineta noted at Jackson’s of the American to the president ident and Counselor Associations, handling issues involving Trucking and international trade. A former technology, freight, of Georgia political science teacher at the University a researcher he also was University, and Georgetown is a grad- at the American Enterprise Institute. Jackson a doc- uate of the University of Houston and received University. Georgetown torate in political science from January. Executive Committeemeetingin on strategicplanningat TRB makes apointduringdiscussion A Council, Division Group 3, Chair, Jonathan Upchurch, TRB 48 TR NEWS 219 MARCH–APRIL 2002 HIGHLIGHTS grams more aggressively; fostering partnerships with research-related news;marketing TRBanditspro- These includelaunchinganelectronic newsletter on sible forfollow-uponseveralother proposed activities. the MarineBoard. review process; and out TRB’s core programs; high-technology transportation applicationsthrough- mittees; summer meetingsofrelated groups ofstandingcom- practice conferences, seminars,andworkshops; of transportation intothelogisticsprocess; issues; TRB standingcommitteesattheforefront ofemerging mittees, to and workoftheBoard’s 200standing technicalcom- Division’s Council,whichoverseestheorganization value andsuccessesoftransportation research. tional activities;and in transportation”; Committee are cutting activitiestobeconsidered bytheExecutive Council, ortheTRBstaff. Thefourmajor, cross- itself, theTechnical ActivitiesDivision(DivisionA) sideration andfollow-upbytheExecutiveCommittee of initiatives,manywhichrequire additionalcon- mittee developedanactionplancomprisingavariety transportation andTRB’s role. addressed, andidentifiesissuestrends affecting threats, andopportunities—defines gapstobe including strengths, limitations,challengesand tion’s missionandgoals,assessesperformance— document, theTRBleadershipaffirms theorganiza- an updatedStrategicPlaninJanuary. Inthe18-page The TRBExecutiveCommitteeapproved andreleased Strategic Plan TRB Updates ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ The TRBExecutiveDirector andstaff are respon- The actionplancallsontheTechnical Activities Working from thesefindings,theExecutiveCom- Identify nextstepstobuildonthepresence of Continue toimprove thestature ofTRB’s peer Effect more aggressive andvisibletreatment of Consider institutingregular, speciallyfocused Conduct more state-of-the-art andstate-of-the- Develop strategiestorespond totheintegration Develop andimplementstrategiestoposition Assembling anddisseminatingmaterialonthe Assessing opportunities forexpandedinterna- Convening aresearch leadershiproundtable; Developing astudyseriesaddressing “bigissues Homeland Security. technical assistanceandinformationtotheOffice of potentially affected byanydisasterandtoprovide nership istoreach andincludeallstakeholders ment capabilities.AfundamentalgoalofthePart- technical expertise, aswellresearch-and-develop- environment. TISPwillleveragemembers’collective cations/admin/2002_strategic_plan.pdf). website, www.TRB.org (http://gulliver.trb.org/publi- important andcouldbeimproved. research results andotherinformationiscritically however,observing, thattheBoard’s disseminationof hasprobablyand services neverbeengreater,” mittee foundthat“outsidedemandforTRBproducts Executive Committeenoted.Ingeneral,theCom- vices thatitisuniquelywellsuitedtoprovide,” the tomers andsponsors—especiallyprograms andser- thatareservices considered highlyusefulbycus- the Board mustfocusonproviding programs and of research results topractitioners. reports; andimproving andexpeditingthereporting electronic notificationanddisseminationofTRB relationships withotherconstituencies;providing industry andprofessional groups andstrengthening mation onTISP, gotowww.tisp.org. 334-2935, [email protected]).Formore infor- [email protected]) orMarkNorman(telephone202- tact JoedyCambridge(telephone202-334-3205,e-mail For furtherinformationonTRB’s securityactivitiescon- policy related tothesecurityofnation’s built nical support andsources forcommentonpublic tic infrastructure securityandoffer sources oftech- built environment. laborate onissuesrelated tothesecurityofnation’s ciation ofassociationsandagencies,”TISPwillcol- Infrastructure SecurityPartnership (TISP).An“asso- in asigningceremony establishingthecharter forThe than 50publicandprivateorganizations, participated In March, TRBanditsMarineBoard, alongwithmore Homeland Security New Partnership ToAid achieve thatgoalspecificallyfor Division shouldlooklikeinfive yearsandhowto recommendations onwhatTRB’s Technical Activities for a2-daysummit.Thegroup developedaseriesof Division gathered inWashington, D.C., inMarch 2002 More than40leadersoftheTRBTechnical Activities Technical Activities TRB ConductsSummiton The completeStrategicPlanisavailableontheTRB “To remain relevant tosponsorsandconstituents, The Partnership willfacilitatedialogueondomes- TR NEWS 219 MARCH–APRIL 2002 49 , Principal, Jacobs Associ- , Professor and Roger C. Lipitz and Roger , Professor , Edward G. and John R. Cahill , Edward Adib K. Kanfani William H. Hansmire William The leadership guidance for the overall program guidance for the The leadership in each research is provided guidance Technical Jacques S. Gansler Professor of Civil Engineering, and Chair, Depart- of Civil Engineering, and Chair, Professor Engineering, ment of Civil and Environmental made outstanding University of California, Berkeley, contributions to national and international air trans- on of U.S. research the development portation, of trans- and the education intelligent transportation, ates, was cited for pioneering leadership in the integration of the design and construction of tunneling including the first design-build demonstra- projects, of Transporta- for the U.S. Department tion project Committee on Soils tion. He was a member of TRB’s on the and Rock Instrumentation and participated Structures. and Underground Committee for Tunnel on the Federal Transportation Research and Devel- Research on the Federal Transportation and the Steering opment Strategic Planning Process Inter- on Setting an Committee for a Conference Framework. Research modal Transportation Chair, Center for Public Policy and Private Enter- Center for Public Policy and Chair, Mary- University of prise, School of Public Affairs, for public and land, College Park, was recognized of Defense private leadership in the U.S. Department and major contributions in missile guidance and Committee systems. He was active on TRB’s control Academy Groups Academy Induct TRB Volunteers National Academy of Engineering Election to the National Academy of Engineering distinctions (NAE) is one of the highest professional hon- Membership an engineer. that can be accorded contributions ors those who have made “important those who to engineering theory and practice” and in the have demonstrated “unusual accomplishment of technol- pioneering of new and developing fields among the 2002 Four TRB volunteers were ogy.” NAE inductees: is provided by an oversight panel of highway indus- by an oversight panel of highway is provided try panel will function both as an leaders. This an American Association of NCHRP panel and as Officials Transportation State Highway and for the The panel is responsible (AASHTO) task force. development of an of the program, overall direction decisions and for F-SHRP, administrative structure matters. and coordination about overall funding appropriate by a technical panel with the topic area technical panels provide The four mix of expertise. devel- are oversight and guidance to contractors who are plans. The contractors’ plans oping the research for the entire due in February 2003 and a final report will be completed by September 2003. effort . The objectives of this interim work Special Report 260: Strategic Highway Communications, both internal and external; Communications, both and otherwise, New initiatives, crosscutting Papers and publications, both traditional and Papers and publications, and committee structure Standing committee The Annual Meeting and other convening Meeting and other The Annual F-SHRP will be focused in the following areas: The interim work is jointly funded by NCHRP The summit was part of the Technical Activities of the Technical The summit was part generated at A summary of the recommendations (tele- For further information contact Mark Norman ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ are to develop (1) detailed research plans to allow to develop (1) detailed research are as soon as the to be released for proposals requests funding is available, and (2) an administra- research for the program. tive structure highways; mak- of America’s accelerating the renewal in highway safety; pro- ing a significant improvement times; travel viding a highway system with reliable of the highway capacity in support and providing and social goals. economic, environmental, nation’s next is expected to be included in the The program authorizing legislation, due transportation surface in October 2003. and the Federal Highway Administration and is being carried out as four studies, one for each leadership and Five panels provide area. research technical guidance for the interim work. Research: Saving Lives, Reducing Congestion, Improv- Saving Lives, Reducing Congestion, Research: ing Quality of Life Interim Planning Begins for Interim Planning Begins for Research Strategic Highway Research The National Cooperative Highway 20-58 to per- initiated Project (NCHRP) has Program Strate- form interim planning activities for the Future (F-SHRP) proposed Program gic Highway Research in TRB electronic; management; and portfolio. in the Division’s not adequately addressed Initiated in Program. Division Quality Improvement Activ- 2001 by Skip Paul, then-Chair of the Technical has paralleled the ities Division Council, this effort The purpose of the TRB Strategic Planning effort. the quality of service is to enhance TRB’s to program in Division activities. customers and to participants website the summit will be available on the TRB will be con- The recommendations (www.TRB.org). Division A Council and Executive by TRB’s sidered during Committee and implemented as appropriate 2002. phone 202-334-2935, e-mail [email protected]). activities (conferences, workshops, and committee workshops, activities (conferences, meetings); TRB HIGHLIGHTS

portation professionals. Kanafani has participated on Institute of Medicine many TRB committees, including Aviation Forecast- Robert B. Wallace, Professor, Department of Epi- ing, Intermodal Transfer Facilities, Airfield and Air- demiology, The University of Iowa College of Public space Capacity and Delay, and the Selection Panel for Health, has been elected to the Institute of Medicine the Graduate Research Award Program on Public- of the National Academies. Wallace served as a vol- Sector Aviation Issues. unteer on TRB’s Committee on Safe Mobility of Older M. Gordon Wolman, Professor, Department of Persons and on the Task Force on Safety and Mobil- Geography and Environmental Engineering, The ity of Older Drivers. Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, was recognized Wallace’s transportation-related articles include for significant contributions to the study of fluvial “Cognitive Change, Medical Illness, and Crash Risk processes, water resources management and policy, Among Older Drivers: An Epidemiological Consider- and environmental education. Wolman, who was ation” and “The Search To Improve Safe Vehicular elected to the National Academy of Sciences in 1988, Operation Among Older Drivers: Are We Reaching is a member of TRB’s Executive Committee and Sub- Our Destination?” committee for National Research Council Oversight. Cooperative Research Programs News

Reducing Highway Injuries and Fatalities: Designing Safe Highways Through Is There a Better Way? Rural Areas State organizations carry out many independent safety initia- The AASHTO publication A Policy on Geometric Design of High- tives that individually help to reduce injuries and fatalities on ways and Streets—also known as the “Green Book”—provides highways. However, because highway safety responsibilities are detailed guidance and control values for the design of new align- divided among multiple agencies (departments of transportation, ments or of major reconstruction. Most of the design controls motor vehicles, state police, and others), most states do not have represent minimum and maximum limits; however, in some a comprehensive strategic approach. Many initiatives focus only instances, a range of design values or even a single value is recon strategies that the agency is responsible for implementing and ommended. For most controls, the Green Book indicates that a do not address effectively the entire safety problem. A further combination of theory, measurement, and practice has shown the concern is the effective coordination of safety efforts outside of recommended control to provide a safe, comfortable, and aes- the state highway system. Thus, there is a need to organize a thetically pleasing roadway. coordinated, comprehensive management approach to integrat- When highways pass through rural communities, questions ing engineering, education, and enforcement efforts that more arise as to the appropriate values for geometric design elements effectively address major crash problems and are likely to result (in this project the term “rural communities” refers to developed in a greater reduction of overall injuries and deaths. areas, which may or may not be incorporated, and to the transi- Currently, NCHRP Project 17-18(3), Guidance for Imple- tion zones between high-speed operations in undeveloped sur- mentation of the AASHTO Strategic Highway Safety Plan, is roundings and the lower speed operations in the developed area). developing guidelines to assist state and local agencies in imple- Research is needed to provide information on the safety con- menting strategies (edgelines, rumble strips, access management sequences (positive and negative) of varying geometric design at intersections, and more) to reduce crashes and fatalities in tar- values in rural communities. Emphasis should be given to the geted areas. The emphasis of the project is on 13 areas: aggres- major geometric elements. sive driving, head-on crashes on two-lane roads, run-off-the-road Flexibility in design is one of the tools designers can use to crashes on two-lane roads, drivers with suspended or revoked achieve context-sensitive design. Information from this study will licenses, hazardous trees, signalized intersections, unsignalized be useful to designers involved with resurfacing, restoration, intersections, truck-related fatalities, pedestrian fatalities, utility rehabilitation, and reconstruction projects that often employ pole fatalities, curve-related crashes, older drivers, and unbelted flexibility in design. drivers and occupants. An integrated management process is The University of Kentucky has been awarded a $500,000, needed to determine the most effective combination of strategies 30-month contract (NCHRP Project 15-22, FY 2001) to develop to deploy at the state and local levels. guidance to enable project planners and designers to estimate the iTRANS Consulting, Ltd., has been awarded a $250,000, 18- safety consequences of varying geometric design values for high- month contract [NCHRP Project 17-18(05), FY 2001] to develop ways through rural communities. a management process that will address major highway-related

TR NEWS 219 MARCH–APRIL 2002 crash problems by effectively integrating engineering, education, 50 and enforcement activities within a governmental organization. TR NEWS 219 MARCH–APRIL 2002 51 Michael P.LaPlante However, the impact speeds, angles, and orientations used in the impact speeds, angles, However, guidelines for roadside Crash data will be useful in refining a The University of Nebraska, Lincoln, has been awarded Better Roadside Design: Fatalities? Can It Lead to Fewer design is to limit the number of seri- The primary goal of roadside run-off-the-road ous injuries and fatalities associated with have a strong crashes. Roadside geometrics and safety features design and severity of crashes. To influence on the frequency and to determine which roadside geometrics optimum roadside it is imperative to identify impact appropriate, are safety features and fatal crashes. characteristics associated with serious injury bearing on safety-evaluation crite- This information has a direct safety features. of roadside ria used to assess the performance a worst- selected to represent are testing procedures the current worst-case situa- this case situation. It is unclear to what degree it is world conditions. Consequently, real tion represents rela- real are data on whether there to have definitive important tionships between the selected test impact conditions and actual crashes involving serious injuries and fatalities. safety models and calibrating roadside safety countermeasures crash and vehicle and (e.g., Roadside Safety Analysis Program) dynamics simulation models. It will also be helpful in focusing involved in that are features designers’ attention on the roadside the greatest number of serious injury and fatal crashes. Crash number of serious injury and fatal the greatest data will help designers spend safety dollars on improvements serious injuries likelihood of reducing that will have the greatest and fatalities. 17-22, FY 2001) $500,000, 18-month contract (NCHRP Project to identify the vehicle types, impact conditions, and site characteristics associated with serious injury and fatal crashes involv- a robust and to create and safety devices features ing roadside research. database for future relational LaPlante holds a bachelor of LaPlante holds a bachelor LaPlante’s current responsi- current LaPlante’s bilities include negotiating and bilities include negotiating and awards, proposals processing centers, and overseeing TRB cost an and managing preparing than more annual budget of $47 million. Connecticut Central in finance from science degree of Business from State University and a Certificate England. Sheffield, City Polytechnic in Sheffield Administration. He suc- Administration. He cia A. Appel, who retired in January after in January cia A. Appel, who retired The plan is bold also in that it recognizes that AASHTO, The plan is bold also in that it recognizes 17-18(03), Guidance for Implementation of NCHRP Project a $150,000, Associates, Inc., has been awarded Roy Jorgensen LaPlante, who has been with TRB for eight years, LaPlante, who has been Ensuring Reduced Fatalities: Bold Steps Takes Plan endorsed a of Directors Board In December 1997, AASHTO’s the AASHTO Stand- Strategic Highway Safety Plan developed by a This plan represents Safety. ing Committee on Highway Traffic of highway all aspects across effort a concerted bold step toward fatalities by 5,000 to 7,000 safety to achieve the goal of reducing have been there per year by 2004. This goal is ambitious because the level of about 42,000 fatalities only slight fluctuations from a decade. than per year for more can- focus on the highway infrastructure, its traditional through in fatalities. In addition not unilaterally achieve these reductions the design, operation, and maintenance of to improve to efforts focus on (1) the increased the highway system, the plan requires drivers, (3) used to educate and regulate (2) the processes driver, the special needs of older drivers and pedestrians, (4) enforce- data and tools and (6) better ment, (5) enhanced vehicle safety, to analyze safety data. the AASHTO Strategic Highway Safety Plan, is developing guide- to assist state and local highway agen- lines in 13 emphasis areas injuries and fatalities. In addition, NCHRP cies in reducing to Reducing Statewide 17-18(05), Model Approach Project Injuries and Fatalities, is developing an integrated management and edu- enforcement, the engineering, for coordinating process within a jurisdiction. A technology transfer plan tar- cation efforts community levels within the transportation geted at appropriate these two projects. from is needed to implement the products FY 2001] to 17-18(07), 12-month contract [NCHRP Project develop a technology transfer plan to implement the products 17-18(03) and 17-18(05). NCHRP Projects from Former TRB Assistant Director, Administration and Administration Director, Former TRB Assistant LaPlante, has been appointed Finance, Michael P. Finance and Director, ceeds Mar Experience Experience Up for Adds Financial Director New 15 years of service. clerk. He as a financial in the Business Office started Divi- Programs Research moved to the Cooperative he served assistant and then as financial sion where as financial associate to the Business Office returned two years later. 52 TR NEWS 219 MARCH–APRIL 2002 SHELF BOOK sortium, andcabotagelawintheAmericas. ment hubs,theMercosur AtlanticCorridor Con- and port reform, current andemerging transship- regional ports tradeblocs,linershippingservices, addresses tradeliberalization andtheformationof Latin AmericaandtheCaribbean,report nomic integration,andsustainabledevelopmentin tion andports infosteringinternational trade,eco- An examinationoftherole ofmaritimetransporta- 89940-751-X; 288pages. Policy Research Project ReportNo.138;ISBN0- University ofTexas atAustin:2001;$22,softcover; and theCaribbean Maritime Transportation inLatinAmerica ference ofMinistersTransport inMay2000. prises three reports approved bytheEuropean Con- dioxide emissions,are presented. Thebookcom- tribute toreducing conventionalaswellcarbon incentives forsulphur-free fuels,whichcancon- engines, andemissionscontrol technologies.The for newpassengercarandheavy-dutydiesel the environment, theadequacyofemissionslimits are theimpactofvehicleemissionsonhealthand ing trends inemissionsreduction. Alsodescribed report provides aninternationalcontextforassess- dards inEurope, Japan,andtheUnitedStates,this Through acomparisonofvehicleemissionsstan- cover; ISBN92-821-1363-9;135pages. Turpin, Letchworth,UnitedKingdom:2001;$30,soft- European Conference ofMinistersTransport, OECD Vehicle EmissionReductions glossary ofterms. use, summariesoftransportation websites,anda tion aboutjobopportunities, asectiononsoftware from recent legislation.Alsofeatured are informa- labs andincorporatingchangesthathaveresulted tion isrevised andexpanded,including10new tables, worksheets,andquestions.Thesecondedi- essential theory, background information,figures, tion andtraffic problems. Eachlabprovides ing classroom knowledgetoreal-life transporta- is designedtoassistengineeringstudentsinapply- pollution, transit,financing,politics,andsignals, lection insuchtopicalareas ascongestion,air oratory exercises requiring fieldworkanddatacol- This comprehensive, practicalresource of22lab- States), softcover;ISBN0-7844-0464-X;184pages. Virginia: 2001;$34($40.80outsidetheUnited Press, AmericanSocietyofCivilEngineers,Reston, A. S.NarasimhaMurthyandHenry R.Mohle.ASCE Second Edition Transportation EngineeringBasics, of Orimulsion. literature on thephysicalandchemicalcharacteristics sion spillsare presented, ofthe alongwithasurvey posed response strategiesandequipmentforOrimul- potential effects onmarineandfresh waters,andpro- Japan, China,andothernations.Spillscenarios, water emulsionusedforpowergenerationinCanada, emulsified fuels—particularly Orimulsion,abitumen- ronmental impacts oftransportation-related spillsof emulsions. Thestudyexaminesthepotentialenvi- slurries, water-in-oil emulsion,andbitumen-water as analternativetofueloilsandincludecoal-water Emulsified fuelsare multicomponentfuelsdeveloped 309-08301-X; 118pages. cil, Washington, D.C.:2002;$27.75,softcover; ISBN0- Transportation Research Board, NationalResearch Coun- Division ofEarthandLifeStudies,MarineBoard– Spills ofEmulsifiedFuels particularly communities. tinuous activeinvolvementofallaffected parties— dredged materials.Keytotheframeworkiscon- situ treatments involvingdredging andtreatment of including insitutreatments suchascappingandex bination oftechnicalandnontechnicalsolutions, ment option,butadvocatesfortheappropriate com- study doesnotrecommend adefaultrisk-manage- options andafinalevaluationofthestrategy. The definition toassessmentofrisksandmanagement contaminated sedimentsispresented, from problem and implementingstrategiestomanagePCB- A seven-stage,risk-basedframeworkfordeveloping 0-309-07321-9; 452pages. Council, Washington, D.C.:2001;$46,softcover;ISBN Division ofEarthandLifeStudies,NationalResearch PCB-Contaminated Sediments A Risk-ManagementStrategyfor data needs,anddefininganalytical issues;andcon- measures inagencies;selectingmeasures, determining ing; implementingtransportation system performance are linkingperformance measures withdecisionmak- ming fortransportation systems.Thefourmaintopics sures andperformance-based planningandprogram- leaders experiencedintheuseofperformance mea- ence conveninggovernment,academic,andbusiness shop summariescomefrom anOctober2000confer- The resource papers,panelpresentations, andwork- Conference Proceedings 26 Systems andAgencyOperations:ReportofaConference MeasuresPerformance toImprove Transportation TRB Publications TR NEWS 219 MARCH–APRIL 2002 53 2001; 139 pp.; TRB affiliates, $34.50; nonaffiliates, 2001; 139 pp.; TRB affiliates, $24.75; nonaffiliates, 2001; 81 pp.; TRB affiliates, $32. $24; nonaffiliates, 2001; 66 pp.; TRB affiliates, ings on transverse glue-laminated deck bridges, ings on transverse among other subjects. design highway and facility $46. Subscriber category: (IIA). and Capacity, Airports, Issues in Aviation: and Management Control Air Traffic Record 1744 Research Transportation papers: a mathematical key to several Models are and observed time to measure model using perceived the level of services passenger terminals, a at airport to workload controller simulation model of air traffic airspace, and mod- estimate the capacity of Europe’s operations with discrete-event eling airside–airport the aver- for increasing simulation tools. The prospects near-term at congested airports, age size of aircraft short- control, in air traffic enhancements procedural term delay mitigation strategies, and the information among the other air passengers are needs of departing topics of research. aviation (V). $33. Subscriber category: Services Safety and Winter Work-Zone Transportation Record 1745 Research Transportation pre- are and approaches safety innovations Work-zone for sented, including a quality assurance program control supplementary traffic control, work-zone traffic dynamic work-zone approaches, for freeway measures interstates, for work zones in rural control late-merge strips, and evaluations of speed displays and rumble sequential warning light systems for lane closures. Papers on winter services cover the delivery of road weather information to travelers, the use of mobile video to investigate winter weather vehicle speeds, and factors in multivehicular collisions during snowstorms. maintenance (IIIC). Subscriber category: Highway Safety: Modeling, Analysis, Management, Statistical Methods, and Crash Location Record 1746 Research Transportation Contains papers on incorporating crash risk into congestion-mitigation strategies, neural network models accidents at driver injury severity in traffic to predict signalized intersections, models for estimating crashes as a function of access management, and computing or accident rates for vehicle types and interpreting analyses of Interstate are Also presented driver groups. highway crash injuries during snow and nonsnow crashes, and multivehi- events, fatal run-off-the-road crashes, as well as identifying high-risk cle rear-end intersections for older drivers, an automated accident 2001; 215 pp.; TRB affiliates, $47.25; nonaffili- 2001; 215 pp.; TRB affiliates, $25.50; nonaffiliates, 2001; 96 pp.; TRB affiliates, 2001; 219 pp.; TRB affiliates, $39; nonaffiliates, $52, $39; nonaffiliates, 2001; 219 pp.; TRB affiliates, softcover. Subscriber category: planning and administra- planning Subscriber category: softcover. tion (IA). in Snow-Removal Advances and Issues Technology and Ice-Control Record 1741 Research Transportation the Fifth International Symposium on Papers from Technology, Snow-Removal and Ice-Control September 2000, cover policy and management, issues, intelligent transportation environmental measures, performance systems, customer-based and ice- innovative equipment, and general snow- by mainte- authored topics. Papers are removal Canada, from nance engineers and researchers Switzerland, Denmark, Finland, Japan, Norway, the United Kingdom, and the United States. maintenance (IIIC). ates, $63. Subscriber category: Rail; and Passenger Rail; Freight Intercity Design and Maintenance Track Record 1742 Research Transportation the Papers covering international subjects include: of passenger rail in franchising and refranchising of characteristics, and forecasts Britain; the history, the compatibility of high-speed in Greece; railroads trains in passenger trains and traditional freight and new railway technology and grain trans- Europe; Canada. Additional topics are in Western portation struc- estimating the track and risk and train control, investments for 286,000-lb railcars, track-load ture track degradation assessment, the deflection behavior, more. slab track, and state of the practice in concrete rail (VII). $34. Subscriber category: Quality; Hydraulics, and Water Hydrology, Roadside Safety Features Record 1743 Research Transportation cov- to highway construction are issues relating Water highway from including the impact of runoff ered, water on surface the effects construction and repair, and the management of litter, and groundwater, and bridge design. morphology in culvert stream bull- examines barriers and guardrails: Other research nose median barrier systems, cable median barriers, Union splices, European W-beam guardrails, W-beam bridge rail- safety barriers, and for roadside standards necting system performance measures to wider goals. measures necting system performance implementa- approaches, organizational Included are the practice, the state of tion experiences reflecting application of multimodal customer perspectives, technical issues. and related measures, 54 TR NEWS 219 MARCH–APRIL 2002 durable pavementmarkings,life-cycle costcompar- through lifeof focuseddailymaintenance, theservice this volume,withreports onimproved road quality Lessons from fieldtestscharacterizethecontentsof Transportation Research Record1749 Pavements andStructures Maintenance ofTransportation traffic control (IVA). Subscriber category: highwayoperations,capacity, and control assistancesystemsontraffic. communications, andmodelingtheeffects ofdriver ing, monitoringurbanfreeway incidentswithwireless operational algorithmsforcoordinated rampmeter- detector dataforfreeway performance measurement, viations inchangeablemessagesigns,miningloop in theplatoonexaminedriverunderstandingofabbre- ing duringinclementweather, andmore. Other papers tioning algorithmforcoordinating signals,signaltim- signal simulationmodels,areal-time offset transi- traffic signalpreemption andpriority, comparisonof papers onsuchtopicsasstakeholderrequirements for Traffic signalmanagementgetsthegreen lightwith Transportation Research Record1748 Vehicle–Highway Automation2001 Advanced Traffic Management Systemsand Subscriber category: planningandadministration(IA). Board Statement34. on applyingtheGovernmentalAccountingStandards Part 5,onassetmanagement,offerswaterways. lessons light rail,andtheeconomicimpactofruralinland location forpublictransit,theeffect ofproximity to ment rehabilitation, thebenefitsofadvancedvehicle and non-load-related shares ofexpenditures forpave- pavement constructionmethods,determiningload- nomic development:theeconomicbenefitsofnew planning fortransit.Part 4coverseconomicsandeco- sustainable intermodaltransportation andstrategic management isthesubjectofPart 3withpaperson ing, variablepricing,andtheeffect oftolls.Strategic turns topricingissues:valuepricing,congestionpric- financing andmanagementintheBalticStates.Part 2 the valueofArizona’s statehighwaysystemandroad Part 1offers papersonfinance:afinancialanalysisof Transportation Research Record1747 Transportation andPublicPolicy2001 (IVB). $34. Subscribercategory: safetyandhumanperformance through GlobalPositioningSystemunits. detection system,andimproving crashlocationdata 2001; 174pp.;TRBaffiliates, $36;nonaffiliates, $48. 2001; 128pp.;TRBaffiliates, $30;nonaffiliates, $40. 2001; 101pp.;TRBaffiliates, $25.50;nonaffiliates, functional requirements and formulatedinthecontext presented wasdevelopedfrom stakeholder-driven dimensional spatiotemporaldata. TheLRSdatamodel operation, andsharingoftransportation-based multi- hensive modelthataccommodatestheuse,storage, systems (LRS)datamodels,documentingacompre- The report offers thenextstepinlocationreferencing NCHRP Report460 Transportation LocationReferencing Systems Guidelines fortheImplementationofMultimodal tion (IIIB). iates, $46.Subscribercategory: materialsandconstruc- oratory mixingandcompactiontemperatures. storage stability, particulate additivecontent,andlab- modified asphaltbindersandnewtestmethodsfor included, alongwithapracticeforcharacterizationof fatigue cracking,andlow-temperature crackingare ters andtestprotocols forpermanentdeformation, energy dissipation.Suggestedspecificationparame- derived from anexplorationofviscousflowand more effectively relate bindertoperformance are methods are recommended. Binderparametersthat changes tothespecificationanditssupporting test mance ofmodifiedasphaltbinders.Asaremedy, Asphalt Binder, underestimates thepotential perfor- Standard SpecificationforPerformance Graded The report presents thefindingthatAASTHOMP1, NCHRP Report459 Superpave MixDesign Characterization ofModifiedAsphaltBindersin hydraulics andhydrology (IIC). $36. Subscribercategory: bridges,otherstructures, and ings intoasinglerecommended designspecification. research in report buildsonbridgesuperstructure redundancy and evaluationofhighwaybridgesare presented. The considering substructure redundancy inthedesign The findingsofastudytodevelopmethodologyfor NCHRP Report458 Redundancy inHighwayBridgeSubstructures $34. Subscribercategory: maintenance(IIIC). and in-depthinspections. and papersonthereliability andaccuracyofroutine topic, withfindingsfrom astate-of-the-practicesurvey from bridges.Highwaybridgeinspectionisanother nance ofconcrete bridges,andremoving leadpaint using stonematrixasphaltsforthinoverlays,mainte- volume roads, decidingwhentosealpavementjoints, isons ofasphaltandconcrete pavementsonlow- 2001; 165pp.;TRBaffiliates, $34.50;TRBnonaffil- 2001; 98pp.;TRBaffiliates, $28;TRBnonaffiliates, 2001; 107pp.;TRBaffiliates, $25.50;nonaffiliates, NCHRP Report406 and integratesthefind- TR NEWS 219 MARCH–APRIL 2002 55 seek original paper submissions in the seek original paper ): Design IJP was launched in January the Centro by Policy on Geometric Green Book Green (the contains nine peer-reviewed technical papers from the Sec- from technical papers contains nine peer-reviewed IJP The first issue of 2001; 134 pp.; TRB affiliates, $30; nonaffiliates, $40. $30; nonaffiliates, 2001; 134 pp.; TRB affiliates, $28. $21; nonaffiliates, 2001; 57 pp.; TRB affiliates, New International Journal Paves Its Way Paves International Journal New IJP: International Journal of Pavements de Sao Paulo,Tecnológica de Educação Federal Brazil, and the Center for of Mississippi. of the University Technology The Advanced Infrastructure journal, engineering, excellence in pavement professional which promotes including education, research, construction, and preservation of the transportation infrastructure, findings in all aspects of pave- research publishes an audience of educators,ments for researchers, transportation engineers, industry professionals, and agency officials. and ond International Symposium on Maintenance and Rehabilitation of Pavements publishers of Control.The Technological field of transportation asset management, engineering and infrastructure along with discussions, reviews, news, items of interest. and related of version An electronic at www.olemiss.edu/pubs/ijp/. the journal is available Recent Geometric Design Research for Design Research Recent Geometric and Operations Safety Improved NCHRP Synthesis 299 amount of a considerable The last decade produced on all aspects of geometric design: how road- research operate, and the safety of designed, how they ways are sheer volume of information the facilities. But the limitation to the application of published is a potential and summarizes This synthesis reviews the research. published during the research the geometric design opera- attention to safety and 1990s, with particular simi- grouped tional implications. The findings are larly to key chapters of AASHTO’s Design of Highways and Street Sec- Elements of Design, Cross and Criteria, Controls tions, Intersections, and Interchanges. (IIA), Subscriber categories: highway and facility design control and traffic and highway operations, capacity, (IVA). Vehicles on Transit Surveillance Technology Electronic TCRP Synthesis 38 million people in as many as 13 On a typical workday, expect and the United States ride transit. Passengers buses, heavy and light rail demand safe and secure as public vehicles, ferries, and other vehicles as well describes This synthesis environments. transportation surveil- the state of the practice concerning onboard safety and security issues lance technologies to address of agencies, including a review at public transportation touches The report technologies. and emerging current in meeting of systems on the successes and failures transit needs, and discusses the benefits and costs of implementing surveillance systems on transit vehicles. transit (VI). public Subscriber category: 2001; 81 pp.; TRB affiliates, $24; TRB nonaffiliates, 2001; 81 pp.; TRB affiliates, $40. $30; nonaffiliates, 2001; 141 pp.; TRB affiliates, $27; TRB nonaffiliates, 2001; 249 pp.; TRB affiliates, $18.75; TRB nonaffili- 2001; 52 pp.; TRB affiliates, of current geospatial standards. Implementation standards. geospatial of current con- the tools to support guidelines, which provide the transportation across sistent location referencing included. are community, planning and administration $32. Subscriber category: (IA). Safety and Vehicular Light Rail Service: Pedestrian TCRP Report 69 the of a study to improve results presents The report in semiexclusive safety of light rail transit (LRT) light rail vehicles operate at rights-of-way where with crossings 35 mph through than speeds greater results pathways. Included are and pedestrian streets the safety of higher-speed of field tests for improving of design, results grade-crossing systems through LRT of evaluation of the effectiveness a before-and-after behavior at highway–rail grade on motorist presignals for installation guidelines and presignal crossings, and extend- systems or retrofitting designing new LRT ing systems. public transit (VIA). Subscriber category: Rural and Guidebook for Change and Innovation at Systems Small Urban Transit TCRP Report 70 for adapting new con- resources The guidebook offers of Much cepts to community public transportation. of innovative public a review the information is from initiatives in rural and small urban transportation the United States. The communities throughout I addresses Part guidebook is divided into two parts: II pre- for change and innovation, and Part the culture than 40 initiatives and innovations imple- sents more transit systems, mented by public and nonprofit transit associations, planning agencies, state regional and others. of transportation, state departments $36. Subscriber categories: planning and administration (IA); public transit (VIA). Simulators and Bus Safety: Guidelines for Acquiring Bus Operator Driving Simulators and Using Transit TCRP Report 72 efficiently If student bus operators can be trained more using simulation, both training and operations costs guidance for tran- provides This report can be reduced. a driving sim- sit managers on the decision to purchase ulator and, if advisable, what kind, and on how to use bus operator training and safety. simulation to improve public transit (VIA). ates, $25. Subscriber category: Publications Order Form Please send the following: Price Qty Title Nonaffiliates Affiliates

______TR News: Ⅺ Annual Subscription $ 55.001 No charge2 Ⅺ Single Copy (TRN___) 9.50 $ 7.13 ______SHRP Product Catalog No charge No charge ______Bridge Aesthetics Around the World Ⅺ Hardcover (BAATHC) 85.00 63.75 Ⅺ Softcover (BAATSC) 65.00 48.75 ______Ⅺ Highway Capacity Manual, 2000 ed. (HCM 2000), U.S. customary print version (HCM2KE) 100.003 75.003 Ⅺ HCM 2000, Metric print version (HCM2KM) 100.003 75.003 Ⅺ HCM 2000, Multimedia CD-ROM (includes both versions) (HCM2KC) 90.00 67.50 Ⅺ HCM 2000, U.S. customary print version and CD-ROM (HCM2EC) 145.003 108.753 Ⅺ HCM 2000, Metric print version and CD-ROM (HCM2MC) 145.003 108.753

SPECIAL REPORTS ______260 Strategic Highway Research: Saving Lives, Reducing Congestion, Improving Quality of Life (SR260) 23.00 17.25 ______261 The Federal Role in Highway Research and Technology (SR261) 21.00 15.75 ______262 A Process for Setting, Managing, and Monitoring Environmental Windows for Dredging Projects (SR262) 20.00 15.00

CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS ______26 Performance Measures to Improve Transportation Systems and Agency Operations: Report of a Conference (CP26) 52.00 39.00

NCHRP REPORTS ______406 Redundancy in Highway Bridge Superstructures (NR406) 23.00 17.25 ______458 Redundancy in Highway Bridge Substructures (NR458) 36.00 28.00 ______459 Characterization of Modified Asphalt Binders in Superpave Mix Design (NR459) 46.00 34.50 ______460 Guidelines for the Implementation of Multimodal Transportation Location Referencing Systems (NR460) 32.00 24.00

TCRP REPORTS ______69 Light Rail Service: Pedestrian and Vehicular Safety (TC069) 40.00 30.00 ______70 Guidebook for Change and Innovation at Rural and Small Urban Transit Systems (TC070) 36.00 27.00 ______72 Simulators and Bus Safety: Guidelines for Acquiring and Using Transit Bus Operator Driving Simulators (TC072) 25.00 18.75

NCHRP SYNTHESIS OF HIGHWAY PRACTICE ______299 Recent Geometric Design Research for Improved Safety and Operations (SYH299) 40.00 30.00

TCRP SYNTHESIS OF TRANSIT PRACTICE ______38 Electronic Surveillance Technology on Transit Vehicles (TS038) 28.00 21.00

TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH RECORDS ______1741 Advances and Issues in Snow-Removal and Ice-Control Technology (R1741) 63.00 47.25 ______1742 Intercity Passenger Rail; Freight Rail; and Track Design and Maintenance (R1742) 34.00 25.50 ______1743 Hydrology, Hydraulics, and Water Quality; Roadside Safety Features (R1743) 46.00 34.50 ______1744 Issues in Aviation: Airports, Capacity, and Air Traffic Control and Management (R1744) 33.00 24.75 ______1745 Transportation Work-Zone Safety and Winter Services (R1745) 32.00 24.00 ______1746 Highway Safety: Modeling, Analysis, Management, Statistical Methods, and Crash Location (R1746) 34.00 25.50 ______1747 Transportation and Public Policy 2001 (R1747) 40.00 30.00 ______1748 Advanced Traffic Management Systems and Vehicle–Highway Automation 2001 (R1748) 48.00 36.00 ______1749 Maintenance of Transportation Pavements and Structures (R1749) 34.00 25.50

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