He finished fresh with plenty of running left. The colorful Juan Carlos Zabala of Argentina was so set upon retain­ Olympic Record — 9 mins. 3.8 secs., Volmar Iso-Hollo, ing the laurels won at Los Angeles that he spent more than Finland, at Berlin, Germany, August 8th, 1936. six months training in Berlin. He led the field of fifty No Official World’s Record. runners out of the Stadium and was in the van for more American Record — 9 mins. 14.5 secs., Joseph P. McClus- than 18 miles with a sizzling pace. Some idea of his speed key, United States, at Palo Alto, Cal., July 16th, 1932. may be gauged from the fact that Zabala covered in the Volmar Iso-Hollo of Finland won the 3,000 Meters first hour only about three-quarters of a mile less than Steeplechase Championship in the amazing time of 9m. Nurmi did when he established the world’s one hour rec­ 03.8s. to gain the distinction of becoming the only de­ ord of 11 miles 1,648 yards. He cracked badly and left fending Track and Field champion to retain his title. The the race to Son and Nan of Japan and Ernest Harper of stalwart Finn traversed the distance in faster time than Great Britain. ever previously recorded. The pace was so fast that Har­ Finland made a splendid showing with Erkki Tamila old Manning of Wichita, Kansas, who was fifth, bettered finishing fourth, Vaino Muinonen fifth and Mauno Tar- the 1932 record. A. Dompert of Germany made a strong kiainen in ninth place. bid to finish third, the only individual placing scored by America once more failed dismally in this endurance Germany in the track portion of the program. test, its only finisher—John A. Kelley—placing eighteenth, Glen Dawson of Tulsa, Oklahoma and Joseph P. Me more than twenty minutes behind. Ellison M. Brown and Cluskey of the New York Athletic Club, third at Los An­ William F. McMahon, the other American starters, drop­ geles, finished 11th and 12th respectively. ped out a little beyond the half way mark. The course was more monotonous than difficult, with a good portion TRIAL HEATS of the race being on the straightaway of the Avus motor (Four in each heat to qualify for the final) racetrack. There was only one pronounced hill. 1st Heat 1. Alfred Dompert, Germany 9m. 27.2s. FINAL 2. Martti Matilainen, Finland ...... 9m. 28.4s. 1. Kitei Son, Japan ...... 3. Woldemars Wihtols, Latvia 9m. 28.8s. (Olympic Record) 2h. 29m. 19.2s. 4. Glen Dawson, United States ...... 9m. 29.2s. 2. Ernest Harper, Great Britain ...... 2h. 31m. 23.2s. 2nd Heat 3. Shoryu Nan, Japan ...... 2h. 3lm. 42.2s. 1. Volmar Iso-Hollo, Finland 9m. 34s. 4. Erkki Tamila, Finland ...... 2h. 32m. 45s. 2. Harold Manning, United States 9m. 34.8s. 5. Vaino Muinonen, Finland ...... 2h. 3 3m. 46s. 3. Willy Heyn, Germany 9m. 41.2s. 6. Johannes Coleman, South Africa 2h. 36m. 17s. 4. H. E. Holmqvist, Sweden .... 9m. 44.4s. 7. Donald Robertson, Great Britain 2h. 37m. 06.2s. 3rd Heat 8. Henry Gibson, South Africa ...... 2h. 38m. 04s. 1. Kaarlo Tuominen, Finland 9m. 40.4s. 9. Mauno Tarkiainen, Finland ...... 2h. 39m. 3 3s. 2. Joseph P. McCluskey, United States...... 9m. 45.2s. 10. Thore Enochsson, Sweden ...... 2h. 43m. 12s. 3. Roger Rerolle, France ...... 9m. 50.6s. 11. Stelios Kynakides, Greece 2h. 43m. 20.8s. 4. Lars Larsson, Sweden ...... 9m. 52.4s. 12. Nouba Khaleb, France 2h. 45m. 34s. FINAL 13. Henry Palme, Sweden 2h. 46m. 08.4s. 1. Volmar Iso-Hollo, Finland ...... 14. Franz Tuschek, Austria 2h. 46m. 29s. (Olympic Record) 9m. 03.8s. 15. James Bartlett, Canada 2h. 48m. 21.4s. 2. Kaarlo Tuominen, Finland ...... 9m. 06.8s. 16. Francois Duval, France 2h. 48m. 39.8s. 3. Alfred Dompert, Germany ...... 9m. 07.2s. 17. Manoel Dias, Portugal ...... 2h. 49m. 4. Martti Matilainen, Finland ...... 9m. 09.8s. 18. John A. Kelley, United States 2b. 49m. 32.4s. 5. Harold Manning, United States...... 9m. 11.2s. 19. Miloslav Lunak, Czechoslovakia 2h. 50m. 26s. 6. Lars Larsson, Sweden ...... 9m. 16.6s. 20. Felix Meskens, Belgium...... 2h. 51m. 19s. 11. Glen W. Dawson, United States. 21. Jan Takac, Czechoslovakia...... 2h. 51m. 20s. 22. Rudolf Wober, Austria ...... 2h. 51m. 28s. 12. Joseph P. McCluskey, United States. 23. Ludovic Gall, Roumania...... 2h. 5 5m. 02s. 24. Robert Nevens, Belgium ...... 2h. 5 5m. 51s. Marathon 25. Hartington Anderson, Denmark 2h. 56m. 31s. Olympic Record — 2 hrs. 29 min. 19.2 secs., Kitei Son, 26. Gabriel Mendoza, Peru ...... 2h. 57m. 17.8s. Japan, at Berlin, Germany, August 9th, 1936. 27. T. F. Lelande, South Africa ...... 2b. 57m. 20s. 28. Arturs Motmillers, Latvia...... 2h. 58m. 02s. No Official World’s Record. 29. Eduared Braesicke, Germany ...... 2b. 59m. 3 3.4s. Japan served notice to the athletic nations of the world 30. Victor Callard, Canada ...... 3h. 00m. 11s. of its present day formidability in international athletic 31. Fernand Leheurter, France...... 3h. 01m. 11s. competition by the great victory scored by Kitei Son, 32. Wilhelm Rothmeyer, Austria ...... 3h. 02m. 32s. twenty-three year old student from Korea, in the Olympic 33. Bronislaw Gancarz, Poland ...... 3b. 03m. 11s. Marathon. One of his countrymen, Shoryu Nan, finished 34. Max Beer, Switzerland ...... 3h. 06m. 26s. in third place, a little more than two minutes behind. 35. Guillermo Suarez, Peru ...... 3h. 08m. 18s. Japan’s rise among the first class powers in the world of 36. Boris Haralambieff, Bulgaria...... 3h. 08m. 53.8s. sport is phenomenal, starting with representation by a single athlete in the Vth Olvmpic Games at Stockholm The following withdrew from the race: Ellison Brown in 1912. and William McMahon, United States; Juan C. Zabala, Kitei Son took the lead about nineteen miles and led Argentina; Tamao Shiwaku, Japan; Paul de B r u y n , Ger­ Ernest Harper of Great Britain across the line by 2m. 04s. many; Aurelio Genghini and Giannino Bulzone, Italy.